Acyclovir containing drugs

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Acyclovir containing drugs

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Medicines containing Acyclovir

Provirsan

International name: Aciclovir

Dosage form: capsules, lyophilisate for solution for infusion, suspension for oral administration, tablets, soluble tablets

Table of contents:

Pharmacological action: Antiviral drug - a synthetic analogue of thymidine nucleoside. In infected cells containing viral thymidine kinase, occurs.

Indications: Treatment of primary and recurrent severe genital herpes (including in patients with impaired immunity) - orally and parenterally; prevention .

Cyclovax

International name: Aciclovir

Dosage form: capsules, lyophilisate for solution for infusion, suspension for oral administration, tablets, soluble tablets

Pharmacological action: Antiviral drug - a synthetic analogue of thymidine nucleoside. In infected cells containing viral thymidine kinase, occurs.

Indications: Treatment of primary and recurrent severe genital herpes (including in patients with impaired immunity) - orally and parenterally; prevention .

Cycloviral Sedico

International name: Aciclovir

Dosage form: capsules, lyophilisate for solution for infusion, suspension for oral administration, tablets, soluble tablets

Pharmacological action: Antiviral drug - a synthetic analogue of thymidine nucleoside. In infected cells containing viral thymidine kinase, occurs.

Indications: Treatment of primary and recurrent severe genital herpes (including in patients with impaired immunity) - orally and parenterally; prevention .

Acyclovir Hexal

International name: Aciclovir

Dosage form: cream for external use, eye ointment, ointment for external use

Pharmacological action: Antiviral drug - a synthetic analogue of thymidine nucleoside. In infected cells containing viral thymidine kinase, occurs.

Indications: Cream and ointment for external use - herpes simplex of the skin and mucous membranes, genital herpes (primary and recurrent); localized herpes zoster (auxiliary treatment). Eye ointment - herpetic keratitis.

Acyclovir-N.S.

International name: Aciclovir

Dosage form: capsules, lyophilisate for solution for infusion, suspension for oral administration, tablets, soluble tablets

Pharmacological action: Antiviral drug - a synthetic analogue of thymidine nucleoside. In infected cells containing viral thymidine kinase, occurs.

Indications: Treatment of primary and recurrent severe genital herpes (including in patients with impaired immunity) - orally and parenterally; prevention .

Acyclovir-Teva

International name: Aciclovir

Dosage form: capsules, lyophilisate for solution for infusion, suspension for oral administration, tablets, soluble tablets

Pharmacological action: Antiviral drug - a synthetic analogue of thymidine nucleoside. In infected cells containing viral thymidine kinase, occurs.

Indications: Treatment of primary and recurrent severe genital herpes (including in patients with impaired immunity) - orally and parenterally; prevention .

Acyclostad

International name: Aciclovir

Dosage form: cream for external use, eye ointment, ointment for external use

Pharmacological action: Antiviral drug - a synthetic analogue of thymidine nucleoside. In infected cells containing viral thymidine kinase, occurs.

Indications: Cream and ointment for external use - herpes simplex of the skin and mucous membranes, genital herpes (primary and recurrent); localized herpes zoster (auxiliary treatment). Eye ointment - herpetic keratitis.

Acic-ophthal

International name: Aciclovir

Dosage form: cream for external use, eye ointment, ointment for external use

Pharmacological action: Antiviral drug - a synthetic analogue of thymidine nucleoside. In infected cells containing viral thymidine kinase, occurs.

Indications: Cream and ointment for external use - herpes simplex of the skin and mucous membranes, genital herpes (primary and recurrent); localized herpes zoster (auxiliary treatment). Eye ointment - herpetic keratitis.

Source: http://pilulkin.com.ua/agent_of_drug/1483/atsiklovir/

Different forms of the drug Acyclovir (tablets and ointment): instructions for use

Acyclovir (tablets and ointment), the instructions for use of which recommend it as an antiviral drug, works effectively in treating chickenpox and suppressing the activation of all types of herpes viruses in children and adults.

The active substance acyclovir works especially effectively for colds for the treatment of simple, genital and herpes zoster skin lesions.

Acyclovir was invented in 1988 and was the first antiviral drug to help fight skin rashes caused by the herpes virus. Manufacturers in many countries produce a large number of pharmaceutical forms under different trade names, which contain this active substance. In the Russian Federation, preference is given to the manufacturer that produces drugs called Acyclovir Acri, whose tablets and ointment are inexpensive, contain additional components of natural origin and meet accepted standards. They are more easily tolerated by people with weakened immune systems and do not cause allergic reactions.

Before starting a course of treatment, you need to consult a doctor, clarify the diagnosis and obtain medical recommendations. Drugs containing acyclovir are prescribed to elderly people and patients with severe renal impairment only under medical supervision.

Before starting a course of treatment, you should consult a doctor

How the active substance works

The active substance acyclovir has a complex chemical formula. When taken orally, its bioavailability is low, reaching 20%. When used externally, the concentration of the active substance is not determined. To achieve maximum effect, drugs for the treatment of diseases of viral etiology are used both externally and internally.

The active substance blocks the synthesis of the DNA chain in the pathogen and prevents it from reproducing, but does not interact with human DNA in any way, and therefore the drug is conditionally harmless to the health of patients.

