Zinnat 250 suspension

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ZINNAT

Granules for the preparation of a suspension for oral administration in the form of grains of irregular shape, of various sizes, but not more than 3 mm, white or almost white; when diluted, a white to light yellow suspension with a characteristic fruity odor is formed.

Table of contents:

Excipients: stearic acid mg, sucrose - 3.062 g, tutti-frutti flavor mg, acesulfame potassium - 21 mg, aspartame - 21 mg, povidone Kmg, xanthan gum - 1 mg.

1.25 g - dark glass bottles (1) complete with a dosing spoon and measuring cup - cardboard packs.

Cefuroxime axetil is a precursor to cefuroxime, which is a second generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Cefuroxime is active against a wide range of pathogens, including strains that produce β-lactamases. Cefuroxime is resistant to bacterial β-lactamases and is therefore effective against ampicillin-resistant or amoxicillin-resistant strains.

The bactericidal effect of cefuroxime is associated with the suppression of bacterial cell wall synthesis as a result of binding to the main target proteins.

In vitro, cefuroxime is active against the following microorganisms: gram-negative aerobes - Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains), Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae (including strains that produce and do not produce penicillinase), Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis , Providencia spp., Providencia rettgeri; gram-positive aerobes - Staphylococcus aureus (including penicillinase-producing strains, but excluding methicillin-resistant strains), Staphylococcus epidermidis (including penicillinase-producing strains, but excluding methicillin-resistant strains), Streptococcus pyogenes and other beta-hemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus group B (Streptococcus agalactiae); anaerobes - gram-positive and gram-negative cocci (including Peptococcus spp. and Peptostreptococcus spp.), gram-positive rods (including Clostridium spp., except Clostridium difficile, Propionibacterium spp.), gram-negative rods (including Bacteroides spp. and Fusobacterium spp.), gram-negative spirochetes ( Borrelia burgdorferi).

The following microorganisms are not sensitive to cefuroxime: Clostridium difficile, Pseudomonas spp., Campylobacter spp., Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Listeria monocytogenes, methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Legionella spp., Enterococcus faecalis, Morganella morganii, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter spp. , Citrobacter spp., Serratia spp., Bacteroides fragilis.

After oral administration, cefuroxime axetil is slowly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and rapidly hydrolyzed in the intestinal mucosa and blood to release cefuroxime. Cefuroxime axetil is optimally absorbed when taken immediately after meals.

After taking the suspension, C max of cefuroxime (2-3 mg/l for a dose of 125 mg and 4-6 mg/l for a dose of 250 mg) are observed approximately 2-3 hours after taking the drug after meals.

The binding of cefuroxime to plasma proteins is 33-50%.

Cefuroxime crosses the blood-brain barrier, crosses the placenta and is excreted in breast milk.

Cefuroxime is not metabolized in the body.

Excreted by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Serum levels of cefuroxime decrease with dialysis.

Treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to the drug:

- infections of the upper respiratory tract, ENT organs (sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, otitis media);

- lower respiratory tract infections (acute bacterial bronchitis and exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, pneumonia);

- urinary tract infections (pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis);

- infections of the skin and soft tissues (furunculosis, pyoderma, impetigo);

- gonorrhea, acute uncomplicated gonorrheal urethritis and cervicitis;

- treatment of Lyme disease at an early stage and prevention of late stages of this disease in adults and children over 12 years of age.

Cefuroxime is also available as a sodium salt (Zinacef®) for parenteral administration. As part of stepwise therapy, it is recommended to switch from the parenteral form to the oral form of cefuroxime.

Stepped therapy is indicated in the treatment of pneumonia and exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.

- children up to 3 months;

- increased sensitivity to antibiotics of the cephalosporin group.

Caution should be exercised when prescribing to patients with impaired renal function; diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (including a history, as well as ulcerative colitis); pregnant women, during lactation.

The drug Zinnat in the form of an oral suspension is recommended for use in children from 3 months. There is no experience with the use of Zinnat in children under 3 months of age.

If a fixed dose is preferred, then for most infections it is recommended to take 125 mg 2 times a day. Children aged 2 years and older with otitis media or more severe infections are prescribed 250 mg 2 times a day; the maximum daily dose is 500 mg.

When treating infants and children, it may be necessary to calculate the dose depending on body weight and age. For most infections, the dose for infants and children aged 3 months to 12 years is 10 mg/kg 2 times a day, but not more than 250 mg/day. For otitis media and more severe infections, the recommended dose is 15 mg/kg 2 times a day, but not more than 500 mg/day.

The following tables show doses depending on the age and body weight of the child for dosing the Zinnat 125 mg/5 ml suspension in 5 ml measuring spoons supplied with the package.

Dose of 10 mg/kg body weight prescribed for most infections

Dose of 15 mg/kg body weight prescribed for otitis media and more severe infections

Cefuroxime is also available in the form of a sodium salt (Zinacef) for parenteral administration, which allows the same antibiotic to be prescribed sequentially when switching from parenteral to oral therapy is necessary. The drug Zinnat is effective after parenteral use of the drug Zinacef for the treatment of pneumonia and exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.

