Antibiotic for sinusitis

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Antibiotics for sinusitis: taken correctly

Sinusitis is a common disease that is characterized by acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses. Sinusitis can have different degrees of development of the disease: it can occur in the form of an inflammatory process or a chronic disease.

Table of contents:

In order to promptly prevent the development of the disease, you should consult a specialist and undergo a complex of treatment. However, in order to understand that you have sinusitis, you need to know the symptoms and types of this disease.

You can find out why sinusitis is dangerous from this article.

Types of sinusitis

According to the type of spread of the inflammatory process, two types of sinusitis are distinguished:

Sinusitis is also divided according to the type of occurrence:

  • Atrophic - with chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane, gradual atrophy of the sinus membranes occurs;
  • Necrotic - in acute disease, tissue necrosis occurs in the paranasal sinuses;
  • Productive - when polyps appear that grow inside the sinus;
  • Exudative – during the inflammatory process there is a strong discharge of pus;
  • Vasomotor - occurs when the functioning of the vascular system is disrupted;
  • Allergic – a complication of allergies can be sinusitis;
  • Infectious – due to infection with a virus or exposure to sinusitis pathogens.

How sinusitis is treated with Amoxicillin can be found in this article.

Important! Sinusitis in 80% of all cases is a consequence of an incompletely treated cold. Therefore, you should take the treatment of simple acute respiratory infections seriously.

Symptoms of the disease

With the traditional development of the disease, the patient experiences severe congestion in the nasopharynx, purulent mucous discharge, pain under the eyes, loss of smell, lethargy along with an increase in body temperature.

With chronic sinusitis, persistent headache, constant fatigue and swelling of the nasal mucosa can be observed. At night, a dry cough may appear that does not respond to conventional treatment.

You can find out which vasoconstrictor nasal drops for sinusitis are most often used from the article.

Severe congestion in the nasopharynx, purulent discharge, pain under the eyes - just a small list of symptoms in the traditional course of sinusitis

Painful sensations may have wave-like symptoms. In the morning the patient may feel better, but in the evening the symptoms of the disease may become more acute. External signs of inflammation of sinusitis may include swelling under the eyes, redness of the eyelids and constant production of tears. Read more about how to recognize the signs of sinusitis in adults at home.

Treatment with antibiotics

Today, a wide range of antibiotics are used in medical practice to treat sinusitis. There are modern drugs that have proven themselves in the fight against maxillary inflammation. Also, old proven antibiotics remain in use, which have a positive effect on the course of the disease.

It is important to remember that streptococcus aureus, the causative agent of the disease, can become accustomed to the action of the same antibiotic over time. Therefore, in case of a chronic disease, the means of treatment must be changed after consulting with an ENT doctor in advance.

Whether there is sinusitis without fever, you can find out from this article by reading it.

Some are afraid to use antibiotics, so they ask to be prescribed something mild. However, such treatment will not bring a positive result, but will only worsen the healing process. On the other hand, a frivolous attitude towards taking strong antibiotics (irregular, incorrect use) can disrupt the immune system and not give the desired effect.

Antibiotics are prescribed in combination with various medications: tablets, sprays or nasal drops. If symptoms of intoxication occur, injections may be prescribed to administer the antibiotic intramuscularly.

This article describes the massage procedure for sinusitis in pictures, as well as the features of using such a procedure.

Antibiotics in the form of drops or sprays are particularly effective. When used correctly, the active ingredients of the medication are delivered directly to the affected area. This local effect speeds up the healing process. In order for the antibiotic to reach the inflamed mucous membrane in the paranasal sinuses, it is necessary to first instill the nose with vasodilating drops, and then inject a spray or drop drops with the antibiotic. Inhalations with antibiotics, for example, fluimucil, are also effective. It is especially effective in removing pus.

Remember! When choosing an antibiotic, you need to familiarize yourself in advance with the presence of side effects, as well as the method of removing it from the body.

List of modern antibiotics

    • Bioparox is a representative of a modern series of antibiotics that has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Belongs to the group of polypeptide agents that fight bacteria at the local level. Effectively copes with streptococci, fungi, staphylococcus and anaerobes.
    • Isofra is a drug consisting of representatives of aminoglycosides. The antibiotic is used in the form of a spray and sprayed locally into the paranasal sinuses where inflammation has formed. Destroys microorganisms that are gram-negative and gram-positive. The drug has an antibacterial effect on the mucous membrane.
    • Azithromycin is a drug that has a bactericidal effect. A positive result is observed when the lesion is saturated with the main anti-inflammatory substance contained in the antibiotic.
    • Macropen belongs to the group of macrolipids. It is a strong drug that has a detrimental effect on the proliferation of bacteria on the mucous membrane. In addition, Macropen destroys a number of gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms.
    • Zitrolide is the most effective drug that is minimally likely to cause toxic reactions in the body. The drug is a representative of macrolides, which successfully copes with the spread of bacteria: anaerobic, gram-positive, gram-negative.
    • Ceftriaxone is a new generation antibiotic that belongs to the group of cephalosporins. The drug is active against a large number of pathogens and causes a minimal number of unwanted side effects. The drug boasts a large number of positive reviews on the Internet.

How cuckoo is made for sinusitis and how effective it is will help you understand the content of this article.

Prices for these drugs vary on average from 200 to 1000 rubles, check with pharmacies in your city.

Your doctor can add other effective and inexpensive antibiotics for sinusitis to this list. Don't forget to consult your doctor!

