Antibiotics for sinusitis injections

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Antibiotic injections for sinusitis

Many people believe that injections for sinusitis are the basis of treatment, and there is no way to avoid them. This is not entirely true. At the moment, many different pharmaceuticals are used for the treatment of sinusitis, taken orally and also topically.

Table of contents:

However, if the disease has dragged on too long and is accompanied by complications, then you cannot do without taking injectable forms.

In what cases are injections prescribed?

Antibiotics are prescribed only for sinusitis, which is caused by pathogenic microflora. When choosing the optimal remedy, the type of pathogenic microorganism and its susceptibility to the action of antibacterial agents must be taken into account. Usually, otolaryngologists try to select the appropriate drug from oral medications. But in some cases it is necessary to give preference to injections of antibiotics, the use of which requires the patient to remain in the hospital. Such cases include:

  • inability to use oral medications;
  • ineffectiveness of oral medications;
  • severe form of sinusitis with severe symptoms of intoxication;
  • involvement of neighboring tissues in the pathological process, for example, the addition of otitis media or bronchitis;
  • advanced sinusitis, which requires immediate antibacterial treatment;
  • high risk of developing complications of the disease, requiring immediate action;
  • period after surgery;
  • Patients have stomach problems that make oral antibiotics undesirable.

Antibiotic Injection Options

Depending on the severity of the disease and the patient's condition, antibiotic injections may be given into a vein or gluteal muscle. For sinusitis, the second option for performing injections is more common.

Intravenous antibiotics for this disease are administered very rarely, only in the most severe cases with associated complications. Both jet and drip administration can be carried out.

Benefits of injections

The injection method of administering antibiotics, like other drugs, has its advantages. These include:

  • rapid manifestation of the therapeutic effect;
  • accuracy of product dosing;
  • administered drugs are not susceptible to the action of enzymes, which can change the effect by entering directly into the blood, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract;
  • Possibility of use for patients of any age;
  • the need to administer drugs to unconscious patients;
  • the ability to administer drugs that are destroyed in the digestive tract.

Disadvantages of injections

Injections are not a perfect method of introducing drugs into the body. Along with the advantages, they also have some disadvantages:

  • painful procedure;
  • increased requirements for the purity of injected substances and their production only under aseptic conditions;
  • blockage with air bubbles or undissolved particles of the substance may occur during intravenous administration;
  • a trained person is required to administer the injection;
  • Infection is possible if the manipulation rules are not followed.

Groups of antibiotics that are used as injections

Almost every group of antibiotics has representatives that are administered by injection. The choice of any drug is made taking into account the sensitivity of the pathogens. Ideally, bacterial culture should be performed. But since it takes several days to carry it out, and treatment cannot be delayed, the drug is chosen empirically based on data on the most common pathogenic microbes in the region.

Penicillins

Previously, representatives of this group were very popular drugs and were prescribed primarily for sinusitis. However, today parenteral forms of penicillins are used less and less. This is explained by the high resistance of microbes to their effects and the frequent occurrence of allergic reactions. In addition, most penicillin antibiotics require administration every 4 hours to maintain a constant concentration of the active substance in the blood, which is not entirely convenient. Representatives of this group are Benzylpenicillin and Ampicillin.

Special mention should be made of penicillins protected by clavulanic acid. They have a wider spectrum of action. Most often they are prescribed in oral forms. But in rare cases, parenteral administration is also possible. An important feature is that such drugs are administered only intravenously. An example of such penicillin is Amoxiclav. It contains amoxicillin and clavulanic acid.

Cephalosporins

It is the drugs of this group that are prescribed primarily for sinusitis. They are active against most microorganisms that cause disease. Cephalosporins exhibit a bactericidal effect, leading to the death of microbes.

A representative of the first generation of cephalosporins, Cefazolin has a narrow spectrum of action and is practically ineffective against gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, its use for sinusitis is prescribed quite rarely and in cases of confirmed sensitivity to it.

The third generation of cephalosporins is the most widely used. They are characterized by a high level of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. Representatives of cephalosporins, which are used in the form of injections:

  • Ceftriaxone (Tercef, Longacef, Rocephin, Lendatsin, Loraxone, Medaxone, Procef, Cefogram);
  • Cefotaxime (Klaforan, Loraxim, Fagocef, Sefotak).

Antibiotics of other groups

Antibacterial drugs of other groups in the form of injections for sinusitis are used quite rarely. Their main indication for use is the confirmed susceptibility of microorganisms and intolerance to cephalosporins and penicillins.

  • Gentamicin (a representative of aminoglycosides);
  • Lincomycin (lincosamide antibiotic);
  • Imipenem (carbapenem antibiotic).

Basic rules for administering injectable drugs

In order for medications to have the desired effect, it is necessary to adhere to certain rules for their use. These include:

  • The drug, its dose, frequency and duration of use are prescribed by the otolaryngologist in each case individually. This takes into account the severity of sinusitis, the type of pathological bacteria that caused it, the presence of complications and concomitant diseases in the patient. In addition, the age and weight of the patient play an important role in selecting the dose of the antibiotic.
  • It is prohibited to independently make changes to the treatment regimen prescribed by the doctor.
  • Before starting treatment, it is advisable to read the instructions for the drug, paying special attention to contraindications, side effects and drug interactions.
  • Immediately before the first injection, a skin test should be performed to identify antibiotic intolerance. If solutions of novocaine or lidocaine are used as a solvent, sensitivity to them must also be determined.
  • Most antibiotics are produced in powder form. Therefore, before use, they must be dissolved in a solvent recommended by a doctor. For intramuscular injections, this can be: water for injection, sodium chloride solution, novocaine or lidocaine. For intravenous use, sodium chloride solution is most often used as a solvent.
  • Each injection should be performed with a new disposable syringe.
  • It is forbidden to mix different antibiotics in one bottle.
  • You should not complete a course of antibiotic therapy earlier than recommended by your doctor. Even if all the symptoms have disappeared, the antibiotic is administered for another 1-3 days. Otherwise, a superinfection may develop or the disease may return with renewed vigor.
  • If any adverse reactions occur, it is recommended to consult a doctor immediately.
  • All possible drug interactions should be taken into account and, if necessary, adjustments to treatment should be made.
  • Most antibiotics reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, so other methods of preventing unwanted pregnancy should be considered during treatment.

