Antibiotic for staphylococcus in the nose

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How to treat staphylococcus in the nose and throat

Staphylococcus in the nose is the presence of bacteria in the nasal mucosa that can cause a purulent-inflammatory disease.

There are more than 20 varieties of staphylococcus, and most of them are constant companions of humans and are normally present on the mucous membranes, including the nose.

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At the same time, many staphylococci are absolutely harmless; only three types provoke the development of diseases. The most common among them is Staphylococcus aureus. It does not pose a danger to humans until their immunity is weakened.

Treatment of staphylococcus in the nose depends on the symptoms and involves the use of antibiotics, bacteriophages, and immunomodulators.

How can you get infected?

Very often, staphylococcus affects the nasal mucosa. You can become infected with the bacteria in any public place, especially in clinics, hospitals and even maternity hospitals.

Transmission of staphylococcal infection occurs in the following ways:

  • by airborne droplets;
  • when using the patient’s personal items;
  • during the period of intrauterine development of the child, during childbirth or breastfeeding;
  • consumption of not fresh or thermally unprocessed food;
  • during injections or other medical procedures carried out within the walls of a medical institution.

The infection manifests itself as purulent wounds in the nasal area, but the disease can be complicated by sinusitis or even meningitis, so treatment of staphylococcus in the nose is not suitable for self-medication.

Varieties

The most common bacteria found are:

  1. Staphylococcus aureus, which received its name precisely because of its amber color.
  2. Staphylococcus epidermidis, which loves to live on the skin and membranes of the body that produce a mucous substance.
  3. Saprophytic staphylococcus, which actively settles in the genitourinary system.
  4. Hemolytic type of staphylococcus, which has special activity when entering the blood.

Symptoms of staphylococcus in the nose

The nose and throat are one of the most “favorite” places for staphylococcus colonization in the human body. Certain symptoms may indicate the presence of a staphylococcal infection in the nasal cavity (see photo):

  • nasal congestion;
  • redness of the mucous epithelium lining the nasopharynx;
  • increased body temperature;
  • prolonged, untreatable runny nose;
  • atrophy of the mucous epithelium of the nasopharynx;
  • general intoxication (in some situations - toxic shock).

In some cases, infection of the nasopharynx with staphylococcus may be accompanied by the appearance of small pustular formations on the nasal mucosa.

Diagnostics

To determine the staphylococcus bacteria, culture is performed. A blood test is also taken from the patient. In this way, opportunistic microflora is identified in the patient’s nasopharynx.

A nasal swab is taken from the patient for staphylococcus, and it is examined in the laboratory using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After studying the test results, the patient is diagnosed.

Additionally, tests are carried out for the sensitivity of staphylococcus to antibacterial drugs, because in many cases, staphylococcus is not sensitive to the effects of antibiotics.

Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose and throat

You need to know that treatment of this disease should be started only if the presence of bacteria in the nasal mucosa leads to the development of inflammation and the occurrence of diseases: sinusitis, acute and chronic rhinitis, and other pathological disorders. Therefore, the patient must undergo a nasal smear for staphylococcus, which will show the clinical picture of the disease.

How to treat staphylococcus in the nose and throat? Before starting therapy, the following circumstances should be considered:

  1. Staphylococcus easily develops resistance to certain antibiotics;
  2. Frequent use of antibiotics can lead to the emergence of a hyperresistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus;
  3. If the antibacterial agent is selected incorrectly, the effect is the opposite: the infection intensifies and spreads through the circulatory system throughout the body;
  4. Unqualified therapy leads to a number of serious complications: purulent skin lesions, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, intestinal intoxication, staphylococcal sepsis, meningitis.

Treatment is prescribed only after an examination is carried out to understand which strain of bacteria is affecting health and what medicine can overcome it. Most often, sulfonamide or antibacterial drugs are prescribed, which are suitable for the patient individually.

Drugs

Antibacterial drugs are used to kill bacteria:

In addition to the remedies described above, doctors prescribe the following systemic medications:

  1. Immunomodulators, which are designed to increase the overall resistance of the body (Tactivin, Poludan, Immunorix);
  2. Anti-allergenic agents designed to relieve swelling (Ziretek, Tavegil, Diazolin);
  3. Vitamin complexes with the addition of a mineral component (Alphabet, Supradin, etc.).

The dosage and course of treatment can only be prescribed by the attending physician; self-medication of such a serious infection should be categorically avoided.

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Causes of staphylococcus in the nose and effective methods of treating the infection

The appearance of rashes in the form of pustules and flaky purulent crusts on the skin of the face and nasal mucosa may indicate infection with staphylococcus.

Action must be taken immediately, as this bacterium is extremely resistant to treatment and can cause great harm to the body. It is especially dangerous for young children and weakened patients, people with defects in the immune system.

Staphylococcus - description and types

Features of the development of staphylococcal infection in the nose

Staphylococci are gram-positive bacteria widely distributed in the environment. This is a heterogeneous species; there are many different types of staphylococci, some of them belong to opportunistic microflora, while others are pathogens dangerous to humans and other mammals.

