How are adenoids treated in children?

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How to treat adenoids in a child: advice from a pediatrician

One of the most common diseases of the ENT organs that occur in children is adenoids. How to treat the pathology of the nasopharyngeal tonsils at home, if you simply cannot notice them with the naked eye?

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Indeed, without consultations and regular monitoring by a specialist, the disease cannot be overcome.

On average, the age of patients susceptible to this disease ranges from 1-15 years. At the same time, children of kindergarten age are most often brought to the doctor with inflamed tonsils, and over the past ten years there has been a tendency to diagnose the disease in children under three years of age.

Adenoids: disease or normal?

Before you understand how to treat adenoids in a child, you should pay attention to the various causes of this condition, which, in fact, cannot be called a disease. Many people do not know, but adenoids and tonsils are the same organs that perform immune functions. Being “guards” standing at the entrance to the respiratory tract, they prevent pathogenic microorganisms or harmful substances from entering the lungs. The enlargement of the tonsils is a local response of the body, defending itself from the attacks of pathogenic viruses, bacteria, exhaust gases, chemical compounds in the air, etc. This is not a pathology; on the contrary, the development of adenoids is an indicator of the normal functioning of the immune system. In addition, in childhood (up to approximately 7 years), the activity of the tonsils is increased, which also should not cause serious worries.

Causes and symptoms of adenoiditis

However, not all parents have to deal with this phenomenon and learn how to treat adenoids in children. Children who suffer from frequently enlarged tonsils, in most cases, have a genetic predisposition to the disease or constitutional features of the nasopharynx. And since the disease proceeds with minimal severity, or even its absence, contacting a doctor is postponed indefinitely. Enlarged tonsils do not cause an increase in body temperature, cough and runny nose may also be absent. As the adenoids develop, the child will feel discomfort when swallowing. But the problem of diagnosing the pathology is that children of early preschool age, who are included in the largest risk group for the disease, are not able to recognize the symptoms in themselves and report them to their parents. It is necessary to show your child to a doctor who will tell you whether there is a problem and how to treat adenoids correctly if the following signs occur:

  • the baby has difficulty breathing through his nose;
  • most often his mouth is open, especially during sleep;
  • absence of a runny nose or, conversely, long-term, non-treatable rhinitis.

It is quite logical to ask why then treat adenoids, if their enlargement is a normal protective reaction of the body. The tonsils produce lymphocytes that are so necessary for destroying microbes. But the need to treat adenoids is usually caused by their intensive growth, which can cause serious discomfort to the child. In advanced cases, when enlarged tissues close the lumen of the nasopharynx, children may develop hearing, breathing, and swallowing problems. In the absence of adequate therapeutic measures, adenoid vegetation threatens the child with bite deformation, changes in facial shape, development of speech defects, and even changes in the chemical composition of the blood.

Adenoid removal surgery: indications and contraindications

How to treat adenoids in a child 3, 7 or 15 years old? In all cases, there are only two options: surgically for the third degree of the disease or non-surgical. Adenoids in the early stages are treated with medication.

Removing adenoids causes fear not only among children, but also among parents. In any case, the decision to intervene with a surgeon must be made by the attending physician. Most often, adenotomy is resorted to when the life activity of a child with overgrown formations is problematic. In the chronic form of the disease (adenoiditis), on the contrary, it is recommended to treat the adenoids without surgery. As a rule, indications for removal of enlarged tonsils are frequent acute respiratory viral infections, otitis media, and relapses of the inflammatory process in the nasopharynx (at least once every three months). Surgery may be the only option if conservative treatment is ineffective, there are serious problems with nasal breathing, even if it stops during sleep.

In addition, before surgically treating adenoids in a child, it is important to ensure that there are no contraindications. Adenotomy is not performed in the following cases:

  • presence of blood and cardiovascular diseases in childhood history;
  • cold or respiratory illness;
  • spread of the influenza epidemic.

In addition, removal of inflamed tonsils cannot prevent the regrowth of adenoid tissue. To trigger a relapse, the slightest insignificant part of the adenoid left by the surgeon is enough. After removal of tissue in the nasopharynx, the likelihood of bleeding increases, so for several days after the intervention it is important to limit the physical activity of the small patient and minimize his exposure to the sun or in a stuffy room.

Before treating adenoids in a child at home, you should consult a doctor. The specialist must systematically examine the patient in order to monitor compliance with medical prescriptions. There are many ways to combat adenoiditis in children without surgery. Below are the most popular and effective ones.

What is the best way to rinse your nose?

Regardless of the severity of the disease, it is important to regularly rinse and moisturize the nasal passages. Performing this procedure makes breathing easier, but it can be done no more than 4-5 times during the day. To rinse a child’s nose, use saline solutions, which are sold in pharmacies or prepared independently at home. The preparation scheme is simple: 1 teaspoon of sea or table salt per 1 glass of warm boiled water. However, for treating a child, pharmaceutical nasal medications are more preferable. Their advantages:

  • one hundred percent sterility;
  • correct concentration (to treat nasal adenoids in a child, as a rule, 0.67 percent saline solutions are used - it is impossible to maintain such a proportion at home).

Among the drugs that are successfully used in the treatment of adenoids in children, it is worth noting:

Advice about rinsing the nasal passages with a douche or syringe is completely incorrect. It is impossible to listen to them if parents do not want to increase the risk of developing otitis media. That is why it is not recommended to rinse the nose of children under 7 years old with such devices. For infants and children under three years of age, it is advisable to moisturize the mucous membrane with a saline solution by drip. After three to four years, priority should be given to drugs in spray form. Only when the child learns to independently blow mucus from the nose can the Aquamaris or Dolphin systems be used for more effective rinsing.