Contraindications and precautions

All injectable antibiotics, like any medicine, have their contraindications. Moreover, each specific medicine has its own list of cases when it is impossible to take it. A general contraindication for all drugs without exception is the presence of hypersensitivity. It is important to take into account that penicillins and cephalosporins cause cross-allergy, which means that if you have hypersensitivity to any of their representatives, taking all drugs from both groups is prohibited.

Most antibiotic injections are prohibited during pregnancy. Their use in this period of a woman’s life is possible only if there are vital indications.

During treatment with antibacterial agents, breastfeeding will have to be interrupted.

Particular care is taken when prescribing antibiotic injections if there are problems with the functioning of the kidneys and liver. Such conditions require taking the minimum effective dose under medical supervision.

It should be borne in mind that all drugs that can inject for sinusitis can cause side effects. Therefore, you need to monitor your condition while receiving therapy and consult a doctor if there are any changes in your health.

Source: http://gaimorit-sl.ru/preparaty/ukoly-pri-gaimorite.html

Antibiotics for sinusitis: TOP effective and inexpensive

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the maxillary sinuses, which can be of a bacterial, allergic, traumatic, or viral nature. It usually develops against the background of colds, acute respiratory viral infections or influenza, but can act as a separate pathology.

If sinusitis is bacterial in nature, the patient is advised to use antimicrobial drugs. Without their use, the purulent exudate located in the sinuses can “break through”, affecting the human brain. The consequence of this may be encephalitis or meningitis.

When are antibacterial drugs necessary?

Antibiotics are extremely necessary if sinusitis is accompanied by the release of purulent contents of the sinuses from the nasal passages. The group and dosage of the drug can be prescribed exclusively by an otolaryngologist, based on the clinical manifestations of the disease and its severity.

Before using antibiotics, two diagnostic tests are required:

  1. Bacterial inoculation on a nutrient medium, with the help of which the nature of the disease is accurately established, as well as its causative agent (the type of pathogenic microorganisms that caused the development of purulent sinusitis).
  2. Antibioticogram. Such a clinical study determines the sensitivity of a particular type of pathogenic microorganism to certain antibacterial drugs. Thanks to its implementation, the doctor can prescribe exactly the medicine that will give maximum results in the fight against purulent sinusitis.

So, when are antibiotics necessary, and what might be the indications for their use? They are used if sinusitis is accompanied by the following symptoms:

  • pain in the area of ​​the frontal lobes and orbits;
  • pressing sensations in the nose and forehead;
  • a significant increase in body temperature (with acute purulent sinusitis, since chronic sinusitis almost never causes fever, except low-grade fever);
  • copious discharge of purulent exudate;
  • difficulty breathing through the nose, especially at night;
  • intense headaches, which are difficult to get rid of even with the help of potent painkillers;
  • discomfort, pain and pressing sensations in the nose and forehead when bending sideways or to the side.

If therapy is not started in a timely manner, the disease can not only become chronic, but also affect the brain. The consequences of such complications can be unpredictable.

Antibiotic therapy is usually prescribed a week after the onset of the pathological process. It is necessary if nasal rinsing and rinsing, as well as therapeutic inhalations, have not produced any results. Only the attending physician can prescribe an antibacterial drug - you should not self-medicate, since antimicrobial drugs, if used uncontrolled, can cause serious side effects, including angioedema and anaphylactic shock.

What antibiotics will help?

It is impossible to say unambiguously which antimicrobial drugs will be effective in each specific case. It all depends on the results of the antibiogram and bacterial culture for pathogenic microflora. The doctor will prescribe only the antibacterial drug to which the pathogen is most sensitive and has not yet developed resistance. The risk of adverse reactions is also taken into account.

Often, for the treatment of purulent sinusitis, patients are prescribed the use of the following groups of antibiotics:

  1. Penicillin. It is this group of antibacterial drugs that is most often used to treat mild sinusitis. This is due to the low risk of side effects from their use. However, if the disease is severe, such medications will not be effective.
  2. Macrolides. Prescribed in case of intolerance by the patient's body to antimicrobial drugs of the penicillin group.
  3. Fluoroquinols. The advantage of this series of antibacterial drugs is that most pathogenic microorganisms have not yet developed resistance to them. However, due to the fact that such substances are not synthesized in nature, but are manufactured exclusively in the laboratory, and are strictly contraindicated for young children.
  4. Cephalosporins. Such antibiotics are prescribed in extremely difficult situations - if sinusitis threatens to “break through” and affect the brain, or become chronic. They can also be prescribed if other antibacterial agents are ineffective.

Self-medication with antibiotics is dangerous because many patients begin therapy without making sure that they are not allergic to the chosen drug. Allergy tests are a mandatory measure that are always carried out by a doctor before starting treatment for purulent sinusitis in a patient.

