Antibiotic tablets for pneumonia

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Antibiotics for pneumonia - effective and safe medicines

Inflammation of the lungs begins immediately with chest pain when breathing, severe cough with sputum, and fever. The disease urgently requires hospitalization.

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The patient is prescribed bed rest, special vitamin nutrition, and the main component of the therapeutic process is treatment with antibiotics.

What is pneumonia

Pneumonia is popularly called pneumonia. It is a lower respiratory tract infection with an incubation period of 2 to 10 days and involves the lung tissue. There are several types of disease:

  1. Atypical. Caused by chlamydia, legionella, mycoplasma, that is, atypical microflora.
  2. Aspiration. It occurs when water, food or foreign objects enter the respiratory tract.
  3. Hospital. The disease develops while the patient is in the hospital.
  4. Out-of-hospital. Occurs as a complication after a viral infection. It is often a cause of death due to a severe decrease in immunity.

New generation antibiotics help to avoid complications of pneumonia, which can cause lung abscess, pleural empyema, pneumothorax and other serious diseases. The most serious consequence of pneumonia is respiratory failure. This pathology develops in patients with other chronic diseases or in elderly patients who do not receive adequate antibiotic treatment. Failure often causes death.

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Antibiotics for pneumonia

Given the acute course of the disease, broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs are prescribed without waiting for laboratory tests. Doctors distinguish three degrees of severity of pneumonia. At the mildest stage, intoxication of the body occurs (mild), the patient’s body temperature does not exceed 38°C, the heart beats in a normal rhythm. The patient remains conscious, and X-ray examination reveals a small focus of inflammation localized in the upper lobe of the lung.

In the severe stage, the body temperature immediately increases to 39°C, tachycardia (moderate), intoxication is observed, infiltration is clearly visible on the X-ray. The most severe degree of pneumonia (pleuropneumonia) is characterized by a body temperature of 40°C, the patient is delirious, suffers from shortness of breath, and intoxication is pronounced. Antibiotics are prescribed for pneumonia, taking into account the following factors:

  • stage and severity of the disease;
  • drug toxicity;
  • contraindications;
  • possible manifestation of allergies;
  • antibiotic action spectrum;
  • the speed of penetration of the drug into the body;
  • the rate of development of bacterial resistance to this drug.

Penicillins

The first antibacterial drugs that quickly penetrate tissues and fluids, so they are used for congestive pneumonia. If the causative agent of inflammation is staphylococci or streptococci, then treatment with drugs of this type is effective. When pathology occurs for another reason, other antibiotics are prescribed. Penicillins are administered orally (tablets, suspensions) and through injections (injections). Penicillins include:

Tetracyclines

A group of drugs used in the treatment of pneumonia is becoming increasingly rare. Their instability to the action of microorganisms and the ability to accumulate in tissues is the reason. Tetracyclines have many contraindications: pregnancy, lactation, age under 7 years, kidney disease. Known representatives of this group of antibiotics:

Cephalosporins

They actively act on all bacteria of the cocci group, have excellent antibacterial properties against gram-negative and gram-positive flora, and have an effect on microorganisms that are resistant to drugs of the penicillin group. Adverse reactions include allergies. The intravenous or intramuscular method of administering the drug is used. Antibiotics in this group include the following drugs:

Macrolides

This group of antibiotics for pneumonia is used to neutralize chlamydia, legionella, and cocci. Macrolides are well absorbed, but food intake can slow down the process. Side effects and allergic manifestations are extremely rare. Contraindications include liver disease in patients. Representatives of this category of drugs:

Aminoglycosides

Act on gram-negative aerobic microorganisms. They are used when pneumonia is caused by several types of bacteria, so therapy is prescribed along with antibacterial or antiviral drugs. For example, the effect of the antibiotic Amikacin in atypical pneumonia will be enhanced by the antibacterial Metronidazole. When coadministered, the glomerular filtration rate in the kidneys (excretory capacity) should be monitored. Representatives of the group are:

Fluoroquinols

Medicines actively affect E. coli and Legionella. Today, fluoroquinols occupy one of the leading positions in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia. These are broad-spectrum drugs with the ability to penetrate deeply into tissues. Resistance of microorganisms to fluoroquinols rarely develops due to structural changes in DNA and permeability of the bacterial wall. Known antibiotics of this group:

How to treat pneumonia with antibiotics

Only the doctor decides which antibacterial drugs to take. Self-treatment of pneumonia at home can be fatal. Antibiotic therapy is carried out for no more than 10 days, since many drugs are toxic. For bilateral pneumonia, treatment can be extended for a longer period. The specialist takes into account the general condition of the patient, his age and the dosage form of the drug. A dosage of antibiotic in the blood is needed for it to be effective for a given degree of disease.

In adults

After 18 years of age, antibiotics are prescribed for pneumonia in a dosage calculated individually. For an adult, a doctor may prescribe the use of one drug or several groups of antibacterial agents. Medicines are mainly used in ampoules, because some modern drugs, for example, Ceftriaxone, are not available in tablets. In addition, experts say that antibiotics are more effective if you inject them rather than drink them.

If after 3 days there is no therapeutic effect, the doctor should replace the medicine with another group of antibiotics. Frequently changing medications is also not recommended, so as not to develop resistance of microorganisms to them. When the cause of inflammation is a virus, immunomodulators are additionally prescribed:

In children

Childhood pneumonia is especially dangerous, because it occurs latently after acute respiratory viral infections, and not as an independent disease. The child becomes lethargic, loses appetite, coughs, wheezing, and high fever appear. The basis of pediatric therapy is also antibiotics, which are administered parenterally. Children are prescribed natural and semi-synthetic penicillins or macrolides, in which the duration of treatment lasts no more than 5 days. Previously, pediatricians do a sensitivity test to the antibiotic prescribed for the child.