Staphylococci live everywhere in nature; they are found on any object, in the air and on the skin and human mucous membranes. It turns out that this pathogen is capable of infecting any person; to do this, he only needs to wait for optimally suitable conditions under which the number of pathogenic microflora exceeds the body’s protective barrier. Very often, staphylococcus appears in the nose, the treatment of which must be very quick, since the pathogen can easily spread through the respiratory tract and affect the nasopharynx, throat and “descend” to all internal organs.

Staphylococci constantly live in the nose of every healthy person, but they do not always cause disease.

These pathogens are susceptible to exposure to aqueous solutions of silver salts and liquids containing silver. A special staphylococcal bacteriophage is able to fight this dangerous infection, but there are forms of the pathogen that the most powerful modern antibiotics cannot cope with.

There are several main types of staphylococci:

  • Staphylococcus aureus is the most dangerous, as it can infect any tissue of the body and cause serious diseases, including pneumonia and meningitis. It got its name from its ability to produce a golden pigment. Some forms of the pathogen are especially resistant to antibiotics from the group of penicillins and cephalosporins, so they are very difficult to treat and lead to extremely dangerous diseases.
  • Saprophytic staphylococcus most often causes diseases of the genitourinary organs - cystitis and urethritis.
  • Staphylococcus epidermidis lives on mucous membranes and human skin, causing conjunctivitis, infection of wounds and genitourinary organs, causing blood poisoning and endocarditis. Hemolytic staphylococcus acts in the same way.

It is believed that this pathogen in various forms lives on the skin and mucous membranes of about 70% of the world's population, but it does not cause disease in all cases.

Several reasons must coincide due to which the infection can begin to actively develop:

  • Exceeding the threshold number of bacteria. If something provokes the active growth of infection, it will definitely find a weak spot in the body.
  • Decreased protective functions of the immune system.
  • The presence of an “open gate” for the penetration of bacteria. This could be a tiny scratch, abrasion, a rubbed heel, or a damaged nasal mucosa due to careless blowing of the nose.

Causes

Staphylococcus aureus is the most dangerous type of staphylococcus

Staphylococci begin to attack the body in the following cases:

  1. If the rules of personal hygiene are not followed, most often - the lack of habit of constantly washing your hands, especially before eating, after visiting the toilet or returning from the street. A dirty body is literally teeming with various microorganisms, just a little damage and disease is guaranteed. Money becomes a very common source of infection, because it endlessly passes from hand to hand, “collecting” a huge collection of various pathogens. The use of antibacterial soap is ineffective, since the microflora quickly mutates and easily gets used to the action of the drugs, but washing your hands with a brush to wash away dirt from under your nails, on the contrary, is very useful. It destroys up to 90% of all infections on the hands.
  2. Contact infection with a carrier of staphylococcus. It can occur when shaking hands, using someone else’s personal belongings, equipment, or cosmetics. Very often, infection occurs in medical institutions.
  3. Using antibiotics longer than prescribed or unnecessarily, as well as using antibacterial and vasoconstrictor nasal drops for a long time.
  4. Decreased protective functions of the immune system. It can be caused by various diseases, hypothermia or overheating, getting wet in the rain, severe stress or fatigue, food poisoning and many other factors.
Sometimes the disease is caused by several reasons at once. For example, a person visited the hospital, “picked up” several extra pathogens there, got caught in cold rain on the way, got wet and froze, and when he got home, the first thing he did was not wash his hands, but immediately grabbed a sandwich, rubbed his eyes with a dirty hand, or blew his nose. The result is infection and an extremely unpleasant, difficult to treat and dangerous disease.

Signs

A runny nose, skin rash and fever are signs of a staph infection.

Infection usually manifests itself quite rapidly:

  • Body temperature rises, with massive infection, sometimes to very high levels.
  • The appearance of a runny nose.
  • Swelling of the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx.
  • The appearance of red spots in the affected area.

A pustular rash or profuse purulent discharge with the formation of painful crusts is typical for those cases when staphylococcus is detected in the nose, the treatment of which should be immediate.

If treatment is delayed, the infection can quickly spread through the respiratory tract, causing sore throats, pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia and many other diseases.

Very often, a person, especially a small child, scratches the pustules and wounds that have formed in the nose and on the surrounding skin, spreading the infection throughout the face and body. In such cases, treatment must be comprehensive, since staphylococcal infection, especially in its golden form, is very insidious and resistant to treatment. Advanced diseases of the skin and mucous membranes of the nose can affect the entire body, and for a baby this is deadly.

Diagnostic methods

Culture for staphylococcus

In order to diagnose the disease and accurately identify the existing form of staphylococcus, a skin test is performed and the infection is transferred to a Petri dish to grow a colony.

Culture is also necessary to determine which antibiotics the strain involved is not resistant to. Otherwise, even the massive use of the most modern antibacterial drugs may not give the desired effect.

If the disease has already developed and there are complications or suspicions of their presence, the doctor may prescribe additional tests, for example, x-rays of the maxillary and frontal sinuses, or a thorough examination of the nasal mucosa to identify possible damage.

