Dioxidin ampoules instructions for use

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Dioxidin - instructions for use in nasal ampoules for adults and children

Dioxidin is a synthetic antibiotic that is a derivative of quinoxaline. It has a number of specific features that determine the scope of its application in medical practice.

Table of contents:

It exhibits the greatest bactericidal activity under anaerobic conditions, destroying all the most common types of pathogens of purulent infection.

It is usually used in a hospital setting for the treatment of septic conditions, as it is a reserve antibacterial drug. Its effectiveness is combined with high toxicity, so the drug is prescribed only if treatment with other, less toxic antibiotics fails.

Dioxidin: instructions for use in nasal ampoules

The drug has been used in medicine for several decades and has proven itself as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent. The most sensitive to it are Proteus, many varieties of Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and Escherichia coli, pseudomonas, staphylo- and streptococci, salmonella (especially insensitive to other groups of antibiotics). Resistance to it in bacteria develops quite slowly.

The active substance - hydroxymethylquinoxylin dioxide - destroys pathogenic microorganisms by introducing into them and blocking DNA biosynthesis. As a result, the cell is not able to divide, and irreversible destructive processes occur in the structure of its cytoplasm and nucleotide. This is made possible by two special NO groups that activate free radicals under anaerobic conditions. However, this same property also has negative consequences for the macroorganism, which causes the high toxicity of the drug.

Dioxidine release form

The drug is produced by several Russian and foreign pharmaceutical enterprises from yellowish powdery raw materials. The following dosage forms can be purchased in pharmacies:

  • An ointment intended for topical use, produced by Penza JSC Biosintez. The concentration of hydroxymethylquinoxyline dioxide is 5%.
  • Solution (used for infusion and topically) 5 mg/ml – product of Shchelkovsky OJSC “Valenta Pharmaceuticals”. Sold in pharmacy chains in five- or ten-milliliter glass ampoules, 3, 5 or 10 pieces in each package.
  • Dioxidine solution 10 mg/ml is 1 percent of the active ingredient in the drug. Produced by the companies “Valenta Pharmaceuticals”, OJSC “Novosibkhimpharm”, LLC “FERMENT” in ampoules of 5 or 10 ml, used for intracavitary administration and topically.

The solution contains, in addition to hydroxymethylquinoxylin dioxide, which makes up 0.5 or 1 percent of the total volume, water for injection. The latter is sterile distilled water, which serves as a universal solvent for many medicines.

Indications

As mentioned above, Dioxidin is especially effective against anaerobic strains of pathogenic bacteria. Clinical studies that lasted a decade and a half have revealed the high effectiveness of the drug in antibiotic therapy for the following pathologies:

  • Cellulitis, pyothorax, peritonitis, pleurisy, abscesses of the lungs and mediastinum, in which the solution can be administered either intravenously or directly into the body cavity.
  • Trophic and purulent skin ulcers, wound infections, burns. In the latter case, the drug is especially effective in helping to avoid sepsis and speeds up healing.
  • Osteomyelitis.
  • Inflammation of the urinary system (cystitis, for example).
  • Inflammatory processes in the mammary glands.

All of these diseases are treated in a hospital, but Dioxidin can also be used on an outpatient basis, but only on the recommendation of the attending physician. Typically, the medicine in this case is used for antibiotic therapy of chronic or complicated bacterial rhinitis, which does not respond to treatment with other antibiotics for a long time, and sinusitis. In this case, bacterial culture is done, which identifies the specific cause (type of pathogen).

Dioxidin in the nose for an adult: regimen and dosage

You can do rinsing yourself at home. For sinusitis or a runny nose, this method helps to quickly get rid of painful symptoms. It is recommended to use a solution for intracavitary administration (i.e. 0.5%) without dilution. The 1% drug is diluted with water in a one to one ratio.

Before rinsing, you should remove existing nasal congestion. If it is impossible to do this mechanically, you need to use special vasoconstrictor drops (for example, naphthyzine). It is also advisable to rinse the nasal passages with a saline solution, which thins the accumulated mucus.

Dioxidin can also be dripped into the nose of an adult. This method is more convenient and effective than washing. The solution prescribed is the same as in the previous case (0.5%), it does not need to be diluted. The treatment regimen is as follows: three times a day, after preliminary cleaning of the nasal passages, 2 drops of medicine are instilled into each of them. Since there are no special dosage forms for intranasal use, this is done with a pipette. Usually the duration of the course does not exceed 5 days, but advanced cases may require weekly therapy.

In addition to the finished medication in ampoules, the otolaryngologist can prescribe a combined composition based on it, which is prepared in a pharmacy according to an individual prescription. The most common option is where Dioxidin is combined with hydrocortisone. The main component fights the pathogen, and the auxiliary components provide the prevention of allergies and alleviation of symptoms due to the vasoconstrictor effect. Such mixtures can successfully treat bacterial rhinitis, but not all pharmacies manufacture such compositions.

Contraindications of Dioxidine and its side effects

The pharmacodynamic features make the drug quite toxic and require some caution when using it (especially in patients with chronic kidney failure). The instructions for use strictly prohibit treatment with all forms of the drug for the following persons:

  • under the age of 18;
  • pregnant and lactating women;
  • having hypersensitivity to quinoxalines;
  • with a history of adrenal insufficiency.