The duration of parenteral and oral courses of treatment is determined by the severity of the infection and the clinical picture.

The drug Zinacef (cefuroxime in the form of sodium salt) at a dose of 1.5 g 2-3 times a day (IV or IM) for an hour, then the drug Zinnat (cefuroxime axetil) orally at a dose of 500 mg 2 times a day for 7-10 days.

Exacerbation of chronic bronchitis

The drug Zinacef (cefuroxime in the form of sodium salt) at a dose of 750 mg 2-3 times a day (IV or IM) for one hour, then a course of treatment with Zinnat (cefuroxime axetil) orally at a dose of 500 mg 2 times a day within 5-10 days.

The adverse events presented below are listed depending on the anatomical and physiological classification and frequency of occurrence. The frequency of occurrence is defined as follows: very common (≥1/10), common (≥1/100 and <1/10), uncommon (≥1/1,000 and <1/100), rare (≥1/and <1 /1,000), very rare (<1/10,000, including isolated cases). Frequency categories were formed based on clinical studies of the drug and post-registration surveillance.

Infections: often - superinfection with fungi of the genus Candida.

From the hematopoietic and lymphatic system: often - eosinophilia; infrequently - a false-positive Coombs reaction (cephalosporins are absorbed on the surface of the cell membrane of red blood cells, binding to antibodies to cephalosporins, which leads to a false-positive Coombs test result and, in very rare cases, to hemolytic anemia), thrombocytopenia, leukopenia (sometimes severe); very rarely - hemolytic anemia.

From the immune system: hypersensitivity reactions: infrequently - skin rash; rarely - urticaria, itching; very rarely - drug fever, serum sickness and anaphylaxis.

From the nervous system: often - headache, dizziness.

From the digestive system: often - diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain; infrequently - vomiting; rarely - pseudomembranous colitis.

From the liver and biliary tract: often - transient increase in the level of liver enzymes ALT, AST, LDH; very rarely - jaundice (mainly cholestatic), hepatitis.

From the skin and subcutaneous fat: very rarely - erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis.

Symptoms: an overdose of cephalosporins can cause increased excitability of the brain with the development of seizures.

Treatment: carry out symptomatic therapy. Serum concentrations of cefuroxime are reduced during hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

Drugs that reduce gastric acidity may reduce the bioavailability of cefuroxime when compared with that observed after taking the drug on an empty stomach, and also neutralize the effect of increased absorption of the drug after meals.

Like other antibiotics, Zinnat can affect the intestinal microflora, which leads to a decrease in the reabsorption of estrogens and, as a result, to a decrease in the effectiveness of oral hormonal combined contraceptives.

When performing a ferrocyanide test, a false negative result may be observed, therefore, it is recommended to use glucose oxidase or hexokinase methods to determine blood and/or plasma glucose levels.

The drug Zinnat does not affect the quantitative determination of creatinine by the alkaline picrate method.

Concomitant use with loop diuretics slows down tubular secretion, reduces renal clearance, increases plasma concentrations and increases T1 /2 of cefuroxime.

Coadministration of cefuroxime and probenecid results in an increase in AUC by 50%.

When taken simultaneously with aminoglycosides and diuretics, the risk of nephrotoxic effects increases.

Caution should be exercised when prescribing the drug to patients with a history of an allergic reaction to beta-lactam antibiotics.

During treatment, it is necessary to monitor renal function, especially in patients receiving the drug in high doses.

While taking Zinnat, a false-positive urine reaction to glucose is possible.

As with other antibiotics, long-term use of Zinnat can lead to overgrowth of Candida fungi. Long-term use may cause the growth of other resistant microorganisms (Enterococcus and Clostridium difficile), which may require discontinuation of treatment.

Pseudomembranous colitis has been observed with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and the differential diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis should be considered in patients with severe diarrhea that occurs during or after a course of antibiotic treatment.

The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction was observed in borreliosis (Lyme disease) when taking the drug Zinnat and is due to the bactericidal activity of the drug against the causative agent of the disease, the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Patients should be informed that these symptoms are a typical consequence of antibiotic use for this disease.

If the clinical effect is not achieved within 72 hours from the start of treatment, the parenteral course of therapy should be continued.

Before starting step therapy, you should consult available references regarding cefuroxime sodium salt (Zinacef).

Zinnat tablets should not be broken or crushed. Therefore, this dosage form is not used to treat patients with swallowing difficulties, incl. small children who cannot swallow a whole tablet.

The sucrose content in the Zinnat suspension should be taken into account when treating patients with diabetes mellitus.

5 ml of the prepared Zinnat suspension contains 0.25 bread units (XE).

Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and operate machinery

Since cefuroxime axetil may cause dizziness, patients should be warned to take precautions when driving or operating moving machinery.

Zinnat should be used if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the child.

There is no experimental evidence of embryopathic or teratogenic effects of cefuroxime axetil, but as with other drugs, caution must be exercised when prescribing it in early pregnancy.

