For asthmatics, cleanse the bronchioles

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Cleansing the bronchi with natural remedies

Cleansing the bronchi consists of two steps: stopping smoking and removing toxins using natural means. Before you start cleaning your bronchi, you need to take care of the cleanliness of your intestines.

Table of contents:

There are many ways to cleanse the intestines at home (read the section in the top menu of the site). The intestines and kidneys must be activated to effectively remove toxins from the body. It is difficult for the respiratory system to clean itself alone, so it should be helped. To do this, we will be looking at the best natural remedies, but before you start cleansing, the first thing you need to do is quit smoking once and for all!

Natural remedies for bronchial cleansing

The bronchi smoothly pass into the lungs, forming the bronchial tree (read here). Bronchioles branch and end in alveoli. Our body receives oxygen through the bronchi, but if the bronchial system does not work properly, various diseases occur. For example, cough, sputum, bronchial asthma, inflammation, complaints that are related to bronchial health. Let's consider natural remedies that will gently cleanse the bronchi and protect against various diseases.

To strengthen and cleanse the bronchi, it is recommended to drink tea with the addition of ginger daily. Ginger has an excellent effect on the lungs, removes toxins, and strengthens the immune system. In addition, ginger treats cough, bronchitis, facilitates mucus discharge, and cleanses the lungs after prolonged smoking. Daily dose of ginger tea: 1 – 3 glasses. It is fashionable to brew ginger in a teapot along with regular tea (green, black), or in its pure form. For one teapot (300 ml) you will need 1 cm of raw ginger root.

Rosemary tea is great for the respiratory system. Rosemary has a strong anti-inflammatory effect, improves digestion, helps with colds, flu, and stimulates phlegm discharge. To cleanse the bronchi, it is recommended to brew rosemary once a day (1 tsp per 250 ml of boiling water). In addition, rosemary oil ointments have a healing and cleansing effect, which can be used to treat cough (sputum discharge).

Mullein helps with coughs, colds, and flu. It cleanses the airways, bronchi, and improves breathing. The herb can be purchased in capsule form or as tea. It is recommended to use the herb 2 times a day for 10 days.

Liquorice and anise mixture

This mixture perfectly cleanses the bronchi and lungs, removes mucus, and helps with coughs, asthma, and bronchitis. It is recommended to brew the mixture 2 times a day (1 tsp per 250 ml of boiling water). Duration of cleansing: days.

Thyme perfectly cleanses the bronchi and lungs of toxins, mucus, harmful tobacco substances, and tars. The secret of thyme is the presence of the active substance thymol, which cleanses, relieves inflammation, and removes bacteria from the respiratory tract. Contraindications: pregnancy.

To cleanse the bronchi, it is recommended to drink 1 cup of decoction in the morning and evening. To do this, pour 200–300 ml of boiling water over 1 teaspoon of herb, bring to a boil, then wait 10–15 minutes until it infuses. The thyme cleansing course will take about 2 weeks.

Dry American elm bark is used to treat pulmonary and bronchial diseases. The bark promotes the removal of mucus, relieves inflammation, strengthens the immune and entire respiratory system. Contraindications: pregnancy, breastfeeding. The plant is sold in capsule or powder form. Use according to instructions.

Lime and pine leaves

Tea made from lime and pine leaves will help treat bronchial ailments. Pine leaves have anti-inflammatory properties, reduce elevated body temperature, reduce cough, and relax the chest muscles.

A mixture of lime and pine leaves should be brewed 2 times a day. Take 10 g of the mixture, pour 300 ml of boiling water, wait for 10 minutes. You can drink tea with honey to enhance the healing effect.

Carrot juice with honey

For cleansing the bronchi, removing phlegm, and treating coughs, honey mixed with carrot juice is an excellent remedy. Carrot juice is rich in beta-carotene and vitamin A. When combined with honey, it acts as a natural antibiotic and cleanser.

Take 2 raw carrots, puree them, add 100 ml of boiled water and 2 tablespoons of honey. Take the drink 2 times a day before meals.

Sandalwood inhalation helps cleanse the pulmonary system. Steam relieves inflammation, eliminates nasal congestion, removes mucus, and cleanses the bronchi. For 2 liters of water you will need 3 – 6 drops of essential sandalwood oil. Breathe over the steam for 10 minutes. Repeat 1 – 2 times a day.

Eucalyptus copes with swelling, inflammation, treats pulmonary diseases, and is good for the bronchi. For 1 liter of boiling water you will need 5 g of eucalyptus leaves. It is recommended to drink 1 cup of tea several times a day. In addition, you can make a steam bath with dry eucalyptus leaves. To do this you will need 2 liters of boiling water and 100 g of leaves. Breathe over the steam for 10 minutes. Cover your head with a towel to retain steam. You can also read about cleansing the lungs with herbs.

Source: http://izlechimovse.ru/ochishhenie-bronhov-prirodnymi-sredstvami

sputum does not come out due to asthma

If sputum does not come out well: what to do?

With various respiratory viral diseases, there are often cases when sputum does not come out; what to do with this course of the disease is not always clear, especially if this phenomenon occurs in a child. Removing sputum is a very important point, since the faster the bronchi and lungs are cleared of excess mucus, the faster the disease will recede.

In addition, the accumulation of large amounts of mucus in the lungs and bronchi is a predisposing factor for the appearance of the inflammatory process and many complications, since wet, thick mucus is an ideal habitat for pathogenic microflora that causes respiratory diseases.

Causes of difficulty draining sputum

During normal operation, the bronchi secrete a fairly large amount of mucus, which is necessary for the normal functioning of the body's respiratory system. However, when the bronchial mucosa is damaged, mucus production increases significantly in response to the appearance of an irritant. In addition, to this mucus are added impurities of toxins secreted by microorganisms, as well as the contents of the nasal cavity.

As respiratory damage develops, cells produced by the immune system are added to the mucus produced by the mucous membranes, as well as serous and purulent inclusions in the case of a serious inflammatory process accompanied by necrosis or purulent lesions.

The processes of damage to the mucous membranes by pathogenic microflora lead to the mucus becoming thicker and more viscous, which makes it difficult to remove. To remove phlegm, the body has a special mechanism that provokes a cough. However, if the sputum has too thick a consistency, the body cannot push it out of the bronchi by coughing, since the mucus sticks to the walls of the bronchi. When it is difficult to remove mucus, the cough is usually unproductive, so its attacks can significantly intensify over time, which aggravates the general condition of the patient.

Nikolay Z, Male, 24 years old

The amount of sputum in bronchial asthma

Hello! I would like to know how much sputum should be released during an exacerbation of asthma. It seems to me that I don’t have enough phlegm coming out + an almost complete absence of cough (phlegm comes out mostly in the morning, after sleep). The district pulmonologist prescribed Seretide (salmeterol + fluticasone) without the use of expectorants. I have been using it for a month and a half now, and the amount of sputum produced has not increased. Recently I also underwent planned treatment for candidal esophagitis in the hospital, after discharge (literally while driving home) I felt severe difficulty breathing (inhalation) and a feeling of constriction, but did not use Ventolin, in the hospital I used Seretide as prescribed, 2 breaths 2 times. Inhalation is not always difficult, sometimes it’s possible to breathe calmly and inhale deeply (full chest), and sometimes I take half a breath; in the fresh cool air it’s easier to take a deep breath, but not always. I used to smoke, but now I quit. Could this be due to the accumulation of sputum, and is it possible to use expectorants (and which ones are better) together with the use of seretide? Thank you in advance!