The development of side effects is quite high, especially with intravenous and intracavitary administration. In these cases, there may be an increase in temperature accompanied by chills, headache, dyspepsia (nausea, vomiting, digestive disorders), photosensitivity and allergic reactions. If the drug is used topically, itching and periwound dermatitis are likely to occur.

Dioxidin during pregnancy

The effect of hydroxymethylquinoxylin dioxide on the body has been studied over many years of research. As a result, its mutagenic and teratogenic effects were reliably established. Women at any stage of pregnancy should not be prescribed this drug, and not only intravenously or into the body cavity. Even local use in the form of ointments, compresses or nasal drops ensures the penetration of the active substance into the bloodstream through the mucous membranes and skin. For the same reason, treatment with Dioxidin during lactation is excluded (a temporary transition to pumping and artificial feeding is usually recommended).

How to dilute a solution for compresses and nasal drops for adults

For intranasal use in adults, a 0.5% ready-made drug in ampoules without dilution is usually used. If a one percent solution is used, the medicine is diluted with water for injection (1:1). Compresses are prescribed, as a rule, in the postoperative period to prevent infection of sutures and treat purulent wounds. This is usually done in a hospital setting by qualified health workers. However, outpatient treatment with compresses with dioxidine is also possible.

Trophic and purulent ulcers and wounds are treated by applying napkins soaked in a 0.5-1 percent solution, and deep injuries are loosely tamponed. For osteomyelitis of the extremities (with the formation of purulent areas), baths with a medicine of a similar concentration are indicated. The listed cases do not require dilution, but for postoperative sutures the drug must be diluted with isotonic saline solution or water for injection (to an active substance content of 0.1-0.2 percent) in a sterile container.

How to store an open ampoule of Dioxidine

Without compromising the integrity of the packaging, this medicine can be stored for 2 years, but it is better to throw away the opened ampoule with any remaining medicine. However, repeated use within 24 hours is allowed. To do this, you need to tightly close the hole with a piece of sterile cotton wool and place the ampoule in the refrigerator until the next use (before using it, warm it to room temperature in a water bath).

Instead of storing an open ampoule, it is better to dilute dioxidin and keep it in the refrigerator for a day in a regular disposable syringe. This method is preferable, as it facilitates the use of the drug. Firstly, the measuring scale allows you to accurately measure the volume of the medicine itself and the dilution liquid. Secondly, drawing them from ampoules and vials is much more comfortable. Thirdly, sterility is maintained both during dilution and during storage, and dripping from it is no more difficult than from a pipette.

Dioxidine solution in the nose of children: how to dilute?

As mentioned in the corresponding section, this medication is strictly contraindicated in patients under 18 years of age. However, in special cases its use is advisable. A pediatrician may prescribe medication to a child if a chronic form of rhinitis that is not amenable to antibiotic therapy with other medications is diagnosed. Beforehand, a bacterial culture must be done and the causative agent is determined, and an allergy test is also carried out.

Since children are more sensitive to drug therapy and prone to allergic reactions (and children's dioxidine is not available), the medicine must be diluted. To do this, the finished one percent preparation is usually diluted with saline solution in a sterile container in a ratio of 1:4. You need to drip three times a day, no more than two drops in each nasal passage. Course duration is from 3 to 5 days.

Sometimes the medicine is used in nebulizers. These devices have long proven their effectiveness, and in combination with a solution of hydroxymethylquinoxylin dioxide, such therapy allows you to quickly get rid of painful symptoms. The dilution should also be 1 to 4 (1% solution) or 1:2 if 0.5% dioxidine is used. Use only after consultation with a pediatrician and with his permission.

A warning to parents

The medicine is toxic, and the dilution scheme must be determined and explained by the doctor (the younger the patient, the weaker the concentration of the active substance should be). Unfortunately, many parents trust the advice of non-medical sites, forums and friends more, and non-specialists often confuse the names of drugs. For example, dioxidin and dimexide, and the difference between them is very significant.

Unlike the subject of this article, Dimexide is intended exclusively for external use for suppuration, burns and skin grafts, injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system (arthritis, bruises, sprains). In addition, children under 12 years of age should not use it. Without dilution, the product can cause a chemical burn, which completely excludes the treatment of a runny nose in a child.

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List of over-the-counter antibiotics + reasons for banning their free circulation

In the forties of the last century, humanity received powerful weapons against many deadly infections. Antibiotics were sold without prescriptions and allowed

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Dioxidine

Description current as of 01/13/2015

  • Latin name: Dioxydin
  • ATX code: J01XX
  • Active ingredient: Hydroxymethylchinoxalindioxydum
  • Manufacturer: JSC “Biosintez”, Nizhpharm, Novosibkhimpharm, Moskhimfarmpreparaty im. ON THE. Semashko, Russian Federation PJSC “Farmak”, Ukraine

Compound

One milliliter of a 1% solution for external and intracavitary use includes 10 mg of hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide, as well as water for injection in a volume of up to 1 ml.

A milliliter of 0.5 percent solution for local, intravenous and intracavitary use contains 5 mg of hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide and water for injection as an excipient (in a volume of up to 1 ml).

