Antibiotics for laryngotracheitis in adults

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Laryngotracheitis - causes, signs, symptoms and treatment of laryngotracheitis in adults

Laryngotracheitis is an inflammatory disease with combined damage to the larynx and trachea, the occurrence of which is caused by a viral or bacterial infection.

Table of contents:

The inflammation first affects the larynx and gradually spreads to the trachea. At this moment, characteristic symptoms of the disease appear - voice changes, pain in the larynx, regional lymphadenitis, etc.

In the article we will look in more detail at what it is, what the first signs and symptoms are in adults, as well as how to treat diseases and quickly restore the body.

What is laryngotracheitis?

Laryngotracheitis is an infectious and inflammatory lesion of the larynx and trachea, accompanied by signs of acute respiratory infection. The larynx plays the role of an air-conducting and voice-forming organ, therefore, with laryngotracheitis, the vocal cords are affected and the voice changes.

The course of the disease occurs against the background of impaired voice function, severe cough with the discharge of purulent sputum, unpleasant sensations and pain in the larynx and behind the sternum, and enlarged cervical lymph nodes.

Laryngotracheitis in adults is noticeably different from that in children, and the younger the child, the more dangerous this disease is for him, since the respiratory tract of a small person will complete its formation only by the age of six or seven, and before this age they are very vulnerable.

  • According to the international classification ICD 10, laryngotracheitis refers to acute laryngitis and tracheitis with code J04.
  • In acute laryngotracheitis, inflammation of the larynx and trachea is observed simultaneously, according to ICD 10 disease code J04.2.

Classification

Based on the cause of occurrence, viral, bacterial and mixed (viral-bacterial) laryngotracheitis is distinguished. Depending on the morphological changes occurring in otolaryngology, chronic laryngotracheitis is classified into catarrhal, hypertrophic and atrophic.

According to the course of the inflammatory process, they are distinguished:

Acute laryngotracheitis

The acute form of laryngotracheitis, which must be treated at the first manifestations, occurs in parallel with a respiratory viral infection. Symptoms of the onset of the disease include coughing, difficulty breathing and changes in voice.

The patient is advised to talk as little as possible, protecting the inflamed ligaments. To avoid aphonia (complete loss of voice), it is recommended to limit speech extremely for a while. How long the “silent” period will last depends on the condition of the ligaments.

Chronic laryngotracheitis

Chronic laryngotracheitis - this form lasts for years, sometimes exacerbating, sometimes subsiding. Usually people with “chronicles” (inflammation of the larynx and trachea) are well aware of their illness, because it constantly keeps them in fear of an exacerbation, so they try to take care as much as possible: dress warmly, do not drink cold champagne, do not indulge in ice cream on a hot day and etc.

Causes

The cause of laryngotracheitis can be isolated inflammation of the larynx - laryngitis, but more often this disease is concomitant and is caused by infections of the nasal sinuses and respiratory tract.

In 90% of cases, the disease is a complication of ARVI, influenza, adenoviruses or parainfluenza. Rarely, pathology is diagnosed with chickenpox, measles, rubella or scarlet fever.

The disease often occurs with decreased immunity separately as laryngitis and tracheitis, but since the symptoms are often related, they are not separated.

The culprit for the development of laryngotracheitis is an infection, most often viral:

The main causes of laryngotracheitis are:

  • respiratory viral infections (influenza virus, parainfluenza and adenovirus are especially dangerous),
  • bacterial lesions (streptococcal or staphylococcal, tuberculosis),
  • mycoplasma lesions,
  • herpes lesions,
  • allergic reasons,
  • chemical agents.

The risk of developing the disease is higher in people suffering from chronic systemic diseases (diabetes, gastritis, hepatitis), lesions of the respiratory system, ranging from sinusitis to bronchial asthma.

Symptoms of laryngotracheitis

Symptoms of laryngotracheitis usually appear when a person already feels unwell and has diagnosed himself with an acute respiratory infection:

  • Body temperature has risen, headache;
  • In the throat - sore, sore, scratchy, sore;
  • It is not possible to swallow habitually and naturally; it requires some effort.

As the cough progresses, the cough turns from dry to wet, the patient begins to cough up mucus, which becomes more and more liquid every day. As you recover, your normal voice returns, and the soreness and other unpleasant sensations gradually disappear.

Symptoms of chronic and acute laryngotracheitis may differ. The acute form occurs with more pronounced symptoms, but after the end of the disease they completely disappear.

A serious danger with laryngotracheitis is laryngeal stenosis. With this phenomenon, the access of air to the lungs is completely or largely stopped as a result of severe narrowing of the larynx.

With the stenotic form, three stages of development are observed:

  • Compensated stenosis – barking cough, shortness of breath, hoarseness, noise when breathing;
  • Incomplete compensation – flaring of the nostrils, noises are heard in the distance;
  • Decompensated stenosis – weak breathing, cold sweat, insomnia, coughing attacks, pale skin.

Symptoms of acute laryngotracheitis

Acute laryngotracheitis manifests itself against the background of ARVI, beginning acutely or gradually. There are:

  • a sharp rise in temperature,
  • sore throat,
  • soreness behind the sternum,
  • rough, dry cough with pain,
  • the cough has a croaking or barking character due to severe swelling and spasm of the vocal cords,
  • when coughing, the pain in the chest intensifies,
  • coughing attacks occur when laughing, deep breathing, inhaling dusty or cold air,
  • a small amount of thick and viscous sputum is released,
  • hoarseness or hoarseness in the voice,
  • discomfort in the larynx with dryness, burning.