Acyclovir helps relieve the condition in the treatment of herpes. It stops the appearance of new elements of the rash, reduces the likelihood of it spreading to other parts of the body and prevents the virus from infecting internal organs. When treating herpes zoster, it significantly reduces pain.

When used orally or topically, the drug activates the body's defenses.

Acyclovir helps relieve the condition in the treatment of herpes

Acyclovir tablets have positive reviews. People who use this remedy note that the drug works in different ways. In mild cases, the medicine helps to quickly remove viral damage to the skin, and in advanced forms of the disease, long-term treatment is required, which can last up to six months according to the regimen suggested by the attending physician. During the treatment period, you must maintain a drinking regime so that the active substance is removed from the body in a timely manner.

Some people in reviews recommend this medicine as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent. Acyclovir tablets, the instructions for use of which indicate the minimum number of pathogens of viral diseases, cannot be active against all naturally occurring viruses. The active substance should not be used to treat other viral diseases, because it will be ineffective.

When is the drug prescribed?

In addition to acyclovir, Acyclovir Acri tablets contain natural excipients; the instructions for their use recommend the drug for the treatment of children and adults. Excipients do not cause individual intolerance. Among them:

Acyclovir Acri tablets contain natural excipients in addition to acyclovir

Acyclovir Acri tablets, the instructions for which recommend their use as an antiviral agent, are available in two doses: 0.2 g for children and 0.4 g for adults. The manufacturer produces them in blister packs of 10 pcs. in each. There are 2 packages in a cardboard box.

They are prescribed for diagnoses:

  • anogenital herpetic viral infection;
  • infections caused by the herpes simplex virus;
  • shingles;
  • immunodeficiency, unspecified.

The use of Acyclovir tablets is usually recommended for a week, but the drug can be prescribed for a long period. It is used for acute rashes and persistent infections that recur several times a year, which indicates a weakened immune system. The drug Acyclovir Acri in the form of tablets, the instructions for which recommend the use of the medicine for primary infections and chronic exacerbations, is easily tolerated. The medicine for oral administration is prescribed to children and adults in acute forms when a rash is observed:

  • on the genitals;
  • on the respiratory system;
  • on the mucous tissues of the oral cavity;
  • in the anal area;
  • along the spine;
  • on other parts of the body.

Any acute form of herpes rashes is suppressed by the active substance

Any acute form of herpes rashes is suppressed by the active substance. Correctly administered treatment leads to long-term remissions.

The instructions for Acyclovir tablets recommend prescribing them for prophylaxis; they are used to strengthen the immune system during internal organ transplantation, during chemotherapy necessary during the treatment of cancer tumors. A course of treatment in these cases is necessary to suppress the herpes virus, which always worsens when the body's protective functions decrease.

The drug works in the treatment of people with a weakened immune status who have a history of immunodeficiency or HIV infection.

Features of the use of the ophthalmic pharmaceutical form

Preparations for external use are available in two types. 3% ointment is used to treat herpes eye lesions, and 5% ointment is used to apply to the affected skin. These forms look like a delicate, easily absorbed white mass with a yellowish tint. To make an eye ointment, only petroleum jelly is included in the composition as an excipient. This allows the remedy to act on the virus and not cause allergic reactions.

After adding the eye ointment to the conjunctival sac, the active substance quickly penetrates the corneal epithelium and creates the concentration required for treatment in the intraocular fluid. Instructions for use of Acyclovir ophthalmic ointment recommends it for damage to the organ of vision by herpetic keratitis. Treatment is carried out after examination by an ophthalmologist, in accordance with his prescription.

During pregnancy, Acyclovir ophthalmic or external ointment is prescribed at the discretion of the doctor. The product is not toxic, but its effect has not been studied on pregnant and lactating women, so caution should be exercised when using it.

Adults and children need to put the remedy into the conjunctival sac several times a day. The tube of ointment is equipped with a special dispensing tip, which helps to easily separate a 1 cm long strip from the total mass.

Acyclovir eye ointment

The use of the ointment is continued after the signs of damage have disappeared for several more days.

After applying the eye ointment, a temporary burning sensation may be felt at the application site. In some patients, the condition worsens significantly due to intolerance to the active substance. They develop blepharitis, conjunctivitis, and keratopathy. Then the use of the ointment is canceled.

How to use external remedy

Often produced by various pharmaceutical companies, 5% Acyclovir ointment, the instructions for which offer this antiherpetic drug for the treatment of external manifestations of the virus, contains in its composition:

Such a complex composition can cause an allergic reaction. The excipients included in the Acyclovir Acri ointment are more natural and do not cause local allergic reactions. Therefore, people with particularly sensitive skin can buy a product manufactured under this trade name. Here in the composition of the excipients:

The ointment is available in aluminum tubes of 5, 10 or 15 g.

Constantly lubricating the affected area speeds up the healing process of the skin.

An ointment from any manufacturer will be more effective at the first signs of herpes. It blocks the reproduction of the virus and reduces the feeling of itching. When bubbles form, the ointment will also act. It dries the skin and prevents infected fluid from spreading over the skin and infecting nearby areas.

Constantly lubricating the affected area speeds up the healing process of the skin.