Drug treatment

Effective treatment for staphylococcal infection in the nose can only be prescribed by a doctor.

When staphylococcus is detected in the nose, treatment is always prescribed individually and carried out comprehensively. Since in each case there is a “personal” set of pathogens, there is no universal treatment.

Without fail, the doctor chooses the antibiotic that is most effective against the identified strain of bacteria, and completely prescribes the use of the drug. It is impossible to deviate from the scheme, since incomplete treatment is ineffective and can make the disease chronic. At the first opportunity, staphylococcus will return and strike in the back with even greater force, since the previously used antibiotic will no longer have an effect on it.

In addition to antibiotics, an anti-staphylococcal bacteriophage is used, which actively destroys the infectious agent.

Since the development of microorganisms is facilitated by a decrease in immunity, it is necessary to use means that increase and strengthen its level. Immunotherapy is carried out using antistaphylococcal toxoid or immunoglobulin. Local therapy of the nasal mucosa and passages by rinsing the nose with a solution of special preparations, for example, Chlorophyllipt.

More information about Staphylococcus aureus can be found in the video:

If ulcers and rashes develop strongly, it is necessary to treat them with drying and anti-inflammatory drugs. If a child is sick, you need to explain to him that the scabs cannot be touched or combed. As a preventative measure, it is necessary to cut his nails very short and sand the sharp edges with a file so that he does not inadvertently pick off the “sore.” If this happens, the wound is treated with brilliant green, and the hands are thoroughly washed with a brush.

To resist the disease, the patient needs high-quality nutrition with a high content of vitamins that strengthen the immune system, especially vitamin C. If there is no allergy, it is good to give tea with honey, citrus fruits, apples and other fresh fruits.

Folk recipes

Treatment of staphylococcus in the nose with traditional methods

To cope with an infection when staphylococcus is in the nose, treatment with folk remedies involves the use of decoctions of strengthening herbs internally, rinsing the nose with disinfectants and the use of natural immunostimulants, such as echinacea and ginseng.

Such a complex effect helps well in the early stages of unadvanced diseases, especially if we are not talking about Staphylococcus aureus. It is also very good to use vitamins of natural origin, for example, rosehip decoction, honey and other healing drugs that nature itself gives us.

To rinse the nose or administer turunda, use a decoction of the string, which copes well with purulent rashes.

It should be noted that treatment with folk remedies should also be comprehensive, that is, include taking drugs internally and external influences. However, in severe cases, it is better not to risk it and use traditional methods to supplement rather than replace the main drug treatment.

Treatment of staphylococcus in children and infants

In young children, staphylococcus in the nose, the treatment of which can only be prescribed by a doctor, is complicated by the choice of drugs, since not all antibiotics are approved for children of a certain age.

In this case, the selection of treatment rests entirely with the medical professional, since parents, wishing only the best for their child, can cause serious harm to his health.

When staphylococcus is localized in a child's nose, the safe plant-based drug Chlorophyllipt can help. The nose is washed with its solution and painful wounds are lubricated. If necessary, the doctor will prescribe other medications. The instructions must be followed accurately and precisely so that the disease does not become chronic or cause complications.

Staphylococcus during pregnancy

Safe treatment for staph infection in the nose during pregnancy

It is most difficult to treat staphylococcus in a pregnant woman, since antibiotics and many other drugs are prohibited due to the risk of harming the unborn child. However, it is impossible to do without treatment, since the woman becomes a source of a dangerous infection that can also affect the fetus.

In this case, the same safe drugs are used for treatment as for small children, for example, Chlorophyllipt. Immunization with staphylococcal toxoid is also carried out so that the infection does not affect the development and health of the unborn child.

The use of a quartz lamp has a good effect - bacteria die from irradiation, and purulent rashes dry out and heal faster.

Only in exceptional cases, when it comes to saving the life of the mother or the child or both, can the doctor decide to use appropriate antibiotics and other drugs.

Possible consequences

If staphylococcal infections are treated incorrectly, dangerous complications can occur.

If staphylococcus in the nose is diagnosed, treatment is carried out, but turns out to be ineffective or is not completed, then the disease can become chronic or cause very dangerous complications. Any form of staphylococcus is dangerous to health, but Staphylococcus aureus can be life-threatening. It can infect the lungs, cause a severe form of pneumonia, and also enter the bloodstream and cause blood poisoning - sepsis. This condition can develop so rapidly that the medications simply do not have time to act and the patient dies.

Crusts in the nose with prolonged healing lead to the formation of scars on the mucous membrane and the formation of strands of connective tissue, which in the future practically guarantees a long course of any cold, especially prolonged runny nose with complications of sinusitis, frontal sinusitis and other painful diseases. In especially severe cases, sensitivity to odors may disappear and the patient either has difficulty distinguishing odors or does not feel them at all.

On the skin, especially around the nose and lips, where staphylococcus from the nasal mucosa most often enters, the disease can also leave very ugly, rough marks.

The spread of staphylococcus throughout the body threatens damage to all organs, including the genitourinary. Such an infection can cause infertility or spontaneous abortion.

