Antibiotics for a persistent runny nose

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Antibiotics for rhinitis for children and adults

The common runny nose, as a rule, does not cause concern and is treated with folk remedies, sprays, and drops. Rhinitis goes away quickly along with its cause - a cold or flu.

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But in some cases, with a prolonged runny nose in both children and adults, antibiotic therapy may be required.

It should be understood that only a doctor can prescribe an antibiotic for a runny nose. Self-administration of drugs is not recommended, as it can cause the opposite effect. Only a specialist will be able to take into account all the individual characteristics of the body and select an effective medicine.

Types of rhinitis

A runny nose is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa, which is accompanied by discharge and sneezing.

There are two categories of rhinitis - infectious and non-infectious. The first category includes a runny nose, which is caused by viruses and bacteria.

For example, influenza provokes an infectious type of rhinitis, which, against the background of a weakened immune system, can be joined by a bacterial type of rhinitis. It is characterized by copious mucous and purulent discharge. Non-infectious rhinitis is considered an independent disease.

The following types of runny nose are distinguished:

  • Infectious rhinitis. This is a symptom of diseases such as influenza, ARVI, measles, diphtheria. If a viral disease is accompanied by a bacterial infection, sinusitis or inflammation of the middle ear may develop.
  • Allergic rhinitis. A runny nose is classified as an independent disease that is triggered by allergens.
  • Traumatic rhinitis. With this type of runny nose, due to some physiological characteristics of the nose, the accumulated mucus does not come out.
  • Drug-induced runny nose. Occurs against the background of uncontrolled use of medicated nasal drops (vasoconstrictors).
  • Neurodynamic rhinitis occurs due to disruption of nerve connections. For this reason, the functioning of the nasal cavity as a whole is disrupted.
  • Hypertrophic rhinitis, in which there is an overgrowth of bone tissue.
  • Atrophic rhinitis involves chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane.

A runny nose of an infectious nature requires treatment, despite its rapid disappearance. This usually takes five to six days. Rhinitis has several stages of development. The first stage is accompanied by sneezing and unpleasant sensations similar to a tickling in the nose. The second stage is accompanied by congestion and difficulty breathing as a consequence. The third stage is accompanied by copious mucous discharge, which has a transparent color like the flu.

If it is a bacterial runny nose, the discharge will have a green-yellow tint, purulent. All these stages develop within four days. Therapy can last no more than a week.

If the runny nose is persistent, your doctor may prescribe antibiotic therapy.

Before starting treatment for a runny nose, you should definitely consult a doctor. Based on the test results, the therapist will select nasal drops and prescribe therapy for the main cause that caused the appearance of rhinitis.

When is antibiotic treatment required?

Most often, antibiotics in the nose are prescribed to treat inflammation of the paranasal sinuses.

Antibiotic therapy may be required for sinusitis. For example, an advanced, untreated infectious type of rhinitis against the background of influenza can develop into a complicated form - sinusitis. There are many types of sinusitis that are treated with antibiotic therapy.

  • Sinusitis - this type of sinusitis involves inflammation of the maxillary paranasal sinus. This disease is known to many, as it is a common complication of a runny nose due to the flu.
  • Frontitis is an inflammation of the frontal sinus.
  • Ethmoiditis - here inflammation affects the mucous membrane of the cells of the ethmoid labyrinth.
  • Sphenoiditis is inflammation of the mucous membrane of the sphenoid sinus.

For these pathologies, antibiotic therapy is often prescribed. Before treatment, the doctor takes into account other stages of the disease - acute or chronic.

It is almost impossible to determine and distinguish ordinary rhinitis from sinusitis on your own. Tests and examination by an otolaryngologist are needed. Due to the fact that ordinary rhinitis can occur in parallel with sinusitis and vice versa, treatment of a runny nose without medical supervision is not recommended. A runny nose can smoothly develop into sinusitis and thereby cause complications.

Antibiotic therapy for adults

Most doctors prescribe antibiotic therapy for a complicated course of the disease - purulent sinusitis. It should be understood that an antibiotic will not help in the case of a viral infection. This group of drugs has its own characteristics and contraindications, which are taken into account when prescribing.

Antibiotics are divided into two broad categories - bacteriostatic and bactericidal. With the help of the former, bacterial growth is suppressed. In other words, the medicine prevents them from reproducing. The bactericidal group of antibiotics is aimed at the complete destruction of bacteria. Medicines in this particular group are quite often prescribed by doctors.

Some of the most effective drugs in the treatment of acute rhinitis and sinusitis today are Erythromycin, Amoxicillin, Bioparox, Clarithromycin and Midecamycin. The substances are made in the form of tablets or capsules. Sometimes a suspension is provided for use in children. In addition to antibiotic tablets, local therapy for the nasal mucosa may be prescribed. For example, drops or sprays containing an antibiotic.

The most popular and effective means of this plan include:

  • Framycetin. The medicine is prescribed for the treatment of acute rhinitis, sinusitis of any type as an auxiliary drug in the complex treatment of the disease.
  • Novoimanin is prescribed for the rapid restoration of the nasal mucosa. The antibiotic belongs to the group of herbal preparations and contains St. John's wort extract. It is considered one of the safest antibiotics for the treatment of rhinitis and sinusitis locally.
  • The drug neomycin is aimed at suppressing bacteria. Available in the form of a solution for instillation into the nose.