Video: Treatment of pneumonia with antibiotics

The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials in the article do not encourage self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and make recommendations for treatment based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

Source: http://sovets.net/5919-antibiotiki-pri-pnevmonii.html

List of popular antibiotics for pneumonia in tablets

Antibiotic tablets for pneumonia are used in 80-85% of all identified diseases. It is an essential part of drug therapy. Depending on the severity of the inflammatory process, treatment can be carried out either with drugs from one group or several at once.

The effectiveness of antibiotics in each specific case is determined using laboratory methods. The main method is bacterial culture of secreted sputum on a special medium. Depending on the colony that has developed, the causative agent of the disease is determined and, accordingly, the prescribed medicine.

Assignment Rules

It is important to remember that not a single antibiotic tablet for pneumonia can be prescribed independently by the patient. It is very important to consult a doctor and undergo a series of diagnostic and laboratory tests.

Inflammation of the pulmonary system is a very insidious pathological condition, in severe cases requiring immediate hospitalization in a hospital. Therefore, in order to soften the clinical picture or avoid severe complications, it is necessary to seek medical help at the first symptoms.

There are a number of rules that must be strictly followed when prescribing antibacterial therapy.

  • the doctor usually prescribes treatment from a combination of several medications;
  • when prescribing several drugs at the same time, a combination with different routes of administration into the body is selected;
  • a broad-spectrum antibiotic, which was prescribed before the main pathogen was identified, must be taken continuously (a certain concentration of the drug in the bloodstream must be maintained);
  • after a specific causative agent of pneumonia has been identified, it becomes necessary to add a drug that affects it specifically;
  • It is prohibited to change the dosage of the prescribed drug without consulting your doctor;
  • atypical pneumonia caused by mycoplasmas, chlamydia, legionella and other atypical pathogens also requires treatment with antibacterial drugs;
  • during treatment with antibiotics and after a full course of therapy, it is necessary to take drugs that help restore normal microflora in the intestines;
  • if persistent symptoms of significant improvement occur, interrupting the full course of therapy is strictly prohibited;
  • when the patient’s condition normalizes, you can change injections, antibiotics for pneumonia, available in tablet form;
  • It is recommended to take the antibiotic at certain intervals at the same time;
  • You can take the tablets with clean still water, warm unsweetened tea or liquid jelly.

Features of treatment of the adult population

What antibacterial drugs to take for pneumonia in adults is determined by the severity and prevalence of the inflammatory process and the type of pathogen.

Each of these groups affects certain pathogens, has a specific positive property and has a number of contraindications.

Cephalosporins are broad-spectrum drugs. They have a particularly strong effect on gram-negative bacteria. Can have a detrimental effect on gram-positive bacteria, protozoan microorganisms and fungus.

For pneumonia in adults, cephalosporins in tablet form have been used:

  • Cefixime;
  • Ceftibuten;
  • Cephalexin;
  • Zinnat;
  • Suprax;
  • Cemidexor.

Fourth generation cephalosporins are currently available only in injection form.

Macrolides have a bacteriostatic and bactericidal (in large doses) effect. They can be of natural or semi-synthetic origin.

Penicillins are the first antimicrobial drugs that saved the lives of large numbers of the world's population. Using laboratory and clinical tests, it has been reliably established that the latest generation penicillin - amoxicillin - achieves the greatest effect in combination with clavulanic acid (it passes through the stomach without changes and retains the therapeutic dosage in the bloodstream longer).

The tablets contain the following drugs:

  • Amoxicillin;
  • Amoxil;
  • Ecoclave;
  • Flemoklav Solutab;
  • Panclave;
  • Augmentin;
  • Ampiox.

Aminoglycosides affect both gram-positive and gram-negative flora. Does not affect anaerobes and protozoa. Suppresses Mycobacterium tuberculosis. They are mainly used in addition to the main therapy after the causative agent of pneumonia has been identified.

Available in tablet form:

  • Gentamicin;
  • Isepamycin.

The main disadvantage of this group of drugs is their very high toxicity (the kidneys and hearing organs are severely affected).

Treatment of children

Antibacterial therapy in children is prescribed immediately after diagnosis, without waiting for laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis and identification of the pathogen.

Macrolides and third-generation cephalosporins are the safest in children with moderate or severe forms of pneumonia:

  • Erythromycin;
  • Clarithromycin;
  • Cefotaxime;
  • Cefodox;
  • Azitrox;
  • Azithromycin in tablets or suspension.

Cefotaxime is a completely safe drug, approved for use even in infants. Used for severe disease.

Children under 12 years of age are completely prohibited from using aminoglycosides, as they have a strong negative effect on the liver, kidneys and hearing.

When using antibacterial drugs in children, the following is prohibited:

  • simultaneously with taking antibiotics, give antipyretics (there should be a natural decrease in temperature while taking the medicine);
  • limit the drinking regime (to prevent intoxication of the child’s body, it is necessary to drink plenty of water: water, tea, herbal preparations, compotes, fruit drinks);
  • abruptly stop taking antibiotics after improvement occurs.

Parents should pay attention to the fact that antibacterial drugs that affect the pulmonary system should only be prescribed by a pediatrician.

But it should be borne in mind that then the human body will become less susceptible to antibacterial drugs of previous generations. Self-medication only carries harm and the risk of developing chronic diseases and serious complications.

Quiz: How susceptible are you to lung disease?

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Information

Our immunity is directly dependent on our lifestyle and nutrition. Only a small part of it is initially genetic. Throughout life, a person acquires immune deficiency, which subsequently leads to various kinds of diseases, allergic reactions and poor health. By taking care of your diet, you will also take care of your immunity, which will subsequently save you from many health problems. This test will show you what to pay attention to in your current diet. What to add, what to reduce, and what should be abandoned completely.