List of antibiotics for sinusitis

The choice of antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis depends on several factors:

  • individual characteristics of the patient’s body;
  • presence of concomitant diseases;
  • the risk of developing allergies or complications after a course of antibiotic therapy (intestinal dysbiosis, etc.).

The selection of the drug is also carried out taking into account the results of a study of a smear of nasal secretions using the Gram staining method.

As a rule, therapy for sinusitis begins with relatively mild penicillin antibiotics. They have a bactericidal effect, achieved by blocking the synthesis of cellular elements of pathogenic microorganisms that cause sinusitis. This leads to the death of pathogenic microflora, resulting in recovery.

List of drugs based on the penicillin series:

  1. Ampicillin sulbactams: Sulbacin, Sultamicillin, Ampisid, etc.
  2. Amoxicillin clavulanates: Amoxiclav, Augmentin, Flemoclav, etc.

Use should be carried out under the close supervision of a physician, especially if treatment is prescribed for a small child. Although penicillins are considered one of the safest antibacterial groups, it never hurts to be safe.

Treatment with macrolides

Macrolides are given special preference because they rank first among antibacterial drugs in terms of their safety. They rarely cause side effects, which explains their popularity and relevance.

These drugs do not block the cell membranes of pathogenic bacteria, but have a bacteriostatic effect, that is, they prevent further proliferation of pathogenic microflora. These properties are especially useful for chronic purulent sinusitis.

Macrolide drugs can be:

  • 14-membered: Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, etc.;
  • 15-membered: the drug Azithromycin and its analogues (azalides) (Sumamed, Azitrus, Zitrolide, etc.);
  • 16-membered: Midecamycin, Spiramycin, Josamycin.

Use of cephalosporins

Cephalosporins have been used for the treatment of sinusitis for a long time, and quite successfully. In addition, microorganisms rarely develop resistance to this group of antibiotics, which is also considered their organizational advantage.

According to generally accepted co-assification, cephalosporins are:

  • 1st generation – Cefazolin, Ceflexin and their analogues;
  • 2 generations – Cefuroxime, Mefoxin, Zinacef, etc.;
  • 3 generations – Cefixime, Ceftriaxone, etc.;
  • 4 generations - Cefpirom, Cefepime, etc.;
  • 5th generation – Ceftolozane, Zaftera, etc.

Use of fluoroquinolones

Fluoroquinolones are synthetic substances that, in their structure and properties, are very different from other groups of antibacterial drugs. When treating sinusitis, these drugs are used only in extreme cases. During pregnancy and lactation they are strictly contraindicated, as they can cause serious harm to the health of the child.

Fluoroquinolones are divided into 4 generations (the list number reflects the generation number of the antibiotics in this series):

  1. Tarivid, Unikpev, Tarivid.
  2. Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Cifrinol, etc.
  3. Levofloxacin, Ecotsifol, Normax.
  4. Moxifloxacin, Avelox, Gemifloxacin, etc.

An antibacterial drug is prescribed only after collecting the results of a bacteriological nasal smear and an antibioticogram. Within two days after the start of therapy, the first improvement should occur. If this does not happen, the drug is urgently replaced with another.

Systemic antibiotics for sinusitis

Indications for oral or parenteral use of antibacterial drugs in the treatment of purulent sinusitis are:

  • development of intoxication syndrome;
  • prolonged course of the disease;
  • acute catarrhal sinusitis, accompanied by pronounced symptoms;
  • rapid progression of the disease in an acute form;
  • the presence of copious mucous or purulent discharge with severe nasal congestion;
  • severe pain in the maxillary sinuses, eyes, frontal lobes, cheekbones;
  • development of complications of sinusitis, expressed through otitis, periostitis of the upper segment of the jaw, addition of a secondary infection, etc.

Oral and parenteral administration of antibiotics often causes complications in the form of allergic reactions and intestinal dysbiosis. For this reason, the patient must be prescribed probiotics in parallel.

Injectable drugs

The most optimal option for antibacterial agents for sinusitis, dispensed in the form of solutions for intramuscular injections, is considered to be the cephalosporin group. If we talk about specific medications, the drugs Cefazolin and Ceftriaxone are often used for this purpose. Despite the similarity in the principle of influencing pathogenic microflora, these agents also have some differences.

  1. Ceftriaxone is a dry powder, dispensed in ampoules, and intended for the preparation of a solution for intramuscular or intravenous administration. It is used for severe sinusitis and has a powerful bactericidal effect. The powder is diluted with water for injection or lidocaine solution (painkiller). This medicine is extremely necessary in the presence of purulent contents of the maxillary sinuses. Progress is noted after 2-3 injections.
  2. Cefazolin is also available in powder form for the preparation of an injection solution. Diluted with sodium chloride or water for injection. It is used for the treatment of acute sinusitis without pronounced complications. A significant drawback of the drug is its ability to cause severe allergic reactions, so it is used with extreme caution to treat young children.

The main difference between Ceftriaxone and Cefazolin is that this drug has a more powerful effect. Both injections are very painful, but Ceftriaxone still causes a more intense pain syndrome, so the powder is diluted with lidocaine.

Local treatment

Systemic administration of antibacterial drugs is often carried out in combination with special solutions for treating the nasal cavity. Here is a list of the most effective drugs.