The brightness of the symptoms of laryngotracheitis fades somewhat as the disease becomes chronic, the patient feels better or worse and associates the deterioration of the condition with certain life situations (pregnancy, menstruation, menopause, cold, vocal strain, time of day).

Symptoms of the chronic form

Chronic laryngotracheitis is manifested by the following symptoms:

  • headache;
  • sore throat;
  • decreased performance;
  • the patient has a feeling of a lump in the throat;
  • voice changes.

If a person is silent for a long time and needs to clear his throat before starting a conversation, this is a sign of chronic laryngotracheitis.

Complications

Narrowing of the lumen of the trachea and larynx is a dangerous phenomenon, since the mucous membrane swells, the muscles spasm, the secretion of the glands of the bronchial and tracheal mucosa increases, and thick mucopurulent discharge makes breathing difficult. A characteristic barking cough appears. If inflammation spreads to the vocal cords, voice formation is impaired.

The consequences include the transition of the inflammatory process to the lower respiratory tract, which leads to bronchitis or pneumonia.

Laryngotracheitis in adults should be treated only under the strict supervision of a doctor, since the disease in question is dangerous due to complications.

Diagnostics

If the above symptoms appear, you should immediately call an ambulance or go to a medical facility yourself. The diagnosis can be established during a personal examination, as well as based on the characteristic symptoms of the pathology that appear in an adult or child.

During the diagnosis and examination of the laryngeal mucosa, the otolaryngologist determines the form of pathology:

  • catarrhal - manifested by swelling and redness of the vocal cords and tracheal mucosa;
  • atrophic – typical for smokers and people whose profession requires frequent contact with dust. The mucous membrane becomes thin and dry;
  • hyperplastic – characterized by the appearance of areas of mucosal proliferation, which leads to breathing problems and changes in voice.

Laboratory tests are carried out:

  • general blood analysis,
  • general urine analysis,
  • bacteriological examination of sputum,
  • if technically possible, serological tests for respiratory viruses.

Treatment of laryngotracheitis in adults

In most cases, treatment of laryngotracheitis is carried out on an outpatient basis. Cases of false croup may require hospitalization.

The main goal of therapy is to eliminate the pathogen and reduce swelling. For this purpose, antimicrobial and antibacterial drugs, as well as antiviral agents, are prescribed.

First aid

First aid to a patient with laryngotracheitis is provided as follows:

  • you need to take any allergy medicine (suprastin, diazolin, diphenhydramine, loratadine) in double dosage and an antispasmodic (no-spa, papaverine), as well as any medicine for elevated body temperature, if any (paracetamol, ibuprofen, aspirin).
  • You should also ventilate the room and humidify the air. To do this, just place a saucepan with hot water or a hot decoction of herbs (chamomile, breast tea) indoors.

Medications

Laryngotracheitis in its simple form should be treated with drugs aimed at eliminating its causative agent.

  1. In case of inflammation of a viral nature, the patient is prescribed antiviral drugs and drugs that stimulate the immune system. For example, Arbidol, Ingavirin, Interferon and so on.
  2. For bacterial inflammation, antibiotics are prescribed - Sumamed, Azithromycin
  3. Antihistamines (Suprastin, Diazolin, Zodak, Cetirizine) are prescribed if laryngotracheitis is caused by seasonal allergies, as well as with severe swelling of the larynx to reduce it.
  4. antipyretic medications such as Nurofen or Paracetamol. They also have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects;
  5. nasal drops with a vasoconstrictor effect (Lazorina, Nazivina).
  6. Antitussives or expectorants. For a dry, unproductive cough, antitussive drugs are prescribed (Codelac, Stoptussin), and for sputum production, expectorants (ACC, Mucaltin, Ambrobene, etc.).

For the treatment of chronic diseases, immunomodulatory agents are used (for example, “Broncho-munal”, “Immunal”, “Likopid”), as well as carbocesteine, vitamin C and other multivitamin complexes. In addition, the patient is referred to physiotherapeutic procedures, namely medicinal electrophoresis, UHF, inductothermy and massage.

Inhalations for laryngotracheitis

Treatment of laryngotracheitis necessarily includes inhalation with a nebulizer or steam inhaler. Inhalations help drugs enter the trachea, leading to their maximum concentration at the site of inflammation.

Procedures are prohibited from using devices if:

  • the temperature rose beyond 38 0 C;
  • periodic nosebleeds;
  • the patient suffers from severe cardiovascular diseases, a certain type of arrhythmia;
  • bronchial asthma worsened;
  • breathing is impaired;
  • the child is under 12 months old;
  • laryngotracheitis is severe;
  • there is hypersensitivity to the ingredients of medications.

The nebulizer is filled with pharmaceutical medications, the use of which is permitted by the instructions for the device. The following procedures may apply:

  • Lazolvan, Ambrobene. The products soften coughs and thin mucus. The medication is combined with saline solution in a 1:1 ratio. The dose is prescribed by the doctor, taking into account the patient’s age.
  • You can also do inhalations using a nebulizer with a simple saline solution or alkaline mineral water: they soften the throat, help the mucus thin and expectorate. Typically, recovery with the right approach to therapy occurs within 5-10 days.

Correct implementation of the procedure requires compliance with the following general instructions for inhalation with a nebulizer:

  1. at least half an hour should pass between any physical activity and the procedure;
  2. inhalations are performed either two hours after a meal, or half an hour before a meal;
  3. Regardless of the drug used, it is recommended to perform the procedure 2-3 times a day, the duration of each of them should be 5-10 minutes;
  4. Despite the fact that when using a nebulizer it is impossible to get burns to the larynx when inhaling, it is necessary to inhale the medicine in small portions to avoid spasms.