The use of antibiotics independently, without medical supervision, is not recommended. Each drug has its own contraindications and features, which only a doctor can take into account. Along with taking pills and using nasal drops, other procedures may be prescribed depending on the type of rhinitis or sinusitis.

Inhalations using the same antibiotics, vitamins and other auxiliary medications are often prescribed. Do not forget that even simple rhinitis or a runny nose can lead to complications. Therefore, treat only under the supervision of a doctor.

Antibiotic therapy for children

A safe and effective antibiotic for rhinitis for children can only be prescribed by a doctor.

Treatment for a child is always different from treatment for adults. Children's bodies have their own physiological characteristics; their immunity is much weaker. Children tolerate antibiotic therapy much worse. Side effects often occur that can lead to such complications that the doctor will think ten times before prescribing an antibiotic.

In most cases, pediatricians and otolaryngologists try to refuse to prescribe antibacterial drugs and prescribe milder therapy. However, in some cases, when there is a risk of worsening the condition, certain antibiotics may be prescribed.

The group of drugs for children is the same as for adults, the difference is in the dosage of the drugs and the amount they are taken.

More often, drugs such as Augmentin, Cefodox or Ceftriaxone are prescribed for the treatment of acute rhinitis and sinusitis. In the most difficult cases, usually during hospitalization, antibiotics are administered intramuscularly. Topical antibiotics, drops, can also be prescribed to children. Antibacterial treatment of children is possible only under the supervision of a doctor.

More information about sinusitis can be found in the video:

Many parents try to independently select an antibiotic to treat their child based on the advice of friends and acquaintances who have experienced prolonged rhinitis or sinusitis. This cannot be done, since each organism is individual. An antibiotic can cause irreparable harm to a child if prescribed incorrectly and without medical supervision. When treating a common runny nose, everything can be managed with antiviral therapy and the use of plant-based nasal drops.

Successful and competent treatment is guaranteed if the patient seeks help from a doctor and does not self-medicate. The use of antibiotics should be under the supervision of a physician.

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Comments (3)

05/26/2017 at 10:29 | #

I try not to give my child antibiotics. In the spring he begins to have an allergic runny nose. He feels better by washing the nasal mucosa. To do this, I take the domestic spray Morenasal.

Nastya

09.19.2017 at 10:08 | #

Azithromycin Ecomed is an excellent remedy for a runny nose - it is a potent antibiotic with an improved composition. It is also prescribed for particularly advanced and severe forms of the common cold, but has virtually no side effects or negative effects on the body. Available both in tablets and capsules, and in the form of a suspension.

Valentina

10/25/2017 at 07:47 pm | #

If only for severe sinusitis, then yes, you can’t do without antibiotics. And with a normal runny nose, why? Personally, I wash it with morenasal spray with chamomile. It helps with congestion, and chamomile oil relieves inflammation.

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The medical information published on this page is strictly not recommended for self-medication. If you feel negative changes in your health, immediately contact an ENT specialist. All articles published on our resource are for informational purposes only. If you use this material or a fragment of it on your website, an active link to the source is required.

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Treatment of rhinitis in adults with antibiotics

In what cases should antibiotics be used for a runny nose in adults?

Antimicrobial drugs should only be used if the inflammation was caused by pathogenic bacteria.

Most often, rhinitis is provoked by viruses, but with inadequate treatment of ENT diseases, they are accompanied by a bacterial infection.

It can be eliminated only through systemic and local antibiotics.

What diseases are treated with antibiotics?

When to use an antibiotic for a runny nose in adults? As a rule, protracted and chronic rhinitis that lasts more than 7 days is treated with antimicrobial medications. If rhinorrhea plagues the patient for more than a week, most likely, bacterial flora has managed to join the viral infection. This is evidenced by a deterioration in health, severe inflammation of the nasal turbinates and purulent nasal discharge.

The most common respiratory diseases that are caused by bacteria and accompanied by rhinitis include:

Important! Treatment with antibiotics is used exclusively on the recommendation of a doctor in case of ineffectiveness of traditional therapy for rhinitis.

Despite the fact that antimicrobial agents do kill pathogenic bacteria very quickly, they are recommended to be used only as a last resort. Systemic drugs that are absorbed into the systemic circulation negatively affect the intestinal microflora. Subsequently, this can cause dysbiosis and a decrease in local immunity. To prevent such consequences, it is recommended to take antibiotics along with probiotics, which stimulate the production of “good” bacteria in the intestines.

Types of Antibiotics

There are several main types of antimicrobial agents, which differ in their principle of action. Some of them fight exclusively against coccal bacteria, while others are capable of destroying almost any strain of pathogenic microorganisms. What are the best antibiotics to use for a runny nose?

Depending on the therapeutic properties, the following antimicrobial agents are used to treat rhinitis:

  • bactericidal - destroy the cellular structures of microbes, resulting in their death;
  • bacteriostatic - inhibit the reproductive activity of bacteria, and therefore their number in the affected areas decreases.

If the proliferation of bacteria is not prevented in time, the inflammation will eventually involve the paranasal sinuses, throat and auditory tubes.

If inflammation in the respiratory system is severe, doctors advise using bactericidal medications. With their help, it is possible to disinfect the respiratory tract and normalize mucociliary clearance.