A gram of Dioxidin ointment contains 50 mg, as well as excipient substances: polyethylene oxide 400, polyethylene oxide 1500, nipagin, propyl ester of paraoxybenzoic acid.

Release form

The drug has the following dosage forms:

  • Dioxidin solution 1% for intracavitary and local use;
  • Dioxidin solution 0.5% for local, intravenous and intracavitary use;
  • Dioxidin ointment 5%.

A one percent solution is available in 10 ml colorless glass ampoules, 10 ampoules in one package; a 0.5% solution is supplied to pharmacies in colorless glass ampoules of 10 and 20 ml; The ointment is packaged in tubes of 25, 30, 50, 60 and 100 grams.

pharmachologic effect

Dioxidin is a product from the group of synthetic antibacterial bactericidal drugs. The active substance of the drug belongs to the group of quinoxaline derivatives and is characterized by a wide range of pharmacological activity.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The mechanism of action of Dioxidin is associated with the damaging effect of hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide on the cell walls of microorganisms, which ultimately suppresses their vital activity and leads to their death.

The drug is active against Proteus vulgaris, Friedlander's bacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pathogens of bacterial dysentery from the genus Shigella (Shigella dysenteria, Shigella flexneri, Shigella boydii, Shigella sonnei), salmonella, which is the most common causative agent of acute diarrhea (Salmonella spp.), Escherichia coli (Escherichia coli), staphylococci (Staphylococcus spp.), streptococci (Streptococcus spp.), which are the causative agents of food toxic infections of pathogenic anaerobic bacteria Clostridium perfringens.

Dioxidin is capable of affecting bacterial strains resistant to other antimicrobial agents (including antibiotics). In this case, the product does not cause local irritation.

The possibility of development of drug resistance of microflora to the drug cannot be excluded.

When administered into a vein, it has a small therapeutic breadth of action, which in turn presupposes strict adherence to the dosage regimen specified in the instructions.

Treatment of burned areas of the body with the drug, as well as purulent-necrotic wounds, allows you to accelerate the healing process of the wound surface, reparative (restorative) tissue regeneration, as well as their marginal epithelization, and has a beneficial effect on the course of the wound process.

Experimental studies have established that the drug is capable of having teratogenic, mutagenic and embryotoxic effects.

When used as a local remedy, it is partially absorbed from the wound or burned surface treated with it. It is eliminated from the body by the kidneys.

After injection into a vein, the therapeutic concentration of hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide in the blood remains for the next 4-6 hours. Plasma concentration after a single injection of the solution reaches a maximum after approximately 1-2 hours.

The active substance quickly and easily penetrates into all tissues and internal organs and is excreted by the kidneys. With repeated administrations it does not accumulate in the body.

Indications for use

Indications for IV administration of Dioxidin are:

  • septic conditions (including conditions developing against the background of burn disease);
  • purulent meningitis (purulent-inflammatory damage to the membranes of the brain);
  • purulent-inflammatory processes accompanied by symptoms of generalization.

Intracavitary administration of Dioxidin in ampoules is indicated for purulent-inflammatory processes occurring in the chest or abdominal cavity, including:

  • purulent pleurisy (pleural empyema);
  • peritonitis (an inflammatory process affecting the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum);
  • cystitis (inflammation of the bladder);
  • empyema of the gallbladder (acute purulent inflammation of the gallbladder).

Intracavitary injections can also be prescribed for prophylactic purposes to prevent the development of infectious complications after bladder catheterization.

Dioxidin is used as an external and local remedy:

  • for the treatment of burns, trophic ulcers and wounds (including deep and superficial, of various locations, infected and purulent, difficult and long-term healing);
  • for the treatment of wounds that are characterized by the presence of deep purulent cavities (for example, purulent pleurisy, soft tissue abscesses, phlegmon and pelvic abscesses, postoperative wounds on the organs of the urinary and biliary system, purulent mastitis, etc.);
  • for the treatment of infectious skin lesions (pyoderma) caused by the activity of streptococci or staphylococci.

Contraindications

The use of Dioxidin is contraindicated:

Side effects

Intracavitary administration and administration of Dioxidin into a vein may be accompanied by:

When Dioxidin is applied topically, periwound dermatitis and itching may occur in the area of ​​the body treated with the drug.

Instructions for use of Dioxidin (Method and dosage)

Instructions for use of Dioxidin in ampoules

Dioxidin is administered intravenously by drip. In severe purulent-septic conditions, the solution before administration is pre-diluted with an isotonic solution (5% dextrose solution or 9% NaCl solution) to obtain a concentration of 0.1-0.1%.

The maximum permissible single dose is 0.3 grams, daily dose is 0.6 grams.

In cases where the patient is indicated for external use of Dioxidin, the drug is used for packing deep wounds, as well as irrigating affected areas of the body.

After preliminary cleaning and treatment, deep wounds are recommended to be loosely tamponed with tampons soaked in a 1% solution.

If the patient has a drainage tube, he is advised to administer 20 to 100 ml of a 0.5% solution into the cavity.

Therapy of deep purulent wounds on the hands or feet with osteomyelitis involves the use of Dioxidin solutions (0.5 or 1%, as indicated by the attending physician) in the form of baths.