Inhalations for inflammation of the pharynx and trachea are an auxiliary but effective method of treatment. The main thing is to follow the doctor’s recommendations and not self-medicate.

Physiotherapeutic procedures

Physiotherapeutic procedures are indicated for patients with laryngotracheitis:

  • electrophoresis of potassium iodide, calcium chloride, hyaluronidase to the larynx area;
  • laser treatment;
  • endolaryngeal phonophoresis;
  • microwave therapy.

People suffering from laryngotracheitis need:

  • drink plenty of warm liquids;
  • provide air humidity;
  • keep your vocal cords at rest, talk as little as possible;
  • drink warm milk in small portions;
  • gargle with medicinal herbs;
  • apply compresses, mustard plasters;
  • The desired treatment effect can be achieved using foot baths.

Surgery

Indicated in some cases of chronic hypertrophic laryngotracheitis, when drug therapy does not give the desired effect and there is a threat of malignant neoplasm.

Surgery may involve removing cysts, eliminating ventricular prolapse, excision of excess tissue of the larynx and vocal cords. The operations are performed endoscopically using microsurgical techniques.

The prognosis for laryngotracheitis is favorable, however, in people whose profession involves singing or long conversations, laryngotracheitis can impair voice formation and cause prof. unsuitability.

How to treat with folk remedies

  1. Ginger, honey and lemon. A tasty and healthy medicine that can be taken during the cold season for prevention. You need to grate the ginger, chop the lemon along with the peel, and then add natural honey. Take 1-2 spoons per day, you can add it to warm tea.
  2. You can use onions in the form of a decoction. For adults, you need to cut one onion and grind it with two small spoons of sugar, then add water (250 ml). Boil until a thick mass is obtained, and take a teaspoon every hour during the day.
  3. To gargle, use a tablespoon mixture of eucalyptus leaves and chamomile flowers, add boiling water and leave in a thermos for two hours.
  4. Potato juice has a good effect: grate the potatoes and squeeze out the juice (you can use a juicer), add it to warm water for rinsing.
  5. Combine licorice root and fennel fruits, crushed leaves of coltsfoot and marshmallow in equal proportions. Pour 300 ml of boiling water over a teaspoon of the mixture and let it cool. After infusion, the resulting decoction should be drunk 4 times a day, 70 ml.

Prevention

Preventive measures become effective during the recovery stage, as well as in the period before the disease:

  • Use vitamins as the basis for preventive measures;
  • Perform physical and breathing exercises;
  • harden;
  • Avoid hypothermia;
  • Treat any infectious diseases of the body in a timely manner;
  • Get checked by a doctor periodically.

On average, provided that comprehensive, complete treatment of laryngotracheitis is carried out, the disease ends with complete recovery of the patient in about a day.

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Laryngotracheitis

Laryngotracheitis is an infectious and inflammatory lesion of the larynx and trachea, accompanied by signs of acute respiratory infection.

In adults, laryngotracheitis is manifested by breathing problems and a painful cough, and in children it can manifest itself as signs of a serious complication - false croup.

Causes

Laryngotracheitis usually develops in children, although adults can also get sick. Often, laryngotracheitis is a complication of an acute respiratory infection or occurs when the immune defense is reduced either in the respiratory system or in the entire body. The diseases can occur separately - laryngitis or tracheitis, but usually, due to the structural features of the organs, they occur together and give similar clinical manifestations.

The main causes of laryngotracheitis are:

  • respiratory viral infections (influenza, parainfluenza and adenovirus are especially dangerous),
  • bacterial lesions (streptococcal or staphylococcal, tuberculosis),
  • mycoplasma lesions,
  • herpes lesions,
  • allergic reasons,
  • chemical agents.

Provoking factors for the development of laryngotracheitis are:

  • inhalation of dusty and polluted air.
  • anguished cry,
  • loud singing,
  • smoking, alcohol,
  • symptoms of general hypothermia or freezing feet.

Development mechanism

The trachea acts as an air-conducting tube, and during inflammation, swelling may occur in the area of ​​its mucous membrane. This leads to the formation of content that is difficult to separate, irritating the receptors and disrupting the conduction of air masses.

The larynx, in addition to its air-conducting function, also plays the role of a voice-forming element. Due to the vocal cords. Air flows and vibrations of the ligaments create a certain sound heard by the ear.

With inflammation, the vocal cords become damaged and swell, and the area of ​​the peri-ligamentous tissue begins to accumulate fluid and compress the area of ​​the larynx.

A complication may occur - false croup (swelling with compression of the respiratory tract and suffocation).

Classification

There are acute and chronic laryngotracheitis. Acute laryngotracheitis is divided into

  • primary, which is detected for the first time,
  • recurrent, occurring repeatedly, due to the occurrence of colds or the influence of unfavorable factors.

Primary acute laryngotracheitis can have three course options:

  • sudden laryngotracheitis without signs of acute respiratory infections,
  • acutely occurring, against the background of an existing acute respiratory infection,
  • gradually arising as a complication of colds.

The course of acute laryngotracheitis can be continuous or wavy.

Chronic laryngotracheitis occurs when acute treatment is improper or in the absence of treatment. Often occurs due to professional overstrain of the ligaments.