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Something needs to be changed urgently!

Judging by your diet, you don’t care about your immune system or your body at all. Most likely, you get sick often, suffer from intestinal problems, and are haunted by a feeling of constant fatigue. It's time to love yourself and start improving. It is urgent to adjust your diet, to minimize fatty, starchy, sweet and alcoholic foods. Eat more vegetables and fruits, dairy products. Feed the body by taking vitamins, drink more water (precisely purified, mineral). Strengthen your body, reduce the amount of stress in your life, think more positively and the transition to a healthy diet will be much easier, you just need to start.

Your immune system is in fairly good condition.

So far, it’s good, but if you don’t start taking care of her more carefully, health problems may begin (if the prerequisites haven’t already existed). Namely, allergies, frequent colds, intestinal problems and other “charms” of life accompany weak immunity. You should think about your diet, minimize fatty, flour, sweets and alcohol. Eat more vegetables and fruits, dairy products. To nourish the body by taking vitamins, do not forget that you need to drink a lot of water (precisely purified, mineral water). Strengthen your body, reduce the amount of stress in your life, think more positively and your immune system will be strong for many years to come.

Congratulations! Keep it up!

You care about your nutrition, health and immune system. Continue in the same spirit and health problems will not bother you for many years to come. Don't forget that this is mainly due to the fact that you eat right. Eat proper and healthy food (fruits, vegetables, dairy products), do not forget to drink plenty of purified water, strengthen your body, think positively. Just love yourself and your body, take care of it and it will definitely reciprocate your feelings.

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How often do you eat fast food?

  • Few times a week
  • Once a month
  • Several times a year
  • I don't eat at all

Do you eat healthy and nutritious food?

  • Always
  • I strive for this
  • No

How often do you eat foods containing high amounts of sugar?

  • Daily
  • Few times a week
  • Once a month or less
  • I don't use it at all

Do you carry out fasting days or any other cleansing procedures?

  • 1-2 times a week
  • Several times a month
  • Several times a month

How many times a day do you eat?

  • Less than 3 times
  • Breakfast lunch and dinner
  • More than 3 times

What type of people do you consider yourself to be?

  • Optimist
  • Realist
  • Pessimist

How often do you eat baked goods and pasta made from light flour?

  • Daily
  • Few times a week
  • Several times a month or less

Do you eat a varied diet?

  • Yes
  • No
  • I eat a variety of foods, but the same dishes for many years

What products do you have for breakfast?

  • Porridge, yogurt
  • Coffee, sandwiches
  • Other

What time do you have breakfast?

  • Before 7.00
  • 07.00-09.00
  • 09.00-11.00
  • Later 11.00

Do you have food intolerances?

  • Yes
  • No

Do you take vitamins?

  • Yes, regularly
  • Every season
  • Very rarely
  • I don't accept it at all

How much pure water do you drink per day?

  • Less than 1.5 liters
  • 1.5-2.5 liters
  • 2.5-3.5 liters
  • More than 3.5 liters

Have you ever had a food allergy?

  • Yes
  • No
  • I find it difficult to answer

What portions do you eat?

  • While it fits
  • I'm still a little hungry
  • I eat up, but not to the point of being full

Are you taking antibiotics?

  • Yes
  • No
  • In case of urgent need

How often do you eat vegetables and fruits?

  • Daily
  • Few times a week
  • Very rarely

What kind of water do you drink?

  • Mineral
  • Cleaned with household appliances with filters
  • Boiled
  • Raw

How often do you consume fermented milk products?

  • Daily
  • Few times a week
  • Once a month or even less often

Do you always eat at the same time?

Source: http://pulmonologi.ru/pnevmoniya/antibiotik-tabletkah.html

Use of antibiotics to treat pneumonia in adults

In recent years, experts have called pneumonia one of the most dangerous diseases of the respiratory system. The only effective treatment is antibiotics. Only these drugs help to quickly eliminate the causes of pneumonia and get rid of the symptoms. In order for treatment to be effective, you need to know which medications are most effective.

Taking and choosing antibiotics

Pneumonia develops against the background of the activity of pathogenic microorganisms that have entered the human body. It is impossible to cope with them without the use of antibiotics in 85% of cases.

Several groups of antibiotics have been developed: depending on the severity of the disease, they can be used individually or as part of a comprehensive treatment program. If the initially chosen drug does not bring the desired result, the doctor prescribes medications from a different group.

Long-term use of antibiotics often leads to intestinal problems. In this regard, doctors recommend taking medications after a course of therapy aimed at restoring the natural microflora in the intestines. In this case, treating pneumonia with antibiotics will not harm the patient's health.

Blood, urine and sputum tests help select the right antibiotics for the treatment of pneumonia in adults. With their help, the doctor determines which bacteria caused the disease. Based on this, the selection of drugs is made.

After the causative agent of pneumonia has been identified in the laboratory, additional testing is carried out to determine its sensitivity to medications. Such an analysis will help determine the group to which the antibiotic should belong.

The method is quite accurate, but the result will have to wait. As a rule, the study takes from 2 to 5 days. In some cases, such delay can be dangerous.

Which pulmonary antibiotic will be effective depends on the patient’s health condition. If the disease has reached a severe stage, then the use of the latest generation of drugs will be required. They have a wider spectrum of action.

Penicillin group drugs

Penicillin was one of the first antibiotics used to treat pneumonia. But if previously they were of natural origin, the drugs used today are most often semi-synthetic.

Natural medicines include benzylpenicillin. It is effective against pneumococcal pneumonia.