Hello, Nikolay. With bronchial asthma, sputum may not come out. But candidal esophagitis is a serious complication of ICS therapy. After each use of medication, you should rinse your mouth and spit out the water. And perhaps replace fluticasone with another ICS.

Consultation is provided for informational purposes only. Based on the results of the consultation received, please consult a doctor.

Expectorants for bronchial asthma with sputum

Asthma is a chronic disease of the respiratory tract. Sputum in bronchial asthma is a sign of a long course of the disease. There are several reasons why mucus collects.

  1. Muscle spasm reduces the rate of secretion excretion.
  2. Changes in quality, mucus becomes thick and viscous during illness.
  3. Adhesion (sticking) to the bronchi increases during exacerbation of the disease.

Experts have combined the listed reasons for the occurrence of such sputum in bronchial asthma into one concept - rheological properties. All these pathological symptoms create conditions for the collection of sputum in the bronchi and throat area.

During the period of deterioration of the rheological properties of the secretion, stagnation of sputum occurs. The glands of the submucosal layer of diseased bronchi increase the production of secretions. It accumulates without having time to move away as it should. A sore throat, hoarse cough, lack of air are signs of an attack of bronchial asthma, provoked by the accumulation of secretions. Obstruction of the bronchi, which results from deformation, is also an unpleasant manifestation. Deformation of the bronchial tree can occur decades after the onset of the disease. Treatment for bronchial asthma must be competent. Prescriptions of medications that improve the condition should only be obtained from a good specialist.

Treatment with expectorants

Sputum is an altered secretion mixed with saliva and mucous sinuses, secreted during expectoration. Normally, the tracheobronchial secretion volume should not exceed ml per day. This liquid is usually swallowed by a healthy person. During pathological processes in the throat and bronchi, sputum can be released from several ml to 1 liter per day. The consistency of sputum can be liquid, thick and viscous.

How to get rid of phlegm in the lungs. completely clear the patient's airways? Expectorant medications can help in this situation. Properly formulated therapy with expectorant drugs can completely free the bronchi from excess mucus.

Sputum is secretion from the respiratory system during coughing and expectoration. Sputum consists of saliva, secretions from the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and sinuses.

The nature of sputum discharge is determined by the developing pathology of the patient. A change in the nature of sputum discharge indicates a change in the course of the disease. For example, fetid or putrefactive sputum may indicate severe damage to the bronchi or lungs.

Sputum is collected from patients for laboratory testing. In one day, the patient can lose up to one and a half liters of sputum.

At the same time, you must always remember that sputum, which is a biological fluid, can be potentially dangerous to others. For example, with the development of some forms of tuberculosis, the sputum may contain pathogens in very high concentrations. In such a situation, sputum must be collected and processed very carefully. To collect sputum, special vessels with glass lids are used.

Sputum formed in the respiratory organs interferes with the normal respiratory process, which is why it must be eliminated. Partial removal of sputum from the body occurs during coughing. Effective sputum discharge occurs when the patient is placed in a special drainage position.

Sputum discharge - color

Normal sputum has a clear, colorless consistency. If the sputum is greenish in color, this may indicate purulent impurities that have a greenish tint. Such sputum can be discharged with an abscess in the lungs, with gangrene of the lung tissue, as well as with actinomycosis of the lungs.

The red color of the sputum indicates that it contains blood. Red bloody sputum can be observed in diseases such as the last stages of tuberculosis with hemoptysis, lung cancer, pulmonary infarction, asthma of cardiac origin and pulmonary edema.

Why doesn't the phlegm come out? For more details, look inside.

123 Student (8), closed 4 years ago

I have asthma. In the spring o. I had bronchitis. Wet cough, variable remote wheezing.

Saw: Ascoril, Erespal, ACC, breathed Lazolvan through a nebulizer. There was no phlegm coming out at all. And with the subsequent wet cough nothing comes out.

Why doesn’t the phlegm come out if I take so many effective medications?

Added 4 years ago

Because I'm in remission.

1. Ascoril helps asthmatics, there is also salbutamol. Everyone praises, but it doesn’t help me (

Well, ACC doesn’t do anything for me, it doesn’t affect my asthma.

Added 4 years ago

I'm allergic to litter. herbs only

and in general IgE - 10

Galina Russkova (Churkina) Artificial Intelligence (116964) 4 years ago

I have secondary bronchitis, I have been undergoing treatment for four years. I was in the hospital 2 times, and was treated as an outpatient 4 times. I've been suffering for so many years now. I haven’t used any herbs and I still don’t cough up thick mucus. They took injections of prednasone, and my immunity was completely gone. I suffer every night. Don't give up, go to the doctor again, let them look for a cure. Good luck to you.

Nastya =) Student (166) 4 years ago

If you have asthma, then naturally it doesn’t go away! sputum in asthma will only come out with proper basic therapy (foradil, etc.)

and Lazolvan, this is generally an incomprehensible medicine for children with colds

call a doctor or try Berotec/Berodual

and damn, how can a normal doctor allow him to give it to an asthmatic>

and no herbs until you have done an allergy test! it can also cause an attack

Zhanna Dmitrienko Thinker (9090) 4 years ago

If you have asthma, why is there not a single antihistamine on the list of your “effective” medications? This is essential

Sofia Skobeleva Artificial Intelligence (227903) 4 years ago

Try herbs. Ledum, plantain, elecampane. It’s better to brew it in a steam bath, but I do it right in the jar, then I take it all day long. You can also brew it in a thermos. Or try our simple bromhexine. It happens that serious things don’t help, but cheap things will help. There's grass there too. 2-3 tables each. at once Only it cannot be combined with ACC. Get treatment! Look for yours.

Source: http://mediatr.ru/post/190-ne_othodit_mokrota_pri_astme

Clearing the lungs and airways back

The respiratory system occupies a very important place in human life. A person may not eat or drink for several days, but he must breathe every second. If a person holds his breath for a while, he will certainly feel physical discomfort after a few seconds. Together with breathing, the blood is saturated with oxygen. Unfortunately, the current environmental situation in the country is very difficult. Every day a person inhales air polluted by exhaust gases and other harmful substances. With age, any person accumulates a large amount of phlegm and mucus in the respiratory organs. As a result, the lungs suffer. Of course, if a person is completely healthy, which is an extremely rare occurrence today, then his lungs cleanse themselves. But many people are turning to methods and remedies to cleanse the lungs and airways.

Small bronchioles and bronchi are responsible for the physiological cleansing process and removal of tissue breakdown products and toxic substances from the body. Mucus accumulates in the lungs and bronchi due to disruptions in the process of removing toxins from the body. It can accumulate in the body due to excessive consumption of sweet, starchy and fatty foods. Tuberculosis, bronchitis, tracheitis, pneumonia and other diseases cause inflammation in the respiratory organs, resulting in damage to the epithelium of the bronchial tree. The most common cause of sputum formation is smoking. If phlegm enters the intestines in large quantities, this causes slagging and other health problems. Therefore, it is very important to use methods and means of cleaning the lungs and respiratory tract from nicotine and other harmful substances.