There are three forms of the disease:

  • catarrhal, in which there is redness and some swelling in the area of ​​the vocal cords and trachea
  • atrophic, gradual atrophy occurs in the area of ​​the mucous membrane, due to which it loses its protective properties and becomes inflamed. Often occurs in smokers and coal mine workers, people working in dusty areas
  • hyperplastic, the growth of areas or the entire mucosal zone in the trachea and larynx is manifested, as a result breathing and voice suffer

Manifestations of acute laryngotracheitis

Acute laryngotracheitis manifests itself against the background of ARVI, beginning acutely or gradually. There are:

  • a sharp rise in temperature,
  • sore throat,
  • soreness behind the sternum,
  • rough, dry cough with pain,
  • the cough has a croaking or barking character due to severe swelling and spasm of the vocal cords,
  • when coughing, the pain in the chest intensifies,
  • coughing attacks occur when laughing, deep breathing, inhaling dusty or cold air,
  • a small amount of thick and viscous sputum is released,
  • hoarseness or hoarseness in the voice,
  • discomfort in the larynx with dryness, chewing.

As the process develops, the cough becomes moist, less painful, with a large amount of mucopurulent sputum.

The cervical lymph nodes may react - they become painful and enlarged. When listening to the lungs, hard breathing and dry rales are noted in the projection of the trachea.

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Symptoms of a chronic process

Chronic laryngotracheitis occurs gradually, the main symptoms are:

  • voice disorders, from mild dysphonia and hoarseness, up to complete absence of voice - aphonia,
  • coughing attacks provoked by laughter, cold or deep breathing,
  • pain in the larynx and behind the sternum,
  • Vocal fatigue may occur (with prolonged singing or talking).

Exacerbations of chronic laryngotracheitis can occur during hormonal changes in women, during hypothermia, after stress, after heavy loads on the ligaments - when screaming, singing with anguish.

In chronic laryngotracheitis, the cough is usually constant, with a small amount of sputum, and during exacerbations, coughing attacks become more frequent and there is more sputum. Against the background of a cough, there may be a feeling of itching and dryness in the trachea and larynx.

Diagnostics

The basis of the diagnosis is the patient’s typical complaints - hoarse voice, dry cough and chest pain, as well as examination and auscultation of the lungs and tracheal area.

Laboratory tests are carried out:

  • general blood analysis,
  • general urine analysis,
  • bacteriological examination of sputum,
  • if technically possible, serological tests for respiratory viruses.

The diagnosis is supplemented by microlaryngoscopy and tracheoscopy - examination of the vocal cords and larynx using a special apparatus; if necessary, X-rays and CT scans of the larynx and trachea are prescribed.

In case of chronic laryngotracheitis, it is necessary to perform laryngoscopy with taking a piece of tissue for a biopsy in order to exclude cancer, and if wheezing occurs, a chest x-ray is necessary to exclude pneumonia and bronchitis.

It is important to distinguish laryngotracheitis from a foreign body of the larynx and trachea, from diphtheria and papillomatosis of the larynx, and retropharyngeal abscesses.

*check the Federal recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of laryngotracheitis in children, in accordance with which this article was written.

Treatment of laryngotracheitis

Laryngotracheitis is treated by therapists, general practitioners or ENT doctors; in uncomplicated cases, treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis, under the supervision of a clinic doctor.

In case of an acute or aggravated chronic process, to relieve cough, it is necessary to take a large amount of warm liquids in the form of tea, compotes, you can brew chamomile, breast mixtures. The air in the room requires humidification and coolness.

With a moderate increase in body temperature and satisfactory tolerance, there is no need to bring it down, as this helps the body fight viruses; if the temperature is above 38.5ºC, you can take paracetamol or a combination remedy (for example, tera-flu or coldrex).

At the onset of the disease, it is possible to use antiviral drugs (anaferon, ergoferon) according to the scheme for 5 days. If elevated body temperature persists on the 4th day of illness, you should start taking antibacterial drugs.

Used for respiratory tract infections

  • penicillin antibiotics (amoxiclav, augmentin),
  • macrolides (sumamed, klacid),
  • in severe cases of the disease, cephalosporins can be prescribed (for example, ceftriaxone intramuscularly or intravenously).

To relieve cough with laryngotracheitis, it is necessary to carry out inhalations through a nebulizer (everyone should have this device at home and use it for the disease in both adults and children). For mild cases, you can use saline; moisturizing the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract in itself has a positive effect. If this is not enough, you can add a mucolytic (for example, Lazolvan inhalation solution).

In the acute period, with severe swelling of the respiratory tract (especially in children), it is possible to use the drug Pulmicort. It is a dosed suspension for inhalation of 2 ml (1 mg), it should be diluted with saline in a ratio of 1:1, poured into the nebulizer medication container and inhaled, then rinse your mouth with water and wash.

Mucolytics are used orally for coughs: ACC, ACC-long, combined agents (for example, Codelac-Broncho syrup with thyme)

Physiotherapeutic treatment is quite effective: electrophoresis of drugs, exposure to an ultra-high frequency (UHF) electric field, physical therapy, massage, exposure to low-intensity laser radiation on the pharynx area.

The prognosis for laryngotracheitis is favorable, however, in people whose profession involves singing or long conversations, laryngotracheitis can impair voice formation and cause prof. unsuitability.

The section on the diagnosis and treatment of laryngotracheitis is written in accordance with the Federal standard

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Source: http://www.diagnos.ru/diseases/pulmonis/laringotraheitis

How does laryngotracheitis manifest in adults and how to treat the disease?

Laryngotracheitis is considered a common disease that is often diagnosed in adults and children. This pathology is characterized by simultaneous inflammation of the mucous membranes of the larynx and trachea. This disease is infectious in nature and mainly occurs as a consequence of herpes infection or ARVI.