Since treatment of any form of staphylococcus, especially aureus, is very difficult, it is much easier to avoid infection than to deal with its consequences. Hygiene and appropriate skills play an important role: regular hand washing, bathing after visiting places that are dangerous for infection, changing clothes when returning from the street. You should not use other people’s things, and if your immune system is weakened due to a cold or any other disease, start taking the necessary medications immediately, combining them with vitamins and substances that support the immune system. It is important not to give staphylococcus a chance to develop.

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Staphylococcus in the nose

Nowadays, 27 species of staphylococci have been discovered, 14 of which have been found on human skin and mucous membranes. Only 3 types of these microbes cause disease. The most dangerous is Staphylococcus aureus.

This is a gram-positive bacterium that has a spherical shape and a characteristic golden color. Staphylococcus aureus in the nose is the main cause of chronic rhinitis (runny nose) and sinusitis.

Symptoms

Many people are not even aware that they have a staph infection. The disease is detected by taking a smear from the nasal mucosa. The main criterion for a correct diagnosis is the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in the smear. At the same time, patients' body temperature rises and redness of the skin in the nose area appears. In children, the main symptom of the appearance of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose is the appearance of a rash.

If left untreated, the child may be affected by other systems and organs. There may be a malfunction in the gastrointestinal tract. Unlike an adult, a child is more susceptible to the appearance of inflammatory processes in organs and tissues. Therefore, the disease must be treated. If symptoms of the disease appear, consult a doctor so that he can prescribe the necessary treatment.

Factors contributing to the development of the disease:

  • irresponsible use of antibiotics;
  • hypothermia;
  • long-term use of vasoconstrictor nasal drops;
  • presence of viral etiology;
  • poor level of adaptation of the child to the external environment.

How to treat the disease

How to treat staphylococcus in the nose? The disease should be treated only after detection of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose using a bacteriological method. The resulting smear is sent to the laboratory to ensure that the diagnosis is correct. The collected material must be delivered to the clinical laboratory within 2 hours. If staphylococcus is detected in the smear, the doctor prescribes appropriate treatment.

For treatment, a number of specific circumstances are taken into account:

  1. Staphylococcus is resistant to certain types of antibiotics.
  2. If antibacterial drugs are selected incorrectly, a resistant strain of staphylococcus may appear.
  3. Incorrect treatment leads to various complications (osteomyelitis, intestinal intoxication, endocarditis, meningitis, sepsis).

The most common medicine used for Staphylococcus aureus is a solution of chlorophyllipt. To sanitize the nasal cavity, a 1% alcohol solution of this drug is used.

Apply 4 drops into the nose three times a day; treatment is needed for 7-10 days. For complications, antibiotics are used: ceftriaxone, amoxiclav, ofloxacin, dicloxacillin, vancomycin. Brilliant green is used to eliminate pustular lesions on the skin. To boost immunity, immunomodulators are prescribed. It is not recommended to treat staphylococcal infections at home.

Staphylococcus in pregnant women and newborns

If a pregnant woman is diagnosed with this infectious disease, treatment is carried out only in emergency cases. Antibiotics enter the baby's body through the placenta and have a detrimental effect. Therefore, it is better to prevent this disease.

  1. Carefully monitor the cleanliness of your living space or work area.
  2. Wash your clothes in a timely manner and ventilate your room.
  3. Consult your doctor in a timely manner and take the necessary tests.
  4. Be sure to get examined by a therapist, dentist and otolaryngologist.

To protect your child from staphylococcal infection, you need to maintain hygiene in the baby’s room, regularly ventilate the rooms, keep your hands clean, and take your baby to the doctor in a timely manner. Staphylococcus in a child is very difficult to treat, so treat your baby with care.

If your child develops symptoms of a staphylococcal infection, consult a doctor immediately. Carry out a bacteriological analysis (nasal swab). Do not try to treat yourself! With the correct prescription of medications, you will get rid of this disease in 7-10 days.

Source: http://moylor.ru/nos/stafilokokk/

Methods for treating staphylococcus in the nose in adults and children

Symptoms

You can become infected from an infected person in a hospital, maternity hospital or other medical facility. The nose and its cavities are one of the favorite places of this pathogen. The following symptoms may cause suspected staphylococcal infection:

  • Hyperemia of the mucous membrane;
  • Runny nose and stuffiness;
  • High temperature and severe intoxication, malaise, which can cause a serious condition for an adult and a child;
  • A characteristic feature is pustules, inflammation of the skin on the vestibule of the nose.

In the nose, the pathogen can cause sinusitis, runny nose and otitis media.

What is the danger

The pathogen is highly active and reproduces rapidly. The secretions, flowing down the back wall of the pharynx, easily enter the gastrointestinal tract, where infection can cause gastritis, pancreatitis, and enterocolitis.

Problem

Staphylococcal infection has acquired a mutation since the discovery of penicillin antibiotics. And today, most bacteria are resistant to antibiotics of this group. Chemically modified penicillin, mecillin, began to be widely used for control. However, strains of staphylococcus have emerged that are resistant to mecillin, and even to vancomycin and glycopeptide.

