Blood flows from the nose

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What are the reasons for nosebleeds in adults?

Every person has had to deal with nosebleeds at least once. But not everyone knows why nosebleeds occur. The reasons for this phenomenon in an adult can be very different: overwork and fatigue, nasal injuries, as well as other more serious diseases.

Table of contents:

In cases where nosebleeds occur quite often, you should immediately undergo a medical examination to identify the true cause or disease.

Such symptoms can signal a disease of various internal organs - liver, kidneys, and blood. In addition, nosebleeds can be caused by cardiovascular diseases, rheumatism and various infectious diseases.

Classification

The volume of blood leaking from the nose can range from several milliliters to half a liter.

  1. Blood loss of a few milliliters is considered insignificant. Such bleeding is not dangerous to health and does not lead to any consequences. The only negative point may be fear, hysteria or fainting in young children.
  2. Blood loss is assessed as moderate if its volume does not exceed 200 ml. Such blood loss causes slight weakness, dizziness, rapid pulse and flickering of spots before the eyes. Visible mucous membranes and skin may become pale.
  3. We are talking about massive blood loss in cases where up to 300 ml of blood flows out in total or simultaneously. It is accompanied by more severe symptoms compared to mild ones: weakness, tinnitus, dizziness, headache, thirst, shortness of breath.
  4. Profuse bleeding is characterized by a large volume - 500 ml and above. Massive blood loss leads to hemorrhagic shock, expressed in a sharp drop in blood pressure, lethargy, various disturbances of consciousness up to its loss, and insufficient blood circulation in the internal organs.

Also, nosebleeds can be divided into local and general. Local are those that cause bleeding when the nose is damaged locally, and general are those that cause bleeding in general.

Why does an adult have nosebleeds: reasons

Drops or streams of blood appearing from the nasal passages are a consequence of vascular damage. This happens as a result of either mechanical impact (trauma to the nose) or internal processes in the body.

Let's take a closer look at the main reasons why an adult may have a nosebleed, and what to do in this case:

  1. Trauma - most often, various blows to the face area lead to injury to the nose, which may be accompanied by a fracture of its septum with the development of severe bleeding. In childhood, injuries to the nasal mucosa are caused by the habit of picking the nose with a finger or other objects (pencil, pen).
  2. Impact of external conditions. Long exposure to the sun, overwork, physical activity are factors that can cause spontaneous nosebleeds. This is an isolated phenomenon, it is not a reason to go to the doctor, the bleeding quickly stops, and the incident is forgotten.
  3. Sunstroke and overheating are one of the main factors for nosebleeds, especially in the summer. Due to high temperatures, the nasal cavity becomes dry and the vessels become fragile. They burst easily and cause nosebleeds. To protect yourself from heatstroke, you need to wear a Panama hat or a hat and stay in a shady place as much as possible.
  4. Drying of the mucous membranes can also cause bleeding from the nose, as the capillaries become fragile. Drying of the nasal mucosa can be the result of prolonged exposure to dry air or frost.

The second group of nosebleeds is usually caused by much more serious reasons, including systemic disorders. In this case, nosebleeds are not a separate pathological condition, but a manifestation of symptoms of diseases of any organs and physiological systems, most often the respiratory and circulatory systems. This group includes diseases such as:

  1. Hypertension. Increased blood pressure or intracranial pressure can also cause nosebleeds. But this is more of a blessing than a disaster, because it is better to lose a little blood and lower blood pressure than to have a stroke. By the way, most often pressure changes occur from 4 to 6 am. This fact explains why some people have nosebleeds in the morning.
  2. Inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa (rhinitis) or its sinuses (sinusitis, frontal sinusitis) - inflammation weakens the walls of blood vessels, making them more brittle. Acute respiratory viral infection, allergic rhinitis, bacteria (streptococci, staphylococci, E. coli) can lead to the development of the inflammatory process.
  3. Papillomas in the nose are growths on the mucous membrane. They are the result of a viral infection and are dangerous due to mutations into malignant formations. Polyps put pressure on blood vessels, make breathing difficult, and cause frequent bleeding in the morning.
  4. Vegetative-vascular dystonia is accompanied by weak, fragile vessels, often causing nosebleeds in an adult or child diagnosed with VSD. Additional symptoms include watery discharge, headache, and tinnitus.
  5. Atherosclerosis - changes in blood vessels, loss of their elasticity, frequent damage with the occurrence of various bleedings (internal and external).
  6. Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal gland that causes increased levels of stress hormones. Because of this, the pressure rises sharply and the nose bleeds constantly. Signs of this tumor are frequent nosebleeds and dry nose. If you have such symptoms, you should contact the clinic.
  7. Taking medications. Bleeding is usually caused by drugs that prevent blood clotting. These include heparin, aspirin and others. Blood from the nose can flow with prolonged and uncontrolled use of nasal sprays that dry out the mucous membrane.
  8. Oncological diseases. Epistaxis occurs with malignant and benign tumors in the nose. In addition to bleeding, there may be an ulcer on the nasal mucosa, swelling of the nose, and a change in its shape.
  9. Diseases accompanied by bleeding disorders, such as hemophilia.
  10. Vitamin C deficiency. As you know, vitamin C strengthens the walls of blood vessels. If there is not enough of it, the vascular walls become loose and brittle. This fact may be the answer to the question why nosebleeds often occur.