  1. Polydexa. This antibiotic is used extremely rarely to treat the nasal passages because it can cause serious side effects. It contains neomycin and polymyxin B. However, the spray gives good results in the treatment of sinusitis and purulent sinusitis, and also prevents the development of complications of the disease and the addition of a secondary infection.
  2. Biparox is an antibacterial drug for topical use in the treatment of sinusitis. Dispensed in the form of an aerosol with a dispenser for spraying the medicine into the nasal passages. The active substance is fusafungine. This polypeptide antibiotic copes well with various pathogenic microflora: pathogenic bacteria, fungi, mycoplasma, etc. At the same time, it has an anti-inflammatory effect.
  3. Isofra is another highly effective antibacterial agent for combating acute manifestations of sinusitis. The active substance is the aminoglycoside framycetin. The spray copes well with inflammatory processes occurring in the paranasal sinuses.

Another widely used aminoglycoside antibiotic intended for topical use is Taizomed. The drug contains the active component torbamycin. This is a broad-spectrum drug that has a powerful antimicrobial effect.

Contraindications and side effects

Antibiotics should not be used to treat sinusitis if:

  • presence of allergic reactions;
  • pregnancy (without a doctor’s prescription) (see first signs of pregnancy);
  • renal failure (drugs Flemoxin, Sumamed, Zitrolide);
  • liver dysfunction (Amoxiclav).

Other contraindications to the treatment of sinusitis with antimicrobial drugs are:

  • lymphocytic leukemia;
  • Infectious mononucleosis;
  • children under 12 years of age;
  • impaired blood clotting;
  • tendency to open bleeding.

If used incorrectly or overdosed with antibacterial drugs, side effects may occur in the form of nausea, vomiting, slight rise in body temperature, skin flushing, itching, urticaria, headaches, dizziness, stool disorders, and sleep problems. Children may develop conjunctivitis, their general health may deteriorate, and migraines may occur. To avoid this, take the medications prescribed by your doctor correctly!

Are there antibiotics for children?

It is not antibiotics that are “adult” or “children”, but the dosage of a particular drug. Treatment of sinusitis in young patients is mainly based on the local use of antimicrobial agents. Basically, these are drops or sprays.

There are other “children’s” forms of antibiotics:

  • suspensions for oral administration;
  • tablets (from 12 years and older);
  • injections.

Only an ENT specialist, a family doctor or a pediatrician can select a specific drug and prescribe its dosage. Doctors often recommend treating sinusitis in children with the drugs Isofra, Summed, Polydex, etc. Previously, Bioparox was used for this purpose, but now it is prohibited.

It is very important to correctly approach the use of antibiotics prescribed by a doctor for sinusitis. Their prescription should always be accompanied by additional prescription of antihistamines, antiallergic and anti-edematous medications. This could be Allerdez, L-Cet, children's Loratadine, etc. Suspensions and syrups are used for children, and tablets for older children. After completing therapy, it is advisable to take antiallergic drugs for a few more days to consolidate the effect.

The main mistake of most parents is trying to self-medicate sinusitis in a child. Folk remedies, of course, quite often give positive results in the fight against pathology, but they can also cause harm. Many alternative medicine recipes only temporarily postpone the problem, but do not help to get rid of it completely. Therefore, remember: no one can prescribe the most effective remedy for sinusitis - only a qualified otolaryngologist!

Conclusion

Sinusitis is a very dangerous and insidious disease that can cause a number of complications. It can develop gradually or progress rapidly.

The feasibility of using antibiotics and the choice of a specific drug depends on its stage. However, this can only be judged by the attending physician, so do not risk your health by not wanting to stand in line to see an otolaryngologist. Be healthy!

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Source: http://simptomy-lechenie.net/antibiotiki-pri-gajmorite-top-10/

Injections with antibiotics and other drugs for the treatment of sinusitis

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses. The latter are placed in the nose area, around the eyes, behind the forehead and cheekbones. As a rule, sinusitis follows a cold or severe rhinitis and is accompanied by a characteristic headache.

In the usual case, inflammation is treated with sprays, tablets, nasal rinsing and heating. However, in severe cases of the disease, more potent drugs are required - injections.

Medicines used

The need for them arises rarely. Moreover, the use of antibiotics or drugs of another group is determined not so much by the severity of the disease as by the origin of the disease.

Mechanism of disease

The causes of sinusitis are not hypothermia or the cold itself, but pathogenic microflora:

Most often, the disease is provoked by the same viruses that cause colds. At the same time, the amount of mucus secreted in the sinus increases, the sinus swells, which blocks the normal drainage of fluid from the nose. Over time, mucus and fluid accumulate to such an extent that they exert pressure and cause headaches.

An environment favorable for the development of fungi and bacteria is formed inside the sinus. The latter not only increase swelling and pain, but can also lead to tissue death - purulent sinusitis.

The course of a disease caused by an allergic reaction is somewhat different. The mechanism is essentially the same: sinus swelling, irritation, accumulation of mucus and difficulty removing it. But, since the cause is an external factor, the development of the disease depends entirely on contact with the allergen. Until the source of the irritation is discovered, the disease cannot be cured.

Fungal infections usually cause sinusitis against a background of weakened immunity - blood diseases, diabetes. Fungal sinusitis is difficult to treat.

Video of antibiotics used for sinusitis:

Bacteria cause sinusitis against the background of rhinitis. Violation of the outflow of fluid from the nose does not allow bacteria to be cleared in time. The latter multiply in the nasal cavity and eventually end up in the maxillary sinuses, which leads to the onset of the disease. The most common causes of sinusitis are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, and hemophilia infection.

The disease can take different forms. Treatment is determined not only by the cause of the disease, but also by the stage of development, severity and form.

  • Acute sinusitis - most often occurs against the background of a severe cold and is accompanied by pressure and pain in the inflamed sinuses, severe headache, and purulent nasal discharge. The disease lasts no more than 4 weeks. The sinuses can become inflamed up to 3 times a year.