Caution must be exercised when prescribing it to nursing mothers, since the drug is detected in breast milk.

Contraindicated in children under 3 months of age

The drug should be stored at a temperature not exceeding 30°C. Shelf life: 2 years.

The prepared suspension should be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature of 2-8°C for no more than 10 days.

Keep out of the reach of children.

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Source: http://health.mail.ru/drug/zinnat_1/

Zinnat - tablets and granules (for preparing a suspension) with antibiotic action, used to treat the throat.

The medicine Zinnat is an antibiotic with a broad spectrum of action.

Before you continue reading: If you are looking for an effective method of getting rid of a runny nose, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis or colds, then be sure to look at this section of the site after reading this article. This information has helped so many people, we hope it will help you too! So, now back to the article.

Antibiotics are widely used in medicine. These are substances that are produced to fight bacteria and germs. Effectively used to treat bacterial diseases.

Zinnat antibiotics have a selective effect: they act on some microorganisms better than others, or they may not act at all. They prevent the proliferation of bacteria (bacteriostatic effect) or completely destroy them (bactericidal effect).

Also, Zinnat antibiotics are distinguished by the degree of influence and toxicity on biological objects. Antibiotics are prescribed only by a doctor, depending on the suspected causative agent of the disease.

Description and effect of the drug Zinnat

Zinnat acts bactericidal, disrupting the mechanism of bacterial formation.

The drug has proven itself well in the fight against various types of bacteria:

  • aerobic gram-positive microorganisms (for example, staphylococcus, streptococcus);
  • aerobic gram-negative organisms;
  • anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms;
  • strains that are resistant to the antibiotics ampicillin and amoxicillin.

Zinnat is available in the form of white tablets and granules for the preparation of a suspension.

The tablets contain cefuroxime (axetil cefuroxime) and excipients (sodium lauryl sulfate, croscarmellose sodium, hydrogenated vegetable oil, silicon dioxide and others), this is reflected in the instructions. Tablet forms: Zinnat tablets 125 mg, tablets 250 mg.

Granules (suspension) contain cefuroxime (125 mg contained in 5 ml) and excipients (sucrose, stearic acid, acesulfame potassium, aspartame, purified water, xanthan gum and tutti-frutti flavor). Available in a dark glass bottle (50 ml). The kit also includes a dosing spoon and a measuring cup.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, axetil cefuroxime, which is part of the drug Zinnat, is absorbed in the gastrointestinal system of the body. Cefuroxime is released and enters the circulatory system. The maximum concentration in the blood was reached approximately 3 hours after the joint intake of food and the drug. The suspension is also absorbed faster with simultaneous food intake. In the gastrointestinal system of the body, cefuroxime is absorbed more slowly than from tablets.

Cefuroxime in the blood is partially bound to plasma proteins. It is not processed into metabolites, but is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. The half-life is approximately 1.5 hours.

Indications for use of Zinnat

The drug Zinnat is used to treat diseases (infectious and inflammatory) caused by microorganisms sensitive to it.

  • various infections in the respiratory tract (upper and lower): bronchitis (acute and chronic), pneumonia (bacterial), lung abscesses, infected bronchiectasis, chest infection after surgery;
  • infections of the ENT organs (ear, throat, nose): tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media;
  • infection of soft tissues and skin: pyoderma, furunculosis, impetigo;
  • various infections and inflammations in the genitourinary system: asymptomatic bacteriuria, cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis (acute and chronic);
  • gonorrhea (also cervicitis and gonococcal urethritis (acute));
  • Lyme disease in the early stages and prevention of subsequent late manifestations (children aged 12 years and adults).

Directions for use and doses

Zinnat is taken orally after meals. Typically, the course of treatment lasts no more than 10 days (as prescribed by a doctor).

- use in adults:

  • for most infections, the dosage of Zinnatmg is taken twice a day;
  • for the treatment of urinary tract infections with Zinnat - 125 mg taken twice a day;
  • pyelonephritis – Zinnat 250 mg taken twice a day;
  • lower respiratory tract infection (mild and moderate) – Zinnat 250 mg taken twice a day;
  • severe infection of the lower respiratory tract (if pneumonia is suspected) - 500 mg taken twice a day;
  • for uncomplicated gonorrhea – 1 g is taken once;
  • in the treatment of Lyme disease (course of treatment 20 days) – 500 mg taken twice a day.

— method of use for step therapy:

When treating pneumonia, the drug Zinacef is first taken intravenously or intramuscularly for two or three days (1.5 g is taken 2-3 times a day). After this, Zinnatmg is taken orally twice a day (duration of treatment is no more than 10 days).

At the beginning of an exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, the drug zinacefmg is also taken two to three times a day (as prescribed by a doctor) for no more than three days. Then Zinnatmg twice a day (duration of treatment no more than 10 days).

The duration and dosage of the drug Zinnat are determined by the patient’s condition and the severity of the disease; all prescriptions are made by the attending physician.