Vasoconstrictors and antibiotics

For enlarged tonsils of the second degree, the use of vasoconstrictor drugs is added to moisturizing the mucous membrane and rinsing the nose, which will restore full breathing and eliminate swelling. Among the many drugs of this pharmacological group, children are especially often prescribed:

It is worth noting: vasoconstrictor nasal drops and sprays cannot be used for longer than 5-7 days. This rule applies not only to the treatment of adenoids, but also to any other diseases of the upper respiratory tract in children and adults. Such medications are addictive, which can cause the development of chronic rhinitis.

In addition to vasoconstrictor drops, other nasal medications are also used for second-degree adenoids (for example, Albucid, which has an effective bacteriostatic effect on the nasopharyngeal mucosa). In case of complications or after surgery to remove tonsils, patients are prescribed antibiotics from the amoxicillin group:

Drugs for the treatment of adenoids

On an individual basis, doctors can prescribe additional medications and give parents individual recommendations on how to treat adenoids in children. Komarovsky E. O., a well-known pediatrician, does not recommend starting therapy for adenoids with hormonal drugs from the first days. Such drugs have a number of contraindications, and therefore they are prescribed with caution to patients at any age. Most of them contain dexamethasone, which helps to quickly relieve symptoms even with a prolonged course of the disease. However, steroid medications are addictive and cause side effects. Children are often prescribed Sofradex - it is dripped into the nose for 7 days, after which it is recommended to switch to a course of inhalations.

Having enough experience and knowledge on how to treat adenoids in children without surgery, ENT specialists sometimes prescribe the silver drug “Protargol” to the child. This remedy has been popular among doctors for decades. The principle of action of Protargol nasal drops is to dry the surface of enlarged tonsils and gradually reduce their size. This drug is recommended for use in case of bacterial infection. Unlike hormonal drops, the duration of treatment with Protargol does not have strict restrictions.

Another remedy that is used to treat adenoids in a child is Lymphomyosot. It is also available in the form of drops, however, unlike the drugs described above, it is used sublingually (i.e. under the tongue) for a certain time before meals. It is not recommended to mix this drug with large amounts of liquid. The dosage depends on the age of the child and the weight of the child.

Using hydrogen peroxide for sore tonsils

There are other ways to treat adenoids in patients of a younger age group. At home, you can use the simplest, but no less effective remedy - hydrogen peroxide. It has antiseptic, bactericidal and disinfectant effects. To prepare the medicine, you will also need other components (baking soda and calendula tincture). Everything is thoroughly mixed, and the resulting mixture is dripped into the child’s nose. The procedure is carried out three times a day for 1-2 weeks. By the way, you can replace hydrogen peroxide with “Chlorhexidine” or “Miramistin”.

Additional measures for treating the disease

In combination with conservative treatment of adenoids, physiotherapy will give an excellent result. To make the child’s breathing easier, a course of procedures is prescribed:

It is believed that the Crimea and the Caucasus have ideal climatic conditions for adenoiditis in children. An annual stay in these resort regions with the purest mountain air will only benefit the baby. At the same time, we must not forget about dietary restrictions. The diet of children should consist of fresh vegetables, fruits, and dairy products. Minimize, and if possible eliminate, preferably baked goods and confectionery products.

Aromatherapy is another way in which adenoids are treated for children. Reviews about it are contradictory. Negative effects from the procedure most often occur due to parents’ ignorance of their child’s inclination to a particular product. If the baby does not have a pathological reaction to the oils presented below, you can safely instill any of them into the nasal passages. You can verify the safety of treatment using a simple allergy test (test on the back of your hand). If there is no reaction, then the following essential oils are suitable for therapy:

You can drip your nose with one of the oils or a mixture of them. In the latter case, it is important to make sure that there is no allergy to any of the components.

Let's learn to breathe through our nose!

To treat adenoids in children, they resort to massage of the collar area, which improves blood flow to the vessels and tissues of the nasopharynx. In addition, the child’s ability to breathe correctly plays an equally important role. To teach a child to breathe correctly, before a night or daytime sleep, his lower jaw is tied with an elastic bandage, which will prevent him from opening his mouth and forcing him to take in air through his nose. This should be done until the child begins to sleep with his mouth closed without a retainer.

Knowing how to treat adenoids at home with the help of medications, many forget about breathing exercises. Of course, not all kids will be able to do the exercises. But there is nothing complicated in such training. It is enough just to interest the child, give the therapeutic event a playful form, and everything will certainly work out. Before you begin, the main thing is to clear the child’s nose of mucus. The simplest exercises:

  1. We close one nostril, and at this time it is necessary to take 10 deep breaths and exhalations with the free one. Then repeat the procedure, changing half of the nose. It is advisable to practice with your baby in the fresh air.
  2. We also close one nostril, for example, the right one. When you are free, you need to inhale and hold your breath for a few seconds. Then close the left nostril, release the right one and exhale. Repeat 10 times.

We treat adenoids in children with folk remedies

Alternative medicine is considered no less effective in the fight against adenoiditis. Folk remedies are completely safe for children if they do not contain components to which the child is intolerant. Among the means that have been actively used for a long time, the most effective are:

  • Sea buckthorn oil. It relieves inflammation and moisturizes the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Before nasal use, it is advisable to warm the bottle of oil in your hand or in a water bath. Duration of the course – days.
  • Beetroot juice with honey. The mixture has an antiseptic and drying effect. To prepare the drops, you need the juice of one raw beet and a couple of teaspoons of honey, after complete dissolution of which the product is considered ready for use.
  • Eucalyptus infusion. Helps restore respiratory function and prevents the proliferation of pathogenic microflora. The infusion is prepared from eucalyptus leaves in the following ratio: 2 tbsp. l. raw materials used: 300 ml of boiling water. After an hour of infusion and straining, gargle several times throughout the day.