Treatment of the disease

Like any other ailment, sinusitis is accompanied by a number of symptoms and can cause some complications. Treatment objectives are:

  • pain relief and pressure reduction;
  • improved mucus removal and reduced swelling;
  • destruction of infection or virus;
  • preventing the appearance of scar tissue. The latter, due to its heterogeneity, is a constant irritating factor, and, therefore, provokes illness.

How cuckoo is done for sinusitis and how effective this procedure is is described in this article.

But this article will help you understand how sinusitis is treated with Ceftriaxone antibiotics.

How to use the spray for sinusitis Rinofluimucil is described in great detail in this article: http://prolor.ru/n/bolezni-n/gajmorit/rinofluimucil.html

But this article will help you understand how to use Bioparox for sinusitis.

First line antibiotics

Antibiotics are most often used to accomplish the 3rd task and when conventional oral medications do not work. It makes sense to prescribe them after receiving the culture results: antibiotics are not universal and act on a specific group of pathogens.

  • Penicillin antibiotics – amoxicillin, ampicillin. The inconvenience of such a drug is the need to maintain a high concentration: injections are given every 3-4 hours. The drug is administered intravenously and intramuscularly, the dose is determined by the severity of inflammation - from 250 thousand to 60 million units.

Amoxicillin tablets

In addition, penicillin is a fairly strong allergen and is not suitable for many patients. Despite this, the drug is considered safe, is a first-line antibiotic and can be prescribed to children. As a rule, penicillins are effective against various forms of the disease. But how to use amoxicillin, including for sore throat in adults, is described in great detail in this article.

  • Aminoglycosides – tobramycin, gentamicin. Prescribed at the rate of 1.5–1.7 mg per 1 kg of body per day. Injections are given 2 per day. The drug is very active against Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella, but does not suppress streptococci and other anaerobic bacteria.

Gentamicin for injection

Aminoglycosides have unpleasant side effects, in particular, they affect the auditory nerve, causing deafness, which is irreversible. Therefore, their use should be monitored by a doctor.

  • Macrolides – clarithromycin, azithromycin. Antibiotics are equally active against Moraxella and streptococci. Clarithromycin is prescribed at 4.5 mg per 1 kg of body weight. The course takes 7–10 days.

Azithromycin tablets

Azithromycin acts somewhat differently: it is characterized by a long half-life, so they drink it like this: 500 mg on the first day and 250 mg for the next 5 days. Injections are prescribed only in severe cases, the course is no more than 2 days, after which they switch to tablets.

Macrolides are used in the treatment of sinusitis only if an allergy to penicillin drugs is registered.

  • The antibiotics of the lincosamide group, lincomycin, are also similar in action to macrolides. The drug has a bacteriostatic effect, and at high dosages it has a bactericidal effect. Active against anaerobic bacteria. Lincomycin can be administered intramuscularly - 600 mg 1-2 times a day, and intravenously. Lincomycin is incompatible with calcium gluconate and penicillin drugs.

Lincomycin tablets

If there is an allergy to all 3 groups of drugs, second-line medications are prescribed. These include cephalosporins. fluoroquinolines and protected penicillins. The same antibiotics are also prescribed in case of acute purulent sinusitis.

Antibiotics have an effect quite quickly. If after 3-4 days there is no improvement, you should consult a doctor with repeated complaints. Lack of effect is a direct indication for replacing the antibiotic.

Second line drugs

The ideal way to determine the correct antibiotic is to bacterially culture the contents of the maxillary sinuses. However, for such an analysis it is necessary to do a puncture. As a result, the doctor usually prescribes the drug based on the patient's experience and allergies.

  • Protected penicillins are the name given to the complex of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Most often they are prescribed in tablet form.

Clavulanic acid tablets

Cefuroxime for injection

Cefpodoxime powder

Antibiotics are not only potent drugs, but also have a lot of side effects. Self-medication with their help is unacceptable.

Relieving symptoms

In addition to destroying pathogenic microflora, the goal of treatment is to suppress other symptoms - swelling, irritation, severe headache. In some cases, here too, administering the medication by injection turns out to be more appropriate.

  • Hot injection - calcium chloride solution. It got its name from the feeling of heat that the patient will experience after administration. Calcium chloride significantly reduces inflammation and is especially effective in cases of allergic sinusitis.

Calcium chloride solution for injection

During pregnancy or problems with the kidneys, heart, liver, the drug is not prescribed. There is also hot powder for colds, but this article will help you understand how to use it.

  • Calcium gluconate injections are prescribed as an adjuvant. With sinusitis, small blood vessels are damaged. Calcium gluconate helps restore the elasticity of the vascular wall, which reduces swelling and restores normal blood supply. As a rule, it is used for allergic sinusitis, since it has an anti-allergenic effect.

Calcium gluconate is usually administered or taken as part of other drugs - rutoside, paracetamol.

  • Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticosteroid. It is a strong anti-inflammatory agent and also reduces swelling and hyperemia. Prescribed for severe forms of sinusitis. The course is organized in such a way that treatment is carried out in minimal effective doses and in the shortest possible time. The medicine is withdrawn gradually. But how to use dexamethasone for laryngitis in children is described in great detail in this article.

Dexamethasone is administered intravenously and intramuscularly - 0.5–2.4 mg per day in 2 doses.

Dexamethasone for injection

  • For the same purpose, prednisolone or beclamethosone dipropionate is used. The dose does not exceed 30–40 mg per day, administered intravenously by drip. Used to relieve acute severe inflammation.

Injections of antibiotics and other drugs are prescribed for nosocomial, that is, microbial origin, acute ailments. Prescribing them for mild forms of the disease is inappropriate and fraught with consequences.