— method of using Zinnat tablets in children:

For most infections, Zinnat tablets are taken by children at a dose of 125 mg twice daily. Otitis (moderate) or other infections (severe) are taken at a dose of 250 mg twice a day.

It is not recommended to crush the tablets, so for children the drug should be used in the form of a suspension.

— Zinnat suspension and its use:

The suspension is prepared as follows: 20 ml of water is poured into a measuring cup. Shake the bottle vigorously several times. Pour the measured amount of water into the bottle and then shake for two minutes to form a homogeneous substance.

The thickness of the suspension is similar to syrup, so sometimes you can find the name of the drug - Zinnat syrup.

The dosage of the drug for children is calculated in accordance with their age and body weight. Most often, the dosage for the treatment of most infections in children under 12 years of age (there is no data on clinical trials for the treatment of children under three months with Zinnat) is 10 mg per kg of weight, but does not exceed the amount of 250 mg per day.

For more severe infections, the dose according to the instructions is recommended in the amount of 15 mg per kg of body weight twice a day, but not to exceed 500 mg in one day.

Let's consider the doses of Zinnat recommended according to the age and weight of the child. The dosage of the suspension is 5 ml (active ingredient content 125 mg) measured using a 5 ml measuring spoon included in the kit.

Most infections (10 mg per kg):

- children from three to six months - half a measuring spoon in one dose of Zinnat (with body weight from 4 to 6 kg) twice a day;

- children from six months to 2 years - half or a whole measuring spoon in one dose of Zinnat (with body weight from 9 to 12 kg) twice a day;

- children from two years to 12 years - one measuring spoon in one dose (with a body weight of 12 kg) twice a day.

More severe infections (15 mg per kg of weight):

- children from three to six months - half or a whole measuring spoon in one dose (with body weight from 4 to 6 kg) twice a day;

- children from six months to 2 years - one or one and a half measuring spoons in one dose (with body weight from 9 to 12 kg) twice a day;

- children from two years to 12 years - one and a half or two measuring spoons in one dose of the drug Zinnat (with a body weight of 12 kg) twice a day.

The active substance included in the drug Zinnat (cefuroxime) is released in the form of a sodium salt for introduction into the body not through the gastrointestinal system. And this allows you to switch from such administration to oral administration when clinically indicated.

Contraindications, side effects and overdose

Contraindications for the drug Zinnat:

- special sensitivity to the components of the drug, especially to cefuroxime, which belongs to the group of antibiotics - cephalosporins.

- hematopoietic system: neutropenia (reduced number of neutrophils in the blood), hemolytic anemia, eosinophilia (causes an increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood), leukopenia and thrombocytopenia;

- gastrointestinal system: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, increased activity of liver enzymes (temporary), rare cases of pseudomembranous colitis;

- various allergic reactions: urticaria, itching, rash, drug fever, Steven-Johnson syndrome, rare cases of anaphylaxis and epidermal necrolysis on the skin;

Overdose: when taking a high dose simultaneously, various damage to the central nervous system and convulsions are possible. Treatment is prescribed in the form of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

Special instructions and interactions with other drugs

Special instructions for the drug Zinnat according to the instructions:

- with prolonged treatment with the antibiotic Zinnat, there is a possibility of increased growth of certain microorganisms. In this case, according to the instructions for use, treatment is stopped;

- if diarrhea appears while using the drug Zinnat, then the possibility of pseudomembranous colitis increases;

— during treatment in patients with Lyme disease, the Jarisch-Gersheimer reaction may occur. It is imperative to carry out explanatory work with the patient and inform that this is a consequence of the effect of the antibiotic on the causative agent of this disease and that this is a fairly common and temporary consequence. This reaction does not pose any threat;

— for patients with diabetes mellitus, when a doctor prescribes the drug Zinnat in the form of a suspension, it should be taken into account that it contains sucrose;

— do not mix granules or suspension with hot liquid;

- Prescribe the drug with caution to patients who are suspected of having an allergic reaction to penicillins;

— the prepared suspension is active for only 10 days;

— the drug Zinnat can cause dizziness, so patients should take it with caution while driving vehicles and various mechanisms;

- to determine the amount of glucose in the blood, methods using hexokinase or glucose oxidase should be used, since when using Zinnat there is a possibility that tests with iron calcium sulfide will give an incorrect negative result.

Interaction with other drugs:

- with the simultaneous use of Zinnat with other drugs that reduce the acidity of juice in the stomach, the absorption time in the gastrointestinal system increases and the growth of absorption, which is associated with food intake, is prevented.

- with the simultaneous administration of probenecid and ceforuxime, the time of maximum concentration of ceforuxime in the blood increases by 50%.

Price, conditions of release from pharmacies, storage conditions

The price of Zinnat varies depending on the form of release:

— granules: from 280 to 350 rubles.

The drug is available from pharmacies with a prescription.

The shelf life of tablets is 3 years from the date of release, granules (suspension) is 2 years.

The drug is stored out of the reach of children at a temperature not exceeding 25°C.

The prepared suspension is not stored longer than 10 days.

