Antihistamines for children with a runny nose

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Antihistamines for coughs and runny nose

The course of most viral, bacterial, and infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract is accompanied by a runny nose and cough (dry, productive). The general course of treatment for respiratory ailments must include systemic and local antiallergic drugs - tablets, sprays, drops.

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Such compositions block H-1-histamine receptors and neutralize the “work” of external and internal irritating factors.

Thus, an allergy is usually called the hypersensitivity of the human body to certain external or internal irritants (allergens). The cause of the hyperreaction is immune disorders. Many colds are associated with allergic manifestations and, as a result, complex therapy for these “requires” the use of systemic antihistamines.

Properties of drugs

Antihistamines solve several medical problems at once: they help relieve congestion during a runny nose, relieve swelling, cope with excessive lacrimation, eliminate a sore throat and dry cough. The main purpose of taking such medications is to minimize the effects of exposure to the allergen on the body.

Any antihistamine taken for an allergic cough has:

  • antipruritic;
  • local anesthetic;
  • decongestants;
  • antispastic;
  • sedative properties.

Important! Antiallergic drugs prevent bronchospasm, which is caused by the action of histamine and histamine-like substances. Antihistamines are available in various dosage forms; many combination cold preparations contain antiallergic components.

Indications for use

Antihistamines are prescribed to patients who have a history of complex allergic manifestations and signs of anaphylaxis. In addition, it is advisable to take tablets and capsules for allergies if the body is prone to a hypertrophied reaction to an irritant, with seasonal allergies, hay fever, and dermatitis.

Combined spray for runny nose

Deterioration of the patient's general condition due to respiratory ailments (laryngitis, laryngeal stenosis, tracheitis, colds), nocturnal, barking cough are indications for taking systemic antiallergic compounds. It is noteworthy that the use of antihistamines allows you to cope (avoid) the toxic effects on the body of other medications.

Antihistamines for colds

Deconhexants (a type of antiallergic drug) help reduce swelling of the nose, as a result of which the pressure in the “local” vessels decreases, breathing becomes easier. Deconhexants are available in the form of tablets, sprays, and are present in combination cold medications. Nasal medications are used for up to 3 days, and systemic medications for up to 7 days.

Systemic drugs

Modern antihistamines, which are prescribed for coughs of both colds and allergies, are divided into drugs of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generations. Thus, first-generation drugs have been on the pharmacological market for quite a long time; it is believed that such tablets (drops) can quickly relieve allergic symptoms without consequences for the body. True, in practice, taking such drugs results in drowsiness, weakness, lethargy, and deterioration of mental activity.

Complex treatment of childhood colds involves taking antiallergic drugs

Important! First-generation antihistamines demonstrate an effect almost immediately after administration; these tablets (capsules) are taken 3-4 times a day to ensure a more sustainable result. It is noteworthy that most medications are addictive and are therefore taken in short courses.

Examples of first generation antiallergic drugs:

Second generation antihistamines “work” much more gently and are not addictive. They are taken according to the standard regimen: 1 tablet/day (this is quite enough for a prolonged effect of the drug on the body). Prescribe medications to adult patients and children (from 1 year).

The list of II generation allergy remedies includes:

The main “merit” of third generation antihistamines is the absence of cardiotoxic effects on the body. Such drugs do not in any way affect the functioning of the heart muscle or affect the nervous system.

Medicines belonging to this group are approved for long-term use, are suitable, including for infants, are indicated for chronic allergies, and are used in complex treatment and in the prevention of colds.

III generation antihistamine systemic drugs include:

Nasal antihistamines

Allergy tablets have a lot of age and other restrictions (especially those containing hormones). Local medications are safer; they can be used for both acute and chronic allergic rhinitis. Moreover, antihistamine nasal drops are an important component of the complex treatment of any respiratory disease.

Allergens can aggravate the course of acute colds

Aerosols (sprays) are easy to dose, the compositions are evenly distributed throughout the nasal mucosa, quickly relieve allergy symptoms (eliminate swelling, ease breathing, fight a runny nose). In the complex treatment of ARVI, vasoconstrictor, antiallergic, and combined local formulations are used. Thus, the most popular nasal sprays, which can be purchased in pharmacies as soon as allergies begin, are: Nazivin, Nasonex, Allergodil, Vibrocil, Aquamaris.

Other drugs with similar effects

Next, we consider the features of the use of other groups of medications that have the same effect.

Hormonal drops

Local glucocorticosteroid medications for allergies (Nasobek, Amavis, Flixonase) have many advantages:

  • do not demonstrate a sedative effect;
  • can be used on a long-term basis (unlike system analogues);
  • do not enter the blood, “work” locally;
  • quickly relieve irritation and swelling;
  • have anti-inflammatory properties;
  • have an immunosuppressive, antipruritic effect on the ciliated epithelium.

It is better to avoid local glucocorticoid formulations for children under 12 years of age and elderly patients, as well as diabetics, those with reduced immunity and metabolic problems. Abruptly stopping the use of hormonal sprays (drops) is fraught with the development of “withdrawal syndrome”.

Non-steroidal local agents

Popular drugs in this group are Allergodil, Histimet. These sprays block H-1-histamine receptors, reduce capillary permeability - relieve itching, inflammation, help ease breathing, reduce attacks of sneezing and runny nose.

Pharmaceutical product for cleansing the nose for all types of runny nose

Important: the disadvantage of non-steroidal drugs is their sedative effect on the body, the main advantage is that they can be used in the treatment of a runny nose at any stage of its development. The effect of using Allergodil and Histimed appears after 15 minutes; the drugs can be used from a week to 6 months (including for the purpose of preventing seasonal exacerbations of allergies).

Combined formulations

Such drops, sprays, and aerosols have vasoconstrictor and antiallergic properties. A classic example is Vibrocil. This remedy demonstrates an anti-inflammatory effect and increases vascular tone.

The spray is used to quickly relieve irritation of the mucous membrane and reduce the intensity of nasal secretion production. Vibrocil is safe, does not affect the structure of the ciliated epithelium, and is not absorbed into the blood. Children under 6 years of age are prescribed Vibrocil drops rather than a spray. The drug is not intended for long-term use (up to a week), otherwise it may provoke the development of drug-induced rhinitis.