Special treatment of the wound surface within minutes is also allowed: the drug is injected into the wound for a specified time, after which a bandage with a 1% solution of the drug is applied to the affected area of ​​the body.

Treatment of superficial infected purulent wounds involves applying wipes soaked in a 0.5 or 1% solution to the wound surface.

It is recommended to repeat the procedure daily or every other day (the frequency of applications depends on the condition of the wound and the characteristics of the wound process). The highest daily dose is 2.5 grams. Treatment with Dioxidin is usually continued for up to 3 weeks.

For patients with osteomyelitis, as well as if the drug is well tolerated, in some cases treatment can be continued for 1.5-2 months.

If intracavitary administration of the drug is necessary, the patient should inject 10 to 50 ml of a 1% solution into the cavity daily through a catheter or drainage tube. The drug is administered using a syringe, usually once. In some cases, Dioxidin may be administered in 2 doses according to indications.

The course of treatment lasts from 3 weeks. If appropriate, it is repeated after 1-1.5 months.

The highest daily dose for intracavitary administration is 70 ml.

Instructions for use of Dioxidin in the ear

To treat otitis media, it is usually customary to use antibiotics and vasoconstrictor drugs. However, in cases where they are not effective, Dioxidin becomes the drug of choice, a feature of which is its effectiveness against anaerobic bacteria.

Before instilling the medicine, it is recommended to clean the ear canal from wax using a cotton swab soaked in a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution or special cotton swabs (for convenience, the auricle is slightly pulled back). If the ear is very dirty, leave the tampon with peroxide in it for about 5 minutes.

In case of purulent otitis media, which is often accompanied by perforation of the eardrum and discharge of pus, all purulent contents are first removed from the ear canal before instillation.

For otitis, Dioxidin should be injected simultaneously into the nose and into the ear canal. The solution effectively sanitizes the nasal cavity and stops the inflammatory process in it, and since the nose is connected to the ear by the Eustachian tube, relieving the inflammatory process in the nose has a beneficial effect on the situation as a whole.

The dose and frequency of instillations are selected individually in each specific case and exclusively by the attending physician.

According to the instructions for use, Dioxidin drops are prohibited from being prescribed to patients under 18 years of age. However, in some situations, when it is not possible to achieve an effect using other means, pediatricians prescribe the medicine even to small children.

Instructions for use of Dioxidin in the nose

Prescription of Dioxidna in ampoules into the nose is used when it is necessary to treat certain forms of rhinitis, as well as for sinusitis.

For the treatment of adult patients, the drug should be pre-diluted with NaCl solution, hydrocortisone or water for injection before instillation. Dosage in the nose for an adult - from 2 drops to ⅓ pipette. Dioxdin drops are dripped into the nose 3 to 5 times a day. More precisely, the dose and the required frequency of procedures are determined by the attending physician.

The maximum duration of treatment should not exceed 7 days. If after this period the patient does not show improvement, he requires careful examination and, based on his results, appropriate treatment.

There are no official instructions for the use of Dioxidin in the nose for children. However, if appropriate, doctors also use the drug to treat children. Before instilling Dioxidin into the nose, the solution should be diluted to a concentration of 0.1-0.2%. As in the situation with adults, the doctor selects the treatment regimen individually.

As a rule, Dioxidin is administered to a child's nose 1-2 drops 2 or 3 times a day for 3-5 (maximum 7) days.

Inhalations with Dioxidin for adults

Inhalation therapy is one of the main types of treatment for respiratory tract diseases.

To prepare a solution for inhalation, the medicine is diluted with physiological solution in a ratio of 1:4 for a drug with a concentration of 1% and in a ratio of 1:2 for a drug with a concentration of 0.5%.

For one procedure, 3 to 4 ml of the resulting solution is used. The frequency of procedures is 2 times a day.

Dioxidin ointment: instructions for use

The ointment is applied topically. It is recommended to apply a thin layer to the affected area of ​​the body once a day. The course of treatment is up to three weeks.

Overdose

In case of an overdose of Dioxidin, acute adrenal insufficiency may develop, which requires immediate discontinuation of the drug and the appointment of appropriate hormone replacement therapy.

Interaction

For patients with hypersensitivity to hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide, Dioxidin is prescribed in combination with antihistamines or calcium preparations.

Terms of sale

Storage conditions

Dioxidin is included in List B. It is recommended to store the medicine in a light-protected place, out of the reach of children. Optimum storage temperature°C.

Best before date

special instructions

Prescription of Dioxidin is resorted to only in cases where the use of other antimicrobial drugs (including carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins of the II-IV generations) did not produce the expected effect.

For patients with chronic renal failure, the dosage regimen should be revised towards a lower dose.

When administered intravenously, Dioxidin has a narrow therapeutic range, which requires constant monitoring of compliance with the recommended dosage regimen.

To prevent the development of side effects, treatment with Dioxidin is supplemented with the prescription of antihistamines and calcium supplements. If adverse reactions do occur, the dose is reduced and the patient is prescribed antihistamines.

In some cases, the occurrence of adverse reactions is a reason to discontinue the drug.

If pigment spots appear on the skin, the dose should be reduced, while increasing the duration of its administration (a single dose is administered over one and a half to two hours) and supplementing the therapy with antihistamines.