A specialist will help you make an informed decision about how to treat adenoids, with folk remedies or pharmaceuticals. Only if you unquestioningly follow the recommendations of the ENT doctor will it be possible to rid the child of the disease without surgery.

Source: http://www.syl.ru/article/345115/kak-lechit-adenoidyi-u-rebenka-sovetyi-pediatra

Treating adenoids in children at home: methods and tips

Adenoids (or adenoid growths) are a common disease that is diagnosed in children under the age of 15 years. According to statistics, this pathology most often occurs under the age of 7 years and is associated with the anatomical features of the developing organism. Doctors usually recommend surgical removal of the adenoids, but parents should remember that it is possible to preserve the lymphoid tissue of the nasopharynx by treating it at home.

You can find out which folk remedy for adenoids is used most often by reading the article.

Adenoids in children are classified by degree - it all depends on the level of inflammation and growth of the organ.

  • 1st degree - the adenoids are slightly enlarged in size, have a hyperemic color of the mucous membrane (it is very red), but there is a complete absence of white or purulent plaque;
  • 2nd degree - the adenoids are already significantly enlarged, their surface becomes smoother (normally it is a “set” of folds), the color of the mucous membrane is red;
  • 3rd degree - the organ has grown to completely block the nasal passages, the surface of the adenoids is absolutely smooth, the mucous membrane is pink.

How to cure adenoids in children of 2-3 degrees is indicated in the description in this article.

Important: an accurate determination of the degree will allow you to choose effective treatment. It is quite possible that it will be possible to undergo a therapeutic course of treatment even at home, but if grade 3 adenoids are diagnosed, removal surgery is indicated.

Why does it happen?

Chronic runny nose in a child can provoke inflammation of the adenoids

The only reason for the proliferation of lymphoid tissue of the nasopharynx (which is what is called adenoids) is an often recurrent disease. Moreover, it doesn’t matter at all which one - even banal chronic rhinitis (runny nose) or carious teeth can provoke enlargement/inflammation of the adenoids.

How to use thuja oil for adenoids correctly and in what dosages can be found in this article.

It has been noted that in some cases, constant sources of infection lead to an increase in the lymphoid tissue of the nasopharynx only during sleep - in this case, the child will breathe absolutely freely and only at night the parents notice snoring and restlessness.

What are the symptoms?

Signs of the disease in question can be very different:

  • snoring during sleep;
  • difficulty breathing while awake without visible signs of colds;
  • breathing is carried out only through the nose;
  • Colds, runny nose and flu in a child occur more often and are more severe; tonsillitis of non-viral etiology may develop.

An example of an “adenoid” face in a child

Over time, as the pathological process worsens, sick children may develop an “adenoid face” - the mouth is constantly open, the lower jaw hangs slightly. There is speech “in the nose”, slurred pronunciation of some sounds - this leads to the fact that the child is embarrassed by his appearance, suffers ridicule from others, turns into a gloomy person, and avoids communication with peers.

Important: signs of adenoid enlargement develop gradually and parents should take the patient to the doctor at the first symptoms - for example, when an unmotivated night cough or snoring appears, with frequent colds and a clear decrease in immunity.

How to recognize?

What happens during a doctor's visit?

  1. First, the patient is examined for enlarged lymph nodes in the neck; using a regular spoon or metal spatula, the specialist examines the pharynx and tonsils. This will immediately eliminate infectious diseases that occur in the oral cavity and pharynx.
  2. Secondly, the adenoids are examined using a special instrument - a miniature mirror on a long “leg”. The doctor injects it into the nasopharynx and can find out what condition the adenoids are in - whether they are enlarged in size, whether there is hyperemia or a white (purulent) coating. Please note: an experienced specialist will perform this procedure carefully, so there is no need to worry about inconvenience for the patient.
  3. Thirdly, the doctor can feel the adenoids (palpation) - an extremely unpleasant procedure, but necessary to determine the structure of the overgrown lymphoid tissue.

Endoscopy of the nasopharynx is also used - the most reliable method for diagnosing the proliferation of adenoids. Not only will the doctor be able to “see” the clinical picture (as is the case with a special mirror), but also the parents will be able to adequately assess the condition of the adenoids.

How the cuckoo method is treated for sinusitis can be found in this article.

How to treat?

Adenoids can and should be treated! Only an extreme degree of the disease can become a reason for surgical intervention - the adenoids will be completely atrophied, so there is no point in carrying out therapeutic measures. If the level of neglect of the disease is low, then therapeutic measures can be taken at home.

Folk remedies

Celandine is one of the effective folk remedies for inflammation of the adenoids.

Please note that treating adenoids is a slow process and will require therapy for quite a long time. The most effective methods that can be used at home include:

  1. Gargling the pharynx/throat with an infusion of eucalyptus leaves. You need to pour a liter of boiling water over a gram of dry eucalyptus leaf and leave it in a thermos. After 6 hours, you can start rinsing - every time after meals and always at night. This method will help get rid of the problem in six months.
  2. Aloe juice. It needs to be instilled into the nose three times a day, but keep in mind that the dosage should not exceed 2 drops in each nostril per procedure. Within a few days, the symptoms of adenoids will significantly decrease, but it is necessary to carry out this procedure for a year - only in this case will it be possible to achieve complete relief.
  3. Celandine juice/decoction. You can put freshly squeezed celandine juice in your nose - 4 drops per day for each nostril (divided into two doses) for at least a month and a half. And if you prepare a decoction (2 tablespoons of dry celandine in two glasses of water), then you should rinse the nasopharynx with it. Important: these two methods cannot be used simultaneously.
  4. Instillation of tea tree/sea buckthorn/arborvitae oils. This method is quite labor-intensive. First, you need to carry out preparatory procedures:
  • rinse your nose with saline solution;
  • instill vasoconstrictor medications (this will relieve nasal congestion).