If within a few days after taking an antibiotic, your condition has not improved, this indicates that it is necessary to change the drug or treatment system.

Indications for use

Antibiotics are prescribed in the following cases:

      • Viral sinusitis;
      • Severe inflammation during allergic reactions;
      • Pronounced symptoms of severe disease;
      • The initial stage of development of sinusitis, occurring with moderate symptoms for at least 5 days.

Contraindications to the use of antibiotics are:

Rules of application

The traditional course of antibiotics for sinusitis is no more than 5 days

The duration of antibiotic use depends on the severity of the disease. Each patient is prescribed individual complex therapy. How many days do you usually take antibiotics for sinusitis? If the result is positive, the use of antibiotics is reduced to the traditional course, which is no more than 5 days.

From the article it will become clear how to quickly treat sinusitis at home and how effective this procedure is.

The dosage is also prescribed by the doctor. It all depends on the course of the disease, as well as the individual characteristics of the body. If the body reacts positively to the effects of the antibiotic, the dosage is not increased. If there is no trend toward improvement, the doctor may decide to increase the dose or change the drug.

The combination of drugs may vary depending on the patient's condition. Complex therapy may include not only drug treatment, but also special procedures.

Injections containing antibiotics give the fastest effect. As a rule, the active ingredient in injections is penicillin or cephalosporin.

Possible consequences and complications

The formation of pus in the sinuses can negatively affect the surrounding tissues. In contact with them, inflammation can spread to the teeth, nerves, eye socket, or even affect the membranes of the brain.

With the chronic course of the disease and improper treatment, intracranial lesions may occur:

The membranes of the eye may be damaged, and inflammation of the upper jaws may also occur. The nasopharynx is closely connected with the ear canals, therefore, with chronic sinusitis, otitis media of the inner or middle ear may appear.

What strong antibiotics are most often used for sinusitis, what their name is and in what cases they are used, you can find out by reading this article.

Frequent respiratory diseases, tonsillitis and sore throats can be the result of chronic sinusitis. Also, with a prolonged disease, the trigeminal nerve of the face may become inflamed.

Video

Watch a video about how to properly treat sinusitis with antibiotics:

Sinusitis is a disease accompanied by an inflammatory process in the paranasal sinuses. In order to properly combat inflammation of the mucous membrane, it is necessary to know the degree and severity of its damage.

What a sinusitis code looks like according to ICD 10 can be seen from the contents of this article.

The most effective is the use of antibiotics that fight directly against the cause of the disease - streptococcus aureus. A variety of drugs allows you to choose a remedy or treatment complex that will suit each individual individually.

Due to side effects, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the contraindications that each antibiotic has. It should be remembered that the course of treatment and dosage is prescribed by a specialist. Thanks to timely treatment, you can forever forget about such an unpleasant disease as sinusitis.

Source: http://prolor.ru/n/lechenie-n/antibiotiki-pri-gajmorite.html

Antibiotics for sinusitis. Which drug to choose for a serious sinus disease?

Sinusitis is a type of acute sinusitis - inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. With sinusitis, the large maxillary sinuses, called the maxillary sinuses, are affected. The English physician Highmore first described the symptoms of acute sinusitis back in the 15th century and retained his name in history.

Before you continue reading: If you are looking for an effective method of getting rid of a runny nose, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis or colds, then be sure to look at this section of the site after reading this article. This information has helped so many people, we hope it will help you too! So, now back to the article.

The name of the disease, noticed by an Englishman more than 500 years ago, is heard, alas, too often. About 1 in 10 adults experiences sinusitis. In pediatrics, inflammation of the maxillary sinuses is a common complication of a respiratory viral infection: 6–13% of acute respiratory viral infections result in bacterial infection and sinusitis.

According to statistics published by American experts, about 14% of adults experience at least one episode of acute sinusitis per year. And let’s complete our immersion in the world of numbers with information from the field of pharmaceuticals. Sinusitis occupies an honorable fifth place among diagnoses for which antibiotics are prescribed.

The target is pathogenic bacteria!

So, we have already figured out that sinusitis is an inflammatory process. This means that it is caused by pathogenic microorganisms. In healthy people, the maxillary sinuses are sterile. However, as a result of obstruction of the drainage paths, disruption of the activity of the ciliated epithelium and changes in the quality and quantity of mucus, the maxillary sinuses are colonized by pathogenic bacteria. The main causative agents of the inflammatory process in the maxillary sinuses include:

  • Staphylococci, including S.pyogenes, S.aureus (Staphylococcus aureus), S.pneumonia, coagulase-negative staphylococcus;
  • streptococci, including alpha-hemolytic streptococcus;
  • fusobacteria;
  • Moraxella;
  • corynebacteria;
  • peptostreptococci;
  • Haemophilus influenzae.

I would like to note that in approximately 30% of cases of sinusitis, the infection is of mixed origin, that is, the number of pathogens is more than one.

Any inflammatory process accompanied by bacterial infection requires antibacterial therapy. No matter how much we would like, the body is not able to cope with the onslaught of pathogenic microorganisms on its own, and antibiotics are essential drugs for sinusitis.

Let's try to figure out what antibacterial drugs are prescribed for inflammation of the maxillary sinuses and when one or another drug is preferred.

What antibiotics should I take for sinusitis? General selection principles

When choosing an antibacterial agent, doctors, as a rule, are guided by general principles that are regulated in standard treatment protocols.

And acute sinusitis is no exception. What antibiotics are taken for sinusitis? Antibacterial agents prescribed for acute sinusitis are divided into three large groups.

