Antibiotic for adenoids

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Is it worth taking antibiotics for adenoids in children?

What drugs are taken with antibiotics for dysbiosis. Adenoids are the most frequently diagnosed ENT pathology in childhood. The disease is protracted, characterized by frequent relapses; in the absence of proper treatment, the consequences can be very severe.

Table of contents:

You will learn further about how adenoiditis occurs, what causes it, and how to treat a child.

Adenoiditis: causes of the disease and main forms

Adenoids are an enlarged nasopharyngeal tonsil.

Most often, the disease is diagnosed in children aged 3 to 7 years and practically does not occur until the first year of life. Over time, the reverse development of adenoid vegetations is possible. This pathology does not occur in older children and adults.

The main factors causing enlarged tonsils:

  • frequent colds;
  • unfavorable heredity;
  • infections affecting the nasopharynx;
  • poor microclimate;
  • predisposition to allergies (noted in children diagnosed with sinusitis, asthma);
  • unfavorable environmental living conditions (industrial emissions, high air pollution).

Types of adenoid pathology

There are several different degrees and forms of adenoid vegetations, which determine the overall picture of the disease.

First degree: the nasopharyngeal tonsil covers only a quarter of the lumen of the nasal passages. Difficulty breathing occurs at night.

Open mouth with adenoids stages II-III

Second degree: the adenoids begin to block two-thirds of the lumen of the passages. The child finds it difficult to breathe during the day, and at night he snores.

Third degree: growths completely cover the lumen of the nose. Normal nasal breathing becomes impossible, the child breathes only through the mouth.

According to the form of the disease, it is divided into acute and chronic. Acute is accompanied by an increase in general body temperature, signs of intoxication of the body appear. Often acute adenoiditis is accompanied by tonsillitis. The chronic form is characterized by morning coughing attacks, hearing impairment, headaches, poor sleep and appetite.

Symptoms of adenoiditis

A child with chronic adenoids often walks with his mouth half open, this makes it easier for him to breathe. During the examination, the doctor pays attention to the characteristic appearance of the child: a puffy face with a slightly open mouth. Deformations of the facial skull, curvature of the nasal septum and malocclusion may be observed.

Acute second and third degree adenoids are more complicated:

  • Persistent migraines may appear;
  • sleep and appetite are disturbed;
  • body temperature is low-grade;
  • there is a chronic runny nose with thick discharge (mucous and purulent);
  • there is a persistent cough, painful sensations in the nose and throat.

In advanced cases, epileptiform seizures, enuresis, rhinolalia, neuroses, obsessive cough, and laryngospasms are noted.

Treatment methods for adenoids

Antibiotic treatment of adenoids in children is an effective method, but some parents do not want to give their child such medications. And indeed, in most cases, the matter can be helped in more gentle ways (rinsing the nasopharynx, instilling “complex drops”, using vasoconstrictor drugs, even simply installing a humidifier at home). At the same time, by refusing drug therapy, you must understand that you risk aggravating the situation. Have you decided to give an antibiotic to your child for adenoids? Do this strictly according to the schedule prescribed by your doctor so as not to cause harm to your health.

Antibiotics for adenoids in children

Doctors do not often prescribe antibiotics for adenoiditis, since aggressive medications do not always provide a lasting effect. But they negatively affect the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and excretory system of the baby.

It is advisable to use antibacterial drugs only:

  • in the case of the addition of an inflammatory component of a bacterial nature;
  • to prevent complications;
  • as part of the comprehensive preparation of a child for surgical treatment.

damage to internal tissues and organs.

* Numbers indicate years of life. For example, a value of 0.5+ indicates that the drug is suitable for use in children from six months of age.

** In addition to special contraindications, there are general ones: intolerance, allergy to the components of the drug, hypersensitivity to the drug.

Please note that after a course of antibiotic therapy you will need to restore your intestinal microflora. Antibiotics for children for instillation into the nose for adenoids should be used only after rinsing the nasopharynx with a herbal decoction or saline solution *.

* in the absence of allergic reactions and individual intolerance.

Conservative treatment

The main list of medications for the treatment of acute inflammation of the adenoids includes:

Aqueous saline solutions for nasal rinsing

Recently, the drug Dolphin has gained wide popularity. Consists of a specially designed plastic bottle and sachets containing a mixture of sea salt and calendula.

The nose must breathe freely before rinsing! Otherwise, the solution may get into the ear canals, causing inflammation.

It is necessary to dilute the contents of the package in a glass of warm boiled water and pour it into the device. Then place the blue cap of the device into one nostril. Lightly pressing on the body of the bottle ensure that the solution begins to flow out of the other open nostril. Insert the cap into the second nostril and repeat the procedure.

The drug is suitable for children from 4 years of age.

Washing with decoctions of calendula and chamomile is the most popular folk remedy. In the first two stages of the disease, washing can give good results, but keep in mind that they will have to be done daily for a long time.

Complex drops

Complex drops are combinations of several drugs. Made according to recipe.

Combination of Naphthyzine and Dioxidine in a ratio of 50/50%. Or alternate use of the first drug + after a minute of the second.

It is possible to combine Dioxidin with hormonal drops 5:1, in case of severe swelling and the impossibility of nasal breathing.

Homeopathy

Parents often began to use folk remedies because they believe that they are the safest for the baby’s immunity. Folk remedies are effective, but are not a complete replacement for drug treatment. They are best used as part of complex therapy. There is no single point of view about homeopathy - some parents and doctors consider it a placebo, while others successfully use it to treat serious diseases.