With bronchitis, tracheitis and other infectious and viral diseases, sputum accumulates in the lungs and bronchi, which contains toxins and harmful microorganisms. Over time, they disintegrate, as a result of which immunity decreases, pulmonary diseases appear and a cough occurs, which brings a lot of trouble, physical and psychological discomfort. In order to get rid of cough, they resort to the use of expectorants. These drugs activate the receptors of the mucous membranes, increase the movement of sputum and facilitate its removal, resulting in the cleansing of the lungs and respiratory tract. Mucolytics thin the mucus and prevent it from binding.

Cleansing the lungs and airways allows you to maintain the health of the whole body, strengthen the immune system, improve heart function and get rid of toxins and waste.

Cleaning the lungs and airways is especially important for:

- heavy smokers and people who are exposed to passive smoking while in bars, underground passages and other places where they smoke;

— persons who work in conditions of severe air pollution. These could be miners, builders, road repair workers, combine operators and others;

— people whose activities involve the use of paints, glues and other chemicals. These could be furniture makers, car mechanics, painters, plasterers, hairdressers and others;

— persons suffering from chronic respiratory diseases;

— persons living in environmentally polluted areas.

Products designed to cleanse the lungs and respiratory tract help remove mucus and dilate small bronchi. The components of plant origin included in their composition have an antimicrobial, antibacterial, antispasmodic, expectorant, antiseptic and bronchodilator effect.

If you need to cleanse the lungs and respiratory tract, it is recommended to pay attention to drugs that include the following medicinal components:

- marshmallow, which has an anti-inflammatory, expectorant, wound-healing and enveloping effect. It protects mucous membranes from inflammatory processes, kills all microbes and toxins, thins mucus and promotes its release from the respiratory system. Marshmallow is indispensable for bronchial asthma and pneumonia. It is recommended for use by long-time smokers;

— black elderberry flowers are recommended to be used to cleanse the lungs and respiratory tract, for colds and pulmonary diseases. Elderberry has antibacterial powers. It helps increase the body's resistance;

— marigold flowers (calendula) kill influenza viruses and help with upper respiratory tract diseases;

— eucalyptus has expectorant properties and promotes deep cleansing of the respiratory system;

— bear fat helps cure diseases of the bronchopulmonary system and cleanse the body of bacteria and infections;

— badger fat is a valuable medicinal product. Used to cleanse the lungs, for pulmonary and other serious diseases.

Products for cleaning the respiratory tract and lungs are recommended to be combined with inhalations based on essential oils, walks in the pine forest and therapeutic exercises. Under such conditions, your breathing will be easy and your health will be strong.

Source: http://lekopro.com/articles/13

How to cleanse the bronchi from accumulated pus?

You should definitely know the reason for the excessive formation of sputum - perhaps it is an allergic reaction. You should seek the opinion of a specialist. And be healthy.

Large bronchi conduct air into the lungs, small bronchi (bronchioles) perform a more complex function: by contracting and expanding, they regulate the working volume of the lungs. Bronchitis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi.

In metaphysics, the bronchi are associated with the family. Bronchitis appears when some problems arise in the family (for example, a quarrel occurs). A person is very worried, he feels angry, since these problems pose a threat to his usual existence in his territory. He may even have a desire to break off relations with one or more family members, but he does not dare to do this because of feelings of guilt. He does not dare to enter into open confrontation, gets tired and becomes despondent. He can't get what he needs, but he doesn't talk about it. This person should take his place in the family on his own, without waiting for others to help him do this.

If you suffer from bronchitis, it's time for you to start approaching life more joyfully and simply. You shouldn’t worry so much about what’s happening in your family. You must understand that there are no families in which absolute harmony would always reign. Your family members' views may differ from yours - this is quite normal. Instead of taking what is happening too personally, try to live the way you see fit and do not be influenced by other people, even if they are members of your family. You should not be discouraged, but resist, and without the slightest feeling of guilt. You must take your place, your territory. At the same time, try to respect the right of other people to live the way they want.

Spiritual blockage and imprisonment

To understand the spiritual blockage that is preventing you from meeting an important need of your true Self, ask yourself the questions given in the section REMOVING BLOCKS. The answers to these questions will allow you not only to more accurately determine the real cause of your physical problem, but also to eliminate it.

Source: http://otvet.mail.ru/question/

Bronchi

The human respiratory system consists of several sections, including the upper (nasal and oral cavity, nasopharynx, larynx), lower respiratory tract and lungs, where gas exchange directly occurs with the blood vessels of the pulmonary circulation. The bronchi belong to the category of the lower respiratory tract. At their core, these are branched air supply channels that connect the upper part of the respiratory system with the lungs and evenly distribute the air flow throughout their entire volume.

The figure shows the bronchi of the lungs

Structure of the bronchi

If you look at the anatomical structure of the bronchi, you can note a visual resemblance to a tree, the trunk of which is the trachea.

The inhaled air enters through the nasopharynx into the windpipe or trachea, which is about ten to eleven centimeters long. At the level of the fourth to fifth vertebrae of the thoracic spine, it is divided into two tubes, which are the bronchi of the first order. The right bronchus is thicker, shorter and located more vertically than the left.

The zonal extrapulmonary bronchi branch off from the first order bronchi.

Second-order bronchi or segmental extrapulmonary bronchi are branches from the zonal ones. There are eleven of them on the right side, ten on the left.

The bronchi of the third, fourth and fifth order are intrapulmonary subsegmental (i.e., branches from segmental areas), gradually narrowing, reaching a diameter of five to two millimeters.

Next comes an even greater branching into lobar bronchi, about a millimeter in diameter, which, in turn, pass into bronchioles - the final branches of the “bronchial tree”, ending in alveoli.

Alveoli are cell-shaped vesicles that are the final part of the respiratory system in the lung. It is in them that gas exchange with blood capillaries takes place.

The walls of the bronchi have a cartilaginous ring structure that prevents their spontaneous narrowing, connected by smooth muscle tissue. The inner surface of the canals is lined with mucous membrane with ciliated epithelium. The bronchi are supplied with blood through the bronchial arteries, which branch from the thoracic aorta. In addition, the “bronchial tree” is penetrated by lymph nodes and nerve branches.

Main functions of the bronchi

The task of these organs is by no means limited to carrying air masses into the lungs; the functions of the bronchi are much more multifaceted:

  • They are a protective barrier against harmful dust particles and microorganisms entering the lungs, thanks to the mucus and epithelial cilia present on their inner surface. The vibration of these cilia promotes the removal of foreign particles along with mucus - this occurs with the help of the cough reflex.
  • The bronchi are capable of detoxifying a number of toxic substances harmful to the body.
  • Bronchial lymph nodes perform a number of important functions in the body’s immune processes.
  • The air, passing through the bronchi, warms up to the desired temperature and acquires the necessary humidity.