Characteristic symptoms of larigotracheitis are impaired vocal function, cough with mucopurulent sputum and pain in the larynx and behind the sternum. How to treat laryngotracheitis and how to avoid various complications is determined by the otolaryngologist after examining the patient.

Characteristics of the pathology

Most often, laryngotracheitis occurs as a complication of another illness.

Laryngotracheitis is considered an infectious and inflammatory disease that affects the larynx and trachea. This pathology can begin to develop as a complication of tonsillitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis or adenoids. Often the course of laryngotracheitis is complicated by the spread of the inflammatory process into the lower respiratory tract, which causes the development of pneumonia, bronchitis or bronchiolitis.

Laryngotracheitis is considered a highly contagious disease and is spread by airborne droplets. The main cause of laryngotracheitis in childhood is considered to be Haemophilus influenzae, and in adults the disease can be caused by streptococci, diphtheria bacillus or influenza viruses.

Experts say that the main cause of the development of laryngotracheitis is a virus, that is, a pathogen. At the same time, there are predisposing factors, the presence of which can provoke the development of the disease:

  • prolonged exposure to the cold
  • drinking too cold or, conversely, hot drinks
  • smoking and alcoholism
  • inhalation of polluted air with gases and dust
  • screaming too often and for a long time
  • loud hysterical singing

Acute laryngotracheitis in adults can be suspected by the appearance of the following symptoms:

  1. increase in body temperature up to 40 degrees
  2. sore throat and hoarse voice
  3. difficulty swallowing food
  4. noisy breathing with wheezing
  5. runny nose combined with nasal congestion
  6. bouts of dry cough with a small amount of sputum

In addition to the listed symptoms, general intoxication of the body is observed, that is, severe headache, feelings of weakness and muscle weakness.

In the chronic form of laryngotracheitis, the symptoms are not so pronounced and are mainly expressed in a constant feeling of a lump in the throat, increased dryness of the mucous membrane and a decrease in the tone of the voice. In addition, the patient is bothered by coughing attacks with difficult to separate sputum. In some cases, exacerbation of the disease is accompanied by the release of sputum streaked with bright scarlet blood.

Complications of the disease

Advanced laryngotracheitis can cause serious complications!

Laryngotracheitis is considered a complex and dangerous disease, which, in the absence of effective therapy, can provoke the development of many complications. If the infection penetrates from the trachea into the underlying parts of the respiratory system, this may result in the development of pneumonia and tracheobronchitis.

When the pathology becomes chronic, the risk of developing prolonged pneumonia increases, and bronchitis may develop in childhood.

Various bronchopulmonary complications that develop against the background of laryngotracheitis are accompanied by an increase in body temperature and increased intoxication of the human body.

The cough becomes more and more constant, and when the lungs are affected, diffuse dry and focal moist rales are observed.

The acute form of laryngotracheitis is characterized by the accumulation of sputum in the lumen of the larynx, and with a reflex spasm of the pharyngeal muscles in childhood, attacks of false croup may occur. With croup, there is pronounced obstruction, which can cause asphyxia and lead to death.

Chronic laryngotracheitis is characterized by constant irritation of the mucous membrane of the larynx and trachea during coughing, which can cause the formation of a benign tumor on the organ. Experts say that such a pathology in a chronic form is considered a precancerous condition, since it can provoke a malignant transformation of mucosal cells with the development of oncology.

Drug therapy

Treatment of laryngotracheitis is complex and depends on the symptoms

Treatment of laryngotracheitis is carried out under the strict supervision of a doctor, since the risk of developing various complications is too high. Mostly, the elimination of pathology is carried out on an outpatient basis, but in severe cases, hospitalization in a hospital may be required.

  • If laryngotracheitis is a consequence of acute respiratory viral infection, then antiviral drugs are prescribed, for example, Tamiflu or Rimantadine. In addition, the following drugs can be prescribed to maintain the functioning of the immune system: Viferon, Anaferon, Grippferon.
  • If the bacterial nature of the disease is confirmed, antibacterial drugs are indicated. This or that potent drug is selected taking into account the pathogen that provoked the inflammatory process, as well as its sensitivity to certain components.
  • Cough is considered a characteristic sign of laryngotracheitis, so drug therapy is aimed at eliminating it. For a dry, painful cough, medications that affect cough receptors are prescribed. The following products give a good effect: Sinekod, Stoptussin, Codelac.
  • If the patient is bothered by a cough with the formation of viscous sputum, then treatment is carried out with the help of drugs that dilute the accumulated mucus and facilitate its discharge. Most often, the following medications are selected to combat this cough: Lazolvan, marshmallow syrup, licorice root syrup.
  • Drug therapy for laryngotracheitis includes taking new generation antihistamines, for example, Erius, Zyrtec, or Zodac. With the help of such medications, it is possible to relieve tissue swelling, normalize breathing and prevent obstruction. Antihistamines are usually prescribed as oral or inhaled solutions, and in severe cases injections may be required.
  • In the event that the acute form of laryngotracheitis is accompanied by an increase in body temperature, but antipyretic drugs such as Nurofen or Paracetamol are prescribed. For stenotic disease, treatment is carried out with the help of medications that relieve laryngeal spasms. Taking drugs such as Drotaverine, Eufillin and No-shpa gives a good effect.

Other treatments

We treat laryngotracheitis with inhalation using a nebulizer - quickly and effectively!