Features of antibacterial therapy

Inhalation solutions and nasal antibiotics for rhinitis are most often used due to the virtual absence of adverse reactions. The components of local drugs are almost not absorbed into the systemic circulation and act directly on the lesions. If you start therapy in time, you will be able to stop bacterial inflammation in the nose in just 4-5 days.

Active components of systemic drugs, i.e. tablets and injection solutions, can accumulate over time in the liver, spleen and other malignant tissues. An overdose of drugs is fraught with the development of the following adverse reactions:

  • dizziness;
  • decreased appetite;
  • headache;
  • nausea and vomiting;
  • dysbacteriosis;
  • yellowing of tooth enamel.

To prevent side effects, antibiotics are used for no more than 7-10 days in a row. As a rule, therapy begins with taking drugs of the penicillin group. They very often cause allergic reactions, therefore, when undesirable effects occur, penicillins are replaced with macrolides or cephalosporins. The former are among the least toxic drugs and therefore are used even in pediatric practice, and the latter are the most effective antibiotics that are resistant to the action of microbes that produce beta-lactamase.

Drops and sprays for rhinitis

A local antibiotic for the common cold is used to relieve purulent inflammation in the nasal cavity. Nasal drops and sprays are quickly absorbed into the nasopharyngeal mucosa and destroy pathogenic microbes in it. As practice shows, local use of drugs prevents the occurrence of adverse reactions, therefore they are included first in the treatment of bacterial rhinitis.

The best antibacterial drops for intranasal administration include:

The above remedies have proven themselves well in the treatment of sinusitis and persistent runny nose. However, the most effective are still considered to be sprays, the aerosol of which is absorbed into the tissue of the nasopharynx literally within a few minutes. In cases where a bacterial infection spreads rapidly, the following types of sprays are used to treat rhinitis:

It is undesirable to use antimicrobial sprays and drops together with other drugs for intranasal administration, as this may cause allergic reactions.

Systemic drugs

Antibiotics in injection and tablet form are absorbed by the kidneys and liver, so they are recommended to be used only if there are serious indications. Before using medications, the patient must be examined by an ENT doctor and undergo appropriate tests to determine the causative agent of the infection. Only after this will the specialist be able to select the most effective antibiotics against rhinitis.

Most often, the following tablets are used to eliminate purulent inflammation in the turbinates and paranasal sinuses:

In case of particularly severe respiratory diseases, antibiotics are administered intramuscularly. This ensures rapid penetration of drug components into the systemic circulation. With the help of antimicrobial drugs, it is possible to eliminate not only rhinitis itself, but also the cause of its occurrence - infection.

Author: Guseinova Irada

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    Choosing antibiotics to treat a runny nose

    Rhinitis in adults and children requires treatment. Good antibiotics for a runny nose will help avoid complications with a prolonged illness. Mucous discharge from the nose can be associated with various infections in the body.

    Treatment of the disease should begin with determining the cause of the ailment. With allergies, nasal discharge is clear and water-like. Antibiotics are prescribed for inflammatory processes, most often for a runny nose (rhinitis), sinusitis or sinusitis, when the discharge is green or yellow.

    ENT doctors are selective in prescribing treatment. For a slight runny nose, drops and sprays are recommended for use. Vasoconstrictors constrict the blood vessels of the nose, reducing swelling and reducing the amount of nasal discharge. After using the drug, a person breathes easier and gradually recovers.

    Antibiotics are used in courses of 5 to 10 days. Only the treating otolaryngologist prescribes the medicine and prolongs the therapy.

    Medicines for the common cold

    There are several topical antibiotics that can be prescribed for this condition.

    Isofra – spray and nasal drops

    If a disease of the nasal cavity is provoked by pathogenic (disease-causing) bacteria, then green snot is produced. The drug Isofra, thanks to the antibiotic it contains - framycetin, acts on the affected area of ​​the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity.

    In addition, the medicine is not absorbed into the blood. The substance is concentrated only at the site of infection.

    The drug is instilled or injected into the nose. Isofra is a real salvation in the treatment of children who refuse to take pills and mixtures, but allow local treatment.

    In addition, Framycetin also works effectively on adults who have been repeatedly treated with this antibiotic.

    Polydexa is an effective medicine

    Nasal medications, when used for a long time, lead to addiction in the body. Isofra spray and drops are, of course, no exception.

    In such a situation, effective therapy for severe nasal congestion and inflammation can be carried out with the drug Polydexa. The product contains two powerful antibiotics: polymexin B and neomycin. The combination of these substances destroys all pathogenic microflora.

    When the medicine gets into the nose, it is gentle on the mucous membrane, without having a harmful effect on the integument and tissues.

    Polydex is prescribed for rhinitis and other nasal diseases in adults and children, starting from the age of 2.5 years.

    Bioparox for bacterial inflammation

    The selective effect of Bioparox is expressed by activity against staphylococci, streptococci, mycoplasmas and neisseria. The nature of the drug’s action is associated with the formation of an antibacterial substance from moldy fungi - fusafungin. For the treatment of children and adults with bacterial rhinitis, this aerosol is excellent.

    Fusafungin reduces inflammatory pathology. As a result, the nasal mucosa returns to normal. If a child has adenoids, then the antibiotic reduces the exacerbation. You will find details in the article “Bioparox - instructions for use.”