First line drugs.

This category includes drugs that are used primarily. It is these antibiotics that have maximum effectiveness for sinusitis and are used for treatment as the drugs of choice:

Second line drugs.

These agents are used to treat patients who live in environments with high rates of resistant microorganisms. In addition, reserve group drugs are used if first-line antibiotics do not give the desired result after 3–7 days of treatment for sinusitis. Second-line antibiotics include:

  • Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid;
  • cephalosporin antibiotics of the second and third generation;
  • fluoroquinolones.

Patients with hospital-acquired sinusitis are a special category of patients whose treatment will require intravenous administration of antibacterial drugs. Among the most effective injection drugs we note:

To understand the specifics of using antibiotics for sinusitis, you will have to consider each drug in more detail. And we will start with the most popular antibacterial agent of the penicillin series - Amoxicillin.

Are penicillins the enemies of sinusitis?

Penicillins are deservedly among the most effective and safe antibacterial agents. They can be prescribed to children, from infancy, to adults and elderly patients.

In addition, penicillins are widely used in obstetrics. Drugs of the benzylpenicillin group belong to category B, conditionally permitted during pregnancy and lactation. The experience of prescribing these drugs in pregnant women proves the high safety and excellent tolerability of the drugs. Penicillins are the drugs of choice for many infectious diseases in pregnant women.

However, we must not forget that many strains of pathogens produce beta-lactamases, which destroy the beta-lactam ring of the antibiotic. The danger of prescribing penicillins for acute sinusitis is due to the fact that among the causative agents of the disease there are strains that produce beta-lactamases. That is, when treating sinusitis with unprotected antibiotics of the penicillin group, there is a hypothetical probability of the drug being ineffective.

Does Amoxicillin help with sinusitis?

The effect of Amoxicillin, one of the most famous antibiotics from the group of semisynthetic penicillins, for sinusitis was studied by American scientists. The randomized, placebo-controlled trial included 166 adults with acute bacterial sinusitis. Of this group, 85 lucky people received Amoxicillin, and 81 people received a placebo. The course of treatment was 10 days. Who do you think is luckier?

The results of the experiment were quite unexpected. On the third day of therapy, there was no difference in well-being between the two parallel groups. On the seventh day of the study, volunteers taking antibiotics reported feeling better. These data were confirmed laboratory. However, the story did not end there.

On the tenth day of the experiment, 80% of patients from both groups reported a significant improvement in their health or complete recovery. The results of a study on the comparative effectiveness of the antibacterial agent Amoxicillin and placebo in the treatment of sinusitis showed that the effect of unprotected penicillin is practically no different from the effect of a pacifier.

When prescribing Amoxicillin, one should not forget that about 64% of S.pneumoniae staphylococcus strains are resistant to penicillin. And Staphylococcus aureus is “famous” for its resistance to unprotected antibiotics of this group, reaching 90% and above. According to American scientists, the resistance of Haemophilus influenzae to Amoxicillin ranges from 27–43%.

And yet, despite all this very contradictory information, Amoxicillin (or Flemoxin) until recently was used to treat uncomplicated forms of sinusitis as the antibiotic of choice, especially for children. Moreover, the drug was recommended as one of the three first-line antibiotics, that is, those drugs that are prescribed first.

Let us recall that the activity of Amoxicillin extends to strains of streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and anaerobic bacteria. The drug has a moderate effect on moraxella and is not effective against infection with bacteria that produce beta-lactamase.

According to information published by American scientists, the effectiveness of treatment of sinusitis with high doses of Amoxicillin is 80–90%. The high safety of penicillin antibiotics allows Amoxicillin to be widely used for sinusitis in children.

Dosages of Amoxicillin for uncomplicated sinusitis are quite impressive and are almost twice as high as the standard dose. Experts recommend prescribing about 80–90 mg of Amoxicillin per kilogram of body weight per day. The daily dose must be divided into two doses. It is better to take the drug after meals. The duration of treatment is usually 5–7 days.

Macrolides - antibiotics for sinusitis No. 1

The antibiotics of choice for the treatment of sinusitis include drugs from the macrolide group. Macrolides do not contain a lactam ring, so the notorious penicillinase is absolutely powerless in relation to these drugs. This means that macrolides also effectively act on strains of microorganisms that produce beta-lactamases.

Macrolides, compared to penicillins, exhibit much greater activity against the bacterium Moraxella catarrhalis (Moraxella).

I would like to add that macrolides are the drugs of choice for allergies to penicillin antibiotics.

Among the drugs that most widely cover the spectrum of potential pathogens of acute sinusitis, Clarithromycin and Azithromycin are recognized as the most effective and safe. Let's try to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each of these antibiotics.

This drug belongs to the second generation macrolides and has high activity against all microorganisms, without exception, associated with acute and chronic sinusitis.

For sinusitis, 500 mg to 750 mg of Clarithromycin are prescribed twice a day, and the pediatric dosage of the antibiotic is 7.5 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. It is better to use the medicine at regular intervals.

The course of treatment is from 7 to 10 days. The final decision on the dosage and duration of therapy is made by the attending physician.

Azithromycin is a 15-membered macrolide. The main difference between an antibiotic and other drugs is its long half-life. Thanks to this property, Azithromycin has a completely unique course of treatment.

For the treatment of sinusitis in adults, Azithromycin is used in a dosage of 500 mg once on the first day of therapy, after which it is sufficient to drink 250 mg of the antibiotic once a day for four days. Thus, the course of treatment for acute sinusitis is only five days.