Among semisynthetic drugs, Oxacillin and Cloxacillin are popular. The best results are shown in the fight against staphylococcus. Broad-spectrum drugs are considered advanced. These include Ampiox and Amoxicillin. They quickly penetrate the body's cells and successfully fight gram-negative bacteria.

This antibiotic therapy is used for mild pneumonia. It is prescribed for infection with staphylococci and streptococci. Taking penicillin drugs can cause an allergic reaction, diarrhea, colitis and dyspepsia.

Treatment of pneumonia with cephalosporins

Antibiotics for pneumonia, belonging to the group of cephalosporins, are quite effective. They have a wide spectrum of action and successfully fight pathogens. There are four generations of such medications:

  1. First generation. It includes Cefapirin and Cefazolin. This antibacterial therapy is effective for pneumonia caused by cocci.
  2. Second generation. This group includes Cefuroxime and Cefradine. They successfully fight Haemophilus influenzae and Escherichia coli, as well as gonococci and Klebsiella.
  3. Third generation. Its representatives were Cefotaxime and Ceftazidime. They cope well with all bacteria except cocci. Such drugs are used to treat severe pneumonia.
  4. Fourth generation. This group includes Cefpirome. It has a wide spectrum of action, but does not have the desired effect on enterococci.

The only drawback of using such antibiotics for pneumonia is the likelihood of an allergic reaction. Allergy to cephalosporins is observed in 10% of patients.

Macrolides

Pneumonia is successfully treated with macrolide antibiotics. Some time ago they were considered ineffective. This happened due to the inability of specialists to apply them correctly.

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Many doctors simply did not follow the grading program during therapy. Due to this, bacteria began to develop resistance.

But later this omission was corrected. Modern antibiotics for pneumonia show excellent results in the treatment of pneumonia. They cope best with legionella, chlamydia and cocci.

Among the most popular drugs in this group are:

The disease can be cured fairly quickly with these medications. They are quickly absorbed into the tissues and cells of the body. Eating somewhat slows down this process.

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Allergic reactions to macrolides are extremely rare. They are not recommended for use in patients suffering from liver dysfunction.

Fluoroquinolones

Taking fluoroquinolone antibiotics is recommended if you are allergic to all other drugs. The drugs are divided into 3 generations:

  1. Most effective against Legionella or E. coli infections. Weak effect on cocci and chlamydia. Recommended if pneumonia is mild.
  2. Suitable for the treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia in adults.
  3. Eleflox and Tigeron. Works great against anaerobic bacteria.

Medicines of this group are quickly absorbed into the cells of the body. Contraindications to their use include pregnancy and individual intolerance.

Tetracyclines

The treatment of pneumonia in adults begins with the use of antibiotics of the tetracycline group until the pathogen is identified. This is especially true if the disease progresses rapidly and there is no time to wait for test results. The attending physician can prescribe these medications for infection with chlamydia and mycoplasma.

Recently, it has been noted that tetracyclines have become less effective than drugs from other groups. This is due to the fact that microorganisms have developed immunity to them.

This antibiotic for pneumonia has a significant drawback: the ability to accumulate in the bones and tissues of the body. This leads to slow intoxication. Over time, teeth can decay. In this regard, the use of such medications is contraindicated for children, women during pregnancy and lactation, as well as for patients with impaired renal function.

Among the most popular drugs in this group are Tetracycline and Doxycycline.

List of the best antibiotics for pneumonia

If you ask your doctor how to treat pneumonia, his answer will be clear - take antibiotics. The key to successful therapy will be the selection of an effective drug and its correct use. All modern products are available in tablets or injections. Among them, the following can be particularly highlighted:

  1. Amoxiclav. The course of therapy with this drug lasts from 5 to 7 days. The exact dosage is determined by the attending physician. Most often it is recommended to take one tablet once a day.
  2. Clarithromycin. It is taken one tablet per day for 8 days.
  3. Sumamed is a good broad-spectrum antibiotic. Dosage regimen: one tablet per day. The course of therapy is 5 days.
  4. Amoxicillin. With its help, even severe pneumonia is successfully treated. The dosage and duration of administration are selected by the doctor based on the patient’s health condition.
  5. Ciprofloxacin. Antibiotics for pneumonia, used to fight many types of bacteria. It is recommended to take it on an empty stomach. So the absorption of the drug occurs much faster. The duration of treatment can vary from 5 to 15 days depending on the severity of the disease.
  6. Metronidazole. The use of this drug is recommended in case of complications. Most often, one tablet is prescribed twice a day.
  7. Cefepime. A strong antibiotic that quickly eliminates the inflammatory process occurring in the lungs. Available in the form of a solution for injection. The duration of therapy is from 7 to 10 days.
  8. Azithromycin. Prescribed for moderate pneumonia. It is recommended to take the tablets on an empty stomach.
  9. Doxycycline. Belongs to the group of semisynthetic tetracyclines. It can be used to treat mild pneumonia.

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Contraindications and possible side effects

Antibiotic treatment is an integral part of therapy for pneumonia. But taking some medications can negatively affect the patient's health.

Among the main contraindications are the following:

  1. Allergic reactions.
  2. Liver failure.
  3. Kidney diseases.
  4. Pregnancy.
  5. Childhood.

In these cases, the doctor selects the medication especially carefully. The patient's health status and the results of all tests are taken into account.

Long-term use of antibiotics often causes side effects. Diarrhea, attacks of nausea, dizziness, skin rash, swelling, insomnia, and panic attacks may occur.

If you begin to notice such symptoms, immediately consult your doctor. Most likely, you will need to make adjustments to the chosen treatment regimen. Your doctor will tell you which antibiotics are best for pneumonia. The choice of a specific drug is made exclusively by the attending physician based on the patient’s tests.