And only after this (you need to wait for free breathing) you can instill oil according to the following treatment regimen:

  • sea ​​buckthorn - 3 (maximum 5) ml in each nostril twice a day for two weeks;
  • thuja - same dosage and duration;
  • tea tree - everything repeats itself.

According to unverified data, there have been cases where a child was cured of adenoids with the help of goat milk - it is enough to drink a glass of fresh goat milk every day. But this method is not approved by official medicine, so you need to be skeptical about it.

Complete inaction regarding the proliferation of lymphoid tissue of the nasopharynx leads to various complications.

Medicines and homeopathy

When carrying out drug treatment, it is important to follow the recommendations of a specialist. Typically, the following medications are used:

  • vasoconstrictors - to restore respiratory function;
  • antibacterial (antibiotics) - appropriate if a viral/infectious etiology of the disease is detected;
  • immunocorrective - the body’s strength is weakened, immunity is reduced and therefore it needs to be strengthened;
  • vitamins - this can be a line of B vitamins, ascorbic acid.

Homeopathic remedies can also be used in the treatment of overgrown lymphoid tissue of the nasopharynx. But it is necessary to remember that they must be prescribed by a professional homeopath and approved by official representatives of medicine.

Complications of the disease

Ignoring treatment of adenoids can lead to the following complications:

  • frequently occurring allergic, colds, infectious and viral diseases - sore throats/tonsillitis, laryngitis and others;
  • hearing loss;
  • change in speech - nasality appears, some soft sounds cannot be pronounced;
  • purulent otitis;
  • change in appearance.

At an older age, gloominess, isolation, and refusal to communicate with peers and others in general appear. Against the background of psychoemotional disorders, enuresis and laryngospasms may develop.

Video

Why is inflammation of the adenoids dangerous? How to treat it correctly? Watch detailed video:

Adenoids are a disease that responds quite well to treatment. Official medicine recognizes both medicinal and folk remedies for therapy. The most effective is considered to be a combination of these two methods. But before carrying out the procedures, it is necessary to obtain permission from the attending physician and recommendations regarding dosages and duration of treatment.

Treatment of adenoids in children with folk remedies

Adenoids in a child cause parents a lot of trouble and anxiety. The main question is whether surgery is necessary or whether conservative treatment can be used. Is it necessary to give the child a lot of pharmaceutical medicines or can adenoids be cured at home using alternative medicine, parents ask. This is the question we will try to answer.

Symptoms and signs

Adenoids are an enlargement of the nasopharyngeal tonsil, which is also called the palatine tonsil. This disease causes disturbances in nasal breathing, up to the complete inability to breathe through the nose. Often, adenoids become the cause of pathological hearing loss in a child.

The nasopharyngeal tonsil consists of lymphoid tissue, the main purpose of which is to participate in immune processes. In other words, it should be a kind of “barrier” to viruses and other unpleasant “guests” that most often enter the body through the nasopharynx.

Children suffer from viral infections more often than adults, since their immunity is not fully formed and is immature. It is clear that adenoids, which are at the forefront of the body’s natural defense, “get it” more than other participants in the immune process. This explains the widespread prevalence of the disease among children, especially between the ages of 3 and 7 years.

Inflammation causes the proliferation of lymphoid tissue, the tonsil thickens. By how much it is modified, doctors determine the degree of the disease.

  • First degree. The tonsil is enlarged, the growth is insignificant, does not exceed half of the lumen. Nasal breathing is slightly impaired.
  • Second degree. The nasopharyngeal tonsil has grown so large that it closes two or three lumens. Nasal breathing is significantly impaired.
  • Third degree. The pharyngeal tonsil is inflamed and enlarged, there is no nasal breathing, since it closes the lumen almost entirely.

Adenoitis in its acute form is accompanied by fever, sometimes mucous or purulent discharge from the nose appears, but attentive parents will never miss the first and main symptom - the child’s nose is not breathing. The chronic form of the disease is accompanied by a chronic dry cough, non-productive (without sputum production), worsening at night. In all cases, the child’s voice changes, he begins to “nasal.” In most cases, the child’s facial expression changes, an “adenoid mask” appears, which is characterized by a slightly open mouth, relaxation of the facial muscles, and drooling.

The pharyngeal tonsil performs a barrier function in absolutely all children, but not every child becomes inflamed. Doctors say that children have a certain predisposition to adenitis. Most often, ENT doctors make this diagnosis for children who have a hereditary predisposition to allergies (mom or dad are chronic allergy sufferers). Adenoids often plague children with reduced immunity, especially those living in environmentally disadvantaged areas, who often suffer from ARVI and influenza. Often this disease is a consequence of improper treatment of rhinitis, tracheitis, sore throat and other ENT diseases

Very rarely, the disease is congenital in nature, when the growth of the tonsil occurs in the womb. According to medical statistics, the likelihood of such a pathology increases in pregnant women who smoke and in mothers who, while carrying a baby, continue to work in hazardous industries or use medications uncontrollably.

The adenoids themselves are treated differently. Most doctors tend to recommend adenotomy, which is the name of surgery to remove the growth. But not always, but only when the child is given grade 2-3 if the tonsil has closed more than two-thirds of the lumen.

Dr. Komarovsky will talk about the difficulties that arise with children’s adenoids and how to treat them in this case in the next video.

If a baby has chronic adenoids, they are treated mainly conservatively with the use of rinsing the nose and throat, and instilling medications - glucocorticoids. In this case, the child is recommended a special diet, special climate conditions, as well as physiotherapeutic procedures.