Major diseases

Basically, all diseases of the bronchi are based on a violation of their patency, and therefore difficulty in normal breathing. The most common pathologies include bronchial asthma, bronchitis - acute and chronic, bronchoconstriction.

Bronchial asthma

This disease is chronic, relapsing, characterized by a change in the reactivity (free passage) of the bronchi when external irritating factors appear. The main manifestation of the disease is asthma attacks.

In the absence of timely treatment, the disease can cause complications in the form of pulmonary eczema, infectious bronchitis and other serious diseases.

Blockage of the bronchi in bronchial asthma

The main causes of bronchial asthma are:

  • consumption of agricultural products grown with the use of chemical fertilizers;
  • environmental pollution;
  • individual characteristics of the body - predisposition to allergic reactions, heredity, unfavorable climate for living;
  • household and industrial dust;
  • a large number of medications taken;
  • viral infections;
  • disruption of the endocrine system.

Signs of bronchial asthma manifest themselves in the following pathological conditions:

  • rare periodic or frequent constant attacks of suffocation, which are accompanied by wheezing, short inhalations and long exhalations;
  • paroxysmal cough with the release of clear mucus, leading to pain;
  • Prolonged sneezing can be a warning sign of an asthma attack.

The first thing you need to do is relieve the asthma attack; for this you need to have an inhaler with the medicine prescribed by your doctor. If bronchospasm does not go away, you should urgently call emergency help.

In each specific case, individual treatment is prescribed after diagnostic procedures and identification of the causes of the disease. But it will always be useful to maximally cleanse the body of parasites and toxins, and remove all possible allergens from those suffering from bronchial asthma. You should adhere to taking natural anti-allergy medications that will help clear your airways.

Bronchitis

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the walls of the bronchi. The reasons under the influence of which the disease occurs may be different, but mainly the penetration of damaging factors occurs through the upper respiratory tract:

  • viruses or bacteria;
  • chemical or toxic substances;
  • exposure to allergens (if predisposed);
  • long-term smoking.

In most cases, acute bronchitis is caused by viruses and bacteria.

Depending on the cause, bronchitis is divided into bacterial and viral, chemical, fungal and allergic. Therefore, before prescribing treatment, a specialist must determine the type of disease based on test results.

Like many other diseases, bronchitis can occur in acute and chronic forms.

  • Acute bronchitis may take several days, sometimes weeks, and is accompanied by fever, dry or wet cough. Bronchitis can be a cold or an infection. The acute form usually passes without consequences for the body.
  • The chronic form of bronchitis is considered a long-term illness that lasts several years. It is accompanied by a constant chronic cough, exacerbations occur annually and can last up to two to three months.

The acute form of bronchitis is given special attention in treatment to prevent it from developing into a chronic form, since the constant impact of the disease on the body leads to irreversible consequences for the entire respiratory system.

Some symptoms are characteristic of both acute and chronic forms of bronchitis.

  • The cough at the initial stage of the disease can be dry and severe, causing chest pain. When treated with sputum thinners, the cough becomes moist and the bronchi are released for normal breathing.
  • Elevated temperature is characteristic of the acute form of the disease and can rise to 40 degrees.

After determining the causes of the disease, a specialist doctor will prescribe the necessary treatment. It may consist of the following groups of medications:

  • antiviral;
  • antibacterial;
  • immuno-strengthening;
  • painkillers;
  • mucolytics;
  • antihistamines and others.

Physiotherapeutic treatment is also prescribed - warming up, inhalations, therapeutic massage and physical exercise.

These are the most common bronchial diseases, having a number of varieties and complications. Considering the seriousness of any inflammatory processes in the respiratory tract, it is necessary to make every effort not to trigger the development of the disease. The sooner treatment is started, the less damage it will cause not only to the respiratory system, but also to the body as a whole.

Source: http://pulmones.ru/bronhi

Treatment methods for bronchial asthma

Translated from Greek, the word “asthma” means “suffocation”; it is also called “shortness of breath” coming from the bronchi. The bronchi and bronchioles resemble a tree with branches extending from the trachea. Bronchioles are vessels with a diameter reaching tenths of a millimeter. How to cure bronchial asthma?

What is bronchial asthma?

If you are diagnosed with bronchial asthma, you should not despair, since it can be cured if you apply complex treatment.

The bronchi and bronchioles are the air-conducting zone. The respiratory bronchioles contain alveolar ducts responsible for gas exchange. The blood is saturated with oxygen through the air that moves through the bronchioles. The smallest bronchioles are filter pores for air, where it is heated and cleansed of excess particles. The inner surface of the bronchi is covered with cells with cilia, which, together with mucus, prevent harmful particles from penetrating into the internal filter of the bronchi and lungs and direct them into the pharynx, protecting the bronchi from chemical burns.

The presence of antimicrobial substances helps protect the bronchi from viruses and prevents the development of infection. The mucociliary mechanism of the mucous membrane cleans the air so that a person can breathe normally. Muscles (smooth muscle) regulate air flow. By contracting, the muscles cause spasm (compression) of the bronchial tree, which prevents various particles from entering the lungs and reduces pollution of the air flow.

With asthma, the lumen of the bronchial tree decreases, air flow decreases and exhalation becomes difficult. Possible obstruction of the patency of the smallest bronchi and bronchioles. When an attack of suffocation occurs, the body begins to protect itself from the effects of aggressive factors. If a healthy person comes out into the cold from a warm room, then the temperature of the inhaled air immediately changes. The bronchi will begin to narrow with a reduction in the space between the walls. If dust gets into the respiratory tract, the secreted sputum will absorb it and remove it back without damaging the alveoli or preventing foreign matter from entering.

In asthmatics, the body will react to external changes with greater force. Much more sputum will be produced. It is thicker in composition and contains a larger number of epithelial tissue cells (eosinophils), which make the sputum glassy. This makes it difficult to remove it from the respiratory tract and interferes with the exhalation of air.

Types of asthma and medications used for treatment

  • for atopic (allergic);
  • infectious-dependent (due to viral infections, chronic bronchitis or repeated pneumonia);
  • physical exertion asthma (when an attack of suffocation occurs after physical exertion);
  • dishormonal (during menopause);
  • psychogenic (due to prolonged psycho-emotional stress or mental shock).

Asthma manifests itself as paroxysmal cough and shortness of breath, even suffocation. At the same time, glassy sputum is released. Before this, mucus is released abundantly from the nose with sneezing and coughing. Asthma is characterized by a short inhalation and a long exhalation. Attacks more often occur at night or in the morning, body temperature rises.

It is necessary to undergo an examination so that the doctor prescribes comprehensive treatment, which can last a long time. If the attack drags on and is not controlled by asthma medications, only an ambulance will help.

It is convenient to use dosage forms in the form of aerosols for inhalation. Seizures are relieved with Berodul, Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent), Orciprenaline, Salbutamol (Salamol, Ventolin), Fenoterol hydrobromide (Berotek), Formoterol (Foradil).

By being patient and following all the recommendations, taking only those medications prescribed by your doctor, you can get rid of asthma forever. To stop and prevent attacks, medications are used only when necessary or in short courses.