Second-line antibiotics: complicated and purulent sinusitis

As we have already mentioned, second-line drugs are prescribed if the causative agents of sinusitis are resistant to Amoxicillin and macrolides. In this case, it is recommended to culture the material to determine sensitivity to antibiotics, but empirical prescription of drugs is also allowed.

When can a doctor suspect a resistant infection and what symptoms indicate high resistance of pathogenic microorganisms?

Infection with resistant strains of bacteria is likely if the patient does not feel improvement within the first two to three days of first-line antibiotic therapy. That is, if after three days of taking Amoxicillin or Clarithromycin you still have symptoms of intoxication - fever, weakness and headache - you must immediately notify your doctor. Most likely you will have to select an alternative antibiotic.

Second-line antibacterial drugs that are indicated for the treatment of sinusitis include protected penicillins, cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Let's take a closer look at these groups.

Protect Amoxicillin!

We have already said that a particular problem in selecting an antibiotic for the treatment of sinusitis is the presence of beta-lactamase-producing strains among the causative agents of the disease. Therefore, the ideal treatment for acute sinusitis includes a procedure such as sowing the contents of the maxillary sinuses and determining sensitivity to antibiotics. This test allows you to identify the pathogen and select an antibacterial agent that is active against the microorganism.

However, not everything is as simple as it seems. After all, to obtain the material it is necessary to perform a puncture, and this is a very serious procedure. Therefore, doctors, as a rule, have to act almost at random, and treatment is prescribed empirically. The doctor’s main task at this stage is to select exactly the antibiotic that will work. In the vast majority of cases, ENT doctors avoid prescribing Amoxicillin and go straight to second-line drugs.

Unprotected penicillins are being replaced by complexes with clavulanic acid. They have all the advantages of Amoxicillin and do not have its main disadvantage - vulnerability to penicillinase.

The most popular protected penicillins, which are often used for sinusitis, include tablets Augmentin, Amoxiclav, Flemoklav and other antibacterial drugs. Experts say that Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid complexes are effective in more than 90% of cases of sinusitis.

For sinusitis, it is recommended to take protected Amoxicillin twice a day. The final dosage and course of treatment is determined by the attending physician.

Cephalosporin antibiotics in tablets: alternative help for sinusitis

For sinusitis, second- and third-generation antibiotics from the group of cephalosporins are used as second-line tablets. These include oral forms:

Cefuroxime is a second generation cephalosporin. Cefuroxime tablets are produced:

  • the German company Sandoz called Cefuroxime-Sandoz;
  • Glaxo Corporation (Zinnat);
  • Medokemi company (Cyprus) produces antibiotic tablets Aksef.

Cefuroxime has a pronounced effect on the vast majority of pathogens of acute sinusitis, including strains that produce beta-lactamase. The standard dosage is 250 mg cefuroxime twice daily for 7–10 days.

Cefpodoxime is a third generation cephalosporin. The main difference between these antibiotics and second-generation drugs is their high activity against gram-negative flora. In addition, injectable drugs of this group have very high bioavailability, while oral drugs, on the contrary, are poorly absorbed in the intestine.

One of the most common drugs containing cefpodoxime is Jordanian Cefodox, which is available in the form of tablets of 100 and 200 mg, as well as a children's suspension in several dosages. In addition, Indian Cepodem is registered in Russia. Note that most doctors prefer to prescribe the Jordanian analogue.

Cefodox has a fairly low level of absorption - only about 52%. Therefore, when prescribing this tablet antibiotic for sinusitis, the doctor must take into account the low bioavailability of the drug.

The dosage of cefpodoxime for acute sinusitis is 200 mg twice daily for 7–10 days.

The drug also belongs to the third generation semisynthetic cephalosporins. I would like to draw your attention to the fact that Cefixime is inactive against many gram-positive bacteria. Thus, most strains of Staphylococcus aureus are resistant to this antibiotic.

Just like Cefpodoxime, Cefixime is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract: the bioavailability of the drug is only 40-50%.

As a common analogue of Cefixime, we will name the antibiotic Suprax, which is also available in a dispersible form, which has higher bioavailability. In addition, in Russian pharmacies you can find the Indian analogue Ixim and the medicine produced in Macedonia Pancef.

American experts recommend not using third-generation cephalosporins as monotherapy for the treatment of sinusitis due to the fairly high probability of bacterial resistance to these antibiotics. The combination of Cefixime and Cefpodoxime is capable of covering almost the entire spectrum of pathogenic bacteria associated with sinusitis.

Thus, one of the most effective alternatives to protected penicillins is the use of two cephalosporins at once - Cefpodoxime and Cefixime.

According to experts, the effectiveness of these antibiotics for acute purulent sinusitis is more than 90%.

Well-known and effective fluoroquinolone antibacterial drugs that are used to treat acute and chronic sinusitis include:

Note that fluoroquinolones are contraindicated for use in children and adolescents. This is associated with the risk of developing irreversible changes in the structure of cartilage tissue. However, for health reasons, fluoroquinolones are still used in childhood.

When are antibiotic injections used for sinusitis?

We have come to a description of one of the most pressing problems faced by patients suffering from acute sinusitis. The fact is that domestic ENT doctors, in their undoubtedly noble desire to quickly relieve the patient of the symptoms of sinusitis, vying with each other to prescribe injectable drugs.