Treatment of laryngotracheitis can be carried out using herbal inhalations or a drug such as Berodual. Inhalations can be done using a special device such as a nebulizer. It is important to remember that steam inhalations and the use of a nebulizer are contraindicated if the patient has a fever.

In addition, this procedure is recommended to be carried out in between meals, when the patient is calm and inactive. There is no need to talk during inhalation and after it is finished, do not strain your throat for at least half an hour.

Inhalations based on the following herbs give a good effect in the treatment of laryngitis:

Treatment of laryngotracheitis includes following a special diet, that is, salty, sour and spicy foods are excluded. In addition, it is important to consume as much fluid as possible, which facilitates the removal of accumulated mucus. Treatment of such a disease involves maintaining vocal rest, that is, the patient must remain silent. The fact is that even a whisper causes excessive tension in the vocal cords, which can further aggravate the patient’s condition.

More information about tracheitis can be found in the video:

Therapy for laryngotracheitis can be carried out using traditional medicine recipes:

  1. At home, you can do inhalations using onions according to the following scheme: the root vegetable should be finely chopped, poured into a container and breathed over the vapors emanating from it.
  2. In addition, you can prepare a decoction from onions by pouring 200 ml of boiling water over the crushed product. Add a little sugar to the resulting slurry, mix well and cook until thick.
  3. Honey, which can be added simply to tea or combined with medications, has a good effect in the treatment of laryngotracheitis. At home, you can combine honey with radish juice and take 5-10 ml several times a day.

Prevention of such pathology as laryngotracheitis includes the following measures:

  1. strengthen the body from a very early age
  2. take immunomodulatory drugs
  3. avoid severe hypothermia
  4. perform breathing exercises
  5. actively engage in sports
  6. prevention of ARVI and any inflammation of the larynx

Laryngotracheitis is considered a dangerous disease, but with timely diagnosis and adequate therapy, recovery occurs within 5-7 days. It is important to remember that any medications for such an illness can only be prescribed by a specialist, and it is best to refuse any self-medication.

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Antibiotics for laryngotracheitis in adults

Laryngotracheitis is a rather unpleasant and common respiratory disease. It is characterized by severe inflammation of the throat mucosa, which begins from the back wall of the larynx, and then, if left untreated, moves down and can cause various complications. Antibiotics for laryngotracheitis help quickly correct the situation, but only if they are prescribed correctly.

Causes of the disease

The most common cause of laryngotracheitis is infection. It can develop as a consequence of acute respiratory infections or acute respiratory viral infections. But sometimes the disease is provoked by more aggressive viruses, for example, chickenpox or rubella, which can affect not only children, but also adults. In this case, antiviral drugs will be a real salvation, which should be used when the first signs of the disease appear.

Bacterial infections are very diverse, but laryngotracheitis is most often provoked by staphylococci, streptococci and chlamydia. The causative agent of the disease can only be accurately determined through laboratory tests. For diagnostic purposes, bacterial culture of mucus from the throat is performed. The analysis also allows you to test microorganisms for sensitivity to various groups of drugs and select the best antibiotic.

But when an infection enters the upper respiratory tract, laryngotracheitis does not develop in everyone and not always. The causes contributing to the appearance of the disease are:

chronic respiratory diseases: rhinitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis; severe or prolonged overstrain of the vocal cords due to loud screaming or technically incorrect singing; bronchopulmonary diseases: bronchitis (acute or chronic), bronchial asthma, emphysema, cystic fibrosis; constant exposure to external irritants: polluted air, unpleasant odors, chemical fumes, etc. (for example, when working in hazardous industries); severe stress, hypothermia, overwork, vitamin deficiency, recent illnesses and surgeries and other reasons that contribute to a sharp decrease in immunity; smoking, alcohol abuse, drug use.

Often the disease cannot be cured until the provoking causes are eliminated. Treatment will bring only temporary relief, and then the disease will return again.

Main symptoms

Laryngotracheitis always begins with an acute form, with clearly defined and clearly manifested symptoms. This makes it possible to identify the disease at an early stage and begin treatment immediately. But don’t rush to use antibiotics right away. If the disease is viral in nature, they will not help, but will only further weaken the immune defense.

Therefore, it is better to consult a doctor immediately if you experience the following symptoms:

sudden and sharp increase in temperature to 38.5-39°C; acute pain in the throat that gets worse when swallowing; sharp, barking cough of a paroxysmal nature; weakness, pallor, dizziness; profuse cold sweat after a coughing attack; shortness of breath with minimal physical exertion; chest pain when taking a deep breath or coughing; hoarse or hoarse voice (sometimes complete loss of voice).

Symptoms such as chills, pain in muscles and joints, nausea, drowsiness, loss of appetite, and a sharp decrease in performance are possible, but they do not always appear - mainly when the disease is viral in nature.

After some time, the barking cough is replaced by a wet, but equally painful and paroxysmal cough. Very thick, viscous sputum accumulates in the throat, which comes off with great difficulty. This causes a feeling of constant soreness in the throat and increases inflammation of the mucous membranes.

Treatment with antibiotics

Only a doctor can prescribe an antibiotic for laryngitis, tracheitis or laryngotracheitis after receiving the results of a diagnostic examination that confirms the bacterial nature of the disease. If it turns out that the disease is of a viral nature, then you need to take antiviral drugs: Arbidol, Amizon, Anaferon, Ergoferon, etc.

The analysis will also tell the doctor which group of drugs the pathogenic bacteria that have settled in the body will react most quickly to. Patients are usually prescribed drugs from the following groups:

penicillin series: “Amoxil”, “Amoxicillin”, “Augmentin”, “Ampicillin”, etc.; cephalosporins: Cefuroxime, Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone, etc.; macrolides: Sumamed, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin, etc.