    Important! If after 3 days of using Bioparox there is no improvement in the patient’s condition, then this drug must be replaced with another drug. When treating nasal congestion in children after inhalation of the spray, laryngospasm may occur. Therefore, please note that Bioparox is contraindicated for young patients under 2.5 years of age.

    Treatment with systemic antibiotics

    If antibiotic sprays and drops for a runny nose affect the nasal cavity, then systemic medications affect the entire body. The doctor prescribes oral medications if an allergy to nasal drops and sprays occurs. Other aggravating factors are also indicated for such therapy:

    • moderate to severe rhinitis;
    • complication in the form of sinusitis;
    • chronic form of the disease;
    • severe inflammation of the paranasal sinuses;
    • complication in the form of pharyngitis, tracheitis;
    • severe course of diseases.

    Antibiotics, when taken orally, will help cope with the most complex infections. There are groups to which a particular medicine belongs.

    Penicillins actively suppress bacteria characteristic of the course of diseases with inflammation of the throat. The sore throat will go away in 1-1.5 weeks. Antimicrobial drugs are good due to their low toxicity. Pediatricians can prescribe them for children.

    Cephalosporins are powerful bacterial blockers. The medicine acts on the cell membrane, hence a wide range of applications. Pleurisy, pneumonia, and bronchitis are treated using tablets, capsules or injections of medications.

    Macrolides are used in the fight against SARS. A representative of this group, erythromycin, is prescribed to patients with allergies to penicillins.

    Fluoroquinolones destroy gram-negative bacteria. The drug Levofloxacin blocks mycoplasma, pneumococcus, chlamydia, and E. coli. Non-toxicity, anti-allergenicity and safety in use have made the drug incredibly popular.

    Contraindications for use

    Advertising makes people overly trust the promises heard on the TV screen and placed on the pages of various publications. They buy antibiotics, and do not pay attention to the high price and existing health hazards. Antibacterial drugs have contraindications for use. Here are just the most common ones:

    • for allergies and sinusitis, medications can damage the nasal mucosa; the consequences may be damage to the skin and complications, including secondary infection;
    • For rhinitis of a viral nature, antibiotics are not used, only for bacterial complications and forms of the disease;
    • with increasing dosage and incorrect selection of drugs, the development of dysbiosis, candidiasis, and diseases of the digestive tract is possible; In addition, the antibiotic stops killing germs.

    Before treatment, you should carefully read the instructions. The package insert for any medicine describes contraindications for children and adults. Remember, such serious medications can only be prescribed by a doctor.

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    What antibiotics are prescribed for a runny nose in adults?

    Antibiotics for a runny nose in adults are prescribed when this symptom is complicated by an infection. Taking such medications when you have a runny nose is risky. Does it make sense to take antibiotics for a runny nose and what is their effect? How not to confuse a complication with a runny nose with a common cold?

    Indications for prescribing antibiotics for a runny nose

    When a runny nose appears, which is only a symptom of the underlying disease, special vasoconstrictor drops are prescribed to relieve swelling, reduce the amount of mucus and facilitate nasal breathing. This therapy lasts from 5 to 10 days. If the condition does not improve, the doctor prescribes antibiotics.

    An antibiotic for a runny nose is prescribed if the latter is complicated by the addition of a pathogenic infection, that is, chronic rhinitis develops or inflammation spreads to the sinuses. Antibiotics are not prescribed for simple rhinitis. In the second case, we can talk about the development of sinusitis. The following forms of sinusitis are distinguished (depending on which sinus is affected):

    Treatment of a runny nose with antibiotics should be prescribed by an otolaryngologist who, based on symptoms and other indicators, prescribes a drug of the required group (conventional bactericidal agents for sinusitis are no longer effective).

    What antibiotics are prescribed for a runny nose?

    Usually, for a severe runny nose, the doctor prescribes the following medications:

    Cephalosporin group (inhibit bacteria, reduce their reproduction rate):

    From 12 to 18 years:

    Tetracycline group (antibiotic for the common cold, which inhibits bacteria, but prevents the formation of protein in the body):

    From 0 to 8 years, the tetracycline group is contraindicated.

    Aminoglycoside group (reduce the speed of the bacterial cell, inhibiting it).

    From 12 to 15 years:

    From 15 to 18 years:

    Antibiotics are usually used for nasal rinsing, intramuscular administration, and oral administration. These medications for the treatment of the common cold are available in the form of solutions for intramuscular injections and rinses, infestations, tablets, capsules, and suspensions. They can be both general and local. Agents for intramuscular administration are prescribed only if the infection begins to spread to internal organs and traditional therapy no longer helps.

    Contraindications for use

    Antibiotic drugs usually work very quickly. This is their main advantage. But since their effect on the body is strong, there is a large list of contraindications. Antibiotics are not prescribed if:

    • there is a pronounced allergic reaction to drugs;
    • have liver or kidney disease;
    • leukopenia was diagnosed;
    • have heart problems.

    Antibiotics are prescribed with caution to children and pregnant women.

    How are antibiotics used during pregnancy and lactation?

    Doctors do not recommend using such medications during pregnancy and lactation, as medications can have a negative effect on the fetus and the baby. Before prescribing these medications to a woman, the doctor must make sure that she is not pregnant. If avoiding antibiotics during breastfeeding is not possible, breastfeeding should be discontinued. Women should consult with a doctor before prescribing medications.