The drug Barberry Comp (Job-Baby) is a homeopathic remedy, suitable for children over 3 years old. Duration of treatment is at least two months.

Surgery

It is better not to rush to remove adenoids. Firstly, they perform an important physiological function, and secondly, they can grow back.

Key indicators for surgical removal of adenoids:

  1. The disease cannot be cured by other means.
  2. Constant ARVI, runny nose or even complete absence of nasal breathing, otitis media, apnea*, changes in bite, position of the lower jaw.

Why are adenoids dangerous?

Adenoiditis can cause serious complications. Among them:

  • chronic otitis, tonsillitis;
  • impaired speech function due to jaw deformation and malocclusion, hearing loss;
  • pronounced nasality;
  • inflammatory processes in the respiratory system, constant colds;
  • decrease in overall performance.

PS Watch an excellent video of the TV show “Dr. Komarovsky’s School” dedicated to adenoids:

Therefore, doctors can prescribe a child not only nasal rinsing, the use of drops or protargol, physiotherapeutic procedures, but also antibiotics.

Trust your health to professionals! Make an appointment with the best doctor in your city right now!

A good doctor is a general specialist who, based on your symptoms, will make the correct diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment. On our portal you can choose a doctor from the best clinics in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan and other Russian cities and receive a discount of up to 65% on your appointment.

* Clicking on the button will take you to a special page on the site with a search form and an appointment with a specialist of the profile you are interested in.

* Available cities: Moscow and region, St. Petersburg, Ekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Kazan, Samara, Perm, Nizhny Novgorod, Ufa, Krasnodar, Rostov-on-Don, Chelyabinsk, Voronezh, Izhevsk

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Medicines for the treatment of adenoids

Adenoids are an inflammatory process of the nasopharyngeal tonsil, which has a bacterial form. Most often it develops in children from 3 to 10 years old and manifests itself in the form of snoring and mucous discharge from the nasopharynx. An incompletely treated pathology can not only lead to various kinds of complications: diseases of the respiratory and digestive system, rheumatism, heart disease, but also weaken the child’s immunity. In our article we will look at which medications help with adenoids.

Treatment regimen for grade 1 and 2 adenoids

Treatment for each stage of the disease is carried out differently. As a rule, stage 3 is treated promptly; medications are used only during the recovery stage. Treatment of grade 1 adenoids is carried out in the vast majority of cases conservatively. However, some specialists prefer not to carry out drug intervention, expecting that when the child grows up, the problem will go away on its own.

But such measures in relation to children 3-4 years old are unacceptable, since with complicated immunity, colds often occur, resulting in vegetation of lymphoid tissue.

Most often, therapeutic actions include:

  1. Immunostimulating agents developed on a plant basis, for example, Immunal, Echinacea tincture.
  2. Rinse your sinuses daily. Most often, physical is used for this. solution, Aquamaster, Aqualor. If adenoiditis is in the acute stage, then this cleansing should be carried out as often as possible.
  3. Timely treatment of dental problems.
  4. Regular hardening procedures.
  5. Glucocorticosteroids, which can be prescribed from 3 years of age, will help relieve exacerbation. These drugs are available in the form of sprays, for example, Avamis.
  6. Physiotherapy should be used exclusively to relieve the exacerbation, as a rule, this is laser therapy, magnetic therapy.
  7. Inhalations using a nebulizer with mucolytic drugs dilute viscous mucus well. Most often, Lazolvan and Ambroxol, diluted with saline, are used for these purposes. solution.

Treatment of grade 2 adenoids is not always carried out conservatively, since in some cases, based on the severity of the disease and the condition of the child, doctors strongly recommend surgical intervention. Typically, drug therapy is carried out according to the following scheme:

  1. First of all, it is necessary to clean the child’s nasal passages, thereby reducing the inflammatory process. Typically, Aqualor, Aquamaster, Furacilin solution, Miramistin are used for these purposes.
  2. To thin viscous mucus, thinning drugs are used, such as Lazolvan, Ambroxol. It is best to deliver them to the organs using a nebulizer.
  3. Vasoconstrictor drops help eliminate swelling and normalize nasal breathing. This category includes: Galazolin, Sanorin, Vibrocil.
  4. After cleansing the nasal sinuses and instilling vasoconstrictor drops, antibiotics should be administered, for example, Albucid, Bioparox, Protargol.
  5. A powerful anti-inflammatory drug for adenoids, Nasonex, helps improve the condition of stage 2 disease.
  6. To eliminate swelling, antihistamines are recommended, for example, Diazolin, Suprastin.
  7. Interferon and Viferon are used to strengthen the immune system.
  8. Multivitamin preparations help support the body, for example, Vitrum, Jungle.

Antibiotic therapy

Antibiotics for adenoids are recommended most often in the complicated stage of the disease. When prescribing this group, it is necessary to take into account which antibiotic was used last time, so that addiction does not occur. Typically, the following groups of antibiotics are prescribed for the treatment of adenoiditis:

Penicillins. Penicillins work well against this disease. They are more secure. Most often, to eliminate this, pathologists recommend:

  • Amoxicillin. Children over 5 years old are prescribed 250 mg three times a day; from 2 to 5 years old, the dosage is calculated individually: per 1 kg of weight - 20 mg of medication. Contraindication is hypersensitivity to the penicillin group. The most common side effects: diarrhea, allergic rashes;
  • Flemoxin Solutab. It is a new generation drug. Children over 1 year old are prescribed 125 mg twice a day, from 6 to 12 years old - 250 mg 2 times a day. Side effects include nausea, swelling, and diarrhea.