Drugs that are taken constantly will not relieve the onset of an attack, but will reduce the readiness of the bronchi to spasm. These medications are prescribed for long-term or permanent use. Most often, the doctor prescribes hormonal drugs. Glucocorticoids in aerosols (Beclametasone, Budesonide, Fluticasone propionate, Flixotide) are inhaled.

Alternative medicine believes that asthma can occur due to a chronic decrease in energy potential. It is difficult to perform an inhalation that lasts longer than a lighter exhalation. An asthma attack begins due to hyperventilation, oxidative stress and resulting spasms of small vessels of the extremities, stagnation in the central venous system and sweating of blood plasma through the porous membranes of the alveolar capillaries.

Treatment of asthma with essential oils

Complex treatment includes herbal preparations and essential oils. To say “no” to asthma, it is recommended to take up to 3 drops of pure essential oil orally for a month. Treatment with essential oils should be supervised by a physician. You can add them to any vegetable oil (1 tablespoon) or honey, moisten a piece of bread and put it into mashed bread, swallow and wash it down with water.

You will get a delicious tea for asthma if you mix essential oil (8-10 drops) and dry tea leaves in a 200 ml teapot. The mixture should brew for 3-5 days, after which boiling water is poured into the kettle. The effect of this medicine has a beneficial effect on the bronchi and the general condition of the patient.

Anti-asthmatic essential oils are: cypress, eucalyptus, lavender, lemon, mint and rosemary, pine and bergamot. You must first do an allergy test. Only a doctor can do this. These oils are added to baths (up to 12 drops), used for rubbing the chest, and added to massage oil. It is useful to massage and use biologically active points.

It will become easier to breathe, and asthma will be curable if you use aroma lamps or aroma lamps and add essential oils, 2 drops per 5 m³. Scent bed linen with fingers lubricated with essential oil. Wrapping yourself in damp, scented sheets helps with attacks. Cover yourself with dry blankets, put on a shirt or robe and rest for about an hour.

It is useful to take a course of breathing exercises according to the method of K. P. Buteyko, a course of paradoxical breathing according to the system of A. N. Strelnikova, and learn how to perform economical breathing. To breathe economically, you need to relax the muscles of the body and inhale air without noise, without straining, make a thin stream through the nose, slowly expanding the chest and abdomen. The exhalation is voluntary without a pause, the same time is spent as for inhalation. Breathing should be calm, peaceful and focused.

Useful tips for treating asthma

To avoid allergies, the “provoker” of an asthmatic attack, your doctor may advise you to stay away from dust collectors: fur coats, carpets, canopies, curtains. All kinds of soft toys, figurines and books should be kept on glass shelves. Pets, pillows and mattresses made from down and feathers, woolen and cotton blankets are excluded; it is recommended to use synthetic ones. They have high airiness and maintain humidity levels.

Bed linen should be made of natural material that does not cause allergies, does not attract dust and is odorless. Bedding should be washed more often to prevent bed mites from accumulating. A five-minute wash in water at a temperature of + 25˚C is the most effective and easiest way to combat allergens.

Treatment of asthma will be successful if you dry your bed linen in direct sunlight in the summer and freeze it outside in the winter. There is no asthma in those who do daily wet cleaning, using vacuum cleaners with a dust collector with thick walls and a valve system, or with aqua and nera filters. Special anti-allergenic additives are used for washing vacuum cleaners.

You can defeat asthma with a course of three-phase breathing. It trains the breathing apparatus and develops control over the muscles that carry out the breathing process.

Three-phase breathing is based on the use of resistance in a stream that is exhaled through the mouth while simultaneously pronouncing hissing combinations of sounds. It is necessary to fix your attention on the pause before inhalation after exhalation.

Bronchial asthma in choleric and sanguine people

Treatment of asthma is carried out in accordance with the patient's temperament. A choleric person (“bile”) constantly feels dry in the nose and bronchi, and there are sinusitis and acute sinusitis. Therefore, choleric people should not wash their nose, even if the doctor advises it. Rinsing may cause allergies or nosebleeds and fever.

For choleric people, the following treatment with traditional methods is recommended. Before taking medications, it is necessary to cleanse the large intestine with a decoction of buckthorn bark. You need to say “yes” to hirudotherapy and blood purification with a decoction of burdock or dandelion root, and “no” to hot and spicy dishes, salty and fatty foods, citrus fruits, sour fruits, tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants and fermented foods.

Treatment is performed with clay compresses on the chest and a tasty medicine made from elecampane or licorice root powder mixed with honey. You need to take the product (1 tbsp) into your mouth and make sucking movements for a long time. For choleric people, asthma will be curable if they begin to wear medicinal minerals. Medallions made of tiger eye, sunstone, lapis lazuli, carnelian will relieve irritation in the throat and nose. There are no drilled holes on the healing medallions. The leather cord is threaded into the glued ring.

Treatment with herbal infusion has a beneficial effect. Mix the flowers of calendula and chamomile, the fruits of anise, the leaves of peppermint, wild rosemary, plantain, coltsfoot, the roots of licorice, and elecampane in equal proportions by weight. The collection (1 tbsp) is steamed in a thermos (250 ml) with boiling water. After infusion (2-3 hours), drink 50 ml three times a day after meals.

Sanguine people (“blood”) constantly complain of hyperemia. The doctor notes increased blood filling of one or another area in the peripheral vascular system. The patient often has a fever with dry mouth and throat, burning in the chest, bitterness in the mouth due to sputum with an unpleasant taste, he is thirsty, he often suffers from bronchitis and acute respiratory infections, so the doctor will prescribe treatment to relieve the symptoms.

There are no contraindications for this composition of herbs for infusion: mix the fruits of anise, fennel, flax seed, and thyme in equal parts by weight. For steaming 1 tbsp. l. the mixture needs boiling water (250 ml). A minute after infusion under the lid, everything is filtered and the infusion is taken warm three times a day, 50 ml. Treatment is performed with sedatives and relaxants. They wear lapis lazuli medallions.

Bronchial asthma in phlegmatic and melancholic people

Phlegmatic people (“mucus”) do not need to be in the cold often. The mucus will become thick and will be difficult to remove from the body. The disease is manifested by sticky saliva, swelling, heaviness in the head, surges in blood pressure, apathy and loss of appetite, inflammation of the tonsils and frontal sinuses, filling of the lungs with moisture, which causes hoarse sounds, and the appearance of clear or white sputum. Shortness of breath, coughing with vomiting, and the face turns blue. The doctor will prescribe treatment to strengthen the lymphatic system and treat problems in the throat and frontal sinuses.

Treatment is carried out with therapeutic vomiting, performed every day (two weeks) in the morning. For this purpose, drink licorice tea (3 tbsp) and wash it down with water and sea salt (1 tsp per 0.5 l). By filling the stomach, they mechanically induce vomiting. Contraindicated in hypertensive and hypotensive patients, in the presence of a diaphragmatic hernia, peptic ulcers, cardiovascular diseases, the elderly and children. You should not overeat or sleep too much to avoid triggering an asthma attack. It is necessary to cleanse the body by taking flaxseed oil (1 tsp) up to 3 times a day, eat dry food, excluding cow's milk and cottage cheese, starch, unripe and sour fruits, sugar and cucumbers, watermelons and wheat.