How to treat

The basis of treatment is antibiotics and nasal treatment with antiseptics. If the disease is asymptomatic in the nose, antibacterial treatment can be postponed, and more attention can be paid to proper nutrition and strengthening the immune system.

Antibiotics drops

There are two topical antibiotics for staph nasal infections. This is Mupirocin ointment and Fusafungin drops:

  1. Mupirocin (Bactroban) is a nasal ointment used to treat staphylococcus, including methicillin-resistant. The ointment is injected into the vestibule of the nose twice or thrice a day for one week.
  2. Fusafungin (Bioparox) – drops, aerosol. Due to the small size of aerosol droplets, Fusafungin can easily penetrate even into the paranasal sinuses. In addition to being a strong antibacterial, the drug has an anti-inflammatory effect.

Systemic antibiotics

To destroy bacteria and signs of disease, antibiotics are prescribed in tablets or injections. The most effective are:

For a complete cure, you need to take the drugs for a long time. Only a doctor can prescribe the dose and course. We strongly recommend that you refrain from self-medication, and even more so from treating children with this very serious infection.

How can you treat your nose?

To create conditions unfavorable for the growth of bacteria, the nose must be treated:

  1. Chlorophyllipt. A very effective remedy that destroys staphylococcus and promotes the healing of affected areas of the nasal mucosa. You can put cotton wool soaked in chlorophyllipt oil or a solution prepared from tablets into your nose. To treat a child, you can use chlorophyllipt oil, diluted half with vegetable oil.
  2. Zelenka. Safe for children. Staphylococcus is very sensitive to ordinary brilliant green. It is recommended to treat damaged areas of the skin from the outside; the mucous membrane can be burned.
  3. Staphylococcal bacteriophage. Treatment of staphylococcus began to be successfully carried out using staphylococcal bacteriophage. This medicine is in the form of a liquid that contains bacterial viruses. Phage viruses destroy Staphylococcus aureus, including antibiotic-resistant ones. Bacteriophages can be combined with antibiotics, but it is still recommended to take antibiotics after completing the course. Staphylococcal bacteriophage has no contraindications or side effects. You can take it orally and at the same time make applications with a cotton swab in the nasal cavity. Treatment is carried out for 7–10 days.
  4. 1–3% hydrogen peroxide. A bactericidal agent that helps fight ulcers. To apply it to the nasal mucosa, it must be brought to a concentration of 0.25% - dilute 3% hydrogen peroxide with water in a ratio of 1:11. Treat the nose with a jet or a moistened swab.
  5. Vishnevsky ointment. Used as a healing agent.

Complex therapy

Staphylococcus aureus depletes the body. Therefore, to strengthen the defenses, it is necessary to take immunomodulators - Immunal, Broncho-munal, Derinat and IRS-19 (nasal drops). Immunomodulators strengthen the immune system and restore the body's defenses.

If Staphylococcus aureus develops in the nose, the patient is additionally recommended to take dietary supplements, multivitamin preparations with the addition of basic micro- and macroelements. They raise vitality and strengthen the body exhausted by the disease.

Folk remedies

To combat staphylococcus in the nose, even in children, folk remedies help. They are safe, affordable and convenient for treatment at home. Products containing vitamin C are especially effective for the immune system - these are rosehip infusions, tea and blackcurrant compote. For the same purpose, it is useful to eat fresh apricots, broccoli, sauerkraut, sour antonovka, citrus fruits and cranberries.

Treatment of infection caused by staphylococcus at home can be done in different ways. Medicines can be taken orally, used in the form of inhalations or lotions.

  1. Steam inhalations with vinegar added to water.
  2. Ingestion of comfrey infusion, juice of parsley roots and celery will help cope with the infectious process and pus in the nose.
  3. You can instill a decoction of burdock (burdock) root into your nose.
  4. You can boost your immunity by consuming echinacea tincture.
  5. Rinse your nose with chamomile, a decoction of sage, and calendula.
  6. In case of severe purulent process, ineffective use of antibiotics in both adults and children, it is recommended to use mumiyo. It is necessary to dilute the product with water in a ratio of 1:20. Take 50 ml before meals, 2 times for adults, 1 time per day is enough for a child. Treatment should be continued for 2 months.

Childhood and pregnancy

In both children and pregnant women, the choice of therapy should lean towards soft, gentle methods. Infusions of herbs and drugs with antibacterial activity for rinsing the nose and throat help. For children, antibiotics are recommended to be used in drops and ointments.

For pregnant women, antibiotic treatment is prescribed only in severe cases of the disease, when the pathogenic effect is pronounced. Drugs for oral use in pregnant women should be kept to a minimum.

For children, the infection is very dangerous - it can quickly spread to the intestines and other tissues and cause sepsis. Therefore, even a newborn child needs to be treated. For children, it is not the bacteria themselves that are more harmful, but their toxins. More often, staphylococcus appears after a child has had cytomegalovirus and herpes infections.