In adults, the most common cause of nosebleeds is damage to the vessels of the anterior nasal septum (Kiesselbach's place), which is densely penetrated by a network of small arterioles and capillaries. Such bleeding, as a rule, does not pose a threat to human health. Blood from the nose flows out in drops or a thin stream and, with normal clotting, quickly stops on its own.

The situation is worse when the vessels of the upper and posterior sections of the nasal cavity are damaged. The arteries here are noticeably larger than in the anterior section, and therefore the bleeding is stronger, can cause significant harm to health and even lead to death due to very severe blood loss. In this case, the blood flows in a bright red, non-foamy stream, may appear from the mouth, and practically does not stop on its own.

What to do when your nose is bleeding?

There is no point in treating symptoms exclusively, since the underlying disease must be eliminated. The causes of frequent nosebleeds are determined by your doctor. It is necessary to visit a therapist or pediatrician and otolaryngologist. For diagnosis, you will need to take a general blood test and check blood clotting indicators.

Nosebleeds may not be so harmless. Many people do not pay enough attention to this. If blood from the nose bothers you in rare cases and then due to mechanical action, then there is no need to worry.

If blood from the nose bothers you often, it spurts out, or the bleeding is profuse and prolonged - all this is a signal to seek help from a specialist as soon as possible.

How to stop nosebleeds?

If blood flows from the nose as a result of mechanical damage and there is little blood, and apart from a slight headache, there are no signs of serious illness, you can deal with the problem yourself. The order of tasks is as follows: first we stop the bleeding, then with the help of analgesics you can reduce the intensity of pain.

Take a sitting position and tilt your head back slightly. Loosen your tie and unbutton your collar. Do not tilt your head forward - this will cause a rush of blood to the nose area and increased bleeding. It is also impossible to throw your head back - blood will enter the nasopharynx and lead to vomiting.

You can put a piece of ice or a towel soaked in cold water on the bridge of your nose for a short time, about ten minutes. A napkin moistened with cold water can also be applied to the back of the neck. It is advisable to press the nostril from which the blood is coming from for 5-10 minutes until the bleeding stops. If the bleeding is intense or does not stop, use tampons. For this, cotton swabs soaked in hydrogen peroxide are suitable; they need to be inserted into the nose, but not too deep, and sit for 10-15 minutes.

If there is no tampon and hydrogen peroxide, then insert a bandage into the nostril from which the blood is coming, leaving at least 10 centimeters outside so that it can be freely removed from the nostril. This is done to prevent blood from coming out of the nose. Also, if you have vasoconstrictor medications for nasal instillation, then apply a few drops to a tampon and insert it into your nose. These drops will help close the damaged vessel, which caused the bleeding. Then place the person in a cool, quiet, dark room. It happens that these measures are already sufficient.

If the bleeding is profuse and cannot be stopped quickly enough at home, the headache is severe, speech, vision or consciousness in general are impaired - immediately call an ambulance.

Good to know:

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You just need to use less vasoconstrictors, but on the contrary, it’s better if your nose is a little stuffy.

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Why does the nose bleed: all possible reasons

From this article you will learn: all the possible causes of nosebleeds in adults and children.

There are many causes of nosebleeds. It is important to determine the cause of bleeding in an individual to prevent recurrent episodes.

In children, blood flows from the nose due to polyps or adenoids, age-related immaturity of blood vessels, the presence of a foreign body in the nasal passage, anemia, prolonged use of a vasoconstrictor spray, etc.

If your nose bleeds repeatedly, this cannot be ignored. This may be a sign of a serious disease of the blood, internal organs, or a manifestation of oncology. First, you need to try to understand for yourself why the nose may bleed, whether there is a periodicity, notice whether the bleeding is tied to a certain time of day or not, what intensity it is, how often it occurs, whether there are clots or scarlet liquid blood flows.