Acyclovir ointment can be used independently, without additionally taking tablets, which are prescribed for frequent viral skin lesions. Therapy will be successful in patients who have a temporary decrease in local immunity, which is often observed during the hot summer.

Reviews about Acyclovir ointment are different. For some people, it helps within two days, for others, healing occurs within a week, and for others, it requires taking tablets orally to achieve a therapeutic effect. The effect of the ointment largely depends on the individual characteristics of the body and the functioning of the immune system. The stronger the immune system, the more successfully the active substance works.

When using an external product, redness of the application site, burning and itching may occur. When treating the external genitalia, you need to apply the ointment pointwise so that it does not get on the mucous tissues. If the ointment gets there, you may experience a feeling of pain, swelling of the affected area and inflammation of the mucous membranes.

When the drug is discontinued

Medicines containing acyclovir are discontinued if the patient develops hypersensitivity to the active substance or additional components included in the drug. The drug is prescribed orally under constant medical supervision if the patient has a history of renal failure or dehydration.

Patients may complain of dizziness

Tablets can be prescribed to a pregnant woman or nursing mother in cases where it is necessary to improve the patient's condition.

Acyclovir, like all chemicals, can cause side effects during long-term treatment. They appear very rarely. Patients may complain of:

Elderly and frail patients may develop symptoms of psychosis and delirium.

In children, when taking the active substance internally, changes in the structure of the blood are observed. Patients of all ages may have allergic reactions in the form of skin itching, rash, and urticaria. In case of severe side effects, the drug is discontinued.

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Source: http://antirodinka.ru/raznie-formi-preparata-atsiklovir-tabletki-i-maz-instruktsiya-po-primeneniiu

Acyclovir

Content

Structural formula

Russian name

Latin name of the substance Acyclovir

Chemical name

2-Amino-1,9-dihydro-9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6H-purin-6-one (as sodium salt)

Gross formula

Pharmacological group of the substance Acyclovir

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

CAS code

Characteristics of the substance Acyclovir

Acyclovir is a white crystalline powder, maximum solubility in water (at 37 °C) 2.5 mg/ml, molecular weight 225.21. Acyclovir sodium salt - maximum solubility in water (at 25 °C) exceeds 100 mg/ml, molecular weight 247.19; the prepared solution (50 mg/ml) has a pH of approximately 11.

Pharmacology

It is a synthetic analogue of purine nucleosides. After entering infected cells containing viral thymidine kinase, acyclovir is phosphorylated and converted into acyclovir monophosphate, which, under the influence of cellular guanylate kinase, is converted into diphosphate, and then, under the action of several cellular enzymes, into triphosphate. Acyclovir triphosphate interacts with viral DNA polymerase, is included in the viral DNA chain, causes chain termination and blocks further replication of viral DNA without damaging host cells.

Acyclovir inhibits in vitro and in vivo the replication of human herpesviruses, including the following (listed in order of reduction in the antiviral activity of acyclovir in cell culture): Herpes simplex types 1 and 2, Varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus and CMV.

With long-term treatment or repeated use of acyclovir in patients with severe immunodeficiency, resistance of the Herpes simplex and Varicella zoster to acyclovir develops. Most clinical isolates obtained from acyclovir-resistant patients show a relative deficiency of viral thymidine kinase or a disorder in the structure of viral thymidine kinase or DNA polymerase.

In case of herpes, it prevents the formation of new rash elements, reduces the likelihood of skin dissemination and visceral complications, accelerates the formation of crusts, and reduces pain in the acute phase of herpes zoster. Has an immunostimulating effect.

When taken orally, it is partially absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, bioavailability is 20% (15–30%), does not depend on the dosage form, decreases with increasing dose; food does not have a significant effect on the absorption of acyclovir. After oral administration of 200 mg of acyclovir every 4 hours in adults, the average equilibrium values ​​of Cmax are 0.7 µg/ml and Cmin are 0.4 µg/ml; Tmax - 1.5–2 hours.

After intravenous drip administration to adults, the average Cmax values ​​1 hour after infusion at a dose of 2.5; 5 and 10 mg/kg were 5.1; 9.8 and 20.7 μg/ml, respectively. C min 7 hours after infusion were respectively equal to 0.5; 0.7 and 2.3 μg/ml. In children over 1 year of age, the values ​​of Cmax and Cmin when administered at doses of 250 and 500 mg/m2 were similar to those in adults at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. In newborns and infants under 3 months of age, to whom acyclovir was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg intravenously over 1 hour every 8 hours, Cmax was 13.8 µg/ml), Cmin was 2.3 µg/ml .

Protein binding is low (9–33%). Passes through the BBB, the placental barrier, and is found in breast milk (at a dose of 1 g/day orally with mother's milk, 0.3 mg/kg enters the child's body). Penetrates well into organs, tissues and body fluids, including the brain, kidneys, liver, lungs, aqueous humor, tear fluid, intestines, muscles, spleen, uterus, mucous membrane and vaginal secretions, sperm, cerebrospinal fluid, contents of herpetic vesicles . The highest concentrations are found in the kidneys, liver and intestines. The concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid is 50% of that in the blood plasma. Metabolized in the liver, under the action of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase and, to a lesser extent, aldehyde oxidase into inactive metabolites. The metabolism of acyclovir is not associated with cytochrome P450 enzymes.