Prevention

To prevent the disease, it is necessary to timely diagnose the source of infection - caries, conjunctivitis, adenoids - and begin its treatment. An important point is maintaining immunity. People who eat right, exercise, and practice good hygiene are resistant to the effects of staphylococcal infection.

If an infection is detected in a child, all members of his family must be tested. A positive result means they require simultaneous treatment. After 3 months, a control analysis is done. Next, you need to take a smear every spring and autumn. The health of the child and your entire family is in your hands.

In conclusion, I would like to emphasize that treatment of Staphylococcus aureus can be very difficult and take a long time. The pathogenic nature of the infection is due to the fairly rapid development by bacteria of high resistance to the antibiotics used during treatment. Therefore, during treatment, you need to constantly do smears to test the sensitivity of staphylococcus to antibiotics.

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Staphylococcus aureus in the nose: treatment and diagnosis

An increase in body or local skin temperature, symptoms of intoxication, along with the development of various types of suppuration, often indicate the pathological development of external bacterial microflora. The most common infectious agents are staphylococci, 3 types of which can cause dangerous diseases. At the same time, treatment of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose requires special caution due to the increased likelihood of bacteria developing resistance to antibiotics and their tendency to migrate along the mucous membrane. Another unfortunate aspect is the possibility of receiving an additional highly resistant strain at a medical facility when visiting them. Therefore, it is important to promptly contact a qualified dermatologist.

Features of the pathogen

Staphylococcus aureus bacteria can only be called pathogens conditionally, since in approximately 40% of people (depending on the country of residence) they live in the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx, and in almost all of them they exist on the skin. Due to its high survival rate and tendency to move through soft tissues when the immune system is weakened during diseases that attack immunocompetent cells, bone marrow, or when the body is severely depleted.

As the bacteria progress, they can cause:

  • acne
  • pyoderma with residual skin erosions
  • furunculous changes
  • phlegmon
  • burn-like syndrome.

If the spread of the colony is not stopped at these relatively low-risk stages, then there is a high risk of:

  • Bacterial meningitis (caused not only by meningococcal infection, but also by Haemophilus influenzae or Staphylococcus aureus). In addition, it can pave the way for other pathogenic agents.
  • Pneumonia during the passage of the respiratory tract.
  • Osteomyelitis.
  • If it enters the heart sac, it results in endocarditis, which threatens to spread throughout the body with the onset of sepsis and toxic shock.

In all of the above cases, clarification of the cause of immune problems and specialized treatment is required. Staphylococcus aureus is not afraid of direct sunlight, oxygen and hydrogen peroxide in concentrations characteristic of a conventional external preparation. Medical alcohol is also not able to stop opportunistic microorganisms - they can withstand high concentrations of the drug for more than 10 minutes. The bacteria live near the sweat glands and are accustomed to saline solutions.

The most dangerous strains of bacteria are those capable of producing the enzyme coagulase. They are capable of not only destroying cells, but also increasing the coagulability of blood plasma.

How does a nasal infection occur?

According to statistics, the most common cause of exacerbations is autoinfection, i.e. the disease is caused by Staphylococcus aureus that has already lived and has not previously manifested itself. This complication of the situation is facilitated by:

  • Immunodeficiencies and exacerbations of herpes.
  • Mutations of a colony of microorganisms.
  • Long-term chronic conditions and mental stress.
  • Hypothermia.
  • Prolonged course of viral infections.

Microorganisms can be transmitted from other people (including healthcare workers) through:

  • Direct contact with objects used by another patient or carrier, or through touch.
  • By airborne droplets.
  • During medical operations and examinations (for example, bronchoscopy or gastric examinations).
  • At birth in a maternity hospital in case of congenital disorders of the immune system.

Symptoms associated with staph infection in the nasopharynx

Staphylococcus aureus in the nose, the treatment of which can create a lot of problems, causes symptoms characteristic of a whole bunch of diseases. General signs of an infectious nature of the disease include:

  • Temperature increase.
  • Dizziness, aches and a feeling of weakness due to bacterial toxins.
  • Runny nose with discolored snot or nasal congestion.
  • Swelling of the mucous membranes, leading to difficulty breathing.
  • Redness of the epithelium.

More specific symptoms are associated with the appearance of purulent formations in the vestibule of the nose and in the mucous membrane and the appearance of an unpleasant odor due to cell death and accumulation of pus. Often microbes quickly reach the paranasal sinuses, causing acute sinusitis. They are characterized by localized nagging pain, radiating to the forehead, infraorbital area and even the teeth. The discomfort is especially aggravated when bending forward.

Staphylococci often lead to rhinitis-like conditions that develop into chronic rhinitis. The first manifestations at the stage of dry irritation last several hours and are not taken seriously by a person. They are followed by a profuse runny nose, accompanied by irritation and expansion of the mucous membranes, and sneezing and tearing often begin. This is due to the dilation of blood vessels, increasing their permeability to plasma and irritation of local exocrine glands. On days 4-5, with improper treatment or severe weakening of the immune system, the disease turns into a mucopurulent form. With it, the snot acquires an emerald, or less often yellowish, tint due to the destruction of bacterial cells and leukocytes. If the disease lasts more than 20 days, then there is a high risk of becoming chronic.