Then be sure to contact an otolaryngologist. All these observations will help him quickly understand why your nose is bleeding. Of course, additional examination will be required. The doctor will select a list of diagnostic methods in accordance with the suspected cause. It is possible that after receiving the research results, you will need consultation or treatment from another specialist - a cardiologist, endocrinologist, surgeon, oncologist. If there is a facial injury with damage to the nasal passages, the cause of the bleeding is obvious; in this case, you should immediately contact a traumatologist.

Only by eliminating the provoking factor will you get rid of bleeding.

Causes in adults

Two groups of causes of bleeding:

  1. local (local) – affects only the nose;
  2. systemic (general) - arise due to internal effects of the body, for example, in various diseases.

Local provoking factors

  • Nose injuries. They often occur during a fight due to blows to the face or during serious accidents.
  • Allergy. The walls of blood vessels rupture due to an allergic reaction and blood flow.
  • Dry hot room air. Often the cause of night bleeding is drying out of the mucous membrane due to inhalation of too dry air currents during hot radiators in winter.
  • Polyp in the nose or deformation of the nasal septum. This makes nasal breathing difficult, causing the load to be improperly distributed between the nostrils. The polyp compresses the blood vessels, due to which red liquid often flows from the nose, especially in the morning.
  • Atrophy of the mucous membrane. Develops in various inflammatory diseases, for example, chronic rhinitis. It may be a consequence of a hereditary disease or occupational hazard - dusty premises, dry air, working in the cold. Insufficient mucus secretion, drying out and thinning of the mucous membrane causes fragility of blood vessels, and ultimately nosebleeds.
  • Inflammation of the nasal mucosa (rhinitis) may be accompanied by minor nosebleeds. Blood clots are visible along with the mucus that appears during a runny nose.
  • Long-term use of hormonal or vasoconstrictor spray (drops).
  • Sunstroke is one of the main factors in the occurrence of nosebleeds in hot summers. Often, general overheating of the body, which occurs due to prolonged exposure to the scorching rays of the sun, is accompanied by nosebleeds. The vessels of the mucous membrane become fragile and burst.
  • Snorting cocaine. It has long been noted that drug addicts who use cocaine through the nose have thinning mucous membranes, loss of smell, and nosebleeds.

General pathologies of the body

  • Hypertension is the most common cause of nosebleeds in adults, especially older people. This “natural bloodletting” reduces the risk of cerebral stroke. Usually after it the person’s condition does not worsen, but improves. Develops against the background of tinnitus, cephalgia (headache) and other symptoms of crisis. The blood vessels burst, unable to withstand the pressure, causing blood from the nose to flow in a thin stream without clots.
  • Acute infections affecting the mucous membrane of the nasal passages. These are sinusitis, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, rhinitis, ARVI and others. Inflamed vessels are more fragile and more likely to burst, causing blood to flow through the nose. Similar changes in the vascular walls occur with allergic rhinitis.
  • Blood diseases or other pathologies accompanied by impaired blood clotting. What causes nosebleeds in this case? For example, in hemophilia, a deficiency of blood plasma coagulation factors leads not only to nosebleeds and other heavy external bleeding, but also to serious internal bleeding. Other pathologies include hemorrhagic diathesis, vasculitis, coagulopathies, hypo- and vitamin deficiency with vitamin deficiency. K, S.
  • Hormonal changes or disruptions during puberty, menopause or pregnancy.
  • Taking blood thinning medications. Heparin, warfarin, and aspirin can cause nosebleeds.
  • Pheochromocytoma is a hormone-dependent tumor of the adrenal gland of a malignant or benign nature. Its main symptom is arterial hypertension with frequent crises, during which nosebleeds are possible. The stable form of the disease is characterized by a persistent increase in blood pressure and, accordingly, frequent episodes of nosebleeds.
  • Malignant neoplasm in the nasal cavity. Various cancerous tumors lead to ulceration of the mucous membrane, impaired nasal breathing, and bleeding.
  • Barometric pressure difference. This is what divers, climbers or pilots encounter.

Why does the nose bleed - for other reasons:

  • Inhalation of chemical irritants.
  • Air travel.
  • Intense sneezing.

Causes in children

Why do babies have nosebleeds? There are many factors, just like in adults. Very common:

  1. Foreign body in the nasal passage.
  2. Fall with damage to the nose.
  3. Mechanical injury with a slimy toy or finger.

The cause of nosebleeds in children at night may be increased pressure or dry air in the room. If this is an isolated case, the bleeding is easy to stop, and there are no other symptoms, then there is no cause for concern. If bleeding occurs repeatedly, does not stop well, the child complains of weakness, various pains, then you should definitely contact a pediatrician and be examined. In such cases, nosebleeds may be due to a serious illness, such as anemia, leukemia, hemophilia, or another disease associated with poor blood clotting.