Macrolides. If a child has an increased reaction to a group of penicillins, then the attending physician prescribes a group of macrolides that have a wide spectrum of action. The most commonly prescribed types are:

  • Azithromycin. Children under 12 years of age are prescribed at the rate of 10 mg per 1 kg of weight. Contraindications for use are hypersensitivity to the components, renal and liver failure. There are cases of the following side effects: nausea, rashes, arrhythmia;
  • Macropen. Prescribed from 3 years of age. The dosage is calculated per 1 kg of weight - 40 mg per day, the dose must be divided into 3 times. The following side effects occur: itching, jaundice, nausea, diarrhea.

Cephalosporins. If the first 2 groups are not tolerated by the patient, then the doctor recommends antibiotics of the cephalosporin group; they are considered more effective, since the bacteria have not had time to develop resistance to them, but they have more negative consequences for the body. For the treatment of adenoiditis the following is prescribed:

  • Pantsef. Prescribed at the rate of 8 mg per 1 kg of weight once and 4 mg per 1 kg of weight 2 times a day. It is not recommended for use by persons with hypersensitivity to components, infants under 6 months of age and patients with liver and kidney diseases. The following side effects may occur: nausea, stomatitis, urticaria;
  • Zinnat. Children from 3 to 12 years old are prescribed 125 mg twice a day. It is forbidden to use for children under 3 years of age, as there is a risk of seizures. There are cases of the following side effects: diarrhea, headache, nausea.

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Other drugs for the treatment of adenoids

Treatment of this pathology is impossible without the use of drops that have a local effect. Doctors usually prescribe the following drugs in drops for the treatment of adenoids:

  • Protargol (Sialor). An effective medicine for adenoids for children, created on the basis of silver, which has a powerful anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effect. This drug does not lead to the development of dysbiosis and suppresses the development of bacteria. It is instilled 3 drops twice. Use is not recommended if you are hypersensitive to the components. Side effects are: burning sensation, feeling of dryness, dizziness, swelling;

Nasonex nasal spray. Belongs to the group of glucocorticosteroids and has an effective anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effect. To relieve the acute stage, 2 injections are prescribed into each nostril once a day; during the period of remission, in order to maintain the effect longer, one at a time.

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Contraindications for use are children under 2 years of age, hypersensitivity to components, infectious diseases of the nasal cavity. This drug has the following side effects: burning sensation, nosebleeds, headache;

  • Aqua Maris. It is a product of natural origin and contains sterile sea water. It has no contraindications or side effects, and is used for rinsing the sinuses. Usually 2-3 injections into the nose of children are prescribed three times.

    • Separately, it should be said about aminocaproic acid, which, when instilled into the nose, has an antihistamine, anti-inflammatory, and antitoxic effect. This product is available in the form of injections, solution and granules. Aminocaproic acid helps well with grade 1 and 2 adenoids; it slows down their vegetation.

    For adenoiditis, you should alternate instillation of the solution with inhalation.

    For 1 inhalation, 2 ml of the prepared solution should be used. This drug disrupts the interaction of the virus with the body. Aminocaproic acid is injected into the nose, 3 drops into each nostril up to 4 times a day until the signs of the disease disappear.

    This drug is contraindicated for use in:

    1. Kidney and liver failure.
    2. Circulatory disorders.
    3. Thrombosis.

    The following side effects may develop:

    Adenoids are a fairly common occurrence in children; the initial stage of their manifestation can be cured with conservative treatment, which should only be prescribed by the attending physician.

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    Antibiotics for adenoids: necessary or not?

    Antibiotics for adenoids are not recommended by otolaryngologists immediately after diagnosis. There must be certain indications for such treatment tactics - confirmation of the bacterial nature of the disease, poor health of the patient, lack of effect from previously administered therapy.

    Since today manufacturers produce a huge number of antibacterial drugs, only a specialist should prescribe them for inflammatory processes in the palatine tonsils. Otherwise, severe complications may occur. Especially in children's practice.

    Antibacterial agents are a broader concept. It implies a range of drugs that also have the ability to act on inflammatory agents in tissues - to suppress their growth and reproduction.

    Main subgroups of antibiotics used

    The childhood age of patients (and acute adenoiditis is more often diagnosed in children under 7–10 years of age) imposes its own limitations on antibiotic therapy. Experts are trying to resort to similar tactics even with complicated variants of the pathology. For example, when otitis occurs as a result of adenoids. Self-medication is absolutely unacceptable.

    Subgroups of antibiotics used for inflammation of the adenoids:

    1. Penicillin series - for several decades it has been helping to cope with bacterial diseases of various localizations, including in the ENT organs. It has broad activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative agents - drugs suppress their growth and development. Most often recommended for use:

    • Amoxicillin (Amosin);
    • Flemoxina Solutab (Flemoxin);
    • Amoxicillin + Clavulonic acid (Amoxiclav);
    • Flemoxina solutab + Clavulonic acid (Flemoklav).

    2. Subgroup of macrolides - since 20-30% of the population has already developed a certain resistance of microorganisms to penicillin antibiotics, specialists resort to the help of these drugs. They can also not only prevent the flow of nutrients into the cell, but also destroy its membrane, causing the death of the pathogen. Widely used representatives of the subgroup:

    3. Less often, a subgroup of cephalosporins is prescribed for adenoids - they are, of course, more effective, since bacterial agents have not yet developed resistance to them, and therefore die faster. Help stop the inflammatory process in adenoid vegetations:

    Treatment of adenoids with antibiotics must be carried out under the strict supervision of a specialist and under the control of blood tests. Changing the treatment regimen on your own is unacceptable.