The main route of elimination is through the kidneys by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. When taken orally, approximately 14% is excreted unchanged, and when administered intravenously - 45–79%. The main metabolite found in urine is 9-carboxymethoxymethylguanine. The main metabolite accounts for up to 14% (with normal renal function). Less than 2% is excreted in feces, trace amounts are determined in exhaled air.

T1 /2 when administered orally in adults - 2.5–3.3 hours. T1 /2 when administered intravenously: in adults - 2.9 hours, in children and adolescents from 1 year to 18 years - 2. 6 hours, in children under 3 months of age - 3.8 hours (with 10 mg/kg administered intravenously over 1 hour 3 times a day). In patients with chronic renal failure T1 /2 - 19.5 hours, during hemodialysis - 5.7 hours, with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis - 14-18 hours. With a single session of hemodialysis for 6 hours, the concentration of acyclovir in plasma decreases by 60%, with peritoneal dialysis the clearance of acyclovir does not change significantly.

When applied to affected skin (for example, herpes zoster), absorption is moderate; in patients with normal renal function, serum concentrations are up to 0.28 mcg/ml, in patients with impaired renal function - up to 0.78 mcg/ml. Excreted by the kidneys (approximately 9% of the daily dose).

The eye ointment easily penetrates the corneal epithelium and creates a therapeutic concentration in the ocular fluid.

Carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, effect on fertility, teratogenicity

In rats and mice treated throughout life with acyclovir in doses up to 450 mg/kg/day via gastric tube (C max ​​were 3–6 times higher than those observed in humans in mice and 1–2 times in rats), no carcinogenic effect was detected.

Acyclovir exhibited a mutagenic effect in some tests: out of 16 in vivo and in vitro tests for the gene toxicity of acyclovir, the results of 5 tests were positive.

Acyclovir had no effect on fertility and reproduction in mice when administered orally at doses of 450 mg/kg/day and in rats when administered subcutaneously at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day, while plasma levels were 9–18 times higher ( in mice) or 8–15 times higher (in rats) than in humans. At the highest dose (50 mg/kg/day s.c.) in rats and rabbits (plasma levels were 11–22 or 16–31 those in humans), a decrease in the effectiveness of implantation was found.

Teratogenicity. Acyclovir did not have a teratogenic effect when administered during the period of organogenesis to mice (450 mg/kg/day, orally), rabbits (50 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously and intravenously), as well as in a standard test in rats (50 mg /kg/ day, s.c.).

Carcinogenicity studies of acyclovir when used externally have not been conducted.

In humans, no disturbances in spermatogenesis, sperm motility or morphology have been reported. However, high doses of acyclovir—80 or 320 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally in rats, as well as 100 or 200 mg/kg/day IV in dogs—caused testicular atrophy and aspermatogenesis. Testicular disorders were not observed when acyclovir was administered intravenously to dogs at doses of 50 mg/kg/day for 1 month or 60 mg/kg/day orally for 1 year.

Use of the substance Acyclovir

For systemic use: primary and recurrent infections of the skin and mucous membranes caused by the herpes simplex virus (types 1 and 2), including genital herpes, herpetic lesions in patients with immunodeficiency (treatment and prevention); herpes zoster, chicken pox.

For external use: herpes simplex of the skin and mucous membranes, genital herpes (primary and recurrent); localized herpes zoster (auxiliary treatment).

For local use in ophthalmology: herpetic keratitis.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to acyclovir or valacyclovir.

Restrictions on use

With intravenous administration: dehydration, renal failure (risk of nephrotoxicity), neurological disorders or neurological reactions to taking cytotoxic drugs, incl. in the anamnesis.

When taken orally: dehydration, renal failure.

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Pregnancy. It is possible if the expected effect of therapy exceeds the potential risk to the fetus (there are no adequate and strictly controlled studies of the safety of use in pregnant women). Acyclovir passes through the placenta. Data on pregnancy outcomes in women taking systemic acyclovir in the first trimester of pregnancy did not show an increase in the number of birth defects in children compared to the general population. Since the observation included a small number of women, reliable and definite conclusions about the safety of acyclovir during pregnancy cannot be made.

Lactation. Acyclovir passes into breast milk. After oral administration of acyclovir, it was determined in breast milk in concentrations, the ratio of which to plasma concentrations was 0.6–1.4. At such concentrations in breast milk, breastfed children can receive acyclovir at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg/day. Given this, acyclovir should be prescribed to nursing women with caution, only if necessary.

Side effects of the substance Acyclovir

For systemic use:

From the gastrointestinal tract: with intravenous administration - anorexia, nausea and/or vomiting; when taken orally - nausea and/or vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain.

From the nervous system: with intravenous administration - dizziness, signs of encephalopathy (confusion, hallucinations, convulsions, tremor, coma), delirium, depression or psychosis (neurological disorders are usually observed in patients with predisposing conditions); when taken orally - malaise, headache, dizziness, agitation, drowsiness.

From the cardiovascular system and blood: with intravenous administration - anemia, neutropenia/neutrophilia, thrombocytopenia/thrombocytosis, leukocytosis, hematuria, disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, hemolysis, decreased blood pressure.

From the genitourinary system: with intravenous administration - a transient increase in the level of urea nitrogen in the blood and the level of creatinine in the blood serum (associated with the Cmax value in plasma and the state of the patient’s water balance), acute renal failure (more often with rapid intravenous injection ).