What is the danger

With an almost constantly stuffy nose due to adenoids, the child breathes through his mouth. At first glance, this is not scary. In fact, when a baby breathes through his mouth, the mucous membranes of his respiratory organs dry out. This causes frequent morbidity and inflammatory processes in the respiratory system. Difficulties with normal breathing also lead to the fact that the child’s body chronically does not receive oxygen, which is so important for it, oxygen starvation of the brain occurs, and this is a very dangerous condition for children.

Sometimes the growths can close the Eustachian tube, which connects the pharynx to the ear. As a result, otitis media develops, and mucus stagnation significantly reduces the child’s hearing. “Adenoid mask” is a change in the facial skeleton, it is unsafe. If the cause of its appearance (adenoids) is not eliminated in time, the child will develop an incorrect bite and at an early age there will be a high predisposition to caries.

Very often, adenoids are the main cause of tracheitis, laryngitis and bronchitis. And coughing attacks during adenitis can trigger the mechanism of bronchial asthma in the child’s body.

Can folk remedies help?

Folk remedies in the treatment of enlarged pharyngeal tonsils are considered an effective way to cope with the disease, but only in cases where the extent of the disease does not require mandatory surgical intervention. Although easy-to-prepare and non-toxic folk recipes can also help at the recovery stage after an adenotomy performed by a surgeon.

If you are thinking about treating adenoids in a child using traditional medicine, the first thing to do is consult with your doctor. If the doctor does not object, you can proceed.

Options for treating adenoids using aromatherapy can be seen in the following video.

In any treatment of this disease, both with medication and at home without medication, it is important to follow the principles of such therapy and the procedure:

  • Relieving inflammation, swelling, eliminating mucus from the nasal passages.
  • Restoring nasal breathing.
  • Strengthening the immune system.
  • Physiotherapeutic procedures (if they are permitted in a particular case by a doctor).
  • Creation of a favorable microclimate.
  • Breathing exercises.

Rinse your nose

You can prepare a product for these purposes using one of the following recipes:

Salt. Every housewife can find regular table salt. To make a nasal rinse, you need to take a teaspoon of salt and a glass of boiled water, previously cooled to room temperature. Mix the salt thoroughly and rinse both nasal passages every 2-3 hours.

  • Pharmaceutical camomile. Herbal collection of this useful plant can be bought at any pharmacy. To prepare the rinse you will need 1 teaspoon of plant material and 100 ml. water. Everything is boiled in a water bath for about a quarter of an hour, and then infused under the lid until completely cooled. Before washing, the decoction must be carefully strained to avoid the smallest particles of plant fragments from entering the nasal cavity.
  • Calendula. Dried flowers and crushed calendula leaves in the amount of a teaspoon should be brewed with boiling water (1 cup). Pour the infusion into a thermos and leave there for about an hour. Then cool, strain through several layers of gauze and rinse the nasal passages with this product. The product can also be used as a gargle.

Relieving swelling and inflammation

Natural remedies that have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect will help with this:

  • Aloe. The cut leaf of a houseplant needs to be kept in the refrigerator for several hours, after which cuts are made on it and the juice is squeezed out using gauze. To bury it in the child's nose, you need 3-5 drops in each nasal passage. For small children, aloe juice can be diluted with boiled water or saline in half. Before each instillation, fresh juice is prepared.
  • Eucalyptus essential oil. This is a renowned means of combating adenoids. Essential oils in their pure form cannot, of course, be dripped into the nose. To prepare the drops you will need one more base oil. You can take Vaseline. For a teaspoon of “base” you will need about 3 drops of the essential component. The resulting mixture should be instilled into the nose 2-3 times a day. After the procedure, the child should lie down with his head thrown back so that the drops can envelop the tonsil as best as possible.
  • Propolis. This powerful anti-inflammatory agent can be used by children after 5 years of age and provided that they are not allergic in general and to bee products in particular. When preparing an ointment that is effective against adenoids, you will need a teaspoon of propolis (not tincture), and 10 of the same tablespoons of butter. Place everything in a glass or ceramic bowl, place in a water bath, wait until the ingredients are completely dissolved. Stir and cool. The ointment should be stored in the refrigerator and applied to the nasal mucosa twice a day using cotton swabs or a cotton swab.
  • Carnation. This spice not only improves the taste of culinary delights, but also helps cope with adenoids. Place ten buds in half a glass of boiling water and leave covered for an hour. Then be sure to strain the product, cool and drip it into your nose up to 4 times a day. Cloves perfectly relieve inflammation and reduce swelling of the enlarged pharyngeal tonsil.

Strengthening the immune system

For these purposes, you can use time-tested recipes for herbal and berry teas. Tea made from black currant leaves and berries works very well for adenoids. It not only strengthens the immune system in general, but also prevents further growth of the palatine tonsil.

Echinacea effectively stimulates the child’s immune system. This plant is contraindicated for children under one year of age. You can use a pharmacy tincture, or you can prepare it yourself. For 100 gr. chopped herbs will need about a glass of hot water. The product is kept in a steam bath for fifteen minutes, and then cooled and filtered. The child is given poml to drink several times a day.

You can add a teaspoon of aloe juice to tea or compote chad, we talked about it above. Another powerful natural immunostimulant is honey. It can also be given in pure form or added to drinks if the child does not have allergies and is already 3 years old.

Ginger, rose hips, cranberry juice and garlic, which can be introduced into the child’s diet, will help boost a child’s immunity. In addition, make it a rule to walk with your child more often and for longer, send him to a sports section so that he moves as much as possible.