Zinnat during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Very often during pregnancy, situations arise when you need to take strong drugs, but you cannot harm the fetus. Therefore, the question very often arises about the advisability of using Zinnat antibiotics during pregnancy.

There is no experimental data on the harmful effects of Zinnat on the fetus. In the first months of pregnancy, the drug is used with caution and only as prescribed by a doctor.

Cefuroxime, which is part of the drug, passes into breast milk, so the prescription of the drug during lactation is done with caution by the attending physician.

Use in children

The antibiotic Zinnat for children (reviews from doctors are very positive) is prescribed for various infectious diseases. Prescribed for sore throat, which has good results. Prescribing this antibiotic for sinusitis also shows good results.

It is prescribed for children only by the attending physician in accordance with the child’s age, body weight and severity of the disease. For young children, taking a suspension is recommended because breaking the tablets is not recommended. The course of treatment is no more than 10 days, but not less than 5.

Zinnat does not cause dysbiosis in children. But in order to prevent pseudomembranous colitis, it is recommended to take drugs to improve intestinal microflora.

There are no data on the use of Zinnat in children less than three months old.

Analogs

Analogues of the drug Zinnat are medicines that contain the active substance cefuroxime: axetil, cefutil, mikrex, axef, kimacef, zinacef and others. Prescribed individually by a specialist.

Zinnat or Sumamed - what to choose?

Sumamed is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Prescribed individually by a doctor. To the question: “Zinnat or Sumamed?” Only the attending physician can answer unequivocally. Using any antibiotics without a doctor's prescription is dangerous.

With proper treatment, Zinnat antibiotics give positive results. Under no circumstances should you self-medicate.

The article above and comments written by readers are for informational purposes only and do not encourage self-medication. Consult a specialist regarding your own symptoms and illnesses. When taking any medicine, you should always use the instructions that come with the medicine and your doctor's advice as a guide.

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Zinnat

Description current as of 05/27/2016

  • Latin name: Zinnat
  • ATX code: J01DC02
  • Active ingredient: Cefuroxime (Cefuroxime)
  • Manufacturer: Glaxo Operations UK Limited (Great Britain)

Compound

Zinnat 125 mg tablets contain the active component cefuroxime axetil (125 mg in terms of cefuroxime). Zinnat 250 mg tablets also contain the active component cefuroxime axetil (250 mg in terms of cefuroxime). In addition, the medicine contains additional components: MCC, croscarmellose sodium, sodium lauryl sulfate, colloidal silicon dioxide, hydrogenated vegetable oil.

The granules from which the Zinnat suspension is prepared contain cefuroxime axetil as an active substance, as well as additional ingredients: stearic acid, sucrose, aspartame, acesulfame potassium, povidone K30, xanthan gum, flavoring.

Release form

The antibiotic Zinnat is available in the form of tablets and granules, from which a suspension is prepared.

  • Tablets with a white or almost white film shell, oval, biconvex shape. On one side they are engraved “GXES5” (dose 125 mg), “GXES7” (dose 250 mg). When cut, the tablet is white or almost white. Contained in a blister of 5 or 10 pcs. in a cardboard box - 1 or 2 bl.
  • Granules are grains of irregular shape, different sizes, but not more than 3 mm. Color – white or almost white. After dilution, a white or light yellow suspension is formed, which has a fruity aroma. Contains granules in dark glass bottles, 125 mg/5 ml. The bottle is closed with a plastic cap equipped with a child-proof device. A measuring spoon is also included in the cardboard box.

pharmachologic effect

The substance cefuroxime axetil is a precursor of cefuroxime, belonging to the second generation of cephalosporin antibiotics. Shows activity against a wide range of pathogens, including strains that produce β-lactamases.

Cefuroxime is noted to be resistant to bacterial β-lactamases, so the substance is effective against ampicillin-resistant or amoxicillin-resistant strains. It has a bactericidal effect, which is associated with the process of suppressing the synthesis of bacterial cell walls due to binding to the main target proteins.

In vitro activity of cefuroxime was noted against a number of gram-negative aerobes, gram-negative aerobes, anaerobes (gram-positive and gram-negative cocci, gram-positive and gram-negative rods, gram-negative spirochetes).

The following microorganisms are insensitive to cefuroxime: Pseudomonas spp., Clostridium difficile, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Campylobacter spp., strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis that are resistant to methicillin, Legionella spp., Listeria monocytogenes. Also insensitive to the active substance of the drug Zinnat are certain strains of the following genera: Morganella morganii, Enterococcus (Streptococcus) faecalis, Serratia spp., Citrobacter spp., Proteus vulgaris, Bacteroides fragilis, Enterobacter spp.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

After the medicine has been taken orally, the substance cefuroxime axetil is slowly absorbed from the digestive tract. The substance is rapidly hydrolyzed to release cefuroxime in the small intestinal mucosa and in the blood. Penetrates through the placenta, the blood-brain barrier, and enters breast milk. Optimal absorption of the drug occurs if it is taken immediately after a meal.