Other: anaphylactic reactions, allergic skin reactions (itching, rash, Lyell's syndrome, urticaria, erythema multiforme, etc.), blurred vision, fever, leukopenia, lymphadenopathy, peripheral edema, transient increase in the activity of liver transaminases and bilirubin levels; with i.v. administration - reactions at the i.v. injection site: phlebitis or local inflammation (pain, swelling or redness), necrosis (if the drug gets under the skin); when taken orally - myalgia, paresthesia, alopecia.

For external use: pain, burning, itching, skin rash, vulvitis.

When using ophthalmic ointment: burning at the site of application, blepharitis, conjunctivitis, punctate superficial keratopathy.

Interaction

Other nephrotoxic drugs increase the risk of nephrotoxicity. When used simultaneously with probenecid (blocks tubular secretion), T1 /2 and AUC of acyclovir increase, renal clearance decreases and excretion slows down, possibly increasing the toxic effect.

Overdose

Symptoms: headache, neurological disorders, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, renal failure, lethargy, convulsions, coma.

Treatment: symptomatic therapy, maintenance of vital functions, adequate hydration, hemodialysis (especially in acute renal failure and anuria).

There is no evidence of overdose with topical use.

Routes of administration

Precautions for the substance Acyclovir

When treating with acyclovir, it is recommended to take large amounts of fluid (to prevent the formation of acyclovir sediment in the renal tubules).

Caution should be exercised when administered intravenously to patients with neurological disorders, impaired liver function, electrolyte imbalance, severe hypoxia, as well as impaired renal function (and when administered orally). To reduce the risk of kidney damage when administered intravenously, the drug should be administered slowly over 1 hour. If symptoms of nephropathy appear, the drug should be discontinued.

The toxic effect of acyclovir on the central nervous system is more likely in patients with impaired immunity, in elderly patients, and when using high doses.

During therapy with acyclovir in clinical practice, thrombocytopenic purpura and/or hemolytic uremic syndrome, in rare cases with a fatal outcome, have been recorded in patients with clinically significant forms of HIV infection.

It is not recommended for use in children for the treatment of chickenpox if the disease is mild.

When treating genital herpes, you should avoid sexual intercourse or use condoms, because the use of acyclovir does not prevent transmission of the virus to a partner.

Cream and ointment for external use (5%) are not recommended for application to the mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes, because the development of severe local inflammation is possible.

When treating with eye ointment, you should not wear contact lenses.

Interactions with other active ingredients

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Acyclovir - release forms of the antiviral drug and features of the treatment of herpes

Acyclovir is an antiviral drug that is often used to eliminate pathologies such as chickenpox and herpes zoster. The effectiveness of this drug has been confirmed in numerous medical studies.

Today it is considered one of the safe drugs that is used in the fight against various viruses. The release forms of Acyclovir can be varied, and the choice of each of them is determined by the severity of a particular disease.

Characteristics of the drug

Acyclovir is an antiviral drug

Acyclovir is prescribed by specialists as an antiviral drug, in which the main active ingredient is Acyclovir. This drug has an immunostimulating effect on the body and is widely used to treat the following pathologies:

  • herpes
  • mononucleosis
  • chicken pox
  • herpetic keratitis
  • shingles
  • cytomegaly

Acyclovir is available in various forms, which allows it to be used to eliminate various pathologies both locally and systemically. This medicine is effective for various diseases and does not cause side effects, which allows you to safely use it for treatment at home.

Many antiviral drugs have a carcinogenic effect during systemic therapy, that is, they cause the development of various malignant neoplasms in the human body.

Acyclovir is one of the medications and no side effects are observed with its use.

During pregnancy, treatment with such a drug is prescribed only if the benefit from its use significantly outweighs the possible harm to the fetus. Studies have shown that the use of Acyclovir in pregnant women does not cause the development of abnormalities in the unborn child.

Forms of release of the product

Ointment for external use - convenient use of the drug

Today in the pharmacy chain you can find several forms of Acyclovir in the form of:

  • tablets
  • eye ointments
  • creams and ointments for external use
  • lyophilisate for preparing a solution for intravenous administration

Acyclovir can be used to treat pathologies at different ages, since childhood is not a contraindication for its use. Before choosing a specific form of a drug, it is necessary to assess the severity of the patient's condition. If outpatient therapy is carried out, then tablets, ointment or cream for external use can be used for treatment.

When treating a patient in a hospital setting, specialists use lyophilisate to prepare solutions for intravenous administration, and this form of Acyclovir should be used under the strict supervision of a specialist.

It is important to remember that Acyclovir is a drug, so it should be taken only as prescribed by a doctor.

The duration of treatment of pathology with tablets is approximately 5-10 days, and the dosage of the drug is prescribed only by a specialist. In the event that external and local use of Acyclovir is carried out, the procedure can be performed several times a day.

Effect of the drug on the body

Acyclovir - properties of the drug

After the drug enters the gastrointestinal tract, only a small part of it is absorbed into the blood. If you increase the dosage of the drug, there will be no increase in the concentration of the drug in the human body. This is due to the fact that such a medicine has the ability to penetrate the mucous membrane of the initial parts of the digestive system only at a certain speed.