Physiotherapy

As for inhalations and warming compresses on the nasal cavity, you should be extremely careful. Not all children diagnosed with adenoids are allowed such procedures. Only with the permission of a doctor can you do inhalations with saline solution, fir and eucalyptus oil, infusion of pine buds, calcined salt and mineral water. Warming compresses with honey and mustard cakes are applied to the nose. Breathing hot steam with adenoids is strictly prohibited.

Microclimate

Children with enlarged tonsils need sea air. It is optimal if they are often taken to the sea. But even if this is not possible, parents can create the “right” microclimate at home that is conducive to recovery. Firstly, the air temperature in the room where the baby lives should be no lower than 18 and no higher than 20 degrees. Secondly, you need to pay attention to air humidity. This is a very important parameter for children with respiratory diseases.

The air should not be too dry or too humid. Humidity values ​​within 50-70% are considered optimal. A special device, a humidifier, will help create such a microclimate. However, it is not cheap. If you can’t buy one, you can place bowls of water around the house, hang wet towels and make sure they don’t dry out. You can additionally buy a small aquarium with fish.

It is also useful to acquire a home quartz lamp.

Breathing exercises

Usually, children are prescribed gymnastics using the Strelnikova method. There are quite a few different exercises in the system, aimed at a variety of pathologies.

You can watch how to do breathing exercises using the Strelnikova method correctly in the following video.

The danger of self-medication

Without consulting a doctor, treating adenoids can lead to a worsening of the child’s condition. After all, at home it is impossible to carry out the entire range of diagnostic actions, which in this case are mandatory.

It happens that parents refuse surgery and prefer to treat a child with third-degree adenoids using traditional medicine. Of course, refusing surgical intervention is the legal right of mothers and fathers, but they also bear responsibility for the consequences of such treatment, and first of all to their own child.

For those who doubt it, I can cite some interesting statistics that were compiled by ENT doctors at one of the Moscow children’s clinics: more than half of the established diagnoses of “third degree adenoids” are in children who had previously been treated for a long time and to no avail with folk remedies and with the help of homeopathy at home. Almost 70% of them ended up having to undergo surgery anyway, because the disease was extremely advanced at the time of treatment.

What not to do

  • If a child is diagnosed with adenoids, he should eat properly. You should not feed your child salty foods, pickled and canned foods, sour berries and fruits, as the acid greatly irritates the inflamed pharyngeal tonsil and contributes to the progression of the disease.
  • The child should not be overcooled or drink too cold or too hot drinks.
  • Parents should not try to treat the affected and enlarged tonsil on their own using antiseptics. All the advice that you can cauterize it and stop its growth with the help of iodine is disastrous for the child.
  • If adenitis worsens, you should not take your child to the bathhouse, sauna or pool.

Adviсe

  • Try to follow the therapeutic procedure: before instilling drops into the nose, be sure to rinse the passages. If there are dry crusts, they should be removed. After the first day of treatment, immunostimulating agents must be administered. Then physiotherapy, if the doctor allows it. You can proceed to breathing exercises only when nasal breathing has been restored.
  • It is better to carry out inhalations using special devices - an inhaler or a nebulizer. If a child inhales the hot vapors of a healing decoction from a saucepan while covering his head with a towel, he may suffer a burn to the mucous membrane of the nose, larynx, trachea and bronchi. With this diagnosis, hot vapors are contraindicated, and otherwise you will not be able to inhale medicinal compounds without a device. Do not use inhalations or warm compresses if your child has a fever.

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Adenoids in children: causes, symptoms and treatment

A common reason for contacting a pediatric otolaryngologist is hypertrophy and inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsil. According to statistics, this disease accounts for about 50% of all diseases of the ENT organs in children of preschool and primary school age. Depending on the severity, it can lead to difficulty or even complete absence of nasal breathing in a child, frequent inflammation of the middle ear, hearing loss and other serious consequences. To treat adenoids, medications, surgical methods and physical therapy are used.

Pharyngeal tonsil and its functions

Tonsils are collections of lymphoid tissue localized in the nasopharynx and oral cavity. There are 6 of them in the human body: paired - palatine and tubal (2 pieces each), unpaired - lingual and pharyngeal. Together with lymphoid granules and lateral ridges on the posterior wall of the pharynx, they form a lymphatic pharyngeal ring surrounding the entrance to the respiratory and digestive tracts. The pharyngeal tonsil, the pathological growth of which is called adenoids, is attached at its base to the posterior wall of the nasopharynx at the point where the nasal cavity exits into the oral cavity. Unlike the palatine tonsils, it is not possible to see it without special equipment.

Tonsils are part of the immune system and perform a barrier function, preventing further penetration of pathogenic agents into the body. They form lymphocytes - cells responsible for humoral and cellular immunity.

In newborns and children in the first months of life, the tonsils are underdeveloped and do not function properly. Later, under the influence of pathogenic bacteria, viruses and toxins constantly attacking the small organism, the active development of all structures of the lymphatic pharyngeal ring begins. In this case, the pharyngeal tonsil is formed more actively than others, which is due to its location at the very beginning of the respiratory tract, in the zone of the body’s first contact with antigens. The folds of its mucous membrane thicken, lengthen, and take on the appearance of ridges separated by grooves. It reaches full development by 2–3 years.

As the immune system develops and antibodies accumulate after 9–10 years, the pharyngeal lymphatic ring undergoes uneven reverse development. The size of the tonsils decreases significantly, the pharyngeal tonsil often completely atrophies, and their protective function is transferred to the receptors of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract.

Causes of adenoids

The growth of adenoids occurs gradually. The most common cause of this phenomenon is frequent diseases of the upper respiratory tract (rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis and others). Each contact of the body with infection occurs with the active participation of the pharyngeal tonsil, which at the same time increases slightly in size. After recovery, when the inflammation passes, it returns to its original state. If during this period (2-3 weeks) the child falls ill again, then, not having time to return to its original size, the amygdala enlarges again, but larger. This leads to constant inflammation and growth of lymphoid tissue.