It is important to remember that uncontrolled use of antibiotics can lead to negative health consequences. It is necessary to strictly follow the dosages prescribed by the specialist.

  • You are tormented by a constant cough with phlegm, shortness of breath and chest pain.
  • You are tired of heavy breathing, fever and weakness every now and then.
  • The prescribed treatment does not help you, or rather, you do not see much use from it.

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Source: http://opnevmonii.ru/pnevmoniya/02-terapiya/primenenie-antibiotikov-pri-pnevmonii.html

Asymptomatic pneumonia

Symptoms and treatment of latent pneumonia

Latent pneumonia, the symptoms of which are mild, is a disease that manifests itself not only in adults, but also in children. When a person gets sick with something and his body begins to fight the virus, then at this time he experiences unpleasant sensations - increased body temperature, cough, shortness of breath, weakness.

All of the above symptoms occur with pneumonia and can be harbingers of trouble. But there are cases when the disease does not manifest itself in any way, and a person can detect it already in the later stages of development. One of these serious diseases is latent pneumonia.

Etiology of the disease

This type of pneumonia can be called silent or hidden, since it is asymptomatic and can be a real threat to humans. This disease is dangerous due to the fact that a person is unaware of his illness and therefore does not carry out any treatment.

But it is most dangerous for newborn children who cannot talk about changes in their well-being. And even when a child’s body temperature rises, parents begin to think that he has a simple ARVI.

This disease develops in people with reduced immunity or in those who spend a long time in a depressed state, but this is only about adults. It may occur due to some chronic diseases or medications.

There are known cases where people became infected with pneumonia after taking cough tablets. After all, these drugs can turn off the cough reflex, and therefore a person cannot protect himself from such a serious disease and does not perform an important function of his body.

Symptoms and signs of the disease

Due to the fact that there are no symptoms of the disease, any ailment and abnormalities in the body can be assessed as the development of another disease. But still it has common characteristics:

  • whistling when inhaling or exhaling;
  • pale facial coverings;
  • tachycardia;
  • blush in the form of a spot;
  • decreased performance and severe fatigue;
  • shortness of breath when doing simple exercises.

But these were the symptoms described for an adult. This disease can also develop in a child. The following features can be considered symptoms:

  • loss of appetite;
  • restless sleep;
  • increased tearfulness;
  • decreased activity.

All of them are classified as general, so it is difficult to identify pneumonia at the initial stage. This is why doctors recommend seeking help for any illness; maybe something more serious is hidden underneath. The presence of infection can only be determined through diagnostics.

When the doctor examines the patient, he will be able to hear strange sounds in the lung area. If you listen closely, you can hear whistles and wheezing. You definitely need to take a blood test, which will confirm the diagnosis and the doctor’s fears.

How to treat diseases

Latent pneumonia is a serious disease, despite the fact that it manifests itself with virtually no symptoms. But if some of them look like pneumonia, then you need to consult a doctor so that he can establish the correct diagnosis and select the correct treatment. Self-medication can lead to serious consequences.

If the doctor has confirmed the diagnosis, then it is necessary, first of all, to identify the causative agent of the disease. Most often, pathogens are of two types:

If the disease occurs due to the use of some medications, then they need to be stopped or replaced with other medications. And if such drugs caused such a serious illness, then you should never take them again, as the illness may recur.

How to treat latent pneumonia depends on its type and progression. Treatment is selected based on the individual characteristics of the patient.

Why pneumonia can develop asymptomatically

To prevent hidden pneumonia from occurring, you need to take care of prevention. It is worth noting that this prevention is not difficult to implement. To do this, you need to understand why the disease can develop and how to prevent it. The most common causes of the disease are the following:

  • addiction to the drug;
  • independent treatment of diseases;
  • disruption of the process of sputum discharge;
  • weakened immunity;
  • decreased body defenses.

You should not constantly take antibiotics, as they do not act on the virus, thereby weakening the immune system and the human body. In addition, such drugs can develop human addiction. And in such people, ARVI can develop into pneumonia, which manifests itself asymptomatically.

You need to constantly monitor your health and pay attention to treatment. Even simple caries can develop into cancer or other complex diagnoses. All medications you are being treated with must be prescribed by a doctor; only a specialist can correctly diagnose and select treatment. It is necessary to do fluorography, and it is recommended to carry out this examination at least once a month.

How can pneumonia manifest itself without a cough?

To identify pneumonia in a person who does not cough, sometimes it is enough to look at his appearance. A person who suffers from pneumonia has pale skin and blush-like spots on the cheeks. Signs of the development of pneumonia include the following:

  • rapid pulse;
  • inability to take a deep breath;
  • painful sensations when turning the body;
  • difficulty breathing while walking;
  • frequent thirst;
  • rapid heartbeat with minor exertion;
  • when inhaling and exhaling, only one half of the chest moves;
  • sweating

But these symptoms cannot confirm the diagnosis; it can be substantiated after examining the surface of the lungs.

How to identify a disease in a child

Statistics show that about one and a half thousand children die every year due to latent pneumonia, and this is due to the attitude of doctors and parents. After all, until the diagnosis is confirmed, children attend preschool and school institutions and are exposed to stress, which is undesirable with such a disease.

Symptoms of childhood latent pneumonia:

If your child has these symptoms, you need to donate blood and consult a doctor. First of all, you need to contact your pediatrician, and if necessary, he will refer you to specialists and for additional examination. If you don’t have the strength to go to the doctor on your own, and the symptoms appear suddenly, then you need to call a doctor at home.