As the dosage increases, a decrease in drug absorption is observed due to an increased load on the transport system of the cells of the duodenal and gastric mucosa. When it enters the body, only part of the drug binds to plasma proteins. Taking the drug at a certain time leads to the fact that its constant concentration is maintained in the human body, which ensures its penetration into all tissues and systems.

It should be remembered that Acyclovir affects only pathological cells and does not damage the condition of healthy ones.

Penetrating into healthy tissues and cells, it does not cause any changes in metabolic processes, is excreted unchanged and is neutralized in an organ such as the liver.

Indications for use

Acyclovir - purpose of the drug

Acyclovir is considered one of the effective drugs that is used to eliminate the herpes virus types 1 and 2.

In addition, this remedy is widely used to eliminate:

  • herpes zoster
  • varicella zoster virus
  • cytomegalovirus

The use of Acyclovir for herpes helps prevent the formation of new foci of the rash and their spread over the skin, and also prevents the development of various types of complications in internal organs.

Thanks to the use of such a drug, it is possible to accelerate the process of formation of crusts on the affected areas of the skin, as well as reduce the severity of pain in acute herpes zoster.

Taking the drug during pregnancy

Herpes during pregnancy - treatment with Acyclovir

If there is a need to use Acyclovir during pregnancy, this should be done only after consultation with your doctor. In fact, the effect of the drug on the health of the expectant mother and the developing fetus has not yet been fully studied.

Pregnancy is an important period in a woman’s life and is accompanied by changes in the hormonal levels of the female body. The result of this phenomenon can be a decrease in the body's protective functions, which causes the appearance of herpes in various parts of the body.

The progression of herpes during pregnancy can cause the following types of complications:

  • spontaneous abortion in the early stages
  • preterm labor
  • development of various anomalies and pathologies in the fetus

Useful video - Acyclovir: release forms and features of herpes treatment.

Herpes is a dangerous disease, so when planning a pregnancy it is important to conduct research for this disease. If the test results reveal the presence of the virus in the mother’s body, this can pose a serious threat to the developing baby. For preventive purposes, experts prescribe Acyclovir to expectant mothers, and most often this happens during the week of pregnancy.

Despite its effectiveness, this drug is not prescribed for the treatment of herpes during breastfeeding.

This is due to the fact that it has the ability to accumulate in breast milk, which can have a negative impact on the baby's health. If during lactation there is a need to use Acyclovir, then breastfeeding is interrupted for the required period.

Side effects

Incorrect treatment leads to side effects

Typically, the appearance of side effects when taking Acyclovir is observed when it is used systemically. In the event that treatment is carried out using ointment or cream for external use, side effects may result in the appearance of inflammatory and allergic reactions.

Systemic administration of Acyclovir may cause the following side effects:

  • the appearance of pain in the abdomen
  • attacks of nausea and vomiting
  • stool disorder in the form of diarrhea
  • constant headache
  • frequent dizziness
  • constant delusions and hallucinations

In addition, some disorders of the cardiovascular system may occur:

  • there is a rapid heartbeat
  • there is pain and discomfort in the chest area
  • functional heart murmurs appear

If such a drug is used to treat pathologies in patients with an increased allergic background, this often becomes the cause of the development of anaphylactic shock.

The main contraindication to the use of Acyclovir is the patient’s individual intolerance to certain components of the drug. In addition, treatment with such a drug during pregnancy and breastfeeding must be done under the supervision of the attending physician.

Acyclovir in the treatment of herpes

Experts say that Acyclovir is considered one of the effective medications that helps get rid of the herpes virus. Such a remedy is able to quickly penetrate pathological cells of the body and displace the virus into the environment, which can significantly speed up the healing process of resulting wounds and ulcers.

Acyclovir is used in the treatment of herpes simplex types 1 and 2 in the form of tablets or ointments. The choice of a specific form of the drug is determined by the severity of the pathology and the type of virus. If a patient is diagnosed with herpes for the first time, treatment is carried out with Acmiclovir ointment.

To quickly eliminate the disease, it is recommended to apply the ointment to the affected areas of the skin several times a day every four hours.

Tablets are prescribed to the patient individually, and the usual dosage is 200 ml five times a day. If the patient's immune system is impaired, this requires doubling the dose.

In the pharmacy chain you can find the following analogues of the drug:

Medical practice shows that many specialists prescribe Acyclovir to their patients for the treatment of various viral pathologies. It is important to remember that to speed up the healing process, it is important to carry out treatment in accordance with the attached instructions.

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Comments (3)

Ksenia

05/21/2016 at 23:20 | #

I always buy Acyclovir ointment for herpes on the lips. The price is quite affordable, and the effect is no worse than from more expensive analogues. Usually my herpes goes away in 3-4 days without a trace.

09/30/2017 at 23:20 | #

Acyclovir is inexpensive, but quite effective against herpes. At home I almost always have this small tube of ointment. Because it’s better to start treatment right away, and not when your lips are completely covered.

10/02/2017 at 12:44 pm | #

I had to not only use Acyclovir ointment, but also take pills to treat herpes, since the disease had started. Therefore, now I carefully monitor myself and apply the ointment at the first sign.