Often, the doctor recommends stopping and preventing an attack by passively inhaling through the nose and actively exhaling with effort. First you need to breathe at a slow pace, then gradually increase the speed, taking 30 exhalations and minute breaks. It is useful to inhale the smoke of wormwood and rub your chest with rough gloves, carefully rubbing in a little sea salt or soda.

You need to wear a tiger eye medallion and put a warm compress with sea salt and clay on your chest (do not heat). It is useful to infuse (3 hours) mullein flowers (5 pcs per 1 tbsp. boiling water) and drink warm, 1/3 tbsp. three times a day before meals.

Melancholic people (“black bile”) have the hardest time withstanding asthmatic attacks. They are always disturbed by external stimuli: traffic jams, sharp sounds, unpleasant odors, lack of sleep. They sweat little, get excited and get tired quickly. The disease manifests itself as wheezing and coughing. They often suffer from constipation, restlessness and the need for warm drinks due to constant thirst and dry mouth. The doctor may prescribe treatment using cleansing microenemas (in the morning and at night) with heated sesame oil or a decoction of calamus, fennel or ginger with sea salt (1 tsp per 1 liter of decoction).

You should wear a sunstone medallion, drink tea or hot milk with mullein flowers. You should not eat raw food, peas, beans, legumes, or foods that cause fermentation. You can eat warm, fatty and moist foods, sour juices from lemon, dogwood, melon, pumpkin and watermelon, goat milk, grape juice mixed with aloe juice and sesame oil (1 tsp).

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What medicinal herbs will help cleanse and strengthen the bronchi?

The bronchi are a vital organ connecting the trachea to the lungs. They are the ones that allow oxygen to enter our body, so it is very important to ensure that they remain healthy. In this article we will talk about how to do this correctly and what medicinal herbs to pay attention to.

Why is the health of our bronchi so important?

The bronchi expand inside the lungs and branch into small bronchioles. Thanks to them, we receive oxygen and can breathe, so our breathing and physical activity depend on the ability of the bronchi to function normally. If their function is impaired, we will get tired more quickly and will not be able to cope with everyday tasks effectively.

From time to time we suffer from a cough and get tired quickly. The cause may be inflammation, mucus in the lungs, or worse, asthma. The condition becomes seriously worse if you suffer from allergies.

In fact, there are many diseases associated with our bronchi, and they must be treated quickly to prevent the development of serious complications.

We will show you which medicinal herbs can help you.

Medicinal herbs that will cleanse and strengthen the bronchi

1. Ginger root

Ginger is a medicinal root that is practically indispensable in the home. It has many beneficial properties, so it is always wise to drink a cup or two once a day. But do you know what ginger can do for your lungs?

Thanks to a compound called 6-gingerol, we can strengthen our bronchi and lungs, allowing them to get rid of mucus, toxins, many allergens and phlegm. You can drink two cups a day, preferably after meals. You will see, your condition will quickly improve.

2. Thyme infusion

Have you tried thyme infusion yet? It tastes very good and is good for digestion. In addition, it is an indispensable remedy for keeping our lungs and bronchi healthy. The secret of the action of this plant lies in the presence of an active substance called thymol. It is what cleanses the lungs, treats bronchial infections and helps us get rid of bacteria living in the respiratory tract.

Take thyme infusion twice a day. Once in the morning, and another time in the evening, after dinner.

3. American elm infusion

Don't worry, you can easily find it at the pharmacy too. This is a plant that is used primarily to treat problems with the lungs and bronchi. It has powerful healing potential. Its two main properties are that it dissolves mucus in the lungs and relieves inflammation of irritated tissues, increasing our body's defenses and strengthening our entire respiratory system as a whole.

Undoubtedly, this is one of the best medicinal herbs used to treat respiratory diseases since ancient times. It can also be used to make poultices.

4. Rosemary infusion

It has almost the same properties as rosemary, but is able to relieve inflammation more quickly, so we recommend taking the infusion only once a day, immediately after lunch. In addition, rosemary is good for digestion and helps to recover from the flu and other lung diseases.

Remember to drink plenty of fluids, including one cup of rosemary infusion per day. It is also recommended to rub yourself with rosemary oil. It warms, refreshes and acts as an expectorant. Have no doubt.

5. Mullein infusion

This plant is not very well known, although it has powerful properties. Do you know what the main advantage of this plant is? It treats coughs and clears the airways so that we can breathe better. It can be found in the pharmacy in various forms: in infusion bags or capsules.

If you decide to take it in capsules, remember that the recommended dose is 200 mg twice a day. If you take it for 10 days, you will see quick results.

6. Infusion of anise and licorice

Very original and tasty. Mix anise seeds with licorice root and you will get an excellent remedy for reducing mucus in our lungs, ideal for treating coughs and asthma. This infusion relieves inflammation of the respiratory tract and treats inflammation of the bronchi. This is a universal medicine that is equally suitable for both children and adults.

Take the infusion twice a day, morning and evening. All the necessary ingredients can always be found at the pharmacy. They are vital for the health of your lungs and bronchi, as well as maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Don't smoke, drink enough fluids, exercise, and avoid places with heavy pollution. To prevent pulmonary diseases, take care of yourself and drink the decoctions listed above at least once a day.

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Bronchoscopy: preparation, indications, how it happens, results, consequences after the procedure

Bronchoscopy is a procedure that allows you to examine the trachea and bronchi from the inside, take a section of suspicious tissue for histological examination, remove a foreign body, and clear the airways of viscous sputum. This is the most informative method for studying the tracheo-bronchial tree. It allows you to see minimal formations and tumors, but only in the trachea, large and medium bronchi. Bronchoscopy of the bronchi is also the optimal way to clean (lavage) the airways in those people who have to be on mechanical breathing for a long time.

About bronchoscopy - more details

Bronchoscopy is a procedure that is performed only in a hospital. Under local (treatment of mucous membranes with lidocaine) or general anesthesia, the doctor inserts a special device into the respiratory tract - a bronchoscope, which is either a flexible or rigid tube. At one end of the device there is an illuminator, the other ends with an optical system, where the doctor looks directly with his eyes.

There are holes on the side of the bronchoscope where you can connect:

  • syringe: for rinsing the respiratory tract or for aspirating sputum for analysis;
  • electric suction: it will “suck” sputum or blood - the contents of the trachea and bronchi;
  • special forceps or brushes for taking biopsies;
  • coagulator electrode – a device for cauterizing bleeding vessels.

For these instruments, there is a special channel in the body of the device through which they pass. In addition, the device can communicate with video equipment so that the doctor assesses the condition of the bronchi, looking not into the “tube” of the device itself, but by looking at the monitor.

Typically the bronchoscope is inserted through the mouth. Some doctors use a laryngoscope for this - a device that will simultaneously illuminate the path for the bronchoscope and squeeze the root of the tongue and the epiglottis - the cartilage into which the flexible bronchoscope can rest.

Since bronchoscopy is vital in many cases (for example, if there is an injury or malformation of the neck and breathing needs to be done using a breathing apparatus), the bronchoscope can be inserted through the nose.