If you have the symptoms described above, it is not recommended to do the following things:

  • warm up the body, especially the chest;
  • perform heavy physical activity;
  • self-medicate;
  • take antibiotics;
  • take antipyretic drugs;
  • drink expectorants and antitussives;
  • do normal things.

At the first suspicion of pneumonia, even if there are no symptoms, you need to get tested and undergo an examination.

To make a diagnosis, you need to undergo the following tests: sputum analysis, CBC, lung volume study and x-ray of the lungs from different sides.

You should also visit a phthisiatrician. This symptom must be treated carefully, as the development of the disease can lead to sudden death. It is worth understanding for yourself that the disease will not go away on its own, it needs to be treated.

Features of the course of pneumonia without fever

Pneumonia without fever and special clinical manifestations is characterized by the presence of pathological changes of an inflammatory nature in the lung without the body responding to these changes in the form of hyperthermia, cough and chest pain. This disease occurs in people with reduced immunity or in other cases discussed below.

Causes of inflammation in the lungs

The source of the pathological process that causes pneumonia is infection. The nature of the course of pneumonia depends entirely on what pathogen is at the heart of the disease, on the presence or absence of concomitant pathology, and previous treatment. This largely forms the answer to a common question: is there pneumonia without fever? Asymptomatic disease is more common in severe or debilitated patients. For example, in patients after abdominal surgery, with the presence of an oncological process, as well as undergone chemotherapy or radiation treatment, or the presence of HIV infection.

But still, in most cases, pneumonia without fever occurs with uncontrolled use of antibacterial drugs. Taking the latter leads to the destruction of one’s own microflora in the intestines, which causes the growth of bacteria (which are classified as opportunistic and pathogenic) and dysbacteriosis. The consequence of this is intestinal dysfunction, including decreased immunity. Because it is the structural components of the intestines that form the majority of immune response cells and antibodies.

Moreover, pneumonia without an increase in temperature can occur at any age, which is due to the development of that same opportunistic microflora. This form of pneumonia is most severe in children, because parents, despite complaints of poor health, do not change the child’s lifestyle, continuing to take them to kindergarten or school, and this leads to a significant deterioration of the condition. And if the process of active inflammation stops on its own, then it smoothly passes into the chronic stage, causing bronchitis of varying degrees of activity or asthma.

Doctors identify the following factors leading to the occurrence of this pathology:

  • uncontrolled use of antibacterial drugs;
  • the use of antipyretics for any increase in temperature;
  • earned tolerance to a certain group of drugs during life;
  • self-administration of potent antitussives;
  • lack of a full cough reflex.

Therefore, you should limit self-administration of not only antibiotics, but also any other drugs without consulting a doctor. And if you have a lingering cold or a common cough, run not to the pharmacy, but to the doctor for advice and prescribing the correct treatment or, if necessary, examination, which will help rule out pneumonia.

Course of asymptomatic pneumonia

Regardless of the form of pneumonia, its symptoms will be:

  • general weakness;
  • apathy;
  • lack of appetite;
  • the appearance and increase of shortness of breath.

An increase in temperature can also be, but either short-term, or up to 37.1-37.2º, which does not attract attention and does not raise the assumption of the presence of active inflammation.

A clear symptom is always a cough. Its character can be different: from intense and dry to sparse and with phlegm. Sometimes when coughing, chest pain may appear on the side of the inflammation and may be accompanied by sudden shortness of breath. This is due to difficulty in the discharge of sputum from the bronchial tree, which can be very dangerous due to the possibility of both life-threatening complications and complete obstruction of the airway.

In addition, a symptom of pneumonia is a clinical picture of respiratory failure in the absence of a temperature reaction; this may be the first stage of pulmonary edema.

The symptoms of this pathology are very scarce, but they still exist:

  • pallor of the skin is noted;
  • shortness of breath appears, increasing over time (complaints of lack of air, increasing with any physical activity);
  • inability to take a deep breath or exhale (this causes a cough);
  • chest pain when breathing or during physical activity, up to simple turns of the body;
  • severe general weakness and decreased physical activity;
  • specific manifestations of the disease (changes in auscultation and percussion patterns; examination in this area is the prerogative of the doctor).

In any case, the interpretation of all symptoms and the appointment of other examinations, an accurate diagnosis and recommendations for treatment can only be done by a specialist.

Hypostatic pneumonia

The course of pneumonia with a minimum of complaints and symptoms is called hypostatic. This situation is due to the presence of constant stagnation of blood in the pulmonary circulation. This stasis ensures the passage of the liquid part of the blood through the vessel wall into the alveoli and bronchi, which is the cause of pulmonary edema. This, in turn, promotes the penetration of bacteria into the lung tissue itself. Against the background of pronounced permeability of the lung tissue, weakening of the body's defenses and the presence of opportunistic flora, a process of inflammation occurs at the local level, which subsequently progresses into severe pneumonia.

It is difficult to suspect pneumonia under these conditions. This is explained by the absence of any specific symptoms. But it is worth considering that any illness accompanied by forced long-term bed rest can be complicated by pneumonia. Moreover, the underlying disease can hide the symptoms of pneumonia, which is the reason for the neglect of the condition. A significant symptom of a pulmonary problem is coughing. Its appearance should always be a reason for additional examination of the chest organs. This will help not to miss the onset of the inflammatory process in the lungs and avoid severe and sometimes fatal complications, the most dangerous of which may be lung abscesses and pleural empyema.

Pneumonia can occur without clinical manifestations and can be easily confused with a cold or acute respiratory viral infection. But if there is shortness of breath that increases with any physical activity, cough with impaired sputum discharge, chest pain when coughing and clinical changes in the form of auscultatory weakening of breathing on the affected side and percussion manifestation of pleural complications, then this should be a clear indication for complex treatment and examination. It is better to carry it out in a multidisciplinary hospital.