    Can antibiotics be used in childhood? You cannot treat a child on your own. It is necessary to consult a doctor who will competently assess the situation and prescribe the right drug in the right dose. Antibiotics for a child with a runny nose are prescribed as a last resort.

    For persistent runny nose in children, a course of Azithromycin is recommended.

    Side effects of medications for a runny nose:

    • gastrointestinal disorder;
    • dysbacteriosis;
    • headaches, dizziness;
    • fast fatiguability;
    • anemia;
    • allergy;
    • fungal infections.

    Due to the large list of side effects, doctors usually prescribe antibiotics only as a last resort, choosing the most gentle of them, that is, topical preparations, such as drops and sprays. Although they can also provoke allergies. Then the doctor changes the prescribed antibiotic or stops treatment with such drugs.

    Antibiotics for the runny nose for children are recommended for prolonged and severe runny nose, when there is fever, headaches, and soreness in the nose and T-zone. The doctor prescribes special antibiotic therapy using the following medications:

    Use special drops and sprays:

    • Novoimanin (actively counteracts staphylococcal infections, restores the nasal mucosa);
    • Framycetin;
    • Neomycin;
    • Isofra;
    • Polydex;
    • Bioparox.

    The timing of use and dosage of all drugs is prescribed by the doctor on a strictly individual basis. Before prescribing a course of treatment, doctors recommend that the patient undergo a series of tests, for example, a swab from the nasal mucosa for analysis and pus samples. This is necessary in order to understand which pathogens cause the infection and to determine the sensitivity of microbes to antibiotics of different groups.

    What are the rules for using antibiotics? It is necessary to start a course of treatment only if there is a temperature above 39ºC and intense purulent discharge from the nose. If there is no improvement within 10 days or there is a deterioration in the condition after a short improvement, antibiotics must be prescribed.

    When treated with antibiotics it is not recommended:

    • drink alcohol;
    • consume dairy products;
    • take medications containing aluminum, magnesium, iron and calcium;
    • take bactericidal drugs;
    • take psychotropic drugs;
    • change the time of administration and dosage of the drug;
    • eat fatty, spicy, smoked, sweet foods.

    Antibiotics reduce the effectiveness of antithrombotic drugs and contraceptives (oral). Medicines should be taken only with clean water. It is recommended to take special medications, such as Linex, to maintain bowel function. Patients prone to allergies need to take antihistamines to avoid allergies.

    All medications are taken only after consultation with the attending physician. Taking antibiotics on your own can be dangerous.

    Source: http://nosgid.ru/bolezni/nasmork/antibiotiki-u-vzroslyh

    The best antibiotics for runny nose and nasal congestion in adults and children

    Not everyone knows that taking antibiotics for a runny nose in adults is only necessary if there is a bacterial infection in the nasopharynx. In most cases, treating a runny nose with their use is not justified; it does more harm to the body than good.

    Rhinitis is often the result of allergies, bacterial infection or viruses entering the body. There are acute and chronic courses of the disease. In the acute form, complications are possible - inflammation of the paranasal sinuses (maximum, sphenoid). Antibiotics are prescribed for bacterial diseases.

    Who needs antibacterial drugs

    Antibacterial drugs are not prescribed for mild nasal congestion. These drugs do not have a suppressive effect on viruses. To treat rhinitis of viral origin, ordinary vasoconstrictor drops are used for instillation into the nose and oxolinic ointment for application to the mucous membrane.

    Weakened people are prescribed interferons and antiviral drugs. To relieve symptoms of the disease (fever, swelling of the mucous membrane), the doctor prescribes symptomatic therapy using antipyretics, antihistamines (antiallergic) medications, and physiotherapy:

    Throughout the course of the disease, salt rinses are indicated. For children and adults, pharmacies sell special medications to relieve swelling, such as Dolphin and Aqualor. When identifying the bacterial nature of rhinitis or sinusitis, taking the latest drugs with antibacterial action is justified.

    Antibiotics for rhinitis do not relieve swelling or eliminate the feeling of congestion in the sinuses. Their direct purpose is to destroy harmful bacteria and stop the process of their reproduction. The patient feels noticeable relief due to the fact that antibiotics remove the cause of the disease.

    Types of antibiotics

    Drugs can be synthetic or made from natural materials. Based on the effect they have on harmful bacteria, they are divided into two groups:

    1. Group one – bactericidal drugs. These medications are designed to destroy pathogenic microorganisms.
    2. The second group of drugs are bacteriostatic drugs. Their purpose is to suppress the growth of bacteria.

    In most cases, doctors prescribe bactericidal antibiotics to patients for a prolonged runny nose. This therapy is aimed at completely clearing the nose of infection to restore full nasal breathing.

    Types of Antibiotics

    There are narrow (local) and broad spectrum antibiotics. Antibacterial drugs with a narrow spectrum of action can affect one type of pathogen.

    The newest broad-spectrum drugs are universal and can be used against any type of bacteria.

    Before prescribing a narrowly targeted antibiotic for the common cold, the doctor sends the patient’s mucus (pus) for laboratory analysis to identify the type of pathogen. In the laboratory, they determine what types of bacteria have settled on the nasal mucosa (sinuses) and their sensitivity to the active substance included in the medicine.

    Types of drugs used in the treatment of inflammation in the nasopharynx and sinuses (paranasal sinuses):

    • penicillin;
    • macrolides;
    • fluoroquinols;
    • cephalosporins.