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The medical information published on this page is strictly not recommended for self-medication. If you feel negative changes in your health, immediately contact an ENT specialist. All articles published on our resource are for informational purposes only. If you use this material or a fragment of it on your website, an active link to the source is required.

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Acyclovir

Release forms and packaging of the drug Acyclovir

20, 30 pcs. packaged.

Composition and active substance

Acyclovir contains:

1 tablet contains acyclovir 200 or 400 mg.

pharmachologic effect

Acyclovir is an antiviral (antiherpetic) agent for external use - a synthetic analogue of thymidine nucleoside, which is a natural component of DNA.

In infected cells containing viral thymidine kinase, phosphorylation occurs and is converted to acyclovir monophosphate. Under the influence of acyclovir guanylate cyclase, monophosphate is converted into diphosphate and, under the action of several cellular enzymes, into triphosphate. High selectivity of action and low toxicity to humans are due to the absence of the necessary enzyme for the formation of acyclovir triphosphate in intact cells of the macroorganism.

Acyclovir triphosphate inhibits viral DNA synthesis (replication) by three mechanisms: 1) competitively replaces deoxyguanosine triphosphate in DNA synthesis 2) “incorporates” into the synthesized DNA chain and stops its elongation 3) inhibits the viral DNA polymerase enzyme. As a result, the reproduction of the virus in the human body is disrupted.

The specificity and very high selectivity of action are also due to its predominant accumulation in cells affected by the herpes virus.

Highly active against Herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2, the virus that causes chickenpox and herpes zoster (Varicella zoster) Epstein-Barr virus (types of viruses are listed in increasing order of the minimum inhibitory concentration of acyclovir).

Moderately active against cytomegalovirus.

In case of herpes, it prevents the formation of new rash elements, reduces the likelihood of skin dissemination and visceral complications, accelerates the formation of crusts, and reduces pain in the acute phase of herpes zoster. Has an immunostimulating effect.

An antiviral (antiherpetic) drug is a synthetic analogue of thymidine nucleoside.

In virus-infected cells containing viral thymidine kinase, phosphorylation and conversion of acyclovir to acyclovir monophosphate occurs. Under the influence of acyclovir guanylate cyclase, monophosphate is converted into diphosphate and, under the action of several cellular enzymes, into triphosphate. High selectivity of action and low toxicity to humans are due to the absence of the necessary enzyme for the formation of acyclovir triphosphate in intact cells of the macroorganism.

Acyclovir triphosphate, integrating into the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesized by the virus, blocks the reproduction of the virus. The specificity and very high selectivity of the action of acyclovir are also due to its predominant accumulation in cells affected by the herpes virus.

Highly active against the Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 of the virus that causes chickenpox and herpes zoster (Varicella zoster) Epstein-Barr virus (types of viruses are listed in ascending order of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of acyclovir).

Moderately active against cytomegalovirus (CMV).

In case of herpes, it prevents the formation of new rash elements, reduces the likelihood of skin dissemination and visceral complications, accelerates the formation of crusts, and reduces pain in the acute phase of herpes zoster.

Acyclovir easily penetrates the corneal epithelium and creates a therapeutic concentration in the intraocular fluid. Currently, there are no methods for determining acyclovir in the blood when used as an eye ointment. When used externally, acyclovir is detected only in urine, and in small quantities. This concentration has no therapeutic value.

What does Acyclovir help with: indications

Treatment and prevention of infections caused by Herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 and Varicella zoster:

  • herpes simplex of the skin and mucous membranes (primary and recurrent)
  • genital herpes (primary and recurrent)
  • herpes zoster (herpes zoster)
  • chicken pox (in the first 24 hours after the typical rash appears)
  • in patients with severe immunodeficiency (including after transplantation, when taking immunosuppressive drugs, in HIV-infected patients, during chemotherapy).
  • herpetic keratitis caused by the Herpes simplex virus types 1 or 2.

Contraindications

  • hypersensitivity to acyclovir, ganciclovir or components of the drug
  • lactation period (breastfeeding).
  • children under 3 years of age.

The drug should be prescribed with caution in case of dehydration, renal failure, neurological disorders, incl. in the anamnesis.

  • breastfeeding period
  • hypersensitivity to acyclovir or valacyclovir.

Acyclovir during pregnancy and breastfeeding

The use of the drug during pregnancy is possible only if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.

Acyclovir crosses the placental barrier and accumulates in breast milk. If it is necessary to take acyclovir during lactation, interruption of breastfeeding is required.

Acyclovir: instructions for use

Treatment should be started as soon as possible, immediately after the first symptoms of the disease appear.

The dosage regimen is set individually, depending on the severity of the disease.

In the treatment of infections of the skin and mucous membranes caused by Herpes simplex types I and II, adults and children over 3 years of age, Acyclovir Belupo is prescribed at a dose of 200 mg 5 times a day. for 5 days at 4-hour intervals during the day and at 8-hour intervals at night. In more severe cases of the disease, the course of treatment can be extended as prescribed by a doctor.

As part of complex therapy for severe immunodeficiency, including with a full-blown clinical picture of HIV infection (including early clinical manifestations of HIV infection and the stage of AIDS), after bone marrow implantation, 400 mg is prescribed 5 times a day.