Specifics of the fight against children's allergic cough and runny nose

When selecting and drawing up a treatment regimen for a child with antiallergic drugs, one should take into account the child’s age. Thus, children from 1 month to 1 year are prescribed Zyrtec, Fenistil drops, under the supervision of a doctor - in severe cases - Suprastin injections (intramuscular) can be prescribed to infants.

First generation systemic antihistamine

For children over 1 year of age, medicinal syrups based on Desloratadine are indicated (examples: Blogir-3, Erius). Children over 2 years old take syrups (Cetrin, Claritin, Claridol), use Xyzal drops. When treating childhood allergies aged 3–6 years, all of the above medications can be used in combination with Suprastin tablets. From the age of 6, children are prescribed tablet forms of various antihistamines - for example, Cetrin, Xyzal, Levocetirizine.

Additional recommendations

It is important to understand that neither systemic nor local allergy medications, which are used for colds, sinusitis and other sinusitis, do not eliminate the cause of the problem, but only have a symptomatic effect on the body. No treatment will demonstrate the required effect unless the patient’s contact with the allergen is eliminated and the underlying disease is not treated.

Doctors recommend that people prone to allergic manifestations eliminate all provoking factors - cold, dust, tobacco smoke, household chemicals, etc. They should regularly rinse their nose with saline solution and strengthen the body's defenses.

Any antihistamines should be taken only after consultation with a doctor in order to avoid addiction, side effects and increased symptoms of allergic rhinitis under the influence of the active components of such drugs.

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ATTENTION! All information on the site is for informational purposes only and does not claim to be absolutely accurate from a medical point of view. Treatment must be carried out by a qualified doctor. By self-medicating you can harm yourself!

Source: http://superlor.ru/lechenie/antigistaminnye-preparaty-kashle-nasmorke

Antihistamines

People learned only recently how necessary antihistamines are. Seasonal, food and other allergies torment not a single person. For some, it is unbearable to be in the same room with a cat, while for others it is impossible to go outside during the flowering period, for others, taking one of the food products can be disastrous, and for others, taking certain medications can cost their lives. Some people think that only complete isolation from the allergen can protect them from illness. But often this does not help. In this case, you should start taking antihistamines that are more suitable, in terms of their pharmacological properties, in a specific situation, and then life will seem much happier and more pleasant.

Generations of antihistamines

The first antihistamines appeared in the distant 40s of the 20th century. At that time, it was believed that blocking the H1-histamine receptor would help cope with any allergy. As it turned out, not everything is so simple. For some they actually had the desired effect, but for others they turned out to be useless. It took 30 long years to determine how to block H2-histamine receptors and create the right medicine for them.

At the moment, there are 3 generations of antihistamines, and every year they are improved in order to eliminate allergic manifestations in most people.

First generation antihistamines

These simple antihistamines, better known as sedatives, are widely used for chronic allergic reactions and certain disorders of the central nervous system. The main drugs include:

Despite the fact that first-generation antihistamines have an excellent effect due to their rapid penetration through the blood-brain barrier, they have a number of serious contraindications. In addition, due to strong addiction, it is not recommended to take the drugs for more than 10 days, as they have a strong effect on the central nervous system. The psychomotor functions of the brain are also seriously affected. Additional deterioration in well-being may include:

  • lethargy;
  • dry mouth and constant thirst;
  • constipation alternating with diarrhea;
  • arrhythmia.

In extremely rare cases, first-generation antihistamines are recommended for diabetes, mental disorders, glaucoma, heart failure and peptic ulcers.

Second generation antihistamines

Despite the fact that H2-histamine receptors were identified more than 50 years ago, high-quality and correct second-generation antihistamines began to be widely used no more than 25 years ago. They are more perfect in their formula, have a wide range of effects, and do not cause drowsiness or addiction. Most of the listed properties are achieved due to the fact that these drugs have an extremely low level of permeability through the blood-brain barrier. It is important that drugs of this generation do not cause addiction.

Drugs of this generation include:

One of the side effects of second-generation antihistamines is their cardiotonic effect. They are prescribed extremely rarely to people with diseases of the cardiovascular system and they must be under the constant supervision of a specialist.

Antihistamines 3rd generation

Acting on the basis of active metabolites, 3rd generation antihistamines are recommended for almost all patients. The so-called “ingenuity of action” on which the action of the drugs is based helps to cope with long-term allergies. Due to the fact that the drugs have virtually no side effects. Third generation drugs include:

The use of third-generation drugs is indicated for long-term treatment of atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, urticaria, rhinoconjunctivitis and other allergic diseases.

Newest antihistamines

For people who need constant treatment and use of medications, the latest antihistamines are appropriate. They completely lack the addictive effect and any side effects, including cardiotoxic properties.

The newest antihistamines include:

Antihistamines during pregnancy

Even during pregnancy, seasonal or food allergies do not subside. It needs to be dealt with correctly and in a timely manner, since a child born from a mother with various allergies may later face atopic and contact dermatitis, conjunctivitis, and severe food allergies. To ensure that the irritant does not bother the woman in labor, proper and targeted treatment is required in order to eradicate the allergen.

Antihistamines during pregnancy:

Despite the fact that the drugs have a truly effective effect, even with severe allergies, practically none are prescribed in the first trimester of pregnancy. At this time, the main organs of the fetus are formed, as well as the nervous system, and taking any drug can greatly affect its future life. In the second trimester, you can use drugs strictly as prescribed by a doctor and under his supervision. If during this period there is an opportunity to refrain from taking it, then it is worth taking advantage of it.

Antihistamines for children

It is worth remembering that antihistamines for children are prescribed exclusively by a pediatrician. Under no circumstances should you give them at your own discretion. Depending on the specific problems and the main purpose of the drug, children under 10 years of age may be prescribed:

Some antihistamines for children are prescribed after vaccinations and to enhance the effect of antipyretic drugs such as analgin and diphenhydramine. In this case, you need to be very careful about the mucous membrane, since under the influence of the drugs it dries out greatly.

Antihistamines for children under one year of age

In order to relieve allergic reactions in children under one year of age, it is necessary to take medications exclusively as prescribed by the pediatrician. In most cases, you can refrain from doing this, but often it is a necessary necessity. Antihistamines are prescribed to children under one year of age in the form of drops or injections. The most harmless drugs include:

  • "Fenistil" in the form of drops is intended for children from 1 month;
  • "Suprastin" in the form of injections is strictly under the supervision of a pediatrician.