In addition to frequent acute and chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract, the following factors contribute to the occurrence of adenoids:

  • hereditary predisposition;
  • childhood infectious diseases (measles, rubella, scarlet fever, influenza, diphtheria, whooping cough);
  • severe pregnancy and childbirth (viral infections in the first trimester, leading to abnormalities in the development of the internal organs of the fetus, taking antibiotics and other harmful drugs, fetal hypoxia, birth injuries);
  • poor nutrition and overfeeding of the child (excess sweets, eating food with preservatives, stabilizers, dyes, flavors);
  • tendency to allergies;
  • weakened immunity due to chronic infections;
  • unfavorable environment (gases, dust, household chemicals, dry air).

Children aged 3 to 7 years who attend children's groups and have constant contact with various infections are at risk of developing adenoids. In a small child, the airways are quite narrow and in the case of even slight swelling or enlargement of the pharyngeal tonsil, they can completely block and make breathing through the nose difficult or impossible. In older children, the incidence of this disease decreases sharply, because after 7 years the tonsils begin to atrophy, and the size of the nasopharynx, on the contrary, increases. Adenoids no longer interfere with breathing and cause discomfort.

Adenoid grades

Depending on the size of the adenoids, three degrees of the disease are distinguished:

  • 1st degree - the adenoids are small, covering no more than a third of the upper part of the nasopharynx, problems with nasal breathing in children occur only at night when the body is in a horizontal position;
  • 2nd degree - significant enlargement of the pharyngeal tonsil, blocking the lumen of the nasopharynx by about half, nasal breathing in children is difficult both day and night;
  • 3rd degree - adenoids occupy almost the entire lumen of the nasopharynx, the child is forced to breathe through the mouth around the clock.

Symptoms of adenoids

The most important and obvious sign by which parents can suspect adenoids in children is regular difficulty breathing through the nose and nasal congestion in the absence of any discharge from it. To confirm the diagnosis, the child should be shown to an otolaryngologist.

Characteristic symptoms of adenoids in children are:

  • sleep disturbance, the child sleeps lightly with his mouth open, wakes up, may cry in his sleep;
  • snoring, snoring, holding your breath and attacks of suffocation during sleep;
  • dry mouth and dry cough in the morning;
  • change in voice timbre, nasal speech;
  • headache;
  • frequent rhinitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis;
  • decreased appetite;
  • hearing loss, ear pain, frequent otitis due to blockage of the canal connecting the nasopharynx and the ear cavity;
  • lethargy, fatigue, irritability, moodiness.

Against the background of adenoids, children develop a complication such as adenoiditis, or inflammation of the hypertrophied pharyngeal tonsil, which can be acute or chronic. In acute cases, it is accompanied by fever, pain and a burning sensation in the nasopharynx, weakness, nasal congestion, runny nose, mucopurulent discharge, and enlargement of nearby lymph nodes.

Methods for diagnosing adenoids

If you suspect adenoids in children, you should contact an ENT specialist. Diagnosis of the disease includes taking an anamnesis and instrumental examination. To assess the degree of adenoids, the condition of the mucosa, the presence or absence of an inflammatory process, the following methods are used: pharyngoscopy, anterior and posterior rhinoscopy, endoscopy, radiography.

Pharyngoscopy consists of examining the pharyngeal cavity, pharynx and tonsils, which are also sometimes hypertrophied in children with adenoids.

During anterior rhinoscopy, the doctor carefully examines the nasal passages, expanding them with a special nasal speculum. To analyze the condition of the adenoids with this method, the child is asked to swallow or say the word “lamp”, while the soft palate contracts, which causes the adenoids to vibrate.

Posterior rhinoscopy is an examination of the nasopharynx and adenoids through the oropharynx using a nasopharyngeal speculum. The method is highly informative, allows you to assess the size and condition of the adenoids, however, in children it can cause a gag reflex and quite unpleasant sensations, which will interfere with the examination.

The most modern and informative examination of adenoids is endoscopy. One of its advantages is its clarity: it allows parents to see their children’s adenoids on the screen. When performing endoscopy, the degree of adenoid vegetations and blockage of the nasal passages and auditory tubes, the reason for their enlargement, the presence of edema, pus, mucus, and the condition of neighboring organs are determined. The procedure is carried out under local anesthesia, as the doctor must insert a long tube 2–4 mm thick with a camera at the end into the nasal passage, which causes unpleasant and painful sensations in the child.

Radiography, like digital examination, is currently practically not used to diagnose adenoids. It is harmful to the body, does not give an idea of ​​why the pharyngeal tonsil is enlarged, and can cause an incorrect assessment of the degree of its hypertrophy. Pus or mucus that has accumulated on the surface of the adenoids will appear exactly the same as the adenoids themselves in the image, which will mistakenly increase their size.

If hearing impairment is detected in children and frequent otitis media, the doctor examines the ear cavity and sends for an audiogram.

To truly assess the extent of adenoids, diagnosis must be carried out during a period when the child is healthy or at least 2-3 weeks have passed since recovery from the last illness (cold, acute respiratory viral infection, etc.).

Treatment

The treatment tactics for adenoids in children are determined by their degree, the severity of symptoms, and the development of complications in the child. Medication, physical therapy, or surgery (adenotomy) may be used.

Drug treatment

Treatment of adenoids with drugs is effective for the first, and less often, the second degree of adenoids, when their size is not too large, and there are no pronounced disturbances in free nasal breathing. In the third degree, it is carried out only if the child has contraindications to surgical removal of the adenoids.