The highest concentration of the active substance after taking the tablets is observed after approximately 2.4 hours, provided that the medicine was taken after a meal.

The highest concentration after taking the suspension is observed approximately 2-3 hours later, provided the medication is taken after meals.

The connection with plasma proteins is approximately 33–50%.

Cefuroxime is not metabolized in the body.

The half-life is 1–1.5 hours. It is excreted by tubular secretion and glomerular filtration. During dialysis, serum concentrations of the substance decrease.

Indications for use

Zinnat tablets and suspension are indicated for use against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It is used to treat infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by bacteria that are sensitive to cefuroxime:

Contraindications

All dosage forms of the drug Zinnat are contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to β-lactam antibiotics (if there is a history of sensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics, carbapenems, penicillins).

Zinnat tablets should not be taken by children under 3 years of age.

A suspension prepared from granules is not prescribed to people who have hypersensitivity to aspartame or phenylketonuria. This form of antibiotic should also not be used to treat children under 3 months of age.

Caution: Zinnat is prescribed for diseases of the digestive system (including a history), ulcerative colitis, impaired renal function, as well as during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Side effects

As a rule, negative reactions when treated with a drug containing the active substance cefuroxime axetil are not significant, they are reversible and short-lived. The following side effects may occur:

  • superinfection with fungi of the genus Candida;
  • lymphatic and hematopoietic systems: eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, false-positive Coombs test, leukopenia, in very rare cases - hemolytic anemia;
  • immune system: manifestations of hypersensitivity reactions in the form of skin rash, urticaria, itching, in very rare cases - serum sickness, drug fever, anaphylaxis;
  • nervous system: headaches, dizziness;
  • digestive system: gastrointestinal dysfunction, which is manifested by diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, sometimes vomiting, in rare cases - pseudomembranous colitis;
  • biliary tract and liver: transient increase in the activity of liver enzymes, in rare cases - hepatitis, jaundice (mainly cholestatic);
  • skin, subcutaneous fat: in very rare cases - erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Instructions for use of Zinnat (Method and dosage)

Antibiotic Zinnat should be used only as prescribed by a doctor.

Zinnat tablets, instructions for use

As a rule, the medicine in tablet form must be taken for 7 days, but the duration of the course can be from 5 to 10 days. It is recommended to take the tablets after meals.

Adult patients with most infectious diseases are prescribed 250 mg of Zinnat 2 times a day. When treating infectious diseases of the urinary tract, it is recommended to take 125 mg of the drug 2 times. per day. For infectious diseases of the lower respiratory tract of mild and moderate severity, 250 mg of Zinnat is prescribed 2 times a day; for severe diseases, the dose is increased to 500 mg 2 times a day. per day. For uncomplicated gonorrhea, a single dose of 1 g of the drug is indicated.

For the treatment of Lyme disease, 500 mg 2 times is prescribed. per day, the course of treatment lasts 20 days.

For most diseases, children over three years of age are prescribed 125 mg of Zinnat 2 times a day. per day. Highest daily dose mg. When treating otitis media or severe infectious diseases, the doctor may prescribe 250 mg 2 times a day. per day. Permissible dose per day mg

Suspension Zinnat, instructions for use

The suspension is used orally for children; it is recommended for children over 3 months of age.

In most cases, the doctor prescribes a dose of 125 mg 2 times. per day. Children after reaching the age of two when treating otitis media or severe infectious diseases are advised to take 250 mg twice a day, but not more than 500 mg per day.

If the drug is prescribed to infants, the dose is calculated taking into account the child’s age and body weight. As a rule, children from 3 months. Prescribe 10 mg of the drug per 1 kg of weight 2 times. per day. For severe infections, the dose can be increased to 15 mg per 1 kg of weight 2 times. per day, but the child should not take more than 500 mg of medication per day.

Overdose

In case of an overdose of the drug, increased excitability of the brain may develop, including seizures. In this case, symptomatic therapy is carried out, taking into account the fact that serum concentrations of cefuroxime decrease during peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis.

Interaction

The bioavailability of cefuroxime may be reduced when taking medications that reduce gastric acidity. Such drugs neutralize the effect of increasing the absorption of the drug when taken after meals.

Zinnat can affect the state of the intestinal microflora, and this leads to a decrease in estrogen reabsorption. As a result, the effect of hormonal oral combined contraceptives is reduced.

Since a false negative result is possible due to the ferrocyanide test, it is advisable to use hexokinase or glucose oxidase methods to determine the level of glucose in the blood and plasma.

Taking Zinnat does not affect the quantitative determination of creatinine by the alkaline picrate method.

When used simultaneously with loop diuretics, tubular secretion and renal clearance decrease, the concentration of cefuroxime in plasma increases, as well as its half-life.

When taken simultaneously with diuretics and aminoglycosides, the likelihood of developing nephrotoxic effects increases.

Terms of sale

Zinnat is sold according to prescription.

Storage conditions

Tablets and granules are stored at a temperature of no more than 30°. The finished suspension must be stored in the refrigerator, the temperature should be 2-8°C. All forms of Zinnat should be kept away from children.