It is worth remembering that the fewer medications the baby takes, the better for his health.

Antihistamines make people's lives easier. But it’s worth choosing them wisely and using them correctly. In any case, it will not be superfluous to read the contraindications, find out the dosage, degree of addiction and other nuances. Having recovered from an allergy or found the right assistant in the fight against it, a person realizes how wonderful life is.

Source: http://nasmork-rinit.com/lechenie-nasmorka-dlya-vsekh/303-antigistaminnye-preparaty

Antihistamines

Medicines combined with the phrase “antihistamines” are surprisingly common in home medicine cabinets. At the same time, the vast majority of people who use these drugs do not have the slightest idea of ​​how they work, or what the word “antihistamine” even means, or what all this can lead to.

The author would be very happy to write the slogan in capital letters: “antihistamines should be prescribed only by a doctor and used strictly as prescribed by the doctor,” after which he would put a bold point and close the topic of this article. But such a situation will be very similar to the numerous warnings from the Ministry of Health regarding smoking, so we will refrain from slogans and move on to filling the gaps in medical knowledge.

allergic reactions are largely due to the fact that under the influence of certain substances (allergens) the human body produces certain biologically active substances, which, in turn, lead to the development of allergic inflammation. There are dozens of these substances, but the most active of them is histamine. In a healthy person, histamine is in an inactive state inside very specific cells (so-called mast cells). When exposed to an allergen, mast cells release histamine, leading to allergy symptoms. These symptoms are very diverse: swelling, redness, rashes, cough, runny nose, bronchospasm, decreased blood pressure, etc.

For quite some time now, doctors have been using drugs that can affect histamine metabolism. How to influence? Firstly, reduce the amount of histamine that is released by mast cells and, secondly, bind (neutralize) the histamine that has already begun to act actively. It is these drugs that are combined into the group of antihistamines.

Thus, the main point of using antihistamines is

— prevention and (or) elimination of allergy symptoms. Allergies to anyone and to anything: respiratory allergies (inhaled something wrong), food allergies (ate something wrong), contact allergies (smeared with something wrong), pharmacological allergies (treated with something that didn’t suit you) .

It should be immediately replaced that the preventive effect of any

antihistamines are not always so pronounced that there is no allergy at all. Hence the completely logical conclusion that if you know a specific substance that causes an allergy in you or your child, then the logic is not to eat an orange with suprastin, but to avoid contact with the allergen, i.e. .do not eat orange. Well, if it is impossible to avoid contact, for example, you are allergic to poplar fluff, there are a lot of poplars, but they don’t give you leave, then it’s time to get treatment.

“Classical” antihistamines include diphenhydramine, diprazine, suprastin, tavegil, diazolin, fenkarol. All these drugs have been used for many years

— experience (both positive and negative) is quite extensive.

Each of the above drugs has many synonyms, and there is not a single well-known pharmacological company that does not produce at least something antihistamine, under its proprietary name, of course. The most important thing is to know at least two synonyms in relation to drugs often sold in our pharmacies. We are talking about pipolfen, which is the twin brother of diprazine and clemastine, which is the same as tavegil.

All of the above drugs can be taken by swallowing (tablets, capsules, syrups); diphenhydramine is also available in the form of suppositories. For severe allergic reactions, when a quick effect is needed, intramuscular and intravenous injections (diphenhydramine, diprazine, suprastin, tavegil) are used.

Let us emphasize once again: the purpose of using all of the above medications is the same.

— prevention and elimination of allergy symptoms. But the pharmacological properties of antihistamines are not limited to only antiallergic effects. A number of drugs, especially diphenhydramine, diprazine, suprastin and tavegil, have more or less pronounced sedative (hypnotic, sedative, inhibitory) effects. And the general public actively uses this fact, considering, for example, diphenhydramine as an excellent sleeping pill. Suprastin with tavegil also helps you sleep well, but they are more expensive, so they are used less often.

The sedative effect of antihistamines requires special caution, especially in cases where the person using them is engaged in work that requires quick reactions, such as driving a car. Nevertheless, there is a way out of this situation, since diazolin and fenkarol have very little sedative effects. It follows that for a taxi driver with an allergic rhinitis, suprastin is contraindicated, but fenkarol will be just right.

Another effect of antihistamines

- the ability to enhance (potentiate) the effect of other substances. Doctors widely use the potentiating effect of antihistamines to enhance the effect of antipyretic and painkillers: everyone knows the favorite mixture of emergency doctors - analgin + diphenhydramine. Any drugs acting on the central nervous system, in combination with antihistamines, become noticeably more active; an overdose can easily occur, leading to loss of consciousness, and coordination disorders are possible (hence the risk of injury). As for the combination with alcohol, no one can predict the possible consequences, but it could be anything - from deep, deep sleep to very delirium tremens.

Diphenhydramine, diprazine, suprastin and tavegil have a very undesirable side effect

- “drying” effect on mucous membranes. This often results in dry mouth, which is generally tolerable. But the ability to make sputum in the lungs more viscous is already more relevant and very risky. At least, the thoughtless use of the four above-mentioned antihistamines for acute respiratory infections (bronchitis, tracheitis, laryngitis) significantly increases the risk of pneumonia (thick mucus loses its protective properties, blocks the bronchi, disrupts their ventilation - excellent conditions for the proliferation of bacteria that cause pneumonia) .

The effects that are not directly related to the antiallergic effect are very numerous and are expressed differently in each drug. The frequency of administration and dose are varied. Some medications are okay during pregnancy, others are not. The doctor should know all this, and the potential patient should be careful. Diphenhydramine has an antiemetic effect, diprazine is used to prevent motion sickness, tavegil causes constipation, suprastin is dangerous for glaucoma, stomach ulcers and prostate adenoma, fenkarol is not advisable for liver diseases. Suprastin can be taken by pregnant women, fenkarol should not be taken in the first three months, tavegil should not be taken at all.

With all the pros and cons

Antihistamines, all of the above drugs have two advantages that contribute to their wide distribution. Firstly, they really help with allergies and, secondly, their price is quite affordable.