Doctors eloquently convince their patients of the urgent need for parenteral treatment as the only possible path to healing. Exhausted by the lack of a breath of fresh air, patients, of course, believe the all-powerful man in a white coat and obediently follow to the pharmacy for a set of syringes, bottles of antibiotics and lidocaine.

This is followed by seven or even ten days of procedures, and then treatment of the consequences of injection therapy. Of course, after such therapy the disease recedes. However, are antibiotic injections really necessary for sinusitis?

According to leading experts in the field of otorhinolaryngology, parenteral use of antibiotics is indicated for patients with hospital-acquired acute sinusitis. In such cases, the infection is usually caused by highly resistant gram-negative microorganisms. The drugs of choice include aminoglycoside antibiotics. To correctly select an antibacterial agent, it is recommended to inoculate the culture and determine the sensitivity of the inoculated bacteria.

Let us consider the dosages and spectrum of activity of parenteral antibiotics in more detail.

The most effective drugs include Tobramycin and Gentamicin. It is worth noting that both antibiotics are not active against streptococci and other anaerobic bacteria. Moraxella and Haemophilus influenzae, on the contrary, are highly sensitive to the action of aminoglycosides.

The dosage of Tobramycin and Gentamicin is calculated depending on the patient’s weight: per kilogram of weight there is 1.7 mg of antibiotic. Frequency of application: twice a day.

It is worth noting that the use of aminoglycosides is associated with a high risk of side effects. One of the most dangerous adverse events associated with treatment with these drugs is damage to the auditory branches, resulting in irreversible deafness. Therefore, Tobramycin and Gentamicin are used exclusively under the supervision of a physician.

Second generation cephalosporins.

Cefuroxime is practically the only second-generation parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic used for the treatment of acute sinusitis. Injectable medicines containing cefuroxime as an active ingredient are lyophilized powder that must be diluted before use. The most commonly used solvents are water for injection and 2% lidocaine solution.

To treat sinusitis, 1 gram of Cefuroxime is prescribed every eight hours. One of the most famous drugs in Russia containing cefuroxime is Zinacef.

Third generation cephalosporins.

Injectable agents in this group include Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime and, of course, the well-known Ceftriaxone. Third generation cephalosporins are highly active against gram-negative microorganisms.

The recommended dosage of antibiotics for the treatment of severe sinusitis is:

  • Cefotaxime is prescribed 2 grams every 4–6 hours;
  • Ceftriaxone - 2 grams per day, divided into two doses;
  • Ceftazidime is used at a dose of 2 grams every 8 hours.

Severe cases of acute purulent nosocomial sinusitis require the use of potent broad-spectrum antibiotics - carbapenems. These drugs are used exclusively in a hospital under the supervision of specialists.

Antibiotic drops for sinusitis: necessary or useless?

Many patients ask the same question: do antibiotic nasal drops and sprays help with sinusitis? Is it worth using them? And is it possible to get by with local remedies without resorting to oral, that is, tablet drugs? It's time to clear all doubts.

If you are diagnosed with sinusitis, you need to be prepared for the fact that it is almost impossible to cure without antibiotics - a bacterial infection simply requires adequate therapy. Local preparations - sprays and nasal drops - containing an antibacterial active substance are not able to penetrate the maxillary sinuses. Consequently, their use is practically meaningless. So, let us emphasize: for acute and chronic sinusitis, nasal drops or antibiotic sprays are simply ineffective.

The only way out in this situation is oral, and in severe cases, parenteral (injection) antibacterial agents.

Prescribing antibiotics is the doctor’s task

I would like to draw your attention to the fact that the selection of the correct antibacterial drug is the prerogative of the ENT doctor. We must not forget that among the causative agents of acute sinusitis there are also antibiotic-resistant strains that are insensitive to penicillins and cephalosporins. Therefore, self-prescription of an antibiotic for sinusitis may result in serious complications rather than the desired recovery.

Remember that at the first signs of sinusitis you need urgent consultation with a specialist and immediate antibacterial treatment.

The article above and comments written by readers are for informational purposes only and do not encourage self-medication. Consult a specialist regarding your own symptoms and illnesses. When taking any medicine, you should always use the instructions that come with the medicine and your doctor's advice as a guide.

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JMedic.ru

Modern doctors prefer to prescribe antibiotics for sinusitis. Many people are afraid to take them, considering such potent drugs to be harmful to the body. But the harm of antibacterial agents lies only in their incorrect or excessive use, and it is not comparable to the consequences and complications that can arise if sinusitis is not treated correctly.

For what purpose are antibacterial drugs prescribed for sinusitis?

Antibiotics are an unconditional asset of modern medicine. Powerful antibacterial agents of the latest generation destroy pathogens in a matter of hours and days, thereby improving the patient’s condition. And in the case of such serious diseases as pneumonia, sepsis, etc., only thanks to antibiotics can a person’s life be saved.

In one form or another, antibiotics are widely used for outpatient and inpatient treatment of bacterial infections in adults and children. These drugs fight the cause of the disease, making it possible to completely remove its symptoms and return the person to normal life.

Treatment of sinusitis with antibiotics is one of the components of complex therapy. It is prescribed and carried out only according to indications, simultaneously with physiotherapy, the use of pharmacological, homeopathic drugs and folk remedies in order to eliminate certain symptoms of inflammation of the maxillary sinuses. In no case should the patient prescribe antibacterial drugs to himself; taking them may be ineffective and even lead to aggravation of the disease and the appearance of its complications.