But this article will help you understand how to treat sinusitis without a puncture and with what means.

What antibiotics for sinusitis and sinusitis are the best and most effective are described in this article.

Reviews

  • Elena, 32 years old, St. Petersburg: “I treated sinusitis several times, and for a long time. As it turned out, the pathogen turned out to be insensitive to amoxicillin, and various ENT doctors persistently prescribed it to me. They prescribed clarithromycin, and things went well.”
  • Tatyana, 28 years old, Arkhangelsk: “I changed antibiotics twice during treatment. They looked for it empirically: 3 days there was no change, they prescribed another one. And the sinusitis was severe, purulent. In the end, they injected lincomycin.”
  • Alexander, 31 years old, Kaspiysk: “I suffered acute sinusitis last year. I had a terrible headache, I couldn’t breathe through my nose, and when the temperature rose, I had to go to the hospital. Antibiotics were injected for the first 4 days - amoxicillin. They gave me a hot injection for inflammation. It all went away in 10 days.”
  • Veronica, 26 years old, Lipetsk: “I’ve had sinusitis since childhood, I’ve had it pierced several times. I used sprays, tablets, and injections. The injections help faster. I was prescribed gentamicin. It all went away in 5 days and I didn’t have to pierce it.”

Antibiotics for sinusitis are prescribed in cases where the cause of the disease is pathogenic bacteria. Injections are the most effective form of drug administration, but also the most dangerous, since possible side effects in this case are more pronounced.

Source: http://prolor.ru/n/bolezni-n/gajmorit/antibiotiki-pri-gajmorite-ukoly.html

What injections are given for sinusitis?

With sinusitis, an inflammatory process is observed that interferes with nasal breathing, causing mental and physical suffering. To avoid such discomfort and unfavorable clinical outcome, it is recommended to start treatment on time. Doctors recommend injections for sinusitis only in case of a complicated course of the characteristic illness; previously, you can do without antibiotics.

Health hazard

Many patients are frightened by the word “injections” and are associated with painful and unpleasant sensations. To get rid of internal fear, it is advisable to remember what complications can arise from progressive sinusitis. Only in this case will the patient understand how dangerous this disease is, and it is not advisable to abandon conservative therapy.

It is worth recalling that sinusitis is a pathology of the ENT organs, but the proximity of the affected areas to the cerebral cortex is a tangible threat to the patient’s body. If intensive care is not started in a timely manner, the infectious process from sinusitis spreads to the meninges and contributes to their large-scale infection. To avoid progressive meningitis, it's time to seriously think about your health.

Treatment of the pathology of complicated symptoms involves puncture of the inflamed maxillary sinuses. Such methods are effective, but are fraught with postoperative complications. As an alternative, you can try to save your health with antibiotics, but proceed after consulting with your doctor. Only in this case can you get rid of sinusitis painlessly.

General information about the procedure

With a progressive disease, the main goal of a specialist is to destroy pathogenic flora and speed up the process of eliminating pathogenic microorganisms. For these purposes, antibiotics are mandatory, and they can be taken not only as tablets, but also in the form of injections. Oral administration of representatives of this pharmacological group provides a weak effect, while injections specifically affect sinusitis.

You can buy injections for injections at a pharmacy, but first of all, it is important to check with your otolaryngologist about the intensive care regimen and its features. Treatment of sinusitis with antibiotics involves the introduction of intravenous and intramuscular injections, which provide a multifaceted effect in a weakened body. So, the medical indications are detailed below:

  • excessive pus secretion with severe attacks of pain;
  • determination of the bacterial nature of sinusitis;
  • general serious condition of the patient, intense symptoms.
It is necessary to treat a characteristic ailment, but before you buy injections, you need to study the instructions for the medicine, consult a doctor, and determine who from your environment will perform such manipulations, which are simple for medical workers.

Types of medications

Before resorting to antibiotics, it is necessary to carry out a laboratory test to identify the pathogenic handicap. The causative agent of the disease will be identified, and the patient can count on rapid positive dynamics. Only in this case can medications be prescribed, otherwise the desired therapeutic effect will still not occur. Antibiotic agents declared in the form of injections cover three groups at once:

  1. Cephalosporins. The active components are capable of disrupting the integrity of gram-negative bacteria and have a minimum of side effects and contraindications. Particularly effective are medications such as Ceftazidime, Zinacef, Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime.
  2. Aminoglycosides. The drugs are effective against a number of pathogenic microorganisms, but have a number of side effects and contraindications. Prominent representatives of this group are Tobramycin and Gentamicin.
  3. Carbapenems. Toxic drugs have many contraindications; cases of overdose and poisoning of the body cannot be ruled out. Take in a hospital setting for complicated forms of sinusitis. Doripenem and Imipenem have proven themselves well.
  4. Penicillins. The drug is obsolete, but is well tolerated by the body. Amoxicillin is best taken in injections, since the effect of tablets on the site of pathology is mediocre.
  5. Macrolides. These are the best drugs for penicillin intolerance, which quickly kill pathogenic flora. The most commonly used are Clarithromycin and Azithromycin, which quietly adapt and disrupt the integrity of the pathogenic infection.

The use of hot injections for sinusitis is also relevant, and the introduction of calcium chloride helps to increase systemic blood flow and distribute the medicine throughout the body at an accelerated pace. Antibiotics in this case act faster and speed up the healing process.