The last fact is especially important, since pharmacological thought does not stand still, but it is also expensive. New modern antihistamines are largely devoid of the side effects of classical drugs. They do not cause drowsiness, are used once a day, do not dry out the mucous membranes, and the antiallergic effect is very active. Typical representatives

- astemizole (Gismanal) and claritin (loratadine). This is where knowledge of synonyms can play a very significant role - at least, the difference in price between Nashensky (Kyiv) loratadine and non-Nashensky Claritin will quite allow you to subscribe to the magazine “My Health” for six months.

For some antihistamines, the preventive effect significantly exceeds the therapeutic effect, i.e. they are used mainly for the prevention of allergies. Such agents include, for example, sodium cromoglycate (intal)

- the most important drug for preventing attacks of bronchial asthma. To prevent asthma and seasonal allergies, for example, to the flowering of certain plants, ketotifen (zaditen, astafen, broniten) is often used.

Histamine, in addition to allergic manifestations, also increases the secretion of gastric juice. There are antihistamines that selectively act in this direction and are actively used to treat gastritis with high acidity, gastric and duodenal ulcers

- cimetidine (Histac), ranitidine, famotidine. I am reporting this for completeness of information, since antihistamines are considered only as a means for treating allergies, and the fact that they can also successfully treat stomach ulcers will certainly be a discovery for many of our readers.

However, antiulcer antihistamines are almost never used by patients on their own, without a doctor’s recommendation. But in the fight against allergies, mass experiments of the population on their bodies

- rather the rule than the exception.

Considering this sad fact, I will allow myself some advice and valuable instructions for lovers of self-medication.

1. Mechanism of action

antihistamines are similar, but there are still differences. It often happens that one medicine does not help at all, but the use of another quickly gives a positive effect. In short, a very specific drug is often suitable for a particular individual, but why this happens is not always clear. At the very least, if after 1-2 days of taking there is no effect, the drug must be changed, or (on the advice of a doctor) treated with other methods or drugs from other pharmacological groups.

2. Frequency of oral administration:

Diphenhydramine, diprazine, diazolin, suprastin

3. Average single dose for adults

- 1 tablet. I do not give children's doses. Adults can experiment on themselves as much as they want, but I will not encourage experiments on children. Antihistamines should only be prescribed to children by a doctor. He will select the dose for you.

Fenkarol, diazolin, diprazine

Taking diphenhydramine, claritin and tavegil with food is fundamentally unrelated.

5. Admission deadlines. Basically, anyone

It makes no sense to take an antihistamine (of course, except for those used prophylactically) for more than 7 days. Some pharmacological sources indicate that you can swallow for 20 days in a row, others report that, starting from the 7th day of use, antihistamines themselves can become a source of allergies. Apparently, the following is optimal: if after 5-6 days of taking the need for antiallergic drugs has not disappeared, the medicine should be changed,

- took diphenhydramine for 5 days, switched to suprastin, etc. - fortunately, there is plenty to choose from.

6. It makes no sense to use

antihistamines “just in case” along with antibiotics. If your doctor prescribes an antibiotic and you are allergic to it, you should stop taking it immediately. Antihistamine medicine will slow down or weaken the manifestations of allergies: we will notice later that we will have time to get more antibiotics, then we will take longer to be treated.

7. Reactions to vaccinations, as a rule, have nothing to do with allergies. So there is no need to insert tavegil-suprastin into children prophylactically.

8. And lastly. Please keep antihistamines away from children.

published 12/01/:15

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Alyona

overlook

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Olga Kazakhstan, Astana

mother Russia, Sterlitamak

Nightly_F Russia, St. Petersburg

Nightly_F Russia, St. Petersburg

sinichka Russia, Novosibirsk

Taynova Russia, Korolev

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Is there another way out when there is a whole “bouquet” of diseases requiring the use of such drugs?

I have been using antihistamines for about 20 years (initially on a doctor’s prescription, and then on my own) for various reasons (neurodermatitis, ulcers, allergic conjunctivitis and seasonal rhinitis). When you use medications constantly, you stop thinking about the fact that it might be unsafe.

Guest

the state of the immune system, that is, it needs to be strengthened,

But medications only relieve symptoms.

A small example from life: my friend’s little son

constantly suffered from allergic reactions,

then it turned into bronchial asthma, medications helped little. So she sent the boy to the village for the whole summer - this was a couple of years ago, where he was fed goat's milk.

The result is that bronchial asthma disappeared, as if it never existed. There were no relapses.

Guest

Guest

Guest

Thank you so much for your article!

My immunity has recently decreased very much, I’ve been sick almost constantly since the end of January, in the winter I had anaphylactic shock due to Novocaine, and then off and on: some strange infections worsened (for example, in March I got sick, as my therapist called it, “ ARVI": there were 9 herpes on the lips, severe swelling of the throat, fever, but there was no runny nose/cough, etc.).

I took packs of antibiotics (prescribed), then in April-May I was treated for an STD that came from nowhere.

As a result, I have had a runny nose for about two weeks now. I have never had any allergies to anything.

As sad as it is, we increasingly have to classify ourselves as “self-medicating enthusiasts.” We don’t have normal specialists in our city, and it’s impossible to get to them at all.

And even if you go to an appointment, they make an appointment without any additional examinations - the same thing for everyone. It turns out that “we treat one thing, and cripple another.”

Now I don’t know whether I should take Immunal or if it will ruin everything for me. And there is simply nowhere to get examined. For now I’ll try suprastin, but even that doesn’t solve the problem.

In general, with us it’s “better not to get sick.” But if it turns out that diseases come one after another, all that remains is to hope for qualified help on the Internet - at least just informational.

Thank you for your work!

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Antihistamines for children: review of the most effective

Histamine is constantly present in the body of a child and an adult, and in the presence of risk factors as a result of contact with the environment, it begins to be produced in excess quantities, provoking violent signs of allergies, characterized by rashes and redness on the skin. To neutralize such effects, antihistamines are used for children before vaccinations, when teething in children, and when coughing.

Antihistamines for children provide serious assistance in the treatment of colds, allowing them to avoid the appearance of signs of allergies during a runny nose, cold, or acute respiratory viral infection in a child. Untimely treatment can transform the disease into a chronic form, even before the appearance of deep dermatitis on the skin and the development of bronchial asthma with bronchitis.