Also, if the patient breathes through a tracheostomy (an opening in the trachea through which a special cannula connected to a breathing apparatus is inserted), the bronchoscope is inserted directly into the tracheostomy opening. In this case, separate anesthesia is not required.

What does bronchoscopy show:

  • trachea;
  • the main ones are the right and left bronchi;
  • lobar bronchi: three on the right, two on the left.

The bronchoscope does not visualize smaller bronchi and bronchioles. If there is a suspicion that a tumor or inflammation is located there, a computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scan is performed.

We hope that it is clearly explained what it is - bronchoscopy of the lungs, although it is more correct to call this manipulation simply bronchoscopy (it means “visualization of the bronchi”).

Indications for bronchoscopy

You need to undergo a bronchoscopy if:

  • there is shortness of breath in the absence of heart pathologies or bronchial asthma;
  • I have a cough, but X-rays show nothing;
  • there is hemoptysis;
  • bronchitis and/or pneumonia often recur;
  • foul-smelling sputum is produced;
  • there is a feeling of incomplete inhalation or exhalation, while diseases of the heart and thoracic spine are excluded;
  • there was rapid weight loss in the absence of any diets;
  • have cystic fibrosis;
  • An X-ray of the lungs reveals a disseminated process - many areas of darkening, which can be either metastases or pulmonary tuberculosis;
  • according to computed tomography data, it is impossible to distinguish an area of ​​suppuration from lung cancer with decay;
  • a diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis has been established;
  • it is necessary to establish the cause of severe pneumonia when the patient is on mechanical breathing;
  • it is necessary to evaluate the dynamics of treatment after resection of the lung and bronchus;
  • repeat bronchoscopy is needed after the tumor has been removed using this technique;
  • if dilation or narrowing of the bronchi is visible on the x-ray.

This is a diagnostic bronchoscopy and is used to make a diagnosis.

There is also a treatment procedure that is used when:

  • a foreign body has entered the respiratory tract;
  • It is impossible to perform tracheal intubation in order to transfer the patient to artificial ventilation: for surgical intervention or in critical situations. This is a coma caused by various reasons; conditions when breathing is switched off (cervical spinal cord injuries, botulism, myopathies);
  • you need to clear the airways of phlegm or blood. This is extremely important in the treatment of pneumonia, especially against the background of cystic fibrosis, when the sputum is very viscous;
  • pulmonary bleeding must be stopped;
  • one of the bronchi was blocked by a tumor, adhesions or sputum, resulting in atelectasis (exclusion of a section of the lung from breathing);
  • it is necessary to remove pus from the lung abscess located near the bronchus;
  • pneumonia is severe: it is better to inject an additional antibiotic directly into the desired bronchus.

Basically, bronchoscopy is performed using a flexible bronchoscope – fiberoptic bronchoscope. It is quite thin and can bend in different directions. But in some cases, it is necessary to introduce a rigid (metal) device that does not bend and cannot be inserted into the bronchi that extend at an angle.

Indications for bronchoscopy with a rigid bronchoscope are the removal of foreign bodies, expansion of bronchi narrowed by inflammation or adhesions. It is more convenient to put a stent (an expanding tube made of rigid corrugated plastic) on a rigid bronchoscope and install the latter into the narrowed bronchus. It is best used during thoracic operations - in the treatment of conditions associated with the entry of pus, air or liquid into the pleural cavity, as well as pulmonary hemorrhage. Then, using a bronchoscope, you can block the bronchus on the painful side, where surgeons work, and ventilate the second lung with the device.

Virtual bronchoscopy

In addition to rigid and flexible bronchoscopy, another type of examination has been developed - virtual bronchoscopy. It is a computed tomography scan of the lungs and bronchi, which is processed by a special computer program that recreates a three-dimensional image of the bronchi.

The method is not as informative, but it is non-invasive. With it, you cannot take a sputum test, rinsing water or a biopsy of a suspicious area, you cannot remove a foreign body or rinse the bronchi from sputum.

No preparation is required for a virtual biopsy. According to the method of execution, it does not differ from computed tomography. The patient lies down on a couch that is placed inside the X-ray source.

Although X-ray radiation is low-dose, the method is not suitable for children and pregnant women.

How to prepare for manipulation

Preparation for bronchoscopy is very important, since the manipulation is very serious, classified as invasive and requires only special equipment and special skills from the doctor.

Therefore, you need to start with a detailed conversation with your therapist. He will tell you what specialist consultations are needed. So, if a person has suffered a myocardial infarction, he needs, in agreement with the cardiologist, to increase the dose of beta blockers 2 weeks before the study. If a person suffers from arrhythmia, he needs to reconsider antiarrhythmic therapy and possibly increase the dose of drugs or add some other antiarrhythmic drug. The same applies to diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension.

Also, everyone needs to undergo the following studies and show their results:

  • X-ray or CT scan of the lungs.
  • ECG.
  • Blood tests: general, biochemical, coagulogram.
  • Blood gas analysis. This requires venous and arterial blood.

The last meal is no later than 8 pm. Then you can take your last scheduled pills. The need to take them in the morning is discussed separately.

Be sure to empty your bowels in the evening using an enema, Microlax microenema (Norgalax), glycerin suppositories.

You are not allowed to smoke on the day of the test. Immediately before the procedure, you need to empty your bladder. You must take a towel or diaper with you so that you can dry yourself after the examination; for those suffering from arrhythmia - antiarrhythmic drugs; for those suffering from bronchial asthma - an inhaler. Removable dentures will need to be removed.

It is imperative to familiarize the doctor who will perform the procedure with previous diseases and allergies, as well as medications that you are constantly taking.

Course of the procedure

Learn more about how bronchoscopy is performed. First, let's talk about how this procedure is performed without anesthesia - under local anesthesia:

  1. The patient comes into the office, he is asked to undress to the waist and then either lie down on a couch in the middle of the room, or sit on a chair near the equipment.
  2. He is given an injection under the skin - in the shoulder area. Usually this is the drug “Atropine” - a drug that will suppress the secretion of saliva and bronchial contents. It makes your mouth dry and your heart rate increases.
  3. The drug can be administered intramuscularly. This is soothing to make the manipulation easier to bear.
  4. Also, the drugs “Salbutamol” or “Berodual” are sprayed into the mouth. They are needed to expand the bronchi.
  5. Next, the doctor administers local anesthesia. He sprays or lubricates an anesthetic (usually lidocaine 10%) at the root of the tongue and a little deeper. The outer part of the bronchoscope is also treated with the same solution.
  6. After this, they begin to carefully insert the bronchoscope into the mouth. Before insertion, a mouthpiece, a plastic device that holds the teeth, may be inserted into the mouth. This is necessary to ensure that the patient does not bite through the bronchoscope.
  7. If bronchoscopy is performed in a supine position, the doctor, going around the patient’s head, can insert a laryngoscope into his mouth and larynx. This is also accompanied by spray of local anesthetic into the respiratory tract. The laryngoscope will open the way for the bronchoscope, so the latter will be inserted faster and safer.
  8. Let's be honest: the introduction of a bronchoscope will be accompanied by a gag reflex, as well as a feeling of lack of air. The first is due to the fact that the root of the tongue is affected. But there is not enough air, since the bronchoscope will take up 3/4 of the diameter of the trachea. To eliminate both of these effects, you need to breathe frequently and shallowly (“like a dog”).
  9. The study is carried out quite quickly so as not to cause severe hypoxia. Oxygen levels should be monitored using a pulse oximeter. Its sensor – a “clothespin” – is put on your finger.