If crystals appear in ampoules with the drug during storage (usually if the temperature drops below 15°C), it is recommended to dissolve them by heating the ampoules in a water bath (the water should boil) and shaking them periodically until the crystals are completely dissolved.

The solution should be completely transparent. If, after cooling it to 36-38°C, crystals do not form, Dioxidin is considered suitable for use.

During the period of treatment with the drug, care should be taken when driving vehicles, engaging in activities that are potentially hazardous to health and life, as well as performing work that requires a high speed of psychomotor reactions.

Analogs

Dioxidin for children

The drug is not intended for the treatment of children and adolescents under 18 years of age. This contraindication is mainly due to the possible toxic effect of hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide.

However, in certain situations, when the expected benefit to the child outweighs the potential risks, the doctor may neglect this limitation. If Dioxidin is prescribed, treatment should be carried out in a hospital setting or under the constant supervision of the attending physician.

In pediatrics, Dioxidin solution is most often used to treat ENT diseases, mainly purulent forms of rhinitis or sinusitis. It is considered most appropriate to use a medicine with a concentration of the active substance of 0.5%.

In addition, the solution and ointment can be used to treat wound surfaces. A solution with a concentration of 0.5% is prescribed if the patient has deep lesions.

However, Dioxidin with such a dosage of the active substance should not be used for a long time. Therefore, as the condition of the wound improves, they switch to a 0.1% solution or ointment.

Dioxidin for a runny nose

The drug is not available in the form of nasal drops, therefore, before dripping Dioxidin into the child’s nose, the contents of the ampoule are diluted with a hypertonic solution to obtain a solution with a concentration of hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide of 0.1-0.2%.

It is recommended to administer nasal drops for children three times a day, one or two in each nostril, best after instilling vasoconstrictor drugs that reduce tissue swelling and facilitate nasal breathing. When carrying out the instillation procedure, the patient should tilt his head back so that the medicine penetrates as deeply as possible into the nasal passages.

It should be remembered that after opening the ampoule with the medicine, the solution is considered suitable for use within 24 hours. The maximum permissible duration of treatment for a runny nose is 1 week. However, most pediatricians recommend limiting it to 3-4 days.

In parallel with treatment with Dioxidin, it is recommended to use traditional methods of treating a runny nose (warm the nasal passages and rinse them with weak saline solutions) and monitor the air humidity in the room.

Dioxidine in the ear

Dioxidin instillation into the ear is indicated for severe forms of acute inflammation of the middle ear, in cases where the antibiotics prescribed to the child do not give the desired effect.

Before using the solution, it is recommended to thoroughly clean the ear from wax with a cotton swab.

The solution in ampoules is instilled into the ear twice a day. Moreover, for otitis media, the procedures are also supplemented with nasal drops.

The drug is not ototoxic and does not affect the auditory nerve.

Dioxidin for sinusitis

Dioxidine in ampoules is often used in the treatment of infectious processes localized in the paranasal sinuses. For sinusitis, the solution is used in the form of inhalations or as nasal drops. Drops are administered two or three into each nasal passage. The procedures are repeated 2 times a day.

To treat sinusitis, complex drops can also be used, which are prepared using solutions of dioxidine, adrenaline and hydrocortisone. Complex drops are administered one into each nasal passage 4-5 times during the day.

Compound drops are prepared according to a prescription prescribed by a doctor in a pharmacy or at home.

Dioxidin for inhalation

Reviews indicate that prescribing inhalations to children using Dioxidin solution can effectively treat persistent cough. In addition, the use of the medicine helps to disinfect the nasal passages and paranasal sinuses, provokes the death of pathogens in the bronchi and pharynx, and also eliminates nasal congestion and prevents the separation of purulent secretions.

It is recommended to do inhalations with Dioxidin for children using a nebulizer. As a rule, this method is used for persistent bronchitis that cannot be treated with other antibacterial drugs.

For inhalation, a 0.5% solution is prescribed. Before the procedure, it should be diluted with a hypertonic solution in a ratio of 1:2. The duration of inhalation is from 3 to 4 minutes. The frequency of procedures is 2 times a day.

Dioxidin for gargling

The advisability of using a solution for gargling is due to the ability of hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide to eliminate infection, clean the infected surface and accelerate the regeneration of the mucous membrane.

These features of the drug contribute to the healing process in case of purulent bacterial infections provoked by microflora sensitive to Dioxidin in case of ineffectiveness of other prescribed antibacterial agents or if they are poorly tolerated by the patient.

Rinsing with the solution is prescribed for pharyngitis, sore throat, tonsillitis, and only in severe cases when other drugs do not help.

To prepare a solution for rinsing, the contents of one ampoule of a one percent solution of Dioxidin are diluted in a glass of warm drinking water, water for injection or isotonic NaCl solution.

A small amount of liquid is taken into the mouth and, throwing the head back, gargle for a few seconds. After this, the solution is spat out, and rinsing is continued until the solution is completely used. The procedure is repeated three times a day.

The course of treatment with rinsing with Dioxidin solution is 5 days (unless otherwise recommended by the attending physician).