Types of antihistamines

According to the method of action, drugs are divided into three main groups - generations, the list of which is quite large:

First generation antihistamines

They are currently in demand despite the long period of use; they cause the desired effect without undesirable consequences. Some first-generation antihistamines are also used as sedatives. These medications suppress the nervous system, which causes fatigue and drowsiness. They have a therapeutic effect almost immediately, and they need to be taken up to 3-4 times a day to maintain the duration of action. It can become addictive, so you shouldn’t abuse them:

  • Dimetindene (Fenistil®);
  • Diphenhydramine (Diphenhydramine);
  • Clemastine (Tavegil®);
  • Mebhydrolin (Diazolin®);
  • Meclozine (Bonin);
  • Promethazine (Pipolfen®);
  • Chlorphenamine;
  • Chloropyramine (Suprastin®);
  • Sehifenadine (Histafen®);
  • Hifenadine (Fenkarol).

Second generation drugs

They have a more gentle effect, are not addictive, one tablet is enough for prolonged effects throughout the day, and are recommended for use as antihistamines for children over 1 year of age. These drugs effectively prevent the risk of complications of atopic dermatitis. The list includes:

  • Azelastine (Allergodil®);
  • Acrivastine (Semprex®);
  • Astemizole (Gismanal®);
  • Loratadine (Claridol; Clarisens®, Claritin®)
  • Terfenadine (Trexyl®);
  • Cetirizine (Zyrtec®, Cetrin®);
  • Ebastine (Kestin®).

Third generation drugs

The next, third type of antihistamines acts selectively and does not have a cardiotoxic effect: they act without affecting the heart muscle and central nervous system, so they can be used as antihistamines for children under one year of age, for the prevention and treatment of long-term allergic reactions. Third generation antihistamines:

  • Levocetirizine (Xyzal®);
  • Desloratadine (Erius ® );
  • Fexofenadine (Allerfex®, Telfast®).

When are antihistamines used?

Due to the imperfection of the immune system, the child’s body is prone to uncontrolled manifestations of allergies. In these cases, the use of antihistamines is the safest way to neutralize possible negative consequences.

Indications for the use of antihistamines are:

  1. Previously observed complex allergic manifestations or signs of anaphylactic shock;
  2. Predisposition to allergic reactions;
  3. Seasonal or year-round allergic reactions (including conjunctivitis, rhinitis);
  4. Hay fever (hay fever);
  5. Dermatitis (including atopic), dermatoses, atopic eczema, urticaria, other skin rashes;
  6. Scheduled vaccinations (in case of risk of developing allergic reactions), as well as in the event of allergic reactions after vaccination;
  7. Itching of the skin, including during infectious diseases (for example, chickenpox);
  8. Deterioration of the child’s general condition due to respiratory tract diseases: laryngitis, laryngeal stenosis, cough (including allergic cough, night or barking cough);
  9. High levels of eosinophils in the blood test;
  10. Insect bites accompanied by an allergic reaction;
  11. Quincke's edema;
  12. Allergic reaction to medications or the risk of its occurrence.

How to use antihistamines correctly depending on the age of the child?

When selecting antiallergic drugs, you must strictly adhere to the doctor’s recommendations and the child’s age.

  1. Children from 1 month to 1 year. Drops: Fenistil®, Zyrtec® (from 6 months). In severe cases, intramuscular injections of Suprastin are prescribed under the supervision of a physician;
  2. Children over 1 year old. Preparations with Desloratadine in the form of syrup: Erius®, Blogir-3®;
  3. Children over 2 years old. Xyzal® in drops, preparations in the form of syrup based on Loratadine (Claritin®, Claridol), Cetrin® syrup;
  4. Children from 3 to 6 years old. All the drugs listed above, as well as Suprastin® tablets. For allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, Allergodil® drops are used.
  5. Children over 6 years old. Drugs in tablet form: Xyzal®, Levocetirizine, Cetrin®.

Important! Children under 1 year of age should use antihistamines with extreme caution, since the sedative effect of first-generation drugs may be accompanied by cases of sleep apnea (breathing cessation).

Which doctor will prescribe antihistamines?

Self-medication can be dangerous for the reason that it is very easy to confuse allergy symptoms with manifestations of other diseases and start treatment at the wrong time using an antiallergic drug. In addition, the dosage must be selected individually, depending on the severity of the allergy and complex therapy in combination with other medications, taken in tablets or syrup.

If you have a cough or fever, you should contact your pediatrician; if you have acute reactions to insect bites, rashes or redness, you should contact an ambulance.

Long-term signs of allergies are treated by specialized specialists - a dermatologist, ophthalmologist, pulmonologist - depending on the degree of localization of the signs of the disease.

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Remember that only a doctor can make a correct diagnosis; do not self-medicate without consultation and diagnosis by a qualified doctor.

Source: http://lechenie-baby.ru/aptechka/antigistaminnye-preparaty.html

Treatment of rhinitis (runny nose) in adults and children. Drugs for the treatment of rhinitis

What is rhinitis ( runny nose )?

This article will discuss the treatment of rhinitis, since this disease is most often associated with a runny nose in most people.

Treatment of rhinitis in adults and children

Treatment of rhinitis at home

  • nasal instillation;
  • use of ointments;
  • taking tablets;
  • carrying out inhalation therapy;
  • compliance with a special regime.

Nasal instillation to treat rhinitis

Medicines for such procedures are available in the form of drops or sprays. Depending on the effect they provide, nasal medications are divided into several groups.

The use of ointments in the treatment of rhinitis

Funds included in the group

The first symptoms of viral rhinitis. The use of these drugs in the active phase of the disease is ineffective.

Increases the body's endurance against various viral agents.

Rhinitis, accompanied by a complication in the form of a bacterial infection.

Suppress the action of bacteria, promote active restoration of the mucous tissues of the nasal cavity.

  • Vishnevsky ointment;
  • tetracycline;
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Bactroban;
  • miramistin.

Non-allergic rhinitis at any stage.

They have a complex effect, providing a regenerating and antiseptic effect.

  • pinosol;
  • levomekol;
  • evamenol.