The exact name of the drug and its dosage are determined only by the doctor. The instructions and rules for taking the drug must be strictly followed. In case of an overdose, side effects easily occur and severe overload of the liver and kidneys is created.

The course of antibiotic treatment is at least 7-10 days, in severe cases it can be extended to 14 days. But noticeable improvements occur already 2-3 days after starting to take the drugs. If this does not happen, you must immediately inform your doctor. Most likely, the bacteria turned out to be resistant to this group of antibiotics and the medicine needs to be replaced.

Admission rules

Any antibiotics are potent drugs that require careful and careful handling. Therefore, when taking them, it is necessary to strictly follow not only the instructions, but also a number of other general rules:

Maintain the frequency of taking the drug - the time intervals should be equal. Observe the compatibility of the medication with food: the instructions always indicate to take the drug before or after meals. Drinking enough liquid will help quickly neutralize and remove breakdown products of medications and toxins. Completely eliminate alcohol consumption during the treatment period. Follow a diet that is gentle on the liver and kidneys: do not eat fried, fatty, spicy or very salty foods. Take the antibiotic only with clean water at room temperature. Milk and some juices can weaken the effect of the drug. Do not stop taking the drug immediately after the condition improves. The remaining bacteria will develop resistance to it and the antibiotic will not work the next time.

Antibiotics are usually prescribed in tablet form. But in severe cases, when an immediate effect is needed, the drugs are used in the form of injections.

During the injection, the drug almost immediately enters the bloodstream and begins to act. And the tablet must first dissolve, then be absorbed in the intestines, and only after that it becomes active.

In order to compensate for the negative effects of antibiotics on the intestinal microflora, probiotics are additionally prescribed. To quickly relieve a sore throat and normalize body temperature, use anti-inflammatory drugs Nurofen, Ibuprofen, Fervex, Coldrex, etc. At very high temperatures, it is recommended to take antipyretics. Antihistamines, which can also be prescribed if necessary, help relieve severe swelling of the mucous membranes.

Adjuvant therapy

But antibiotics alone, even the most effective ones, are completely insufficient for a quick cure. Therapy should be comprehensive, affecting simultaneously the cause and symptoms of the disease. Additional treatment methods used:

Inhalations. The first remedy to ease breathing, reduce pain, sore throat and swelling of the mucous membranes. The most effective are steam inhalations with soda solution, Borjomi mineral water or decoctions of medicinal herbs: chamomile, eucalyptus, sage. Inhalation lasts 7-10 minutes, and after that the throat must be at rest for at least half an hour: you cannot eat, drink, talk, or go outside. Gargling. Helps wash away the thick mucus that accumulates there from the back wall of the larynx, moisturizes the mucous membranes, and reduces irritation. For rinsing, it is better to use antiseptic solutions: furacillin, chlorophyllipt, etc. A solution of sea salt (or regular table salt with the addition of iodine) is also useful. You need to gargle at least 5-6 times a day. Mucolytic syrups. On days 3-4, a dry cough with laryngotracheitis is replaced by a wet one, as viscous mucus begins to form in the throat. Cough syrups help to effectively liquefy it and speed up elimination. “Bronholitin”, “Lazolvan”, “Ambroxol”, “Pertussin” give a good effect. You can dissolve mucaltin tablets or use medicines based on this drug. Cough lozenges. Lozenges are an excellent way to quickly relieve pain and sore throat. Many of them contain antibiotics and thus act directly on the lesion. The most commonly used are Strepsils, Faringosept, Septolete and other immunomodulators. Promote a rapid increase in the body's immune defense and help it recover faster after an illness. In this capacity, extracts of eleutherococcus, echinacea or ginseng or complex preparations, for example, “Immunal” can be used. Multivitamin complexes also provide a good general strengthening effect.

Time-tested folk remedies are good helpers: decoctions of medicinal herbs, compresses, rubbing, etc. But in combination with antibiotics, they can only be used with the permission of a doctor, so as not to reduce the effectiveness of treatment.

Only folk remedies can also cure laryngotracheitis, if it is not purulent and has not yet caused complications.

In the absence of timely and correct treatment, larygnotracheitis quickly becomes chronic and can provoke the development of serious complications, the most harmless of which is partial or complete loss of voice. It is very difficult to cure a chronic disease, since it is accompanied by atrophy of the mucous membranes, and the throat becomes inflamed more and more often, with minimal exposure to internal or external negative factors.

Acute laryngotracheitis is an inflammatory disease that combines simultaneous damage to the larynx (laryngitis) and trachea (tracheitis). Most often it occurs in the form of an additional illness that accompanies other inflammations of the respiratory tract: pharyngitis, laryngitis, adenoiditis. If treated improperly or if the disease is left to chance, it can cause the development of bronchitis and even pneumonia. How does the disease manifest itself, how and how to treat laryngotracheitis in adult patients?

Causes of the disease

The culprit for the development of laryngotracheitis is an infection, most often viral:

flu; parainfluenza; adenovirus; chicken pox; rubella; measles; ARVI.

Laryngotracheitis as a consequence of viral infection

A bacterial disease can be provoked by microorganisms living in the respiratory tract due to a combination of factors favorable for the development of infection: hypothermia, decreased immune defense, frequent relapses of acute respiratory viral infections. But most often the culprit of laryngotracheitis comes from the outside - from an infected person. It is usually transmitted by airborne droplets, but can also be transmitted by shaking hands, hugging, or using the same objects. Among the culprits you can find:

staphylococcus; chlamydia; beta-hemolytic streptococcus; pneumococcus; Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

If a person’s immunity works “as it should” and is not weakened by previous or chronic diseases and other factors, infection in most cases does not occur, or treatment of laryngotracheitis in adult, previously healthy patients will be much easier.