    They produce various types of medicines: injections, drops, tablets, sprays. Injections are prescribed in special cases when infectious inflammation caused by a cold spreads to the bronchi and lungs. A stuffy nose is usually treated with antibacterial sprays and drops.

    Use of local antibiotics

    Local antibacterial therapy is justified for a runny nose that is protracted, accompanied by purulent discharge and in the absence of complications. Most often prescribed for purulent discharge in an adult and severe nasal congestion in a child:

    • Polydex;
    • Isofr;
    • Fluimucil antibiotic IT.

    Polydex description

    A French drug, it contains two antibacterial substances: neomycin, polymyxin B. In addition, it contains phenylephrine, a substance that reduces swelling, and the hormone dexamethasone. Due to its composition, the medicinal product has a complex effect:

    • antibacterial;
    • anti-inflammatory;
    • decongestant;
    • vasoconstrictor.

    Polydex is prescribed for rhinitis of any form (chronic, acute), sinusitis, rhinosinusitis. There are contraindications; the product is not recommended for use by patients with a number of diseases (glaucoma, thyroid pathologies, albuminuria), expectant mothers, nursing mothers, children under 3 years of age.

    For a runny nose, adults spray Polydex 5 times a day, one dose in each nostril; for children over 2.5 years old, 3 times a day is enough.

    Isofra, description

    Manufactured in France, the active substance (framycetin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and has an inhibitory effect on various types of pathogens. Indications for use are diagnoses:

    • bacterial rhinitis;
    • sinusitis (without damage to the septum);
    • rhinosinusitis.

    There are restrictions: age (children under one year old), intolerance to components. Experts do not recommend Isofra for women during breastfeeding and pregnancy.

    Recommendations for using Isofra:

    • adults can instill one dose into each nostril 6 times a day;
    • children are instilled into the nasal passages no more than once every 8 hours.

    Fluimucil antibiotic IT

    An inhaled antibiotic is produced in Italy. Double use: instillation, inhalation. This medicine is considered the most effective in treating a runny nose with a bacterial nature. The complex action drug (antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, mucolytic) contains thiamphenicol (antibiotic), acetylcysteine ​​(mucolytic).

    An antibiotic is prescribed for identified bacterial infections, diagnoses:

    Fluimucil is strictly prohibited for patients with severe kidney and blood diseases. Pregnant women and mothers during breastfeeding cannot treat a runny nose with it. Treatment is discontinued if the patient shows signs of intolerance to thiamphenicol or acetylcysteine. Doctors allow the medicine to be used with caution in young children (under 3 years of age) and in patients with chronic diseases (ulcers, bronchial asthma, pulmonary hemorrhages).

    Treatment with fluimucil in adult patients

    The doctor prescribes inhalation or instillation. For inhalation you need 0.25 g of medicine. Instillation is carried out 2 times a day, 2 drops in each nasal canal.

    Treatment of children aged one year and older

    The dose of medication for children's inhalation is 0.125 g. It is permissible to give a child 2 inhalations per day. Instill 1-2 drops into the nostrils of children over 1 year old up to 2 times a day.

    Features of the use of systemic antibiotics

    The use of systemic antibiotics helps if the paranasal sinuses are inflamed. There is abundant purulent discharge, headaches, pain in the frontal and maxillary sinuses, high temperature (39 and above). Antibiotics may be required if there is a sharp deterioration in the patient’s well-being during long-term treatment (7-14 days) of a runny nose. Antibiotics for a runny nose in a child are prescribed in especially severe cases.

    The most popular tablets against nasal infections:

    Tablets for sinusitis

    It is necessary to note the peculiarities of the use of antibiotics in the treatment of sinusitis. Therapy for chronic forms of the disease includes the use of local dosage forms (sprays, antibacterial drops). Acute sinusitis is treated with tablets:

    Sumamed is taken in short courses, duration of treatment is no more than 5 days. The medicine is effective for infections of various origins. Plus the drugs have a low percentage of side effects.

    Flemoxin Solutab begins to act quickly, the required concentration of the active substance in the blood occurs 2 hours after taking the tablets. The antibiotic inhibits many types of bacteria.

    Avelox is a potent drug, it is prescribed to adult patients with an acute form of infectious sinusitis, it acts on all types of bacteria, without exception. Tablets (injections) of this medicine are usually prescribed if therapy with other forms of treatment does not give a positive result.

    Side effect

    The patient needs urgent consultation with a specialist if, while using an antibacterial agent, he experiences the following manifestations:

    • loose stools;
    • vomit;
    • feeling of slight nausea;
    • rash, itching and other manifestations of allergies;
    • poor appetite.

    Conclusion

    When taking antibiotics for nasal congestion, you must strictly follow the recommendations of your doctor. It is unacceptable to exceed the dosage or stop taking it before the end of the course. You can stop treatment with the prescribed drug only if side effects occur.

    Before taking harmful antibiotics, I recommend using Loromax, it won’t hurt your pocket. The product is based on natural ingredients and is not addictive. both adults and children.

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    All information provided is subject to mandatory consultation with your attending physician!

    Source: http://viplor.ru/nos/rinit/antibiotiki-pri-nasmorke-u-vzroslyh

    9 honest groups of antibiotics in the treatment of complications of the common cold in adults and children

    Rhinitis (runny nose) is an inflammatory process that affects the nasal mucosa. Rhinitis can be viral, allergic, bacterial, vasomotor, drug-induced, reflex, etc. Acute and chronic rhinitis are also distinguished.