Drug therapy is aimed at relieving inflammation, swelling, eliminating a runny nose, cleansing the nasal cavity, and strengthening the immune system. The following groups of drugs are used for this:

  • vasoconstrictor drops (galazolin, farmazolin, naphthyzin, rinazolin, sanorin and others);
  • antihistamines (diazolin, suprastin, loratadine, Erius, Zyrtec, fenistil);
  • anti-inflammatory hormonal nasal sprays (Flix, Nasonex);
  • local antiseptics, nasal drops (protargol, collargol, albucid);
  • saline solutions for clearing snot and moisturizing the nasal cavity (Aquamaris, Marimer, Quix, Humer, Nazomarin);
  • means to strengthen the body (vitamins, immunostimulants).

The enlargement of the pharyngeal tonsil in some children is not due to its growth, but to swelling caused by an allergic reaction of the body in response to certain allergens. Then, to restore its normal size, only local and systemic use of antihistamines is necessary.

Sometimes doctors can prescribe homeopathic medicines for children to treat adenoids. In most cases, their use is effective only with long-term use in the first stage of the disease and for preventive purposes. With the second and even more so the third degree of adenoids, they, as a rule, do not bring any results. For adenoids, granules of the drugs “IOV-Malysh” and “Adenosan”, “Thuya-GF” oil, and “Euphorbium Compositum” nasal spray are usually prescribed.

Folk remedies

Folk remedies for adenoids can only be used after consultation with a doctor in the initial stages of the disease, which are not accompanied by any complications. The most effective of them are rinsing the nasal cavity with a solution of sea salt or herbal decoctions of oak bark, chamomile and calendula flowers, and eucalyptus leaves, which have anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and astringent effects.

When using medicinal herbs, it should be taken into account that they can provoke an allergic reaction in children, which will further aggravate the course of the disease.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy for adenoids is used in conjunction with drug treatment to increase its effectiveness.

Most often, children are prescribed laser therapy. The standard course of treatment consists of 10 sessions. It is recommended to take 3 courses per year. Low-intensity laser radiation helps reduce swelling and inflammation, normalizes nasal breathing, and has an antibacterial effect. Moreover, it extends not only to the adenoids, but also to the tissues surrounding them.

In addition to laser therapy, ultraviolet irradiation and UHF on the nasal area, ozone therapy, and electrophoresis with medications can be used.

Breathing exercises, spa treatment, climatic therapy, and seaside holidays are also useful for children with adenoids.

Video: Treatment of adenoiditis with home remedies

Adenotomy

Removal of adenoids is the most effective treatment method for third-degree hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil, when the child’s quality of life significantly deteriorates due to the lack of nasal breathing. The operation is carried out strictly according to indications in a planned manner under anesthesia in the inpatient conditions of the ENT department of a children's hospital. It does not take much time, and if there are no postoperative complications, the child is sent home on the same day.

Indications for adenotomy are:

  • ineffectiveness of long-term drug therapy;
  • inflammation of the adenoids up to 4 times a year;
  • absence or significant difficulty in nasal breathing;
  • recurrent inflammation of the middle ear;
  • hearing impairment;
  • chronic sinusitis;
  • stopping breathing during night sleep;
  • deformation of the skeleton of the face and chest.

Adenotomy is contraindicated if the child has:

  • congenital anomalies of the hard and soft palate;
  • increased tendency to bleed;
  • blood diseases;
  • severe cardiovascular pathologies;
  • inflammatory process in the adenoids.

The operation is not performed during influenza epidemics and within a month after a routine vaccination.

Currently, thanks to the advent of short-acting general anesthesia, adenotomy for children is almost always performed under general anesthesia, which avoids the psychological trauma that the child receives when performing the procedure under local anesthesia.

The modern endoscopic technique for removing adenoids is low-traumatic, has a minimum of complications, allows the child to return to a normal lifestyle within a short time, and minimizes the likelihood of relapse. To prevent complications in the postoperative period it is necessary:

  1. Take medications prescribed by your doctor (vasoconstrictor and astringent nasal drops, antipyretics and painkillers).
  2. Limit physical activity for two weeks.
  3. Do not eat hot food with a hard consistency.
  4. Do not take baths for 3-4 days.
  5. Avoid exposure to open sun.
  6. Do not visit crowded places and children's groups.

Video: How adenotomy is performed

Complications of adenoids

In the absence of timely and adequate treatment, adenoids in a child, especially grades 2 and 3, lead to the development of complications. Among them:

  • chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract;
  • increased risk of acute respiratory infections;
  • deformation of the maxillofacial skeleton (“adenoid face”);
  • hearing impairment caused by the adenoids blocking the opening of the auditory tube in the nose and impaired ventilation in the middle ear;
  • abnormal development of the chest;
  • frequent catarrhal and purulent otitis media;
  • speech disorders.

Adenoids can cause retardation in mental and physical development due to insufficient oxygen supply to the brain due to problems with nasal breathing.

Prevention

Prevention of adenoids is especially important for children who are prone to allergies or have a hereditary predisposition to the occurrence of this disease. According to pediatrician E. O. Komarovsky, to prevent hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil, it is very important to give the child time to restore its size after suffering from acute respiratory infections. To do this, after the symptoms of the disease disappear and the child’s well-being improves, you should not take the child to kindergarten the very next day, but you should stay at home for at least another week and during this period actively walk in the fresh air.

Measures to prevent adenoids include playing sports that promote the development of the respiratory system (swimming, tennis, athletics), daily walks, maintaining optimal temperature and humidity levels in the apartment. It is important to eat foods rich in vitamins and microelements.

Video: Pediatrician Komarovsky E. O. on the treatment and prevention of adenoids in children

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