The risk of developing the disease is higher in people suffering from chronic systemic diseases (diabetes, gastritis, hepatitis), lesions of the respiratory system, ranging from sinusitis to bronchial asthma. The disease can also “break out” due to constant contact with irritating substances, inhalation of dust and chemical compounds, under unfavorable parameters of the surrounding airspace, for example, stifling heat, too low or high humidity, negative temperatures.

People who constantly work on duty with their voice and are forced to strain their ligaments every day are most often susceptible to chronic laryngitis and laryngotracheitis. Smoking is also an extremely favorable factor for the development of inflammation.

Classification

Depending on the duration of the disease, acute (from 7 days to 4 weeks) and chronic (from a couple of months to many years) forms of laryngotracheitis are distinguished. Chronic damage to the larynx and trachea occurs with periods of attenuation of symptoms and exacerbations, which usually occur in the off-season and winter.

Based on changes in mucous tissues, experts also distinguish three types of disease:

Catarrhal. Hypertrophic Atrophic.

Another classification is related to the causative agent of the disease. Laryngotracheitis can be viral, bacterial, or mixed, when a bacterial infection is mixed with viral inflammation.

Symptoms

In the overwhelming majority of cases, signs of acute inflammation of the trachea and larynx occur against the background of respiratory inflammation, which is characterized by increased body temperature, discharge from the nasal cavity, coughing, sore throat and other usual phenomena.

The cough becomes rough and dry; experts call it “barking” or “croaking.” Intense coughing shocks are often accompanied by distinct pain in the chest. Most often, attacks occur at night or in the morning after waking up. Taking a deep breath, laughing, dusty air, and bright, irritating smells can all trigger an episode of painful coughing.

Painful cough with laryngotracheitis

The voice changes: the timbre becomes lower, hissing is added, and in difficult cases, temporary aphonia may develop. The patient is bothered by a sore and burning sensation in the throat, a desire to cough, and sometimes there may be a sensation of a foreign object.

As the cough progresses, the cough turns from dry to wet, the patient begins to cough up mucus, which becomes more and more liquid every day. As you recover, your normal voice returns, and the soreness and other unpleasant sensations gradually disappear.

Chronic laryngotracheitis is characterized by constant or regular disturbances in vocal function, frequent cough with a small amount of pathological discharge, and discomfort in the throat. During exacerbations, the cough becomes paroxysmal, and the voice undergoes even greater changes. The patient feels tired even after a short conversation.

Diagnosis and treatment

The diagnosis is made based on complaints and visible symptoms of laryngotracheitis. Treatment in adults, just like in children, depends, first of all, on the root cause of the disease. To identify the culprits, laboratory and instrumental examination methods are used in conjunction with visual examination and auscultation methods. To begin successful therapy, it is necessary to accurately confirm that the patient suffers from laryngotracheitis, and not from other ailments that are similar in symptoms and clinical picture (diphtheria, foreign body, papillomatosis, tumor processes, etc.).

At an appointment with an otolaryngologist

Acute uncomplicated laryngotracheitis can be cured on an outpatient basis or even at home, but only after a medical examination and examination. The patient is prescribed symptomatic therapy:

frequent warm drinks; being in a room with cool and humidified air; use antipyretics and nasal vasoconstrictors as needed; limiting the load on the vocal cords; carrying out inhalation therapy to soften sputum and moisturize mucous membranes; smoking cessation, including avoiding passive contact with tobacco smoke.

Antibiotics for laryngotracheitis in adults are prescribed only for bacterial or mixed course of the disease, since these drugs are powerless against viruses.

Antiviral drugs aimed at combating acute respiratory viral infections, alas, are drugs with unproven effects, with the exception of anti-influenza medications. Therefore, their use from the point of view of evidence-based practice is inappropriate, however, a psychotherapeutic effect of the “placebo” type is quite possible. In the case of a viral disease, the patient is provided with symptomatic assistance, alleviating the condition until recovery.

Medicines for laryngotracheitis

To relieve cough in the treatment of acute laryngotracheitis in adults, mucolytic and expectorant drugs can be used, which are designed to dilute sputum and stimulate its excretion. In case of chronic course with frequent irritating cough, especially at night, short-term prescription of antitussive drugs is possible.

Under no circumstances should expectorant and antitussive medications be used simultaneously: such tactics will certainly lead to the development of complications.

In complex cases occurring against the background of the proliferation of mucous tissues, the formation of cysts and other pathological processes occurring in the trachea and larynx, surgical intervention is indicated.

Treatment at home

At home, symptomatic therapy will help to cope with inflammation of the trachea and larynx, which invariably includes copious absorption of warm liquid, inhalation of moist air and other standard methods of helping with acute respiratory viral infections.

Steam inhalations are effective, but it is advisable to be wary of various kinds of “supplements” in the form of essential oils or herbal infusions: allergization of the body will only add problems and can provoke stenosis.

Replacing medical recommendations with folk remedies is irrational and obviously dangerous, since most of the components used in such practice are of plant origin. And this can cause the development of severe allergic reactions. In addition, some methods are based on the use of aggressive substances that can cause burns to the mucous membranes.

Source: http://net-prostuda.ru/2017/11/04/antibiotiki-pri-laringotraheite-u-vzroslyh/