To prevent relapses of infections caused by Herpes simplex viruses type I and II, patients with normal immune status and in case of relapse of the disease are prescribed 200 mg 4 times a day. every 6 hours

For the prevention of infections caused by Herpes simplex viruses type I and II, in adults and children over 3 years of age with immunodeficiency, Acyclovir Belupo is recommended to be prescribed at a dose of 200 mg 4 times a day. every 6 hours, maximum dose - up to 400 mg of acyclovir 5 times a day. depending on the severity of the infection.

When treating infections caused by Varicella zoster, adults are prescribed 800 mg 5 times a day. every 4 hours during the day and at 8-hour intervals at night. The duration of treatment is 7-10 days. Children over 3 years of age are prescribed 20 mg/kg 4 times a day. for 5 days, children weighing more than 40 kg are prescribed the drug in the same dosage as adults.

When treating infections caused by Herpes zoster, adults are prescribed 800 mg 4 times a day every 6 hours for 5 days.

In patients with impaired renal function:

When treating and preventing infections caused by Herpes simplex in patients with CC less than 10 ml/min, the dose of the drug should be reduced to 200 mg 2 times/day. at 12 hour intervals.

When treating infections caused by Varicella zoster in patients with CC less than 10 ml/min, it is recommended to reduce the dose of the drug to 800 mg 2 times/day. at 12-hour intervals with CC up to 25 ml/min, 800 mg is prescribed 3 times a day. at 8 hour intervals.

Acyclovir Belupo is taken during or immediately after meals and washed down with a sufficient amount of water.

Side effects

From the digestive system: in isolated cases - abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; rarely - transient increase in the activity of liver enzymes, hyperbilirubinemia.

From the hematopoietic system: rarely - leukopenia, erythropenia.

From the side of the central nervous system: rarely - headache, weakness in some cases - tremor, dizziness, increased fatigue, drowsiness, hallucinations.

Allergic reactions: skin rash rarely - allergic dermatitis (when using ointment).

Other: rarely - alopecia, fever, increased levels of urea and creatinine.

Side effects are given in accordance with the frequency of occurrence during clinical trials: very often (>10%) often (>1% and 0.1% and 0.01% and

Allergic reactions: very rarely - immediate hypersensitivity reactions (including angioedema).

From the organ of vision: infrequently - punctate superficial keratopathy (does not require cessation of treatment and disappears without consequences) often - mild burning sensation (passing over time) infrequently - conjunctivitis rarely - blepharitis.

special instructions

Acyclovir should be prescribed with caution to patients with impaired renal function and elderly patients due to an increase in the half-life of acyclovir.

When using the drug, it is necessary to ensure the supply of a sufficient amount of fluid.

The ointment is not recommended to be applied to the mucous membranes of the mouth, eyes, and genitals, because the development of severe local inflammation is possible.

The earlier it is started, the higher the effectiveness of treatment when using the ointment.

In patients with immunodeficiency, with multiple repeated courses of treatment, viral resistance to acyclovir sometimes develops.

When taking the drug, kidney function should be monitored (blood urea and plasma creatinine levels).

The earlier it is started (at the first signs of infection), the higher the effectiveness of treatment.

Wearing contact lenses is not recommended during treatment with acyclovir ophthalmic ointment.

To realize the therapeutic effect of acyclovir, the state of the body's immune system is important. Patients with reduced immunity against the background of topical use of acyclovir ointment should be prescribed systemic administration of the drug, as well as in the case of severe and recurrent herpetic infection.

Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and operate machinery

After using the drug, a temporary decrease in the clarity of visual perception is possible, and until it is restored, it is not recommended to drive a car or engage in activities that require increased attention and reaction.

Use in childhood

For children, eye ointment in the form of a strip 1 cm long is placed in the lower conjunctival sac 5 times a day (every 4 hours) until healing.

Treatment is continued for another 3 days after healing.

Compatibility with other drugs

When used simultaneously with probenecid, the average half-life of acyclovir increases and the clearance of acyclovir decreases.

When taken simultaneously with nephrotoxic drugs, the risk of developing renal dysfunction increases.

Use together with immunostimulants enhances the effect of acyclovir.

Overdose

Overdose is possible if accidentally swallowed.

Symptoms: headache, neurological disorders, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, renal dysfunction, lethargy, convulsions, coma.

Treatment: maintenance of vital functions, hemodialysis.

Storage conditions and shelf life

The drug in tablet form should be stored in a dry place, protected from light, out of reach of children, at a temperature not exceeding 25°C.

The drug should be stored out of the reach of children at a temperature of 15°C to 25°C.

After opening the tube, the eye ointment should be used within 1 month.

Analogues and prices

Among foreign and Russian analogues of Acyclovir there are:

Acyclovir tablets. Manufacturer: Sandoz 145 rub.

Zovirax. Manufacturer: GlaxoSmithKline (UK). Price in pharmacies from 187 rubles.

Virolex. Manufacturer: KRKA (Slovenia). Price in pharmacies from 220 rubles.

Acyclovir ointment 5%. Manufacturer: Belmedpreparaty 17 rub.

Zovirax tablets. Manufacturer: GlaxoSmithKline (UK). Price in pharmacies from 534 rubles.

Reviews

We automatically found these reviews about the drug Acyclovir on the Internet:

Really helps with herpes.

You can leave your review below! Does Acyclovir help cope with the disease?

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