The most severe pathology is in infants. With pneumonia, the inflammatory process may occur without any symptoms. The baby, unlike adults, does not have the opportunity to complain and talk about problems, and parents are not always in a hurry to see a doctor. In this case, you need to pay attention to any deviations in the child’s condition.

Treatment methods

Treatment is carried out only when a doctor makes a diagnosis, after agreeing on the clinical and radiological picture.

Therapy is based on the use of antibacterial drugs, which are prescribed according to the results of sputum culture for sensitivity to antibiotics.

Self-administration of medications not only makes it difficult to make a diagnosis, but also complicates the treatment process, since bacteria may develop immunity to the drugs taken. It is necessary to understand the seriousness of the situation. Pneumonia is not a cold, it will not go away without a trace, and its independent treatment will lead to the formation of a chronic pathology, and this is in the best case. The causative agent of pneumonia may be of a specific nature (tuberculosis bacillus). And in this case, self-medication only aggravates the situation and lengthens the treatment period.

Sometimes the process of diagnosing tuberculous lesions lasts several months, while there are no signs of active inflammation. And starting treatment without establishing a diagnosis, in relation to this situation, can have very serious consequences, including disability and death.

Symptoms of lung pneumonia

Before discussing the symptoms of pneumonia, it is necessary to understand a little about the nature of the disease and clarify the meaning of terms that describe inflammatory processes in the lungs.

Nature of the disease and its causes

Until the beginning of the 21st century, an expanded interpretation of the term “pneumonia” was widespread in Soviet medicine. It was used to describe any acute focal inflammation of the lung tissue, regardless of cause. In the Russian classification of the disease “acute pneumonia”, such forms as “pneumonia from exposure to chemical and physical factors”, “allergic pneumonia”, “infectious-allergic pneumonia” and other variants were distinguished.

Currently, in accordance with international standards, the term “pneumonia” refers to acute infectious diseases of the lung tissue, predominantly of a bacterial nature. It is characterized by local (focal) damage to the respiratory tissue of the lung with the leakage of inflammatory fluid into the pulmonary vesicles. Symptoms of inflammation in the lung tissue are detected when the patient is examined by a doctor and an X-ray examination of the chest organs. Pneumonia is characterized by an acute febrile reaction (increased body temperature) and severe intoxication.

Since this disease, by definition, is an acute infectious disease, the definition of “acute” before the word “pneumonia” in the diagnosis has become redundant and has fallen out of use.

Does chronic pneumonia exist?

The term “chronic pneumonia” is also not used in modern medicine, since it has lost its real clinical basis. “Chronic pneumonia” of the 20th century was divided into several diseases of different nature. It became possible to distinguish them thanks to improved examination methods and the progress of medical science. A chronic inflammatory reaction in the pulmonary tract occurs in all of these diseases, which have received separate names and special treatment methods. The most common of them is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - a constant companion of tobacco smokers. Chronic bacterial infection is also characteristic of bronchiectasis.

What are the external signs of pneumonia?

The first symptoms of pneumonia that patients report:

  • sudden onset of the disease;
  • acute fever (increased body temperature >38°C);
  • tremendous chills;
  • sharp chest pain that gets worse with coughing and breathing;
  • cough is dry or unproductive;
  • coughing up small amounts of rust-colored sputum;
  • dyspnea;
  • severe general weakness, fatigue;
  • sweating at night and with minimal physical activity.

The thought of pneumonia should arise when an increase in body temperature is combined with complaints of cough, sputum production, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Also, patients with pneumonia complain of unmotivated weakness, fatigue, and increased sweating at night.

How to recognize the hidden form of the disease?

In almost all age categories - in children, adolescents and adults, pneumonia has a similar clinical picture. But a latent, sluggish form of the disease is also possible. Symptoms such as chest pain when coughing, fever and other signs may be absent in weakened patients - adolescents or adults.

Hidden symptoms of pneumonia can be observed in older people. In 25% of patients aged > 65 years, there is no increase in body temperature, and the disease can manifest itself in the form of fatigue, weakness, nausea, lack of appetite, abdominal pain, and impaired consciousness.

Objective signs of pneumonia

The next stage of diagnosing the disease after questioning is examining the patient, identifying objective symptoms of pneumonia. These are signs of illness that the doctor finds in the patient during examination, tapping the chest (percussion) and listening to the lungs (auscultation).

Classic objective symptoms are:

  • Dullness of percussion sound when tapping over inflamed areas of the lungs.
  • Listening to harsh breathing over a limited area of ​​lung tissue at the site of inflammation.
  • Local auscultation of sonorous fine bubbling rales over the inflamed area of ​​the lung.

The main criterion confirming pneumonia is the asymmetry of the lesion, that is, the presence of objective signs of pneumonia on only one side of the chest.

In almost 20% of cases, objective signs of pneumonia in patients may differ from classic ones or be absent. In these cases, hidden symptoms can lead to diagnostic errors. Fortunately, doctors have a way to detect pneumonia using X-rays.

X-ray symptoms of pneumonia

The main radiological symptom of pneumonia is local compaction (infiltration) of lung tissue, found in a patient with external signs of acute inflammation of the respiratory system.

Compaction of lung tissue with pneumonia is usually unilateral. Bilateral infiltration is rare. This symptom is rather typical for pulmonary edema, metastases of malignant tumors, systemic connective tissue diseases with damage to the respiratory system.

If pneumonia is suspected, an X-ray examination is carried out in all patients without exception: newborns, adolescents, adults, pregnant and lactating women, and the elderly. This rule is associated with the danger of diagnostic error and high mortality when there is a delay in prescribing antibiotics to patients with pneumonia.