Contraindications for sessions

Not all interested patients are allowed to take antibiotics for progressive sinusitis. For example, in the case of a mild form of a characteristic illness, it is better to choose other pharmacological groups, or take antibiotics in the form of tablets. This is explained by the fact that injection with weak activity of pathogenic flora has a detrimental effect on the intestinal flora, changes its composition, and contributes to the development of dysbiosis. To avoid such complications, it is quite enough to carry out antibacterial therapy in tablet form.

Before using antibiotic injections, such as Cefotaxime, it is useful to study other contraindications. This:

  • pregnancy;
  • lactation period;
  • individual intolerance to synthetic components;
  • problems with the heart and blood vessels;
  • liver and kidney failure;
  • childhood;
  • in combination with certain antibiotic agents.

In the latter case, it is necessary to focus on drug interactions, since a complex of two antibiotics can only complicate the course of the disease and cause intoxication of the body with pronounced symptoms. Therefore, this issue must be monitored especially carefully and discussed with the attending physician in advance.

Classification of injections

If sinusitis progresses, the doctor must examine the actual condition of the maxillary sinuses. Only in this case can you choose a competent approach to the problem. If the disease develops already in an advanced stage, there are three options for the development of further events:
  1. Puncture of the maxillary sinuses. In this case, an incision is made to further pump out the pus that has accumulated in the nose. After cleaning, the patient is given antibiotics, for example, Cefotaxime in ampoules, in order to paralyze the pathogenic flora and remove it more quickly. The procedure is unpleasant, rehabilitation is required, and complications are possible.
  2. Intramuscular injection. The procedure is mandatory in complicated clinical situations, and it can be performed at home. The main goal is to fill the blood with antibodies against pathogenic viruses and microbes. If you take a course of injections, positive dynamics for sinusitis are guaranteed.
  3. Intravenous administration of hot injections. This is calcium chloride, which stimulates blood circulation and accelerates the healing effect in the body. The procedure is carried out in a hospital setting with the participation of a nurse. After the injection, you will have to lie down, since side effects include nausea, dizziness, and tremors of the limbs.

The otolaryngologist decides which method of treating sinusitis to choose. In most cases, experts recommend the third generation antibiotic Cefotaxime or its analogues. A high level of bioavailability ensures productive absorption into the systemic bloodstream and intestines, which means that the medicine will soon take effect. Side effects, cases of overdose, are minimized, and in case of drug interactions, Cefotaxime acts gently and purposefully on the site of pathology.

It only remains to add that superficial self-medication is harmful, and thoughtful recommendations from a specialist and coordinated actions of the patient help to finally get rid of a progressive illness in the shortest possible time. Sinusitis is no exception to this generally accepted rule in modern medicine.

Source: http://noslor.ru/protsedury/ukoly-pri-gajmorite.html

Injections for sinusitis: what antibiotics are given to adults and children?

An alternative name for sinusitis is maxillary sinusitis. Such a dangerous disease has an extensive clinical picture; it can result from many causes. Depending on the cause of the disease, there are a number of significantly different treatment methods.

It is easy to get rid of catarrhal sinusitis with the help of ordinary rinses with medicines. If bacterial microflora is present, then an integrated approach based on antibiotic therapy is necessary. An otolaryngologist prescribes injections for sinusitis if the disease is severe and tablet antibiotics are powerless.

Cases when injections are prescribed for sinusitis

The treatment regimen is drawn up exclusively by the attending physician during observation of the patient. The doctor proceeds from subjective and objective signs. As a rule, rinses, sprays and nasal drops, tablets, traditional medicine, and physiotherapy are used. Unfortunately, bacterial infection threatens unpredictable development, resistance of pathogens to antibiotics and a sharp deterioration in a person’s condition.

A doctor may prescribe injections for sinusitis for a number of reasons:

  • development of purulent sinusitis with symptoms requiring urgent treatment with potent drugs;
  • increased body temperature, poor condition of the patient, signs of a severe form of the disease, inflammatory processes (bronchitis);
  • immune deficiency;
  • period after surgery;
  • stomach problems that prevent you from taking tablet medications, which may have an undesirable effect on the gastrointestinal tract;
  • low effectiveness of taking antibiotics orally;
  • the risk of complications, such as sepsis, requires injections;
  • the presence of a pathogen that belongs to an association of microbes or a high-level form.

Injections of antibiotics for sinusitis are more effective, since the action of drugs occurs many times faster, at the same time, the percentage of absorption of active substances is significantly higher. When prescribing antibiotics, it is considered mandatory to comply with the main conditions - preliminary bacterial culture, identification of bacterial sensitivity to a specific type of antibiotic, and extremely correct selection of the active drug.

Preparations for injections

The research results may influence the doctor’s choice of the antibiotic that will be most effective for treating sinusitis individually for each patient.

When there is no time for additional examinations, the doctor has to make a choice that the only way to cure sinusitis is injections. The doctor chooses a remedy with the widest range of actions. There are several types of basic antibiotics that are effective for sinusitis.

Biosynthetic penicillins

These substances work best if the patient has not previously resorted to them to treat sinusitis. Drugs in this series are quickly eliminated from the body, so they must be administered once every 4 hours. The downside of the drug is the risk of allergies. In addition, resistance to drugs in this group increases every year. Recently, penicillins are prescribed less and less for sinusitis.

Cephalosporins

This series of antibiotics has several generations. In the second generation, individual drugs, such as Cefazolin, are used for injections less frequently than for rinsing the sinuses. Typically, third-generation drugs are chosen, for example, Cefotaxime and Ceftazidime, as well as second-generation drugs - Zinacef. The structure of cephalosporins is similar to penicillins, so they are used with caution due to the possibility of developing allergies.