The severity of symptoms depends on the reaction of the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx. With their hypertrophy, the course is more pronounced, up to a lack of oxygen due to narrowing of the respiratory tract. With atrophy, pathological processes are less pronounced, but the ability to recognize subtle odors is reduced due to impaired nutrition of the olfactory receptors. If the patient experiences a decrease in the sensitivity of the hearing organs, the infection spreads to the auditory tubes connecting the nasopharynx to the middle ear chamber, which threatens inflammation of the latter.

In addition to the direct excitation of diseases, due to the flow of pus and mucus through the digestive tract, the pathological process creates additional stress on the activity of the glands that produce gastric juice and specific immunocompetent cells of the gastrointestinal tract. If psychological stress is superimposed on this, provoking an increase in the production of hydrochloric acid, then the risk of developing gastritis, duodenitis, colitis and other inflammatory diseases increases sharply.

Features of treatment

Experts determine how to treat the disease after sowing a bacterial culture in the laboratory and testing its components for resistance to available antibiotics. Since one person may have several populations of microorganisms resistant to different agents, therapy may lead not to recovery, but to a bias in favor of one of the strains. However, antibiotics may be given immediately if there is a high risk of dangerous complications. This practice is not popular, since the destruction of other types of microorganisms on the skin will release a lot of nutrients and accelerate the proliferation of staphylococcus.

For an accurate diagnosis, a smear is taken, 12 hours before which it is forbidden to use toothpastes or mouth rinses. If the doctor warns that a smear will be taken from the throat area, then in the morning before the procedure you should not drink or eat food.

The easiest way to deal with ulcers located outside. They can be treated with brilliant green (“green”), since the cell wall of this type of bacteria is bound by aniline dyes. Therapeutic tactics and referral to the hospital should be determined by the doctor, taking into account all the risks of complications and the patient’s condition. Additionally, when treating at home or on an outpatient basis, everything possible is done to normalize the immune system and strengthen its fight against bacterial infection. For this:

  • The patient is transferred to bed rest.
  • The room temperature is maintained at 19-22°C.
  • Complexes of vitamins and immunostimulants are prescribed depending on violations of one or another branch of the immune system.
  • It is recommended to rinse your nose with dissolved chlorophyllipt, gargle and/or instill its oil solution.
  • In case of severe obstruction of the airways, vasoconstrictor drops are prescribed for 2-4 days.

The use of antibiotics in the form of nasal drops is not recommended, since this form of drug delivery does not ensure constant maintenance of the concentration of the active substance. As a result, it becomes easier for bacteria to develop resistance and the patient will have to select a different type of antimicrobial drug, often more expensive. To avoid the spread of infection down the respiratory tract, it is recommended to gargle with solutions of Furacilin or Miramistin.

An antibiotic therapy regimen should only be selected by a qualified specialist. In this case, potent drugs from the lincosamide series (for example, Vancomycin), cephalosporins (Cefalixin, Cefalotin) are often selected, or a drug close to the beta-lactam group is prescribed in combination with clavulanic acid (like Flemoclav). If in a seriously ill patient the symptoms of intoxication go far, an toxoid is additionally prescribed.

Difficulties in treating patients with penicillin-resistant pathogens

Staphylococcus aureus, which is resistant to most penicillin antibiotics, was able to be treated only after the production of a modified drug, methicillin. It is not destroyed by the enzymatic systems of most strains of staphylococci. However, in the world of pharmacy and microorganisms there is a constant arms race, expressed in the gradual adaptation of microbial communities to the drugs being produced. Thus, today there are methicillin-resistant staphylococcal colonies, vancomycin- and glycopeptide-resistant variants of pathogens.

Clindamycin and co-trimoxazole are used against methicillin-resistant variants in hospitals; tetracycline antibiotics can be used to treat adults. When purulent pustules that resemble blisters from burns form, therapy with mupirocin is prescribed. Additionally, treatment may be prescribed with the help of bacteriophages - viruses that attack bacterial cells. In some cases, doctors even have to use drugs containing metal salts that bind the walls of super-resistant bacteria, despite the serious side effects of this group of drugs.

Features of treatment in pregnant women

Due to the overload of the body's hormonal and immune systems during pregnancy and after childbirth, a woman becomes especially vulnerable to infection or transformation into a pathogenic form of Staphylococcus aureus. The situation for pregnant women is complicated by the impossibility or extreme undesirability of using antimicrobial pharmaceuticals that have a potential teratogenic effect (leading to fetal deformities). Therefore, it may be necessary to maintain the body until delivery or resort to treatment with bacteriophages or immunoglobulins.

Source: http://gorlonos.ru/nose/drugie/stafilokokk-zolotistyj-v-nosu.html

8 antibiotics against staphylococcus in the nose

Staphylococcus in the nose is an infectious disease caused by bacteria from the genus Staphylococcus. Bacterial infection of the nasal mucosa without proper and timely treatment can lead to the development of purulent processes and severe infectious diseases. Staphylococcus in the nose should be treated immediately. This will allow you to quickly eliminate the unpleasant symptoms of the disease and avoid serious complications.