Best before date

Zinnat tablets can be stored for 3 years, granules for 2 years. The shelf life of the finished suspension is no more than 10 days.

special instructions

Caution should be exercised when prescribing an antibiotic to people who have a history of an allergic reaction to beta-lactam antibiotics.

It is important to monitor renal function during treatment. This should be done charmingly to those patients who are receiving high doses of medication.

During treatment, patients may experience a false-positive urine reaction to glucose.

With prolonged use of the antibiotic Zinnat, active growth of fungi of the genus Candida is possible. Also, with prolonged treatment, the growth of some other resistant microorganisms may occur. In this case, it is advisable to discontinue therapy.

Since pseudomembranous colitis can develop during treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, it is important to differentiate pseudomembranous colitis in people who have severe diarrhea during antibiotic treatment or after completing a course of therapy.

When treating borreliosis with Zinnat, a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction may occur, which is associated with the bactericidal activity of the drug against the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Patients should be informed about the possibility of developing such symptoms.

If no clinical effect was noted within 3 days after the start of treatment, you should continue taking the drug.

Do not crush or break Zinnat tablets. Therefore, this form of medication is not prescribed to young children, as well as to those patients who have difficulty swallowing.

People with diabetes should note that 5 ml of the finished Zinnat suspension contains 0.25 XE.

Since axetil may cause dizziness when taking cefuroxime, patients should be warned about the need to drive carefully and engage in potentially hazardous activities.

Zinnat's analogs

Zinnat for children

Those reviews about Zinnat for children that parents leave indicate that this antibiotic is used frequently and successfully for children. Basically, children are prescribed a suspension, the intake of which effectively alleviates the child’s condition. It is important that the instructions for the suspension for children are strictly followed. It should be taken into account that tablets are not prescribed to children under 3 years of age, and the suspension is not prescribed to children under 3 months.

During pregnancy and lactation

The use of an antibiotic during pregnancy is possible only if the benefit to the woman outweighs the potential risk to the child. Prescribe with caution in early pregnancy. Since the active substance passes into breast milk, during lactation the medication can only be taken as prescribed by a doctor and under his supervision.

Reviews about Zinnat

Those parents who gave the antibiotic Zinnat to their children wrote mostly positive reviews. They note that the drug significantly improved the condition of infectious diseases after just a few days of use. However, side effects are rare. As a rule, these are allergic reactions and headaches. However, most patients, both adults and those users who gave the drug to children, note that there is a need to take probiotics after a course of treatment with this medicine. The ease of use of the product in the form of a suspension is also mentioned.

Zinnat price, where to buy

Antibiotic in the form of 125 mg tablets costs an average of 250 rubles for 10 tablets. The price of Zinnat 250 mg tablets is from 440 rubles. for 10 tablets The price of Zinnat suspension is from 280 rubles.

  • Online pharmacies in Russia Russia
  • Online pharmacies in Ukraine Ukraine
  • Online pharmacies in Kazakhstan Kazakhstan

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BIOSPHERE

Education: Graduated from Rivne State Basic Medical College with a degree in Pharmacy. Graduated from Vinnitsa State Medical University named after. M.I. Pirogov and internship at his base.

Work experience: From 2003 to 2013 – worked as a pharmacist and manager of a pharmacy kiosk. She was awarded diplomas and decorations for many years of conscientious work. Articles on medical topics were published in local publications (newspapers) and on various Internet portals.

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Source: http://medside.ru/zinnat

Zinnat - instructions for use, reviews, analogs and release forms (tablets 125 mg and 250 mg, granules for preparing an antibiotic suspension) medications for the treatment of sore throat, pyelonephritis, bronchitis in adults, children and pregnancy

In this article you can read the instructions for use of the drug Zinnat. Reviews of site visitors - consumers of this medicine, as well as the opinions of specialist doctors on the use of the antibiotic Zinnat in their practice are presented. We kindly ask you to actively add your reviews about the drug: whether the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, what complications and side effects were observed, perhaps not stated by the manufacturer in the annotation. Analogues of Zinnat in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for the treatment of sore throat, pyelonephritis, bronchitis and other infections in adults, children, as well as during pregnancy and lactation.

Zinnat is a 2nd generation cephalosporin antibiotic for parenteral use. It has a bactericidal effect and disrupts the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Has a wide spectrum of action.

Resistant to most beta-lactamases.

Cefuroxime (the active substance of the antibiotic Zinnat) is highly active against aerobic gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis (including strains resistant to penicillins and with the exception of rare methicillin-resistant strains), Streptococcus pyogenes (and other beta-hemolytic streptococci), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus group B (Streptococcus agalactiae), Streptococcus mitis (viridans group), Bordetella pertusis; aerobic gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Providencia spp., Proteus rettgeri, Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains), Haemophilus parainfluenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains), Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae ( including strains producing and not producing penicillinase), Neisseria meningitidis, Salmonella spp.; anaerobic gram-positive bacteria: Peptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Clostridium spp., Propionibacterium spp.; anaerobic gram-negative bacteria: Bacteroides spp, Fusobacterium spp.; also active against Borrelia burgdorferi.