To prescribe antibiotics for sinusitis, the attending physician analyzes the patient’s symptoms and refers him for examinations in order to:

  • confirm the presence of an inflammatory process in the maxillary sinuses;
  • identify its causes;
  • determine the specific type of sinusitis;
  • determine the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics.

To do this, the patient will need to take a clinical blood test, undergo an ultrasound or x-ray examination, take a bacteriological culture from the nose and, possibly, undergo a puncture.

Modern antibiotics used to treat inflammation of the maxillary sinuses can be in tablets, capsules, injections or solutions that are dripped or sprayed into the nose.

The question of how long to treat sinusitis is decided only by a doctor. It is a mistake to think that you can stop taking them as soon as the symptoms of the disease disappear or the temperature subsides. A latent infection may remain in the maxillary sinuses, due to which the disease may recur or become chronic.

When antibacterial agents for sinusitis are not needed

Inflammation of the maxillary sinuses can occur for a number of reasons, but always has very similar symptoms. Even if the temperature has risen to 37 degrees, you have a headache, your nose is stuffy or mucus is pouring out of it, you should not immediately grab antibacterial tablets or drops. Treatment of sinusitis with antibiotics is not undertaken if:

  • it is allergic in nature;
  • it is caused by a virus or fungus (even if there is a fever);
  • the nose has a congenital pathology or is injured, but no bacterial infection has occurred;
  • it is caused by bacteria, but the disease is mild, the temperature is not elevated or slightly elevated, there are no signs of intoxication, there is good reason to assume that the body can cope with the infection itself.

What are the direct indications for taking antibiotics for sinusitis?

It is necessary to immediately treat sinusitis with antibacterial agents of natural or synthetic origin if the patient has symptoms of a serious bacterial infection:

  1. Temperature. It can rise sharply to 38 degrees or higher in the first days of the disease, if pathogenic bacteria multiplying in the sinuses provoked inflammation, or after a few days, when the bacterial infection is secondary. This temperature persists and is difficult to break and does not last long.
  2. Stuffy nose. By the nature of congestion, one can distinguish sinusitis from a runny nose. When the maxillary sinuses are inflamed, it is very difficult to blow out thick and dense mucus; the nose, as a rule, is blocked on both sides and is almost completely unable to breathe.
  3. Copious discharge from the nasal passages. Mucus or pus may come out through the nose, depending on the type of sinusitis.
  4. Severe pain in the maxillary sinuses. It intensifies in the evening, and also when moving the head down, up and to the sides.
  5. Signs of intoxication. The patient may complain of chills, muscle pain, loss of appetite, lethargy, etc.

How antibiotics can be taken is decided by the doctor in each specific case, based on the severity of the patient’s sinusitis. He may prescribe local antibacterial agents - nasal drops, if the disease has just begun. At home, it is usually prescribed to treat inflammation of the maxillary sinuses with antibiotics in tablets, capsules, syrups or suspensions. In the hospital, these drugs are injected intramuscularly or intravenously.

Local antibacterial agents for sinusitis

Topical antibiotics, nasal drops, sprays or aerosols, are used to treat catarrhal sinusitis. With this type of illness, the temperature rarely rises above 38 degrees, clear, serous, yellowish and greenish mucus with a neutral odor is released from the nasal passages, the general condition of the patient can be described as satisfactory.

To use antibiotic drops, the nose must first be prepared. In order for the active substance to reach the mucous membrane and be well absorbed, the nasal passages must be rinsed. To do this, you can use saline solution, sea water, another pharmaceutical drug or traditional medicine, for example, a decoction of herbs. Next, vasoconstrictor drops prescribed by the doctor (Nazol, Naphthyzin, Vibrocil, etc.) are instilled into the nose.

In order for the antibacterial drops to get as deep as possible into the nose and into the inflamed maxillary sinuses, the head must be thrown back during instillation.

The most effective local antibiotics for sinusitis are Bioparox and Isofra nasal drops and Polydex spray. The doctor will tell you which medications to use.

If antibiotic drops do not help, you need to choose a stronger drug and start taking it orally.

Antibiotics taken orally to treat inflammation of the maxillary sinuses

If the patient’s temperature is above 38 degrees, nasal breathing is impaired, there is reason to assume that sinusitis becomes purulent, antibacterial drops alone will be ineffective. The doctor will prescribe antibiotics in capsules or tablets for adults, syrups or suspensions for children. The best antibiotic for sinusitis is the drug to which pathogenic microorganisms are sensitive. A bacterial culture and analysis of an antibiotic history will help determine it (the doctor finds out what antibacterial drugs the patient was treated with previously).

For sinusitis, you will need to take broad-spectrum antibiotics, the active substance of which is:

  • cefixime (the trade name of the drug can be: Pancef, Suprax, Ceforal

Solutab);

  • amoxicillin (Amoxicillin, Hiconcil, etc.);
  • amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (Amoxiclav, Augmentin, etc.);
  • azithromycin (Azithromycin, Zitrolide, Sumamed, Ecomed, others);
  • erythromycin (Erythromycin);
  • ofloxacin (Ofloxacin, Zanotsin, Ofloxin, others);
  • ciprofloxacin (Ciprofloxacin, Tsipromed; Ecotsifol, others).

    • Sometimes the course of antibiotic therapy needs to be adjusted. If on the second or third day of taking the antibiotic the temperature does not drop, the condition does not improve or worsens, the drug should be replaced.