    Main indications

    As a rule, an increase in the size of the palatine tonsils - their hypertrophy, is accompanied by unpleasant symptoms of difficulty in nasal breathing, a nasal voice of the baby, night snoring, as well as chronic fatigue. However, all of the above symptoms do not require immediate antibiotic therapy. In this case, it is quite possible to get by with treating the adenoids with Protargol or other auxiliary means. They eliminate tissue swelling and help reduce the volume of tonsils.

    Experts will recommend taking drugs from antibacterial subgroups if a child develops the following symptoms against the background of existing enlarged adenoid vegetations:

    • increase in temperature parameters - over 37.5–38 degrees, for 2–3 days;
    • purulent discharge from the nasal passages;
    • persistent pain impulses in the nasopharynx and head, unresponsive to analgesics;
    • an increase in the size of regional lymph structures – lymphadenopathy;
    • severe symptoms of general intoxication;
    • impaired quality of night rest, lack of appetite;
    • painful impulses in the ear area - associated otitis media.

    The otolaryngologist must decide on the need for pharmacotherapy with antibiotics - their optimal option, dose and frequency of administration. As a rule, if you seek medical help early, there is no need for such therapy.

    Absolute and relative contraindications

    Most pharmaceutical medications have a certain list of restrictions for use - contraindications. Some of them are called absolute - when they should not be assigned to this or that person under any circumstances. These include:

    • individual intolerance to the active or auxiliary components of the drug;
    • a history of a severe allergic reaction - for example, anaphylactic shock or Quincke's edema;
    • a person’s tendency to develop dyspeptic disorders due to the use of antibiotics (and this is not always the case, because if a child has developed a severe bacterial infection and the pathogen is sensitive to a given antibiotic, then dyspeptic disorders can be neglected or corrected with the help of other medications).

    Relative contraindications are restrictions that are considered by specialists only in cases where the harm may outweigh the benefits of the medications used.

    So, if antibiotics for adenoids in children will help speed up recovery and prevent various complications, relative contraindications may not be taken into account by the otolaryngologist. These include:

    identified resistance to one of the subgroups of antibiotics;

    • patient's prejudice towards antibiotic therapy;
    • presence in the anamnesis of indications of previous dysbacteriosis;
    • existing somatic diseases in a person, which can be aggravated by taking antibiotics.

    The above absolute and relative contraindications must be taken into account by the otolaryngologist when selecting the optimal treatment regimen for adenoids in children.

    What other medications may be effective?

    An inflammatory focus in the palatine tonsils cannot always form due to contamination with bacterial microorganisms. About a quarter of cases of negative symptoms occur due to an attack by viral agents. Diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infections, acute respiratory infections or influenza and the subsequent increase in the size of adenoid vegetations requires the adoption of other measures. Treatment tactics should be based on modern drugs with antiviral activity.

    The effectiveness of antiviral therapy will be indicated by:
    • significant improvement in well-being;
    • decrease in temperature;
    • elimination of swelling and inflammation in the tissues of the tonsils;
    • visually noticeable reduction in the size of the adenoids (due to reduced tissue swelling);
    • stopping the release of pathological exudate in the nasopharynx.

    If the above signs of impending recovery are not noted, on the contrary, the child begins to complain of increased pain in the head, he has discharge of purulent contents, which means that bacterial flora has joined. It is impossible to do without the help of modern antibacterial drugs.

    My personal experience with antibiotics

    And now I want to share my own review of the use of antibiotics for the treatment of adenoids, or rather adenoiditis, in my daughter.

    Even though I am a doctor myself, I am not a supporter of the use of antibiotics. These are strong, but at the same time very toxic drugs. Therefore, they should be used only if there are strict indications, that is, when there are signs of a severe bacterial infection, and not otherwise. After all, antibiotics simply do not work on other microorganisms, especially viruses!

    And at the same time, there are situations when you can’t do without antibiotics. The first such situation arose for me when we first discovered that my daughter had hypertrophy of the adenoids, and not alone, but together with otitis media! High temperature, intense pain in the ear, lethargy. In this case, there was no choice; I had to start using an antibiotic. They preferred a penicillin antibiotic, and it justified the trust; my daughter recovered very quickly.

    When a child with adenoids goes to kindergarten, especially if there are 42 children on the list, and the living conditions themselves are far from perfect, then the risk of “catching an infection” increases significantly. Of course, ordinary snot cannot be treated with antibiotics under any circumstances.

    I give preference to penicillin or cephalosporin drugs. As a rule, within one or two days the daughter’s condition improves noticeably.

    Is it necessary to take antibiotics after adenectomy?

    In severe cases of the disease - proliferation of tonsil tissue to grade 3-4 and the absence of a positive effect from conservative therapy, the otolaryngologist will make a decision on surgical intervention on an individual basis.

    In the absence of undesirable consequences - a rise in temperature, the appearance of purulent plaque, additional medication is usually not required. Antibiotics are not prescribed for prophylactic purposes. Specialists are guided by the principle - do no harm. An excess of medications can also harm the baby’s health, as can a lack of them.

    After surgical removal of the adenoids, various natural or synthetic antiseptics may be recommended for use. For example, gargling with Protargol, a silver-based product that has a pronounced anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effect.

    In order to prevent re-swelling of part of the remaining tissue of the tonsils and prevent their re-growth, Nasonex, a representative of the subgroup of glucocorticoids, is also prescribed. It has an antiallergic and anti-inflammatory effect. The total duration of such treatment is determined by the otolaryngologist in each case separately.