During pregnancy

The pharmacological properties of Dioxidin make its use unacceptable during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

The medicine can cause disruption of embryogenesis and negatively affect the development of the fetal nervous system. Absorbed from the surface of the mucous membranes into the systemic bloodstream, it is able to penetrate into breast milk, and through it into the child’s body.

Reviews about Dioksidin

Reviews about Dioxidin are quite contradictory. Most patients to whom it was prescribed describe the drug as a very effective remedy, especially for diseases accompanied by a purulent-septic process.

Negative reviews are due to the fact that the drug is quite toxic (its therapeutic dose is only slightly less than the toxic one), and its use is often accompanied by unwanted side effects.

Reviews of the ointment allow us to conclude that Dioxidin in this dosage form does not cause irritation to the skin, stimulates tissue healing and generally has a beneficial effect on the wound process, however, with prolonged use, microorganisms develop resistance to the drug.

Dioxidin is used primarily as a reserve agent, that is, its help is resorted to only in extreme cases.

The instructions clearly indicate that the drug is intended exclusively for the treatment of adult patients, but it is often used to treat otolaryngological diseases in children.

Despite the fact that Dioxidin does not have an evidence base that would confirm the safety of its use in pediatrics, nasal drops, according to reviews left on the Internet, are a fairly effective remedy for such forms of pathological runny nose as, for example, purulent rhinitis.

Meanwhile, Dioxidin is not included in the standards for the treatment of ENT diseases, and there is no official data on its use as nasal drops. Thus, when prescribing this drug to a child, both the doctor and parents (if they agree with the prescribed treatment regimen) act at their own peril and risk.

It should be noted that until now, the use of the medicine has not been associated with any complications or negative consequences for the child’s body.

Dioxidine price, where to buy

The price of Dioxidin differs depending on the form of release of the drug. For example, the average price of Dioxidin in ampoules with a concentration of hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide is 0.5% (this form is used to prepare nasal drops) is rubles.

The cost of packaging ampoules with a 1% solution is from 327 to 795 rubles (depending on the manufacturer and the number of ampoules in the package). Ointment for external use can be purchased for approximately 285 rubles.

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Dioxidine

Instructions for use:

Prices in online pharmacies:

Dioxidin is an antibacterial drug from the group of quinoxaline derivatives. It has a wide spectrum of action, providing an antibacterial and bactericidal effect on various pathogens - staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pathogenic anaerobes, and some bacterial strains that are resistant to other antibiotics.

pharmachologic effect

The active ingredient is hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide. Dioxidin is used in the treatment of various purulent-inflammatory processes caused by Salmonella, Klebsiella, staphylococci, Proteus vulgaris, dysentery bacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, streptococci, and pathogenic anaerobes. Promotes rapid cleansing and healing of wound surfaces. Also stimulates reparative regeneration. Widely used in pediatrics in the treatment of rhinitis of various origins.

Release form

The drug Dioxidin is produced in the form of a solution and ointment for external use.

  • Dioxidine in ampoules of 0.5% and 1% solution. For local and intracavitary use. 10 ml and 20 ml in an ampoule. 10 pieces per pack;
  • Ointment for external use 5%. In tubes of 25 mg, 30 mg, 30 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg, 100 mg.

Indications for use of Dioxidin

Dioxidin is used in the treatment of purulent diseases caused by various bacterial infections.

Externally used for:

  • Infected burns;
  • Non-healing wounds and trophic ulcers, as well as for the healing of deep and superficial wounds of various locations;
  • Soft tissue phlegmon;
  • Purulent wounds with osteomyelitis.

Intracavitary administration of Dioxidin in ampoules is used for:

  • Purulent processes in the chest and abdominal cavity;
  • Lung abscesses;
  • Peritonitis;
  • For purulent pleurisy and pleural empyema;
  • Cystitis;
  • Wounds with deep purulent cavities. These may be pelvic cellulitis, soft tissue abscesses, purulent mastitis, postoperative wounds of the urinary and biliary tract.

Contraindications

Dioxidin according to the instructions is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to the active substance - hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide, and in case of adrenal insufficiency.

The drug is not used during pregnancy and lactation, as well as in childhood.

Dioxidin is prescribed with caution according to the instructions for renal failure. If necessary, the dose of the drug can be reduced.

In pediatrics, nasal drops with Dioxidin are often used in the treatment of rhinitis and sinusitis. Being an antibiotic, the drug successfully treats these diseases of almost any origin, providing anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and decongestant effects. To use Dioxidin in the nose, use a 0.5% solution of the drug and instill it into each nostril 4-5 times. Before use, you should consult an ENT doctor.

Instructions for use of Dioxidin

Most often, Dioxidin is used in hospital settings. A 1% solution of the drug is usually not used for intravenous injection (due to the instability of the drug when stored at low temperatures). Use 0.1-1% solutions, for which the drug is diluted with water for injection or sodium chloride solution.