Initial stages of catarrhal rhinitis. Apply to the outer surface of the wings of the nose.

Reduce nasal congestion and have a mild analgesic effect.

  • balm “Star”;
  • Dr. IOM;
  • Fleming's ointment.

All of the above ointments are not used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Taking tablets for rhinitis

  • Remantadine.An antiviral agent that should be used only in the initial stages of the disease. When taken together with rimantadine paracetamol or acetylsalicylic acid ( aspirin ), the effectiveness of the drug is significantly reduced. Prescribed for diseases of viral origin.
  • Sinupret. Tablets made from elderberry, verbena and other herbal ingredients. Helps thin nasal secretions and also reduces inflammation. Used for non-allergic rhinitis.
  • Coryzalia. Homeopathic remedy, which includes onions, jasmine, belladonna and other components. The medicine reduces inflammation and increases the body's ability to fight disease. The drug can be used in the treatment of any non-allergic and allergic ( if there is no reaction ) rhinitis.
  • Cinnabsin. Homeopathic tablets containing echinacea, goldenseal, potassium dichromate. Cinnabsin has an anti-inflammatory effect and strengthens the immune system. It also reduces the amount of nasal discharge and reduces swelling of the mucous membrane. The drug is indicated for rhinitis of any origin.
  • Rhinopront. The tablets cause vasoconstriction, which leads to a decrease in swelling of the mucous membrane. The drug also inhibits the production of histamine, reduces the volume of nasal discharge and promotes a general improvement in the patient’s condition. Indicated for rhinitis of any type.

For bacterial rhinitis that occurs with complications, antibiotics are prescribed. Indications for antibiotic therapy are a temperature above 38 degrees, profuse nasal discharge, severe muscle pain. Before taking such drugs, it is recommended to take a test to determine the causative agent of the disease.

  • augmentin;
  • klaforan;
  • ampicillin;
  • clarithromycin;
  • amoxicillin.

In severe cases of allergic rhinitis, tablets are prescribed, which have a pronounced antihistamine effect. In addition to a stuffy nose, tablets can eliminate other manifestations of allergies.

Inhalations for rhinitis

The inhalation therapy session should be carried out one and a half hours after eating. You must stop smoking 2–3 hours before and after the procedure, as tobacco smoke irritates the mucous membranes. After completing the inhalation, it is recommended to take a horizontal position for several hours, do not go out into the open air, and avoid physical activity.

  • It is most effective to conduct a session in a sitting position;
  • the mask must completely cover the mouth and nose;
  • the drug should be inhaled and exhaled through the nose;
  • breathing should be slow and deep;
  • The duration of the session for an adult is 10 minutes, for a child – from 5 to 8 minutes;
  • If during the procedure heavy nasal discharge begins, you should pause, blow your nose and then continue the procedure.

After completing the session, the reservoir in which the drug was, as well as the mask and flexible hose, should be washed with soap and water and dried.

For inhalation with a nebulizer, drugs prescribed by the doctor are used. Such products are purchased at the pharmacy; you cannot prepare them yourself. It is prohibited to use oil solutions, herbal decoctions or tablet suspensions prepared at home in such devices. Before use, the medicine should be warmed to a temperature of 37 degrees. Most drugs for inhalation need to be diluted with saline solution.

Compliance with a special regime

  • organization of certain conditions in everyday life;
  • diet;
  • compliance with drinking ration standards.

Organization of certain conditions in everyday life

From the moment the first signs of rhinitis appear, it is recommended to remain in bed. Adults, if possible, should refuse to attend work; children should not go to kindergarten or school. It is recommended to continue bed rest for no more than 3 days. Prolonged stay in a horizontal position leads to impaired blood circulation, thermoregulation and other physiological processes. Therefore, 3 days after the first symptoms appear, you should get out of bed, walk or sit more often.

The quality and quantity of food consumed during rhinitis has a great influence on the patient's condition. In order for recovery to occur faster, you should follow some recommendations for this disease.

  • If you have no appetite, you should not make much effort to eat.
  • Portions should be small, food temperature should be medium, and the consistency of dishes should be pureed. These rules must be followed in order to minimize the load on the digestive system and not injure the mucous membrane.
  • Glucose provides favorable conditions for the life of bacteria. Therefore, if you have rhinitis, the consumption of sweet fruits, confectionery and other foods high in glucose should be minimized.
  • There are foods that promote increased mucus production. These include flour products and foods with large amounts of starch ( potatoes, corn ). This group also includes dairy products with a high fat content ( cheeses, butter, feta cheese ). The amount of mucus-forming foods in the diet of a patient with rhinitis should be minimal.
  • In small quantities, but regularly for rhinitis, garlic, horseradish, and ginger should be included in the menu. These products contain large amounts of natural antibiotics that help fight disease. In addition, these plant cultures thin mucus and promote its removal from the body.

Compliance with drinking regulations

For rhinitis, the volume of fluid consumed per day should be at least 2.5 liters. Toxins are removed from the body along with the fluid, which helps prevent intoxication of the body. Therefore, you should drink water ( tea or another drink ) even if you don’t want to. The standard temperature of the drink for rhinitis should be in the range from 45 to 55 degrees. If your body temperature is elevated, the temperature of the drinks should be 10 to 15 degrees lower than the standard temperature.

  • Freshly squeezed carrot juice. Also recommended for fresh juices are beetroot, orange, and cranberry. Before drinking the juice, it should be diluted with water in a ratio of 1 to 1 and heated.
  • Green tea with the addition of lemon, honey ( no more than one teaspoon ), mint. You can also add fresh or dry ginger and raspberry jam to tea.
  • Herbal decoctions of chamomile, rose hips, sage, coltsfoot. Drink herbal drinks with caution if you have allergic rhinitis.

Treatment of rhinitis with traditional methods

Massage for rhinitis

The principle of massage is to apply point pressure and rotational movements at certain points. The skin of the face must be washed with warm water and soap and lubricated with cream. Manipulations are carried out with fingertips, which should be warm. The pressure and rotation should be of medium intensity, so that the patient feels the force of the pressure.