    Acute rhinitis is accompanied by damage to the entire nasal mucosa. The disease is often complicated by the involvement of the mucous membranes of the paranasal sinuses in the inflammatory process. Most often, the mucous membrane of the ethmoid labyrinth is damaged (ethmoiditis occurs) and the maxillary sinuses (sinusitis).

    Chronic rhinitis is accompanied by damage to the mucous membranes lining the inferior turbinates and the anterior sections of the nose. Unlike acute rhinitis, chronic rhinitis is less often accompanied by the transition of the inflammatory process to the mucous membranes of the middle and upper nasal concha.

    Antibiotics for runny nose in adults and children: when are they prescribed?

    There is no treatment for common viral runny nose with antibiotics in adults and children. Antibacterial drugs do not act on viruses, so their use is not advisable.

    For the treatment of viral, uncomplicated rhinitis, vasoconstrictor nasal drops and oxolinic ointment are used; if necessary, interferons and antiviral agents can be used. To reduce intoxication, drinking plenty of warm water is recommended. Symptomatic therapy consists of prescribing antipyretics (if the temperature rises above 38 0 C) and antihistamines (if there is severe swelling of the mucous membrane).

    Physiotherapy (Ural irradiation, UHF, magnetic therapy) can also be used. After reducing the swelling of the mucous membrane, rinsing the nose with saline solutions, preparations such as Dolphin, Aqualor, Aqua Maris, etc. is effective.

    The course of viral rhinitis is conventionally divided into four stages:

    • irritation - lasts from one to three days (the appearance of serous, watery, profuse discharge, constant sneezing, discomfort in the nose);
    • exudation - lasts from two to four days (the stage of thicker, mucous discharge);
    • thick discharge – the stage of yellowish, viscous discharge, usually lasts from two to three days;
    • convalescence or development of complications.

    Systemic antibiotics for nasal congestion are not prescribed if there is no bacterial sinusitis (sinusitis, ethmoiditis, frontal sinusitis, sphenoiditis), rhinosinusitis (rhinitis in combination with sinusitis) or other complications. Antibiotics do not reduce mucosal swelling or improve sinus aeration. These drugs act directly on the bacterial pathogen, destroying it or preventing its reproduction. That is, the rapid improvement in well-being while taking antibacterial drugs is due to the fact that antibiotics destroy the cause of inflammation - pathogenic bacteria.

    As a result, within 1-2 days the severity of clinical symptoms decreases: the temperature decreases, intoxication symptoms disappear (muscle and joint aches, lethargy, etc.).

    Antibiotics for prolonged purulent runny nose can be prescribed as part of combined drops or sprays (Polydex with phenylephrine, Fluimucil antibiotic IT, etc.). Due to the combined composition, these agents are not only antibacterial, but also vasoconstrictor, decongestant, mucolytic, anti-inflammatory, etc. action.

    Complications of acute rhinitis

    Systemic antibiotics for the treatment of rhinitis are prescribed precisely when complications develop. In children under three years of age, sinusitis practically does not occur, however, acute rhinitis in children can be complicated by otitis media. In adults, rhinitis is more often complicated by sinusitis. Also, mucus draining down the back wall of the throat can cause pharyngitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis, and bronchitis.

    The development of bacterial complications is indicated by the “second wave” of the disease. That is, after improvement occurs, the temperature rises again, intoxication symptoms appear, and symptoms specific to the developed complication appear.

    With otitis media, there is pain and a feeling of fullness in the ear, and hearing loss. Young children become capricious, refuse to eat, and hold their ears.

    With sinusitis, headaches appear that get worse when bending over, purulent discharge from the nasal passages, congestion, and a feeling of fullness in the bridge of the nose. With sinusitis, pain can radiate to the upper jaw and teeth.

    Pharyngitis is characterized by sore throat, sore and dry mucous membranes, and a reflex cough. The mucous membrane of the throat takes on a bright red tint. You can often notice viscous purulent mucus running down the back wall. Regional lymph nodes (cervical, submandibular, occipital) are often enlarged.

    Tonsillitis is accompanied by enlargement of the tonsils and the appearance of white, purulent plaques, pain in the throat, aggravated by swallowing. There is also an increase in the cervical and submandibular lymph nodes.

    The addition of bronchitis is indicated by a cough, first dry, then with the addition of sputum.

    Local antibiotics for runny nose in children and adults: names and brief overview

    For severe and prolonged purulent runny nose, without the development of sinusitis and other complications, local antibacterial therapy can be used.

    Fluimucil antibiotic IT

    The cost of the drug, produced by the Italian company Zambon, is 780 rubles.

    The most effective is the inhaled antibiotic Fluimucil antibiotic IT. It can be used either in the form of drops or through a nebulizer.

    Fluimucil antibiotic it

    The drug contains the synthetic antibiotic thiamphenicol (a group of amphinecols) and the mucolytic acetylcysteine. Due to the combined composition, in addition to a pronounced antibacterial effect on a wide range of pathogens, the product has powerful mucolytic and anti-inflammatory effects.

    The drug can be used for bacterial rhinitis, sinusitis, laryngotracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, etc.

    By inhalation, adults are prescribed 0.25 g of the solution, when using Fluimucil drip - 2-4 drops. The product is used 1-2 times a day.