    Antibacterial drugs should be taken strictly according to the instructions, without exceeding or reducing the dose, following the recommendations for food intake. To maintain optimal concentrations of the drug in the blood, you need to respect the timing of taking antibiotics.

    As soon as the titer of pathogenic microbes decreases, the temperature begins to subside and the symptoms of the disease subside. After this, it is recommended to take the antibacterial drug for another day or two to consolidate the result.

    Drops and oral antibiotics can be used to treat sinusitis.

    During sinusitis, there is no need to avoid treatment with antibacterial agents. Modern drugs have minimal negative effects on the body if taken correctly. But you will be able to recover quickly and for sure.

    Source: http://jmedic.ru/o-gajmorite/antibiotiki-pri-gajmorite.html

    Which antibiotic is better for sinusitis?

    In the last century, the use of a special group of drugs – antibiotics – was very popular. They began to be used to treat all ailments of an infectious nature. A whole era of antibiotics had arrived - they were not difficult to purchase at any pharmacy, so patients practically determined their own course of treatment. Consequently, incorrectly selected drugs caused a side effect in the form of allergies, as well as the body's resistance to the effects of the antibiotic.

    New times have presented drugs that are based on plant materials and can very quickly eliminate the inflammatory process. On the contrary, not all groups of antibiotics are able to resist pathogenic viruses that provoke diseases such as herpes, some types of influenza and the most common - sinusitis. Therefore, it is advisable to understand which antibiotics are effective in eliminating sinusitis and its consequences.

    Which antibiotic is better for sinusitis?

    What is sinusitis and how to deal with it?

    When the nasal sinuses (more accurately called maxillary sinuses) become inflamed, an unpleasant illness such as sinusitis occurs. Very often it acts as a complication of a simple runny nose.

    The cavity of the maxillary sinus where pus accumulates during sinusitis

    It is not at all difficult to identify the first symptoms in an adult. The first symptoms that should become the driving force behind an urgent trip to the doctor are characterized by:

    1. When a person experiences a pressing and bursting feeling in the nasal sinuses.
    2. After which mucous discharge may appear. In the absence of therapy, the inflammatory process intensifies and this can be understood by the green tint of the mucous discharge. If yellowish discharge appears, you should sound the alarm, as this indicates the beginning of a purulent process.
    3. Pain in the area of ​​the maxillary sinuses begins to worry, which can intensify in the evening and radiate to the head. Also, the pain becomes much stronger when bending over.
    4. The patient feels a loss of strength, and the temperature rises significantly. But for chronic sinusitis (if the patient has started the disease or chosen the wrong therapy), then an increase in temperature is not typical.

    The first symptoms of sinusitis

    How is the diagnosis confirmed?

    To determine the disease, radiography is used; it is thanks to it that the presence of purulent contents in the nasal sinuses is determined. The most outdated method of treatment is puncture. The procedure is not pleasant and scary for almost every adult. Fortunately, this technique is a thing of the past and is extremely rarely used due to dangerous consequences and extreme pain.

    The process of puncture procedure in the treatment of sinusitis

    It is important! Remember that the doctor must send the patient for a smear, which will determine the type of microorganism that caused sinusitis. As a result, you can select an effective antibiotic as accurately as possible to quickly cope with the infection.

    Antibiotics: when are they needed?

    The first alarming symptoms are expressed in the form of copious purulent discharge, severe pain that radiates to the head and fever. If sinusitis has not progressed to the purulent stage, then you can get by with home treatment, which involves washing the sinuses with a special solution, instilling drops, and herbal inhalations.

    Signs of chronic sinusitis

    Before you start taking antibiotics, you should determine which pathogen caused the inflammatory process. As already mentioned, this can be done through a smear. You cannot make a diagnosis yourself and select antibiotics at random - this can lead to irreparable consequences. When the type of pathogenic microorganisms or virus is known, it is not difficult for a specialist to select the correct effective group of antibiotics.

    Note! There are a number of cases when taking antibiotics will be completely useless. First of all, for allergic reactions. Against their background, sinusitis can easily begin to develop. Therefore, treatment with antibiotics will be inappropriate and ineffective. A similar result can be expected when the causative agent of sinusitis is a fungal infection.

    Without knowing the clinical picture of the disease, you cannot ignore going to a specialist and confirming the diagnosis, followed by diagnostics for the correct selection of medications.

    How are antibiotics taken correctly?

    Inflammation of the maxillary sinuses with sinusitis

    For successful treatment, the right drug is not enough. After all, the result of recovery directly depends on the patient’s actions - how he follows the doctor’s instructions, whether he interrupts the use of antibiotics, or whether he uses additional self-prescribed drugs that can block the action of the antibiotic.

    So, depending on the complexity of the disease, the specialist prescribes an antibiotic in the form of injections, oral administration, or topical application. With moderate severity of sinusitis, tablets of antibiotics are generally used. More severe damage requires mandatory intravenous administration, but it can also be administered intramuscularly. Once relief occurs, the patient will be switched to oral medications.

    When taking antibiotics, the patient must follow the following recommendations:

    1. Do not deviate from the dose determined by the doctor.
    2. Take the drug strictly on time.
    3. Do not interrupt the prescribed course of antibiotics unless side effects are observed.
    4. Do not take additional medications that have not been approved by your doctor.
    5. Under no circumstances should you take alcohol or drugs at the same time.
    6. When purchasing a drug, pay attention to the expiration date.
    7. Additionally, to improve overall well-being, the doctor may prescribe thinning agents and anti-edema medications. Don't ignore them.
    8. You cannot use self-selected nasal drops in parallel with antibiotics. The entire course of treatment is drawn up by a doctor.