During bronchoscopy, do not bend over so as not to damage the airways with the bronchoscope (especially if a rigid device is used).

If bronchoscopy with biopsy is performed, it is painless. There is only discomfort behind the sternum. The bronchial mucosa has virtually no pain receptors. The introduction of lidocaine before manipulation is due to the need to turn off vagal (from the word “nervus vagus” - “vagus nerve”) reflexes from the root of the tongue and vocal cords, which can lead to cardiac arrest.

If bronchoscopy is performed under anesthesia, it is performed with the patient lying down. Then the injections are performed intravenously, and the person falls asleep as a result. A rigid polypropylene tube is inserted into his trachea, which is connected to a breathing apparatus. For some time, air is pumped into the lungs with a breathing apparatus (exhalation occurs spontaneously), then a bronchoscope is inserted through the tube, and bronchoscopy is performed. A person does not feel how a bronchoscopy is done.

The procedure under anesthesia is performed in children, people who are very afraid of the procedure, and people with unstable mental health. It is performed on patients who have already been on mechanical breathing, as well as when surgical intervention is necessary.

After the procedure

After bronchoscopy you feel:

  • heaviness or pressure behind the sternum - during the day;
  • numbness of the oral cavity and larynx - for 2-3 hours;
  • hoarseness or nasal sound – for several hours;
  • You may cough up sputum streaked with blood.

The following rules must be followed:

  • stay in the hospital for 3 hours under the supervision of staff;
  • Do not eat, drink or smoke for 3 hours. Food and food can enter the trachea, while smoking impairs the healing of the mucosa after manipulation;
  • do not drive for 8 hours, as drugs have been administered that significantly reduce the reaction rate;
  • Avoid physical activity for the next 2-3 days.

It is also necessary to monitor your condition. Must not be:

  • discharge from the respiratory tract of blood in the form of clots or liquid blood;
  • shortness of breath;
  • chest pain when breathing;
  • temperature rise;
  • nausea or vomiting;
  • wheezing.

Conclusion of bronchoscopy

The doctor writes the first results of bronchoscopy immediately after the examination. These words could be:

  1. Endobronchitis. This is an inflammation of the inner lining of the bronchus. If it is “catarrhal,” it means that the mucous membrane was red. “Atrophic” - the membrane is thinned. “Hypertrophic” - the bronchial membrane is thickened, therefore, the lumen of the bronchi is narrowed. “Purulent” is a bacterial inflammation; antibiotics are needed. “Fibro-ulcerative” - severe inflammation, leading to the formation of ulcers, which are gradually replaced by scar (fibrous) tissue.
  2. “Dense pale pink infiltrates, rising above the mucous membrane” are signs of tuberculosis.
  3. “Narrowing of diameter”: inflammation, cystic fibrosis, tumors, tuberculosis.
  4. “The neoplasm has a wide base, there are erosions, they bleed, are covered with necrosis, have irregular contours” - signs of cancer.
  5. “Thick sputum, narrowing of the lumen” are signs of cystic fibrosis.
  6. “Fistulas” are signs of tuberculosis.
  7. “Retraction of the bronchial wall, decreased lumen, edematous wall” are signs of a tumor growing from outside the bronchus.
  8. “Spindle-shaped, sac-like dilatations of the bronchi, thick purulent sputum” are signs of bronchiectasis.
  9. “The mucous membrane is swollen, reddened. The walls of the bronchi bulge. There is a lot of clear sputum, not purulent” - signs of bronchial asthma.

Who should not undergo bronchoscopy?

There are such contraindications to bronchoscopy (namely diagnostic):

  • arterial hypertension with diastolic (“lower”) pressure more than 110 mm Hg;
  • mental illness;
  • immobility (ankylosis) of the lower jaw;
  • recent myocardial infarction or stroke (less than 6 months ago);
  • aortic aneurysm;
  • significant rhythm disturbances;
  • coagulation disorders;
  • significant narrowing (stenosis) of the larynx;
  • chronic respiratory failure stage III.

In these cases, virtual bronchoscopy can be performed.

The procedure should be postponed during an acute infectious disease, exacerbation of bronchial asthma, for women - during menstruation and from the 20th week of pregnancy.

When bronchoscopy is intended to assist intubation, or is needed to remove foreign bodies, bronchial stenting or other therapeutic purposes, there are no contraindications. This procedure is carried out jointly by an endoscopist and an anesthesiologist, under anesthesia, after proper intensive preparation.

Complications of the procedure

With bronchoscopy, the consequences may be as follows:

  • bronchospasm - compression of the walls of the bronchi, which causes oxygen to stop flowing into the lungs;
  • laryngospasm - the same as the previous complication, only the glottis (larynx) spasms and closes;
  • pneumothorax – entry of air into the pleural cavity;
  • bleeding from the bronchial wall (may occur during biopsy);
  • pneumonia – due to infection of the small bronchi;
  • allergic reactions;
  • mediastinal emphysema - entry of air from the bronchus into the tissue surrounding the heart, large vessels extending from it, the esophagus and trachea;
  • in those suffering from arrhythmia, it increases.

Bronchoscopy in children

Bronchoscopy can be performed in children from the neonatal period, provided that the hospital has a device of such a small diameter. The procedure is carried out only under anesthesia, and after it antibiotics are prescribed.

Bronchoscopy is performed in children when:

  • severe difficulty breathing, most likely caused by a foreign body;
  • accurately determining the presence of a foreign body in the respiratory tract;
  • severe pneumonia, especially against the background of cystic fibrosis;
  • bronchial tuberculosis - to make a diagnosis or stop bleeding;
  • if, in the presence of shortness of breath, an area of ​​atelectasis is visible on the x-ray;
  • lung abscess.

Children are more likely to develop laryngo- or bronchospasm due to the rich blood supply to the respiratory tract. Therefore, general anesthesia is often supplemented with local anesthesia.

In addition, complications may include collapse (a sharp decrease in blood pressure) and anaphylactic shock. Tracheal perforations are extremely rare, since bronchoscopy is performed with flexible bronchoscopes.

Bronchoscopy for tuberculosis

Bronchoscopy for tuberculosis is an important diagnostic and treatment procedure. It allows:

  • using aspiration of bronchial contents and its bacteriological examination, isolate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (especially if the culture was negative) and determine sensitivity to anti-tuberculosis drugs;
  • drain cavities (tuberculous cavities) from necrosis;
  • administer anti-tuberculosis drugs locally;
  • dissect fibrous (scar) tissue in the bronchi;
  • stop the bleeding;
  • assess the dynamics of treatment (this requires repeated bronchoscopy);
  • inspect the stitches after surgery to remove a lung;
  • cleanse the bronchi from necrotic masses and pus when they have broken through there from the cavity or intrathoracic lymph nodes;
  • assess the condition of the bronchi before surgery;
  • remove fistulas - connections between the focus of pulmonary tuberculosis and the bronchus.

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