External use of Dioxidin:

  • For the treatment of deep purulent wounds with osteomyelitis - in the form of baths with a 0.5-1% solution. Less commonly, special treatment of the wound is carried out by injecting the drug for a minute, then apply a bandage with a 1% solution of Dioxidine. If the drug is well tolerated, treatment can be carried out daily for 1.5-2 months;
  • When treating superficial infected purulent wounds, wipes soaked in a 0.5-1% solution of Dioxidin are applied to the wound. When treating deep wounds, they are loosely tamponed with tampons pre-moistened in a 1% solution. If there is a drainage tube, a 0.5% solution, from 20 to 100 ml, is injected into the cavity;
  • To prevent infections after operations, Dioxidin is used in the form of a 0.1-0.5% solution.

For intracavitary administration, a catheter, syringe or drainage tube is used. A 1% solution of the drug is injected into the purulent cavity; the dose depends on the size of the cavity, usually ml per day. Usually the drug is administered once a day. The maximum daily dose is 70 ml. Treatment can be continued for three weeks or more if indicated and well tolerated.

Side effects

With intracavitary administration of Dioxidin, the following may occur:

  • Temperature increase;
  • Chills;
  • Headache;
  • Convulsive muscle contractions;
  • Vomiting or nausea;
  • Allergic reactions.

When used externally, periwound dermatitis may develop.

Also, sometimes when using Dioxidin, pigment spots may appear on the skin. In these cases, the time of administration of a single dose is increased, the dose of the drug is reduced, and antiallergic drugs are prescribed. In cases where this prevention does not bring results, the drug is discontinued.

Treatment with Dioxidin begins after a tolerance test is carried out - in the absence of side effects, within 3-6 hours after introducing 10 ml of a 1% solution into the cavity.

Dioxidin is prescribed when other antibacterial drugs (carbapenems, cephalosporins of II-IV generations or fluoroquinolones) are ineffective.

Storage conditions

Dioxidin is available by prescription. Shelf life – 2 years. Should be stored at a temperature between 18° and 25°C. If crystals of the active substance fall out during storage of the drug, the ampoules are heated in a water bath and shaken until completely dissolved. If, as it cools to 36-38°C, crystals do not fall out, then the drug can be used.

Dioxidin solution 1% 10 ml N1 amp

Dioxidin solution 1% 10 ml

Dioxidin 10 mg/ml solution 5 ml No. 10 ampoules /Novosibkhimpharm/

Dioxidin solution 1% 10 ml N1 fl

Dioxidin solution 1% 5 ml 3 pcs.

Dioxidin solution d/nar. and v/p approx. 10mg/ml amp. 10ml No. 3

Dioxidin solution 1% 10 ml 3 pcs.

Information about the drug is generalized, provided for informational purposes and does not replace official instructions. Self-medication is dangerous to health!

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Source: http://www.neboleem.net/dioksidin.php

Dioxidin: instructions for use

The drug Dioxidin is an antibacterial agent belonging to the quinoxaline group. Used in many areas of medicine.

Release form and composition of the drug

The drug Dioxidin is available in the form of a solution intended for intracavitary and external use. The solution has a concentration of 1% and is available in 10 ml transparent glass ampoules, in cardboard packs with detailed instructions. The contents of the ampoule are sterile; the medicine may have a yellowish or greenish tint.

The main active ingredient of the drug is hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide. One ampoule of the drug contains 100 mg of active substance. Water for injection acts as an auxiliary component.

Pharmacological properties of the drug

The drug Dioxidin is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent, a derivative of quinoxaline. The active substance of the solution has pronounced chemotherapeutic activity against infectious processes caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, dysentery bacillus, salmonella, staphylococcus, streptococcus, gas gangrene pathogens, and Klebsiella. The drug is active even against those bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and chemotherapy drugs.

With prolonged use of the solution, bacteria can develop immunity and become resistant. When administering the drug intravenously, the dose prescribed by the doctor should be strictly followed. When used externally as a means for treating wounds and purulent foci, it promotes rapid cleansing of the pathological surface from crusts and purulent contents, stimulates the processes of regeneration and epithelization of damaged tissues.

Indications for use

Dioxidin solution is prescribed to patients for the treatment and prevention of the following pathological processes:

  • Inflammatory infectious processes caused by pathological microflora - the drug is prescribed when antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic agents are ineffective;
  • Wound surfaces of varying severity and depth;
  • Trophic ulcers that do not heal for a long period of time;
  • Burns of varying degrees with the addition of a secondary bacterial infection;
  • Treatment of soft tissue phlegmon;
  • Suppurating wound surfaces caused by polio;

Intracavitary administration of the drug Dioxidin is prescribed for the following conditions:

  • Purulent inflammatory processes of the abdominal and thoracic cavity - peritonitis, lung abscess, cystitis, mastitis, phlegmon, postoperative wounds;
  • Complicated otitis;
  • Complicated sinusitis, sinusitis, rhinitis and other pathologies of the nasal cavity.

Contraindications for use

Dioxidin solution can only be used as prescribed by a specialist. Before starting therapy, it is recommended to carefully read the accompanying instructions, since the drug has the following contraindications:

  • Individual intolerance to the drug;
  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding period;
  • Adrenal cortex insufficiency;
  • Severe renal dysfunction, acute renal failure;
  • Children's age up to 12 years.

Method of administration and dosage of the drug

The drug Dioxidin is usually prescribed to patients in hospital settings. The drug is used in many areas of medicine - externally and internally.