    Undesirable effects

    In some cases, when taking an antibiotic, a child begins to notice that his health not only does not improve, but, on the contrary, worsens. This condition is usually called undesirable effects.

    These include:

    • the occurrence of various rashes on the skin;
    • stool disorder - diarrhea, flatulence;
    • increased shortness of breath - attack of suffocation;
    • headaches – cephalgia;
    • discomfort in the abdomen of a spastic, aching nature - gastralgia;
    • severe weakness, persistent dizziness;
    • urge to feel sick, vomit.

    Careful reading of the instructions, which the manufacturer necessarily includes in the packaging with the antibiotic, helps prevent the formation of such disorders when treating adenoids.

    At the slightest deterioration in the child’s well-being, it is recommended to immediately repeat the consultation with the otolaryngologist. They will undergo correction of treatment tactics - replacement of the antibacterial drug, or its cancellation and selection of other medications. Taking care of the baby’s health and defeating adenoids is a coordinated effort not only by the doctor, but also by the parents themselves.

    Source: http://adenoidov.ru/lechenie/antibiotiki-pri-adenoidax.html

    Antibiotics for adenoids: after removal, for inflammation

    Drug treatment of adenoids is not always prescribed, but only in cases where surgery is contraindicated for some reason. In particular, antibiotics for adenoids are used only when a microbial infection occurs in the upper respiratory tract.

    Antibiotics are selected and prescribed by a medical specialist, usually based on culture of mucus from the nasopharynx and assessment of bacterial resistance to antibacterial drugs.

    Are adenoids treated with antibiotics?

    Doctors do not always prescribe antibiotics for the treatment of adenoids, since the use of such drugs is not always advisable and can negatively affect the condition of the digestive and urinary system.

    Antibiotics may be appropriate:

    • when a bacterial infection occurs;
    • with a high probability of complications;
    • at the preparatory stage before surgery.

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    Indications for the use of antibiotics for adenoids

    Adenoids are palatine tonsils, the main purpose of which is to filter incoming air from germs and viruses. With frequent and severe viral or microbial infectious diseases, the adenoids may enlarge or proliferate.

    Often, with such growth, the ENT doctor prescribes antibiotic therapy. It is appropriate to do this only in the presence of a microbial infection, which is detected by taking tests from the mucous membrane. If the tests show a positive result, then a test must be taken to determine the resistance of microbes to antibacterial medications. Based on all the results, a specific antibiotic is prescribed.

    From this we can conclude: an antibiotic for inflammation of the adenoids can be prescribed only after a positive test result for the presence of bacteria. If the result is negative, then there is no particular point in using antibiotics for adenoids.

    In some situations, the use of antibiotics is practiced at the stage of preparing the patient for surgery to remove adenoids. This appointment is appropriate in cases where the patient has foci of infection that can cause complications accompanied by the spread of bacteria.

    An antibiotic after removal of the adenoids is prescribed to prevent complications of microbial etiology. In such a situation, the medication is taken for a maximum of five to six days.

    Release form

    To treat adenoids, the doctor may offer antibiotics in various dosage forms, even if the active component of the drug is the same:

    • Lyophilisate is a powder for the production of liquid for injection. As a rule, it is produced in vials and is used for complicated and severe infectious lesions, when it is necessary to ensure that a large concentration of antibiotic reaches the tissues in a short time.
    • Tablets or capsules are used to treat children who can already swallow the drug on their own.
    • Suspension for internal use - very convenient to give to a small child. The suspension can be given from a spoon or mixed with water or compote.
    • Children's suppositories for rectal administration - suitable for the treatment of both young children and older patients. They can also be used in cases where oral administration of medications is impossible for some reason.
    • Syrup - this form is especially easily accepted by children. It can be produced in the form of granules for making syrup, or in the form of a ready-made product.

    External forms, such as ointments or creams, are not used to treat adenoids.

    Titles

    If there is a need to prescribe an antibiotic for adenoids, then you need to take into account which drug the patient used for treatment the day before in order to avoid the development of “addiction”. Most often, the doctor chooses from the following list of antibiotics:

    • Penicillin antibiotics are most often the drugs of choice for adenoids, as they are considered the safest and most effective:
    1. Amoxicillin;
    2. Flemoxin Solutab.
    • The macrolide series of antibiotics has extensive antibacterial activity and can be prescribed for intolerance to penicillins:
    1. Azithromycin;
    2. Macropen.
    • The cephalosporin series of antibiotics is the drug of the third group of choice when there is no possibility of treatment with penicillins and macrolides:
    1. Pancef (Cefixime);
    2. Zinnat.

    Antibiotic Fluimucil for inhalation

    It’s worth noting right away that the use of steam inhalation for adenoids is prohibited. Hot steam can provoke further tissue growth and also lead to purulent complications in the nasopharynx area.

    Among pharmaceutical preparations, the most suitable for use in a nebulizer are ordinary isotonic sodium chloride solution and alkaline mineral water. In addition, on the recommendation of a doctor, you can use an antibiotic - for example, Fluimucil IT, in case of a significant inflammatory reaction.

    It is necessary to clarify: many people confuse pharmaceutical drugs Fluimucil and Fluimucil Antibiotic IT, which are similar in name. In fact, these are two completely different medications:

    • Fluimucil is a mucolytic agent that does not have any antibacterial activity and is used as an expectorant for coughs;
    • Fluimucil Antibiotic IT is a fundamentally different drug that belongs to amphenicols - antimicrobial agents of systemic action. It is this medication that can be prescribed for inhalation administration for adenoids. As a rule, it is used pomg up to two times a day (1-2 ml of solution per procedure).