Clostridium difficile, Pseudomonas spp., Campylobacter spp., Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Listeria monocytogenes, methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Legionella spp. are resistant to cefuroxime.

Studies have shown that when cefuroxime is combined with aminoglycoside antibiotics, an additive effect is observed, and in some cases, synergism.

Cefuroxime (in the form of cefuroxime axetil) + excipients.

After oral administration, Zinnat is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is rapidly hydrolyzed in the intestinal mucosa and blood, releasing cefuroxime into the systemic circulation. Food accelerates the absorption of cefuroxime axetil suspension. When taking a suspension, the rate of absorption of cefuroxime axetil is lower than when taking tablets. Cefuroxime is not biotransformed in the body and is excreted unchanged by the kidneys through glomerular filtration and tubular secretion.

Treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to the drug:

  • respiratory tract infections (including acute and chronic bronchitis, infected bronchiectasis, bacterial pneumonia, lung abscess, postoperative chest infections);
  • infections of the ear, throat, nose (including sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, acute otitis media);
  • infections of the genitourinary system (including acute and chronic pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis, asymptomatic bacteriuria);
  • infections of the skin and soft tissues (including furunculosis, pyoderma, impetigo);
  • gonorrhea (including acute uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis);
  • treatment of Lyme disease at an early stage and subsequent prevention of late manifestations in adults and children over 12 years of age.

Film-coated tablets 125 mg and 250 mg.

Granules for the preparation of a suspension for oral administration (sometimes mistakenly called syrup).

Instructions for use and dosage

For adults, the average single dose is 250 mg, the frequency of administration is 2 times a day.

For severe infections of the lower respiratory tract, 500 mg is prescribed 2 times a day; for mild to moderate infections - 250 mg 2 times a day.

For urinary tract infections, 125 mg is prescribed 2 times a day, for pyelonephritis - 250 mg 2 times a day.

For the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea, 1 g is prescribed once.

For Lyme disease, adults and children over 12 years of age - 500 mg 2 times a day for 20 days.

Children under 12 years of age can be prescribed the drug in the form of a suspension. The average dose for children for most infections is 1 tablet (125 mg) 2 times a day. For severe infections or otitis media in children aged 2 years and older, the average dose is 1 tablet (250 mg) or 2 tablets (125 mg) 2 times a day.

For infectious diseases of mild to moderate severity, a single dose is set at the rate of 10 mg/kg body weight.

For otitis media and severe infections, a single dose is set at 15 mg/kg. The frequency of administration is 2 times a day.

The maximum daily dose is 500 mg.

The average duration of use of the drug is 7 days (5-10 days).

It is recommended to take the drug after meals.

  • nausea, vomiting;
  • diarrhea;
  • jaundice;
  • cases of pseudomembranous colitis have been described;
  • hemolytic anemia, eosinophilia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia;
  • skin rash;
  • itching;
  • hives;
  • fever;
  • erythema multiforme;
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome;
  • toxic epidermal necrolysis;
  • serum sickness;
  • anaphylaxis;
  • headache;
  • positive Coombs reaction.
  • hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Zinnat is used with caution in the 1st trimester of pregnancy and during lactation.

Experimental studies have not established the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of Zinnat.

Can be used in children from 3 months of age.

Zinnat is prescribed with extreme caution to patients with hypersensitivity to penicillin antibiotics, because There are reports of cases of cross-allergic reactions.

With long-term use of Zinnat, increased growth of resistant microorganisms (Candida, Enterococci, Clostridium difficile) is possible, which may require discontinuation of treatment.

When diarrhea occurs due to the use of antibiotics, incl. Zinnat, one should keep in mind the possibility of developing pseudomembranous colitis.

When treating Lyme disease with Zinnat, a Jarisch-Gersheimer reaction is sometimes observed. This reaction is a direct consequence of the bactericidal effect of Zinnat on the causative agent of the disease - the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Patients should be advised that this is a common and normal consequence of antibiotic treatment for Lyme disease.

When prescribing Zinnat to patients with diabetes mellitus, the presence of sucrose in the suspension should be taken into account.

Since the potassium iron sulfide test may give a false-negative result in patients receiving cefuroxime axetil, the use of glucose oxidase or hexokinase methods is recommended to determine blood glucose levels. Cefuroxime does not affect the results of determining creatinine levels using alkali and picric acid.

Granules or prepared suspension must not be mixed with hot liquids.

Co-administration of cefuroxime and probenecid results in an increase in the AUC of cefuroxime by 50%.

When used simultaneously, antacids may reduce the bioavailability of Zinnat in suspension form.

Analogues of the drug Zinnat

Structural analogues of the active substance:

Source: http://instrukciya-otzyvy.ru/517-zinnat-po-primeneniyu-analogi-tabletki-granuly-suspenziya-antibiotik-angina.html