Symptoms of viral pneumonia

Acute viral respiratory infection and pneumonia itself are different diseases. Viral infection is undoubtedly the leading risk factor for the development of pneumonia. However, painful changes in lung tissue caused by respiratory viruses must be clearly distinguished from pneumonia. After all, the treatment of these conditions is fundamentally different. True microbial pneumonia is qualitatively different from lung damage by viruses, which is characterized by bilateral infiltration along the pulmonary vessels.

Viral infection, especially highly pathogenic influenza (“swine”, “bird”), can occur in the form of bilateral lung damage with inflammation along the pulmonary vessels. With laboratory confirmation of the presence of a highly pathogenic influenza virus in the patient’s sputum and the absence of other pathogenic microbes in it, the diagnosis of viral pneumonia is legitimate.

The first most important symptoms of viral influenza pneumonia are rapidly increasing shortness of breath, an increase in body temperature to very high numbers (>39°C), a painful cough with bloody foamy sputum, and severe general weakness. Influenza pneumonia is a very dangerous condition that requires treatment in the intensive care unit.

What is lobar pneumonia?

The term “lobar pneumonia” is the traditional name for pneumococcal pneumonia, which has all the classic symptoms of pneumonia in full. Lobar pneumonia is practically the only form of this disease in which the preliminary diagnosis corresponds to the etiology (pneumococcal infection).

Croupous pneumonia develops acutely, starting with stunning chills and a rapid increase in body temperature to 39–40°C. An early sign is the appearance of chest pain on the affected side, which sharply intensifies with a deep breath or coughing. At first, the cough is dry, then on the 2nd–3rd day of illness, “rusty” or brown sputum appears. Characteristic signs are redness of the face, especially on the affected side, frequent shallow breathing up to 30 breaths per minute or more. Lobar pneumonia usually affects one lung (usually the right) and can involve 1, 2 or 3 lobes.

Atypical pneumonia in adolescents

The term “atypical pneumonia” means that the causative agent of the disease belongs to microbes called “atypical flora”. Atypical flora are intracellular infectious agents - mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella. Pneumonia caused by mycoplasmas most often affects young people in organized groups - military personnel, students, children, adolescents (20-30% of all pneumonias). And, on the contrary, in older patients, atypical pneumonia is diagnosed extremely rarely.

Atypical mycoplasma or chlamydial infection is accompanied by muscle and headaches, chills, and symptoms of acute respiratory infections. Hemoptysis and chest pain are not typical for pneumonia caused by atypical flora.

A disease such as atypical pneumonia is treated with special medications - antibiotics from the group of new macrolides (josamycin, rovamycin, spiramycin, klacid). These drugs are approved for use in children and adolescents and do not cause intestinal dysbiosis.

Pneumonia without fever

Latent pneumonia is characterized by inflammation of a certain portion of the lung tissue, in particular, it does not produce any indicative symptoms, including fever, chest pain or cough. This is pneumonia without fever. More often, this pathology occurs in people with weakened immune systems, which was caused by constant treatment with antibiotics not prescribed by a doctor.

Pneumonia without cough and fever - causes

Let's consider the main causes of uncharacteristic pneumonia:

  • taking many different antibiotics in large quantities;
  • absence of cough is observed in the case of taking potent antitussive drugs;
  • taking antipyretic drugs in the early stages of the disease;
  • addiction to a certain type of medication;
  • disruption of the natural process of sputum discharge.

Pneumonia without fever - symptoms

Patients with latent pneumonia have a pale complexion, and red spots may also appear on the face. The disease is also accompanied by the following symptoms:

  • breathing is frequent, while the patient feels a constant lack of air, which can lead to shortness of breath to a greater extent;
  • general weakness of the body and rapid fatigue;
  • difficulty in fully inhaling and exhaling, whistling may be heard;
  • chest pain during strong lateral turns;
  • movement of the lungs during breathing is observed only on one side, that is, either on the right or on the left.

Only a doctor can make a final and accurate diagnosis after sending the patient for an x-ray.

What is the temperature for pneumonia?

Fever is one of the most important and significant symptoms of pneumonia. As a rule, body temperature fluctuates around 38 degrees. Accompanied by unpleasant chills, sweating during sleep and fever. There are cases when the temperature does not rise above 37 degrees, and the patient feels weak. The temperature after and during pneumonia can last about two days with a fluctuation of one degree. Indicators above 39 degrees are considered high and serious, in which case urgent hospitalization and treatment are necessary. If the temperature is not high, then you can take antipyretic medications at home, drink plenty of fluids and wipe yourself with vodka. There is no need to sweat in hot clothes; it is better to dress in something lighter and lower your body temperature with room air.

Pneumonia without fever - treatment

Treatment is accompanied by taking antibiotics, just like with any other inflammatory diseases of the body. But this does not mean that self-medication with any drugs from the pharmacy is allowed. Direct treatment should only be carried out by a doctor. Few people make do with home remedies as traditional medicine. After all, everyone knows that pneumonia is a very serious infectious disease and there is no need to joke with it. The doctor prescribes treatment only after a complete preliminary examination and x-ray. If you have all the signs of pneumonia without fever, then in this case it is strictly forbidden to self-medicate. Including, you cannot take hot baths, baths and saunas.

With such a diagnosis, it is necessary to visit a phthisiatrician to prevent decomposition of the lungs during a long-term illness. If you do not consult a doctor in time and assume that malaise and slight fatigue are from work, then everything can end in death. Therefore, at the first suspicious signs, it is better to consult a doctor. There is no need to take antibiotics without the instructions of your doctor, because this form of the disease is more than serious compared to pneumonia, accompanied by fever and chills.

Source: http://proprostudu.ru/pnevmonija/bessimptomnaja-pnevmonija.html