    The antibiotic Fluimucil IT can only be prescribed by a doctor: independent use can be dangerous.

    Pharmacodynamics

    The pharmacological properties of antibiotics for adenoids can be considered using the example of the most popular drug in this area - Amoxicillin. This drug represents a group of semisynthetic penicillins with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, being a 4-hydroxyl analogue of the well-known Ampicillin.

    Amoxicillin exhibits a bactericidal effect against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes (staphylococci, streptococci, Neusheria, Escherichia, Shigella, Salmonella, Klebsiella).

    Bacteria that produce penicillinase are considered resistant to the drug.

    Cross-resistance has been found between antibiotics such as Amoxicillin and Ampicillin.

    The drug becomes more effective if it is combined with the β-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid. This combination leads to an increase in the activity of Amoxicillin against bacteroides, legionella, nocardia, and pseudomonas.

    Pharmacokinetics

    After ingestion, Amoxicillin is well absorbed in the digestive tract without being damaged by stomach acid. The maximum content in serum is detected after 1-2 hours. If the dose is doubled, then the concentration also doubles.

    Overall absorption does not depend on whether food masses are present in the stomach.

    After injection of an antibiotic, similar concentrations of the drug are found in the bloodstream.

    The association of Amoxicillin with plasma proteins is close to 20%.

    The antibiotic distributes well throughout tissues and fluids in the body.

    The half-life can be 1-1.5 hours.

    Approximately 60% of the total dose taken leaves the body unchanged in the urinary fluid by glomerular filtration. A small amount of the antibiotic is found in the stool.

    Use of antibiotics for adenoids during pregnancy

    As a rule, adenoids are discovered in childhood - from three to seven years. Over the years, the size of the nasopharyngeal tonsil decreases, and the lymphoid tissues are almost completely transformed into connective tissue by about 15 years. However, in some cases, the amygdala may continue to exist in adults.

    If adenoids were discovered in a woman during pregnancy, then most often the doctor takes a wait-and-see approach: the most radical method of treatment, removal of the adenoids, is not practiced in the acute period. Most likely, the doctor will recommend immunostimulating treatment, a diet to support and strengthen the body's defenses. Antibiotics for adenoids for the treatment of pregnant women can be prescribed only in extreme and very severe situations.

    Contraindications

    Antibiotics are not used for adenoids unless there are clear indications for this.

    In addition, antibiotics are inappropriate:

    • for severe infections of the digestive tract, with hypersensitivity to penicillins and/or cephalosporins;
    • for disorders of hematopoietic processes, lymphocytic leukemia, infectious mononucleosis;
    • with severe liver damage;
    • during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

    Side effects of antibiotics for adenoids

    Antibiotics for adenoids can cause a number of negative symptoms:

    • Allergies (skin rash, redness of the skin, swelling, allergic rhinitis or conjunctivitis, joint pain).
    • Development of superinfection, most often with low body resistance.
    • Dizziness, fatigue, convulsions, worsening mood, peripheral neuropathy.
    • Nausea with bouts of vomiting, emaciation, diarrhea, difficulty defecating, abdominal pain, stomatitis, inflammatory processes in the intestines.
    • Jaundice, dermatitis.

    Directions for use and doses

    Penicillin antibiotics

    Used to treat children from the age of five, 250 mg three times a day. For children from 2 to five years old, the dose is calculated taking into account body weight: 20 mg of antibiotic per 1 kg.

    For the treatment of children from one year of age, 125 mg of antibiotic is used in the morning and evening. Children from six to 12 years old - 250 mg morning and evening.

    For the treatment of children under 12 years of age, the dose is calculated using the formula 10 mg per kilogram of body weight.

    Used to treat children from three years of age. The dose is calculated as 40 mg/kg per day (in three doses).

    Prescribed at a rate of 8 mg/kg per day, in one or two doses. Not recommended for use in children under six months of age.

    Prescribed to children from the age of three, 125 mg morning and evening. The drug is not used to treat children under three years of age.

    Antibiotics for adenoids in children

    Of course, there is no need to rush to use antibiotics for adenoids: too many side effects and negative reactions of the body can be caused by a regular antibacterial agent.

    The main indications for antibiotic therapy may be:
    • the addition of a microbial infection;
    • real risk of complications.

    So, the doctor can prescribe antibiotics for secondary otitis media, tonsillitis, and inflammatory processes in the respiratory system.

    It is no secret that the prolonged existence of adenoiditis can be complicated by heart disease, endocarditis, damage to the digestive system, and rheumatism. If treated incorrectly, sinusitis, laryngotracheitis, bronchitis and even pneumonia can develop.

    Taking this into account, the doctor can prescribe to the patient not only local procedures in the form of irrigation, physiotherapy and the use of nasal drops, but also antibiotics for the treatment of adenoids.

    Antibiotics should not be used solely for the purpose of prevention for adenoids.

    Penicillin antibiotics

    Used to treat children from the age of five, 250 mg three times a day. For children from 2 to five years old, the dose is calculated taking into account body weight: 20 mg of antibiotic per 1 kg.

    For the treatment of children from one year of age, 125 mg of antibiotic is used in the morning and evening. Children from six to 12 years old - 250 mg morning and evening.

    For the treatment of children under 12 years of age, the dose is calculated using the formula 10 mg per kilogram of body weight.