    Antibiotic for the common cold for children and adolescents:

    • inhalation, for children over 1 year of age, 0.125 g one to two times a day, depending on the severity of the disease;
    • Fluimucil antibiotic IT can be dripped into the nose from the 1st year, 1-2 drops.

    Contraindications to the use of the drug are divided into absolute and relative.

    The absolute restrictions on the use of the drug are:

    • blood diseases, inhibition of bone marrow hematopoiesis;
    • severe damage to the kidneys and liver, accompanied by impairment of their functions;
    • lactation;
    • intolerance to thiamphenicol or acetylcysteine.

    Relative restrictions (that is, the drug can be prescribed according to strict indications) are;

    • phenylketonuria;
    • arterial hypertension;
    • age up to three years;
    • pregnancy;
    • pathology of esophageal veins;
    • stomach and duodenal ulcers;
    • bronchus. asthma;
    • history of pulmonary hemorrhage.

    Isofra

    The cost of the means of production of the French pharmaceutical company Bouchard Laboratory is 320 rubles.

    Main active ingredient: antibiotic of the aminoglycoside class - framycetin.

    The drug has a powerful antibacterial effect against a wide range of pathogens. Isofra can be used for bacterial rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, sinusitis (provided that there is no damage to the septum).

    Isofra is not prescribed for the treatment of children under one year of age, patients with individual intolerance to aminoglycosides, pregnant or breastfeeding women.

    For adults, it is recommended to take 1 dose in each nasal passage four to six times a day.

    An antibiotic for a runny nose for children is prescribed 1 dose every eight hours.

    Polydexa

    The cost of the means of production of the French pharmaceutical company Bouchard Laboratory is 330 rubles.

    The product includes:

    • antibiotics polymyxin B (polymyxin class) and neomycin (aminoglycosides);
    • anticongestant (decongestant) phenylephrine;
    • hormone - dexamethasone.

    Due to the combined composition, the drug has not only an antibacterial, but also a pronounced anti-inflammatory, vasoconstrictor and decongestant effect.

    Polydexa can be used for acute and chronic rhinitis, rhinopharyngitis and sinusitis.

    Contraindications to its use are:

    • angle-closure glaucoma;
    • pregnancy and breastfeeding;
    • children up to 2.5 years old
    • albuminuria;
    • individual intolerance to components;
    • thyroid dysfunction.

    Adults are recommended to use Polydex three to five times a day (1 spray). For children from 2.5 to fifteen years old, it is prescribed three times a day.

    Systemic antibiotic therapy

    Augmentin

    Augmentin for a runny nose is prescribed in the presence of bacterial complications (sinusitis, otitis media, tonsillitis, bronchitis, etc.).

    The drug is produced by the British pharmaceutical company Glaxo Smith Klein. Cost 20 tab. 375 mg - 250 rubles; 14 tab. 652 mg – 330 rubles; 14 tab. 1 g - 320 rubles.

    The main active ingredient of Augmentin is the semi-synthetic penicillin Amoxicillin, enhanced with the inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamases, clavulanic acid.

    The product is active against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, including strepto- and staphylococci (methicillin-sensitive), Haemophilus influenzae, enterococci, clostridia, Moraxella, Escherichia, Corynebacteria, etc.

    Other drugs amoxicillin + clavulanic acid:

    • Arlet (produced by the Russian pharmaceutical company Synthesis AKOMP. Price 14 tablets of 625 mg - 330 rubles, 14 tablets of 1 g - 410 rubles);
    • Panklav (a drug produced by the Serbian pharmaceutical company Hemofarm. Cost 20 tablets of 625 mg - 460 rubles, 14 tablets of 1 g - 380 rubles);
    • Ecoclave (produced by the Russian company ABVA RUS. Cost 15 tablets of 375 mg - 200 rubles, 15 tablets of 625 - 300 rubles, 14 tablets of 1 g - 340 rubles).

    Sumamed

    The drug is produced by the Israeli pharmaceutical company Pliva Hrvatska. The cost of packaging is 3 tablets. 500 mg is 580 rubles.

    The main active ingredient of Sumamed is azithromycin (a macrolide antibiotic).

    The advantages of azithromycin over other antibiotics include its good tolerability, low incidence of undesirable effects, and the possibility of use in short courses due to its prolonged action.

    The antibiotic has a wide spectrum of action, including streptococci and staphylococci, chlamydia, mycoplasma, gonococci, meningococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella, Listeria, Legionella, etc.

    Other azithromycin preparations (3 tablets of 500 mg):

    • Ecomed of the Russian campaign ABVA RUS. Price, rub.;
    • Hemomycin from the Serbian company Hemofarm. Price, rub.;
    • Azithromycin from the Russian company Pharmstandard. Price 110 rub.

    Suprax

    The drug cefixime (3rd generation cephalosporin) from the Indian campaign Astella. The cost of 6 capsules of 400 mg is 740 rubles.

    Cefixime is resistant to bacterial beta-lactamases and has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action, including streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Proteus, Escherichia, gonococci, Klebsiella, Moraxela, Serration, Shigella, Citrobacter, etc.

    Other cefixime drugs:

    Pantsef, Macedonian campaign Alkaloid. Cost of 6 tablets. 400 mgr.

    Infectious disease doctor A.L. Chernenko

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