  • The procedure should begin from the points that are located in the recesses above the wings of the nose. First you need to press with your index fingers, and then start rotating clockwise.
  • Then you should move to the points under the nostrils, in the place where the upper lip connects to the nose. The influence should be applied simultaneously with the index and middle fingers.
  • The next step is to massage the point that is located between the eyebrows.
  • Then you need to start massaging your temples. This must be done simultaneously with the index fingers of the right and left hands.
  • The duration of work on each point should be from 1.5 to 2 minutes.
  • It is recommended to carry out the procedure 2 – 3 times a day. After completing the session, you should drink warm tea or mint decoction and lie down for 15 - 20 minutes.

Inhalations for the treatment of rhinitis

To carry out inhalation, you need a container in which the medicinal decoction will be located. The dishes must be stable so that they do not tip over during the procedure. Also, the vessel must have high walls, since otherwise the steam will quickly spread throughout the room and the effectiveness of inhalation will be minimal. The simplest option for this procedure is a small saucepan. For children's inhalations, you can use a kettle, which should be covered with a lid, and the steam should be inhaled through the spout. To make the procedure safer, you should put a funnel made of thick cardboard on the spout of the kettle. Inhalation is carried out in several stages.
  • The solution for inhalation should be poured into the prepared container. Its temperature should vary from 50 to 60 degrees. A colder solution will minimize the benefits of inhalation; a hotter solution may cause a burn.
  • The vessel with the decoction should be placed on a table or other surface so that the patient can tilt his head over it. If inhalation is performed on a child, the kettle should be installed so that the spout is at face level.
  • The patient must be ensured a comfortable position during the procedure. To do this, he should sit on a comfortable chair. The head must be covered with a terry cloth towel. You should not carry out inhalation in a standing position, as a person may lose balance and touch a vessel with a hot solution, which will lead to a burn.
  • A session for adults should last approximately 15 minutes, for children – no more than 8 minutes. Breathing should be done only through the nose. If the solution has cooled down during inhalation, it should be diluted with hot water or a new portion of the solution at the appropriate temperature.
  • At the end of the session, you should blow your nose to clean the nasal cavity and take a horizontal position for 15 to 20 minutes. After inhalation, you should not go outside for 2–3 hours; adults should also refrain from smoking.

Since such therapeutic measures involve exposure to hot steam, great attention should be paid to safety precautions.

  • one hour before and after inhalation, it is necessary to avoid any physical activity;
  • before placing a vessel with a hot solution on a table or other surface, you should make sure that it is stable;
  • Before starting the procedure, you should place your palm under the steam in order to check its temperature;
  • if the procedure is performed on a child, before sitting him in front of the kettle, the adult must sit down and inhale the steam to check its temperature, as well as the comfort and stability of the prepared place;
  • The patient's clothing should cover the body as much as possible and at the same time be spacious.

Inhalations according to traditional recipes have a sufficient number of contraindications that should be taken into account in order to avoid complications.

  • ear pain or congestion;
  • presence of pus or blood in nasal discharge;
  • temperature exceeding 37 degrees;
  • history of heart disease;
  • respiratory failure.

Carrying out inhalation requires a conscious approach and caution from the patient. Therefore, the age at which such procedures are recommended is at least 14 years. Young children should inhale using devices specially designed for this ( steam inhalers or nebulizers ).

To prepare a solution for inhalation, mix the starting component and hot water. The total amount of solution should occupy two thirds of the volume of the vessel used for the procedure.

  • Herbal decoctions. A glass of prepared decoction is used per liter of water. To prepare the decoction, a tablespoon of dry plants should be steamed with 250 milliliters of hot water ( 80 degrees ) and left for 15 - 20 minutes. Solutions for inhalation can be prepared from thyme, chamomile, calendula, sage, and oak bark.
  • Essential oils. You should use 5 – 7 drops of essential oil per liter. It can be eucalyptus, pine, tea tree, juniper oil.
  • Sea salt. To prepare one liter of saline solution you will need 2 tablespoons of sea salt. If you don't have sea salt, you can use table salt.
  • Plant juices and extracts. For inhalation, you can use onion or garlic juice. To prepare the solution, use a teaspoon of fresh juice per liter of water. You can also carry out the procedure with aloe extract ( a tablespoon of pulp per liter of water ).

Warming for rhinitis

It is recommended to do 2-3 warming procedures per day. The last session should be before the night's rest. To warm up, heat any bulk product ( salt, buckwheat, semolina ) in a frying pan without oil and pour it into a bag. An alternative to the bag can be a handkerchief, a piece of material or a cotton sock. The bag or other device used for the compress should be tied and checked for leaks so that the hot product does not spill out during heating.

The prepared compress should be applied to the bridge of the nose for 15 – 20 minutes. After this, in the same way you need to warm up the sides of the nose on one side and the other for 5 minutes.

Foot baths for rhinitis

Before and after the procedure, it is recommended to refrain from physical activity and eating for an hour. After baths, you should not go outside, as hypothermia after heat exposure can worsen the patient’s condition.

For the bath, you should prepare a convenient container that will allow you to immerse your feet up to the middle of the shin. It is also necessary to prepare a sufficient amount of hot water and clothing that the patient will wear after the procedure.

  • Pour water into the container so that its level reaches your ankles. The water temperature at the beginning of the procedure should be no higher than 40 degrees, so that the patient gets used to it.
  • Then, after every 3 minutes, you need to add 150 - 200 milliliters of hot water to the water. The temperature of the added water is determined individually, but in order for the procedure to be effective, it must be within 70 degrees.
  • After the water level reaches the middle of your shins, you should keep your feet in the water for 5 - 7 minutes.
  • At the end of the session, dry your feet and put on warm socks. The patient's clothing should be changed as he or she may sweat during the procedure.

If you are intolerant to hot water, you can take a bath using mustard. To do this, dry mustard powder should be added to the water, the temperature of which can be 35–40 degrees. For 10 liters of water, use 50 grams of mustard. Then the feet ( up to the ankles ) should be immersed in the prepared solution until the skin on the legs turns red.

Drugs for the treatment of rhinitis

  • vasoconstrictors;
  • antiviral;
  • antibacterial;
  • thinning;
  • moisturizing;
  • hormonal;
  • antihistamines.