Of the entire line, Ceftriaxone is used most often, as it is highly effective against staphylococci, streptococci, Neisseria, Escherichia, enterobacteria, and Haemophilus influenzae. The good thing about this product is that one injection lasts up to 12 hours. Ceftriaxone injections for adults are given twice a day. After just an hour, a bactericidal effect can be observed, since the substance is absorbed well into tissues and liquid media.

The active substance blocks the cell walls of pathogenic organisms, preventing their reproduction. For injection, special water for injection or novocaine is added to an ampoule with 2 g of medicine in the form of a white powder, after which the administration of the medicine becomes painless. Injections must be continued for 4 to 8 days.

Aminoglycosides

They act selectively. While particularly effective against a variety of bacteria, they are useless against streptococci and anaerobes. Among the representatives of these drugs, Tobramycin and Gentamicin are known. The injections are repeated twice a day, one and a half to two milligrams per kilogram of the patient are calculated. Injections are carried out only in the presence of a doctor and based on his recommendations.

Carbapenems

Imipenem, Doripenem are representatives of this type of antibiotics, which are characterized by a wide spectrum of effects. They are considered the most powerful known antibiotics and can be prescribed by a doctor in extremely severe cases of purulent sinusitis with complications.

Injections of this drug are given in the hospital under the strict supervision of an otolaryngologist. After a course of injections, the intestinal microflora is restored with the help of probiotics.

Contraindications to injections with antibiotics

Not everyone recommends intramuscular injections with antibiotics for sinusitis. There is a list of patients for whom this method of treatment is contraindicated or indicated with extreme caution. This list consists of:

  • nursing mothers;
  • infants;
  • pregnant women;
  • people prone to allergies;
  • patients with cardiovascular diseases or kidney disease.

Parenteral administration of mild antibiotics for sinusitis should not be used, since the negative effect on the gastrointestinal tract will cover all the benefits from them.

“Hot injection” for the treatment of sinusitis

In complex therapy of the disease, in addition to intramuscular injections with antibiotics, intravenous injection of calcium chloride by jet method is often used. It is used to reduce the intensity of inflammation and to strengthen the walls of blood vessels. The method is effective in the case of allergic sinusitis, since the activity of the allergic reaction is reduced. “Hot” injections are called so because they subsequently cause heat to spread throughout the patient’s body.

Penetration of the substance under the skin leads to necrotic changes in the tissue. The drug is injected exclusively into large veins to prevent burns to the walls of blood vessels.

Contraindications for “Hot injection”:

  • liver, heart and kidney diseases;
  • pregnancy;
  • therapy of heart diseases with glycosides.

puncture injection

A specific injection in the form of a puncture involves piercing the wall of the maxillary sinus with a thick needle. It is used in cases of purulent sinusitis when the outflow of mucus is impossible due to edema. At times, puncture injections are used for diagnostic purposes, when it is impossible to determine the essence of the processes occurring inside from just one x-ray. In this case, a sample is first taken from the accessory chamber. Further examination of the contents determines the treatment process.

Puncture is considered one of the types of minimally invasive interventions. After piercing with a syringe, the chamber is filled with a medicinal mixture, including mucolytics and antiseptics. With the help of a puncture, purulent exudate can be evacuated using preliminary liquefaction. By repeatedly inserting a needle into the cavity, medicine with antibiotics is delivered, designed to destroy bacteria and relieve inflammation. With its help, the purulent exudate is liquefied and evacuated through a syringe. Then, in the same way, a solution with antibiotics is delivered into the cavity, which are designed to destroy pathogenic bacteria.

Other injections for sinusitis

Sometimes otolaryngologists can prescribe injections of medications, for example, if the form of the disease requires it, if the patient’s general condition, as well as the reasons for the development of the disease, suggest this. In some cases, the following drugs may be used.

  1. Suprastin is an antihistamine that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly for local or general sensitization. It is necessary to give injections once a day during the treatment period for the purulent form of the disease. Injections are given two or three times a day in case of allergic sinusitis. Drowsiness may occur during treatment.
  2. Glucocorticosteroids (Dexamethasone, Hydrocortisone and Prednisolone) relieve inflammation and allergic reactions well. The drugs are not used in cases of purulent sinusitis.
  3. Antifungal agents are used when tissue is damaged by fungus. Fluconazole injections help prevent the proliferation of fungi when tablets are powerless. Used for 2-4 days as it is toxic. Contraindicated for chronic liver diseases.

How to give a child an injection?

In case of sinusitis, the child’s parents need to be able to make intramuscular injections themselves, or constantly go to the hospital, or find a nurse who lives nearby. Many people do not know that this procedure is actually simple and you just need to show minimal responsibility and care.

It is better to prepare for the injection in a room without a child in order to avoid unnecessary thoughts in his mind. First you need to wash your hands well and file the ampoule, then prepare the medicine - collect it in a syringe and squeeze out excess air and bubbles through the needle. All actions must be performed strictly wearing sterile medical gloves.

An intramuscular injection is given in the upper outer part of one of the buttocks due to the fact that there are no large neurovascular bundles there. It is advisable to hold the child during the procedure to avoid problems.

Further list of actions:

  1. Wipe the injection site with alcohol.
  2. One hand stretches the skin, the other makes an injection with a quick movement.
  3. For the best effect, the medicine should be administered slowly, as this reduces the pain that occurs after the injection.
  4. After the injection, the injection site must be pressed with cotton wool.
  5. At the end, you need to massage the skin puncture site.

It is very important that the child is mentally prepared for the injection, perhaps present it in the form of a game, but not frighten him with injections.

Source: http://gaimorit.guru/preparations/ukoly-pri-gajmorite-antibiotiki