Staphylococcus is the most common infection that affects the nasal mucosa

Types of staphylococci

Modern science knows more than 25 types of staphylococcal bacteria. Among them, 3 species are considered pathogenic. They are causative agents of a whole range of diseases of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and skin.

Let's take a closer look at the types of these pathogenic bacteria.

  • Staphylococcus aureus is the causative agent of most bacterial infections of the upper respiratory tract. Lives in the nasal cavity and armpits. Staphylococcus aureus in the nose causes the development of chronic runny nose, sinusitis, sinusitis, and pneumonia.
  • Saprophytic bacteria cause inflammatory processes in the bladder and kidneys in women.
  • Staphylococcus epidermidis lives on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes. With such localization, microorganisms do not pose a threat to human health. However, if they enter the blood, inflammation of the inner lining of the heart may occur.

Symptoms of a bacterial infection

Symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus infection appear in patients with varying degrees of severity. For a long time, a person may not even suspect that he is a carrier of pathogenic microorganisms. This is precisely why staphylococcus is dangerous. In the vast majority of cases, the disease is diagnosed during bacterial testing.

Staphylococcus under a microscope: the disease is detected only when tested for bacterial culture

Signs of staphylococcus are most pronounced in children. The child develops skin rashes and, if left untreated, develops digestive problems.

Other symptoms of staphylococcus in the nose in adults and children appear depending on the disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms.

Let's look at the main signs of a bacterial infection in the nose.

  1. Redness of the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx.
  2. Chronic rhinitis.
  3. Nasal congestion.
  4. Cyclic increase in body temperature.
  5. The appearance of pustules in the nose and nasopharynx.
  6. If staphylococcus in the nose of a child or adult provokes atrophy of the mucous membranes, then itching and a feeling of dryness in the nasal passages occurs, and in some cases, loss of smell is possible.
  7. If staphylococcal bacteria cause the development of sinusitis, then the patient suffers from chills, runny nose, and fever. Possible swelling and redness of the facial skin.

Routes of infection

There are 4 ways of infection by staphylococcal bacteria.

  • Contact path. Bacteria are highly resistant to environmental factors. Thanks to this, microorganisms are transmitted by contact, penetrating into the body from the external environment through damaged areas of the skin.
  • Artificial path. Bacteria often enter the human body during a medical examination through instruments or during surgery.
  • Pathogenic microorganisms live on the surface of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, so they are often transmitted by airborne droplets.
  • The nutritional route is through food. Staphylococcus aureus can live and multiply in food (baked goods, milk, canned fish).

A child can be infected with the disease through breastfeeding

How to cure staphylococcus in the nose

Treatment of staphylococcus in the nose is most often carried out only in cases where the bacterium is the causative agent of recurrent infectious diseases. However, these pathogenic microorganisms themselves are not safe, so it is necessary to treat staphylococcus in the nose immediately after identifying infected areas.

Treatment of staphylococcal infection begins with taking antibacterial drugs. The following antibiotics show high activity against staphylococcal bacteria:

  1. Oxacillin is a semisynthetic antibiotic of the penicillin group.
  2. Vancomycin is a tricyclic antibiotic active against most types of bacteria.
  3. "Amoxiclav" is an abiotic drug whose main active ingredient is amoxicillin (an antibiotic of the penicillin group). The dosage of Amoxiclav is determined individually depending on the age of the patient and the nature of the disease.
  4. Ofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract.
  5. Ceftriaxone is a third-generation antibiotic with a broad spectrum of action.
  6. Clindamycin is an antibiotic effective for respiratory tract infections.
  7. Claritomycin is a semisynthetic antibiotic that is prescribed for sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections.
  8. Cloxacillin is an abiotic substance from the group of semisynthetic penicillins, effective for diseases of the ENT organs.

Treatment for Staphylococcus aureus in the nose includes the use of topical medications. Solutions “Chlorophyllipt” and “Staphylococcal bacteriophage” are effective in the treatment of bacterial infections.

Depending on the nature of the disease, treatment of staphylococcus in the nose may include taking immunomodulatory drugs and vitamin complexes to strengthen the patient’s immunity.

Staphylococcus should be treated under the supervision of a specialist. Self-selection of medications, especially antibiotics, increases the risk of complications - the spread of infection throughout the body.

Prevention of bacterial infections

Let's consider the basic preventive measures that will reduce the risk of getting a staphylococcal infection into the body.

  • Compliance with personal hygiene rules.
  • Prevention of colds, ARVI and flu.
  • Timely treatment of acute respiratory diseases and viral infections.
  • Timely treatment of open wounds and skin lesions with antiseptic agents.
  • Balanced nutrition, consumption of fresh, thermally processed foods.
  • Timely identification and elimination of possible foci of infection.
  • Rejection of bad habits.

Source: http://nasmorkoff.ru/nose/8-antibiotikov-protiv-stafilokokka-v-nosu/