    The course of antibiotic treatment is drawn up only by a doctor

    Reference! On average, a course of treatment in tablet form lasts from one week to fourteen days. If this period is exceeded, the patient may experience intestinal dysbiosis. Consequently, beneficial microorganisms will be destroyed.

    What antibiotics are used to eliminate sinusitis?

    After establishing the diagnosis and subsequent identification of the causative agent, the specialist can choose an antibiotic from the main groups that are the most effective for eliminating sinusitis:

    1. Penicillin. It is considered the most common antibiotic that is used for manifestations of sinusitis.
    2. Macrolides. They are in second place after penicillin. Prescribed in case of individual intolerance to the penicillin group.
    3. Fluoroquinolones. It is a synthetic antibiotic. It can quickly eliminate the activity of the pathogen - bacteria, since the latter have not yet developed immunity to it.
    4. Cephalosporins. When there is no result from other drugs, this type of antibiotic is prescribed, which perfectly eliminates any inflammatory process.

    Attention! If the patient does not feel any relief already on the second or third day of taking the antibacterial drug, then this is evidence that the antibiotic was incorrectly selected and is not able to eliminate the pathogen. In addition, you need to take into account possible allergic consequences and the individual characteristics of the body.

    Video - Sinusitis: signs, symptoms and treatment

    Treatment of sinusitis

    Despite the fact that the symptoms of sinusitis caused by pathogenic bacteria are similar to the symptoms of sinusitis caused by a virus, the treatment is still significantly different. Experts do not immediately turn to antibiotics, but only as a last resort, when the effect of local drugs is absent or profuse purulent green or yellow discharge from the sinuses has begun.

    Viral sinusitis is treated in a special way. After all, penicillin macrolides are not able to eliminate the virus. The patient will feel improvement with this type of sinusitis only when the virus goes into an inactive phase.

    On the contrary, inflammation of a bacterial nature can be triggered by several types of pathogenic bacteria:

    Symptoms of allergic sinusitis

    When a patient does not have purulent drainage from the nasal sinuses, there is no elevated temperature, but there is severe swelling, then allergic sinusitis is diagnosed. In this case, the effects of antibiotics are powerless.

    Tablet form of antibiotics against sinusitis

    Antibiotics can be found in the form of capsules and tablets - this is a fairly convenient and most preferred form of drug release by patients. There are several of the most effective antibiotics in tablet form, which cope well with the disease and its consequences.

    Attention! If the antibiotic does not show results in the form of improvement in well-being within 48 hours, then you should not take it longer; it is ineffective against sinusitis.

    Intramuscular and intravenous types of antibiotics

    When a patient experiences intoxication of the body, the use of injections is indicated, since antibiotics in this form are highly bioavailable. So, the following drugs are considered the most effective:

    Local preparations

    The early stages of sinusitis are not so difficult to eliminate with the help of a special spray or drops. But even in this form antibiotics are produced.

    How to treat sinusitis in children with antibiotics?

    Most often, children may suffer from complications after rhinitis, which manifest themselves in the form of sinusitis. At the same time, an allergic reaction is clearly manifested in children, so doctors are required to prescribe antiallergic drops. In some cases, the use of antibiotics is not necessary.

    Sinusitis in children

    Attention! When using a spray or drops, the child should not feel a burning sensation. If such discomfort is present, it is recommended to use sea water.

    Additional recommendations for taking antibiotics

    The main disadvantage of taking antibacterial drugs for a long time is the destructive effect on the intestinal microflora. Consequently, the patient may develop dysbiosis. Therefore, it is recommended to take Fluconazole for preventive purposes. In case of stool disorder, a specialist may prescribe taking prebiotics.

    The drug Fluconazole to prevent dysbacteriosis

    It is very important that the dosage and duration of antibiotic use is determined by the attending physician. Otherwise, the patient’s condition may worsen significantly, and pathogenic microorganisms will become resistant to the chosen antibiotic.

    What happens if you don't take antibiotics?

    Sinusitis is dangerous due to its complications, which can manifest as serious diseases that threaten the patient’s life. So, the list of complications of sinusitis includes:

    1. Meningitis. A rather dangerous disease characterized by an inflammatory process of the membranes of the brain.
    2. Abscess. A process of isolated suppuration that occurs in the brain.
    3. Complete loss of one of the most important senses in life – smell.
    4. The beginning of the inflammatory process in the facial nerve.
    5. Spread of the lesion down the respiratory tract.
    6. Inflammation of the eye socket.

    Meningitis as a complication of sinusitis

    Possible side effects after taking

    Antibacterial treatment with antibiotics can not only improve the patient’s condition, but also lead to unpleasant manifestations of the body. In general, if we consider the treatment of sinusitis, then with a reasonable selection of antibiotics, the patient gets better in five days. But, in any case, the doctor should warn about possible side effects:

    1. Swelling of the face or throat.
    2. Difficulty breathing.
    3. Skin rashes, redness or other manifestations.
    4. The patient fainted.
    5. There is increased dizziness.
    6. Gastrointestinal disorders.

    If alarming symptoms appear, you should immediately call an ambulance and do not self-medicate. Successful recovery depends not only on the specialist, but also on the timeliness and correctness of the patient’s actions.

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    Source: http://med-explorer.ru/otolaringologiya/medicinskie-preparaty/kakoj-antibiotik-luchshe-pri-gajmorite.html