    Used to treat children from three years of age. The dose is calculated as 40 mg/kg per day (in three doses).

    Prescribed at a rate of 8 mg/kg per day, in one or two doses. Not recommended for use in children under six months of age.

    Prescribed to children from the age of three, 125 mg morning and evening. The drug is not used to treat children under three years of age.

    Overdose

    An overdose of antibiotics for adenoids is most often accidental, and usually in children. This situation occurs when the dose of the medication is not calculated correctly, or when the doctor’s instructions are not followed.

    Almost all doses of antibiotics used in pediatrics are calculated “per kilogram of body weight.” Therefore, in particular, self-medication can lead to the most unfavorable consequences due to an incorrectly selected antibiotic or due to an incorrectly calculated amount.

    What could be the signs of an overdose of antibiotics for adenoids?

    • Signs of general intoxication: fever, pain in the head, joints and muscles, dyspepsia, surges in blood pressure, tachycardia, increased sweating, impaired consciousness.
    • Intoxication of the kidneys: impaired urination, signs of renal failure.
    • Intoxication of the liver: pain in the liver, jaundice, itchy skin.

    If a child overdoses, it is imperative to call an ambulance, empty the victim’s stomach, give sorbents and a large amount of water (in case of an overdose of oral medications).

    Interactions with other drugs

    Drug interactions between antibiotics for adenoids can be different. For example, when aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, Cycloserine, Vancomycin, Rifampicin are used together with Amoxicillin, synergism is detected. When combining macrolides, Chloramphenicol, lincosamides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides with Amoxicillin, an antagonistic effect is observed.

    Amoxicillin can enhance the effect of indirect anticoagulants, inhibiting the development of intestinal microflora, as well as impair the production of vitamin K and lower the prothrombin index.

    Amoxicillin reduces the effectiveness of medications that metabolize PABA.

    The concentration of Amoxicillin in the bloodstream may increase under the influence of diuretics, Allopurinol, Probenecid, Phenylbutazone, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

    The absorption of Amoxicillin improves under the influence of vitamin C, and worsens under the influence of antacid or laxatives, aminoglycosides, and glucosamine.

    Storage conditions

    Antibiotics that are used for adenoids are recommended to be stored in rooms with a temperature of no more than +25°C, in places that are difficult for children to reach.

    If the antibiotic is a prepared suspension, then it is stored only in a refrigerator, maintaining a temperature range of +2 to +8°C.

    Best before date

    Antibiotics are traditionally stored for three years if appropriate conditions are met, but this term is best clarified in the instructions that come with the specific medication.

    A self-prepared suspension can be stored for no more than a week in a refrigerator.

    Reviews

    Should antibiotics be used to treat adenoids? Only a doctor can answer this question, and then only on the basis of test results. Such tests may include culture of smears from the nasopharynx and assessment of the sensitivity of bacteria to antibacterial drugs. The decision on antibiotic therapy is not made by the patient or his parents independently.

    Of course, if there is a bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract, then taking antibiotics is indispensable. And, if you believe the reviews, this treatment really helps in most cases. But the doctor must select the antibiotic, and the patient’s task is to take the drug, strictly following the doctor’s prescription.

    If antibiotics for adenoids are taken incorrectly or inappropriately, then such treatment can lead to the exact opposite effect: adenoid growths will only increase, and it will be possible to solve the problem only through surgery.

    Pharmacological group

    pharmachologic effect

    ICD-10 code

    Medical Expert Editor

    Portnov Alexey Alexandrovich

    Education: Kiev National Medical University. A.A. Bogomolets, specialty - "General Medicine"

    Attention!

    To make it easier to understand the information, these instructions for use of the drug “Antibiotics for adenoids: after removal, for inflammation” have been translated and presented in a special form based on the official instructions for medical use of the drug. Before use, read the leaflet included directly with the medication.

    The description is provided for informational purposes and is not a guide to self-medication. The need to use this drug, the prescription of the treatment regimen, methods and doses of the drug are determined solely by the attending physician. Self-medication is dangerous for your health.

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    Adenoids in children

    Diagnosis and treatment of adenoids in children. Adenoids in children: symptoms and treatment.

    Antibiotics for adenoids: types of targeted action

    03/20/2017 admin 0 Comments

    Antibiotics for adenoids: types of targeted action

    Inflammatory processes that begin in the body are classified and have a very different etiology of pathogenesis. They are united by one microbiological feature - reduction at the cellular, genetic level of a pathogenic strain that has penetrated through the upper protective barrier, the nasopharynx, into the human body.

    The nasopharyngeal tonsils, having the ability of sorption, for some time become the primary focus, a nest for a malicious viral, microbial, bacterial mass. The fact that a pathogenic invasion has occurred (the second clinical name is gene infusion) of the tonsils, oblong nasal and pharyngeal tonsils is manifested by an inflammatory reaction (adenoiditis).

    In cases of a long period of inaction in terms of drug treatment, the lymphoid parenchyma of the tonsil glands hypertrophies. Gene cells of the glandular epidermis of the tonsils and tonsils are transformed into a pathological, foreign substance - adenoids. It is possible to stop, neutralize, and destroy the division of pathogenic strains and the general picture of adenoid vegetation only with the help of special pharmacological drugs - antibiotics.

    A brief excursion into history: the ancestor of antibiotics - penicillin mold

    Our ancient descendants knew that ordinary mold (especially from forest stumps) heals wounds and stops the rotting of “bodily flesh.” Without knowing or thinking about why “mold sputum” has such healing properties, healers effectively treated battle wounds, household cuts with it, and added it to a gargle for a sore throat (of course, after first treating the moldy rags and clearing them of dirt).