If intravenous administration is necessary, the contents of the ampoule with Dioxidin are diluted to the required concentration with sterile physiological sodium hydrochloride solution. The dose and duration of drug therapy is determined by the doctor depending on the diagnosis and severity of clinical symptoms.

Treatment of wound surfaces

If it is necessary to treat open festering or poorly healing wound surfaces, lotions with dioxidine are used. To do this, a sterile gauze pad is moistened with a solution of the drug and applied to the wound. I tightly pack deep wounds with gauze turundas moistened with Dioxidine solution. If there is drainage, up to 100 ml of solution is injected into the wound cavity several times a day as an antiseptic.

To treat wounds caused by osteomyelitis, the wound surfaces are first washed with a 0.5% solution of Dioxidin, and then a gauze pad moistened with a 1% solution of the drug is applied.

The solution can be used to prevent the development of postoperative complications. To do this, the wound surface is treated daily with Dioxidin. In the absence of individual intolerance, this drug can be used for up to 1-2 months with normal tolerance.

Dioxidine in the nose

Dioxidin solution is used in the presence of complicated inflammatory processes in the nasal cavity, in particular for the treatment of sinusitis, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis and other pathologies. The nasal cavity is washed with Dioxidin solution 2-3 times a day, using a syringe for convenience. The drug has an excellent therapeutic effect in complicated sinusitis, when other drugs, including antibiotics, are ineffective. The punctured maxillary sinuses are washed with a solution of the drug 2-3 times a day, after which, if necessary, gauze turundas soaked in the solution are inserted into the nasal cavity.

Dioxidine in the ear

Dioxidin solution is prescribed to patients as an independent medicine or as part of complex therapy for purulent otitis and the spread of the pathological process to the Eustachian tube. In a hospital setting, the patient’s ear cavity is washed with a solution of the drug, after which a cotton or gauze turunda is inserted into the ear for a minute.

Intracavitary administration of the drug

A solution of the drug is injected into the purulent cavity through a catheter or drainage tube. The number of ml varies depending on the volume of the pathological cavity. As a rule, it is enough to inject the drug into the cavity once a day, using a 1% solution of Dioxidin.

The duration of drug therapy is determined by the doctor individually for each individual patient. If well tolerated and without side effects, Dioxidin can be used for up to 2 months, after which a break is taken and, if necessary, the course of therapy is repeated.

Use of the drug during pregnancy and breastfeeding

The use of Dioxidin solution while expecting a child is strictly contraindicated for women. Special studies were carried out, during which it was found that the active substance of the drug is capable of having a mutagenic and teratogenic effect on the development of the fetus in the womb; in addition, the solution is toxic to the embryo and can cause congenital deformities and anomalies.

The use of the drug during breastfeeding is contraindicated, since the active substance can penetrate into breast milk, and then into the baby’s body with food. If Dioxidin therapy is necessary during breastfeeding, it is recommended to interrupt lactation.

Side effects

During drug therapy, patients may experience the following side effects:

  • Chills, headaches, general weakness, convulsions - when the solution is injected into a vein or inside a cavity;
  • When used externally - allergic reactions in the form of burning, skin tightness, dryness, rash, swelling.

In severe cases, the patient may develop angioedema and anaphylaxis.

Drug overdose

With prolonged use of the solution intravenously or inside the cavity, overdose symptoms may develop, which are expressed in suppression of kidney function and disruption of the functioning of vital organs. If too large doses of the drug are accidentally administered orally, the patient should remain under the supervision of specialists with monitoring of important vital parameters. If necessary, symptomatic treatment is carried out.

If the allergic reactions described above develop, the patient is prescribed antihistamines, the dose of Dioxidine is reduced or therapy is stopped completely.

special instructions

The drug Dioxidin is intended only for the treatment of adult patients. Before you start using the solution, you must do a tolerance test. If there are no side effects, the drug can be used for treatment within 4 hours.

The drug is prescribed only in extreme cases in the absence of a therapeutic effect from the use of antibiotics and antibacterial drugs from the group of fluoroquinols, cephalosporins, and carbapenems.

For patients with chronic renal failure, the dose of the drug is selected strictly individually!

When storing ampoules with solution in the refrigerator, precipitation or crystals may form. In this case, before starting therapy, the ampoule is heated in hot water or over boiling water steam until the crystal is completely dissolved. Next, the solution should be cooled to the patient’s body temperature; if during this period crystals do not form again and the solution remains clear, then it can be used for treatment. If crystals form again, the medicine should be thrown away, even if it has not yet expired.

Analogues of the drug Dioxidin

The following drugs are similar in their therapeutic effect to Dioxidin solution:

Before replacing a prescribed drug with its analogue, the patient should definitely consult a doctor, since not all of these drugs have the same therapeutic activity as Dioxidin solution.

Conditions of release and storage

The drug is sold only with a prescription from a doctor. It is recommended to store the solution in a cool, dark place out of reach of children. The expiration date is indicated on the packaging; when it expires, the medicine should be thrown away.

If the integrity of the ampoule is damaged or the solution becomes cloudy, the medicine cannot be used!

The average cost of the drug Dioxidin in ampoules in Moscow pharmacies is 360 rubles per pack of 10 pieces.

Source: http://bezboleznej.ru/dioksidin