Vasoconstrictor drugs in the treatment of rhinitis

Validity period ( on average )

  • galazolin;
  • for nose;
  • rhinonorm;
  • xymelin;
  • otrivin;
  • xylene
  • naphthyzin;
  • naphazoline;
  • sanorin;
  • naphazoline-hemofarm.
  • tizin;
  • boiled;
  • Octilia.
  • Nesopin;
  • noxprey;
  • nazol advance;
  • Nazivin;
  • fervex spray.

Regardless of the active substance, all vasoconstrictor drugs have general indications and rules of use. Contraindications for these drugs are also the same.

  • Instillation of vasoconstrictor drugs is advisable for allergic and non-allergic rhinitis.
  • Drops should not be used in the initial and final stages of the disease. It is recommended to use such drugs in the nose only if nasal breathing is severely impaired.
  • During the day, you should use products that have a short-term effect, since nasal congestion partially goes away on its own during wakefulness. At night you need to bury your nose with drops, the effect of which lasts from 8 to 12 hours.
  • Regular use of such drugs should not exceed 6–7 days. Failure to comply with this rule may cause addiction to the medicine and the appearance of side effects ( nosebleeds, headaches ).

Contraindications for vasoconstrictor drugs include:

  • increased blood pressure;
  • increased thyroid function;
  • increased heart rate;
  • vascular atherosclerosis in expressed form;
  • atrophic rhinitis.

For diabetes, pregnancy, and breastfeeding, prior medical consultation is required before using nasal agents with a vasoconstrictor effect.

Antiviral drugs in the treatment of rhinitis

Interferon in the treatment of rhinitis

  • use of other nasal medications;
  • diseases of the circulatory system;
  • severe heart disease;
  • renal pathologies;
  • epilepsy.

Antibacterial drugs in the treatment of rhinitis

  • isofra ( based on the antibiotic framycetin );
  • polydex ( based on the antibiotics neomycin and polymyxin );
  • bioparox ( based on the antibiotic fusafungin ).

Before using any antibacterial drug, the patient must evacuate mucus from the nasal cavity. The average duration of use of such products is 7 days. If there are no positive changes on the 3rd day of therapy, the advisability of further use of the drug should be discussed with a doctor.

Thinners for rhinitis

  • Rinofluimucil ( spray ). Using a special nozzle that comes with the kit, the drug is sprayed by pressing the valve twice, alternately into each nostril 3 to 4 times a day. Rinofluimucil should not be used to treat rhinitis in children under 3 years of age. It is prohibited to use the product if there is an increased production of thyroid hormones, angle-closure glaucoma, or taking certain antidepressants.
  • Sinuforte. The product is available in powder form, complete with water for preparing the solution and a nozzle for spraying the drug. This medicine not only changes the consistency of mucus, but also stimulates its production. After instillation of the drug, the patient begins to experience increased nasal secretion within a few minutes, which can last up to 2 hours. Sinuforte is inserted into the nasal cavity by pressing the valve once, once a day. The product is made from plant materials ( European cyclamen ), so it cannot be used for allergic rhinitis.
  • Pinosol. Oil-based herbal drops. They thin out mucus and also reduce the anti-inflammatory process. The product is instilled into the nose, 1 - 2 drops in each nostril 3 - 4 times a day. Not used for rhinitis of allergic origin.

Moisturizers for the treatment of rhinitis

Preparations of this group are made from sea or mineral water, which contains salt and various minerals. The use of moisturizing preparations improves the condition of the nasal mucosa, and also helps to soften and more effectively remove nasal secretions. These funds are used as needed without restrictions.

Antihistamines in the treatment of rhinitis

  • allergodil;
  • reactin;
  • fenistil;
  • prevalin.

Before using any of these medications, the nasal cavity must be cleared of secretions.

Hormonal drugs in the treatment of rhinitis

Treatment of vasomotor rhinitis

  • physiotherapy;
  • drug treatment;
  • surgical intervention;
  • correction of associated factors.

Physiotherapy for rhinitis

Treatment of rhinitis with laser

3-4 days after the procedure, the patient should see a doctor ( in some cases, hospitalization in a hospital is indicated for this period ). The doctor removes the film, checks the condition of the mucous membrane and treats it with a special agent.

Subsequently, for 10 to 14 days, the patient should rinse the nasal cavity with saline solution.

Treatment of rhinitis with ultrasound

Electrophoresis for rhinitis

Hirudotherapy for rhinitis

The leech attaches itself to the skin and makes a shallow bite through which it begins to suck blood. After completing the session, which can last from 10 to 20 minutes, blood oozes from the wound for some time. By biting the skin, the leech injects saliva, which has a healing effect. Saliva contains the enzyme hirudin and other compounds that improve blood properties. After hirudotherapy, microcirculation in the nasal mucosa is restored, swelling decreases, and the patient begins to feel better.

Drug treatment of rhinitis

In situations where the disease is provoked by neurovegetative disorders, drugs ( Atrovent, Berodual, Seretide ) are prescribed to correct the function of the nervous system.

Surgical intervention for rhinitis

  • Septoplasty. The operation is performed in cases where the cause of the disease is a deviated nasal septum. Manipulation can be carried out using a surgical scalpel or a laser beam. The operation is performed under anesthesia ( local or general ), and the patient’s recovery lasts from 7 to 10 days, some of which he spends in the hospital.
  • Submucosal vasotomy. During the intervention, part of the blood vessels of the nasal turbinate mucosa is removed. The operation takes no more than 10 minutes and does not involve the use of general anesthesia. After vasotomy, the mucous membrane is reduced in volume, swelling subsides, and the patient’s breathing is restored. This procedure can be carried out using either a surgical instrument or a laser.
  • Conchotomy. The indication for such an operation is severe deformation of the mucous membrane and nearby tissues. It is often performed in conjunction with surgical procedures to correct the nasal septum. During the operation, the surgeon removes fragments of the mucous membrane with surgical scissors and forceps. The patient's recovery lasts from 7 to 10 days, half of which he spends in the inpatient department.

Correction of associated factors

Eliminating or limiting the influence of circumstances contributing to the exacerbation of vasomotor rhinitis is an important measure in the treatment of this disease.

  • low temperatures, cold air;
  • increased air humidity;
  • smoking, tobacco smoke;
  • inhalation of strong odors;
  • deviated nasal septum;
  • uncontrolled use of vasoconstrictor nasal agents.
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