    But only the beginning of the 19th century gave humanity a scientific discovery - the antibiotic penicillin. Alexander Fleming in 1928 clinically classified and described the pharmacological properties of the main healing cause of the drug - the spores of the yeast mold, with the beautiful name in Latin "Penicillium". I found out that the intensive reproductive genesis for fungal spores, the constant generator of the “therapeutic vital activity” of mold, are the chemical microelements of sodium, potassium, novocaine salts, which the microbiologist identified and included in the group of benzyl penicillins.

    Subsequently, penicillin benzyls gave impetus to the creation of a number of antibiotic drugs. Their quantitative concentration in medicinal modifications determines whether the antibiotic is a potent, aggressive form of action or is a weak, gentle antibacterial, antiviral factor.

    Light antibiotics - for the primary stages of adenoid pathology

    "Protargol"

    Pharmacists, according to their science, pharmaceuticals, habitually call this medicine “Silver Proteinate”. It is thanks to the monovalent metal number 47, in the periodic table of D.I. Mendeleev, that the nasal “Protargol” owes its therapeutic effect to silver (argentum). In combination with the presence of penicillin, a 2% aqueous solution of colloidal silver has:

    • General antiseptic sanitation of nasal adenoid layers;
    • Antimicrobial/viral/bacterial neutralization of pathogenic accumulations of microflora;
    • Inhibits the reaction of adenoid pathogenesis by film covering the disease-causing areas;

    "Protargol" has no effect on the hormonal balance of the child's body, on the organic functionality of the gastrointestinal tract (severe types of dysbiosis, dyspepsia). Well tolerated by children, but only if the prescribed dosage is observed!

    Otolaryngologists most often prescribe "Protargol" as a preventive medication to prevent the development and growth of adenoids in a child in nasopharyngeal locations or during the primary (initial) stage of treatment of adenoiditis.

    II. "Sinupret"

    Known as a mild secretolytic antibiotic/mucolytic against adenoids. The fact is that a child’s adenoids, overflowing with all kinds of viral, microbial and bacterial groups, constantly produce their toxins (products of pathogenic “life support”, dead cells, waste).

    All this putrefactive mass is secretory mucus - snot, purulent exudate from the nasal sinuses. It must be removed from the body, since it, in turn, is swallowed into the esophagus and penetrates the respiratory tract, thereby infecting new areas of the child’s body. The antibiotic composition in a therapeutic alliance with mucolytics (substances that thin the viscous consistency of mucus) is successfully presented in Sinupret.

    The medicine is saturated with a natural herbarium of flora, medicinal herbs (verbena officinalis, wild sorrel, gentian, elderberry inflorescences). They are used as nasal drops, and for adding to inhalation solutions, and for rinsing. Like the previous antibiotic “Protargol”, “Sinupret” has a gentle action, is effective at the onset of symptoms, but is ineffective in subsequent stages and severity of adenoiditis pathogenesis.

    In conclusion to the section on mild antibiotics for a child with adenoids of the nose/throat/ears. This is not the entire list of liberal nasal antibiotic drugs. Modern pharmacological production supplies the pharmaceutical market with new, innovative medicinal developments every day.

    Parents, on their own, are not even recommended to “swim” in this wide, purely professional information sea. Moreover, at your own peril and risk, buy and use harmless (in the opinion of adult family members) “light” nasal drops and gargles for a sore throat on your child. For some children, they may be light, but for others they will be heavy. Only a professional opinion and decision of an otolaryngologist, allergist, or pediatrician should become a motive for the use and purchase of anthranasal antibiotics that are classified as mild!

    III. "Interferon" - an immune shield against the adenoid threat

    In the photo, the molecular formula of interferon is human endogenous proteins transformed by genetic engineering into an immunomodulatory and antiviral leukocyte vaccine.

    Antibiotics are a life-saving measure that greatly alleviates the general somatic condition of the child. Undoubtedly, in the initial stages, such drugs can completely eliminate the inflammatory manifestations of the adenoids in the nasal passages, sinuses, oral and laryngeal areas.

    But, despite the “diluted” concentrate of penicillin benzyls, light antibiotics are still antibiotics. It is much better, safer, more productive not to allow the child to be treated before using medicinal chemicals. And use it long before painful manifestations, such as daily instillation of the anti-respiratory agent “Interferon” into the child’s nose. Its pharmacy analogues are “Grippferon” and “Nazoveron”.

    Potent anthranasal antibiotics: summary characteristics

    Antibiotic medications related to the super-effective dynamics of suppression and destruction of pathogenic microviral, bacterial, microbial etiology in the child’s tonsils are not a complete list in this section. These are highly concentrated cephalosporins, penicillin derivatives, macrolites, drugs that are used in life-threatening adenoid growths in children, in the postoperative period (adenoidectomy).

    They are introduced into the treatment plan only after targeted laboratory testing and gene marking of the causative agent of adenoid pathology. Traces of the presence of one or another type of strain are determined by histological studies of sputum, nasal mucus, and biopsy specimen (a tiny piece of epidermis pinched off from the adenoid tonsil).

    This is done so that the antibiotic, which has such a strong effect, quickly “kills” the type of virus that is the fundamental dominant in adenoid pathogenesis. So that the antibiotic causes as little side effects as possible in the hematopoietic system, gastrointestinal tract, and has less impact on the hormonal, “reproductive area” - the pancreas, adrenal glands, liver and kidneys of the child.

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