When is nosebleed one-time and when is it periodic?

Single nosebleed

  1. Injury to the mucous membrane by a foreign object, which is especially typical for young children.
  2. Severe fatigue or stress.
  3. Fever due to acute respiratory infection or other infection.
  4. Overheating of the body during a visit to a bathhouse, sauna, or prolonged exposure to the sun.

If a child develops nosebleeds after using drops with a vasoconstrictor effect, you should stop using them. The mucous membrane is so dry that the nasal capillaries burst.

Single bleeding without massive blood loss is usually not dangerous. But if the episodes are repeated many times, you should be wary and be sure to consult a specialist.

Signal bleeding deserves special attention. It begins suddenly and ends quickly, but the blood loss is significant, and the color of the blood may be unusual - dark, coagulated with flakes and large clots, or red foamy. This may indicate an aneurysm, rupture of a large vessel, disintegration of a malignant neoplasm, pulmonary, gastric bleeding, etc.

Causes of periodic nosebleeds

If blood flows systematically and is accompanied by other symptoms - uterine bleeding, bleeding gums, bruising, fever, joint pain, you should be wary and be sure to first consult with an ENT doctor or therapist. You may have a systemic or malignant disease, such as anemia, pheochromocytoma, thrombocytopenic purpura, leukemia, etc.

Hypertensive patients prone to nosebleeds usually themselves note that blood flows from the nose during a hypertensive crisis. After the pressure normalizes, it stops.

If you cannot stop the child’s bleeding on your own, and there are bruises in different parts of the body, then you should immediately call an ambulance, and then undergo an examination to rule out hemophilia.

If cases of nosebleeds recur, last longer than 20 minutes, or if there are accompanying symptoms, you should definitely visit a specialist to find out and eliminate the cause of the pathological condition.

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What to do if your nose bleeds frequently

Sudden bleeding is always frightening or at least alarming for the reason that ideally the blood should be inside the vessels, and not come out of them to the surface. Blood from the nose always causes the same concern - its causes can lie in two different planes - local problems and general diseases.

Types of nosebleeds

The nose is an olfactory organ, richly innervated and equipped with a huge number of vessels. Injured or weak vessels sometimes leak, which is characterized by varying degrees of intensity: in some cases only a few drops flow out, in others moderate or heavy (profuse) bleeding develops.

Nosebleeds are distinguished by the following symptoms:

  • Localizations;
  • Frequency of occurrence;
  • The mechanism and type of damaged vessels;
  • Volume of blood loss.

The totality of data obtained by the doctor during the examination (examination) of the patient allows one to determine the nature of the bleeding, its causes, as well as assess possible risks and provide first aid. If necessary, further treatment is prescribed.

Localization of nosebleeds

Most often, bleeding occurs from the Kisselbach area - a plexus of blood vessels in the anterior part of the nasal septum. They are harmless and can be easily stopped even by a non-specialist - you just need to know how to stop a nosebleed without the intervention of a medical professional.

Even more often, anterior nosebleeds stop on their own - especially if their volume does not exceed a few drops.

The situation is more complicated and more dangerous with bleeding from the back of the nose: the volume of blood is usually significant. The danger is that outwardly the situation may look like a slight blood loss, since the main volume of blood does not flow out - it ends up in the throat, so the person is forced to swallow it all.

Swallowed blood causes nausea and bloody vomiting: vomit may be scarlet (when fresh blood enters the stomach) or brown (when the blood has already coagulated). You cannot do without medical help here.

Frequency of occurrence

Nosebleeds can be infrequent or recurrent. Rare bleeding that ends quickly and spontaneously does not cause any concern - they are considered a minor nuisance, nothing more. This is indeed true: a small vessel bursting while blowing your nose is unlikely to seriously undermine your health.

Recurrent nosebleeds are a clear reason to be wary and get examined to find out why your nose is bleeding. If blood flows from the nose frequently, this may be a symptom of some disease or passing condition.

Mechanism

There are spontaneous and traumatic mechanisms of nosebleeds. Spontaneously occurring bleeding occurs as if by itself, and traumatic bleeding occurs as a result of injury to the nose with a blow or surgical intervention (for example, removal of the adenoids).

Blood leaks from damaged vessels - arteries, veins or capillaries. The slightest bleeding occurs when small vessels - capillaries - are damaged, the most intense - when arteries are damaged.

Volume of blood loss

The volume of blood leaking from the nose can range from several milliliters to half a liter.

  • Blood loss of a few milliliters is considered insignificant;
  • Blood loss is assessed as moderate if its volume does not exceed 200 ml;
  • We are talking about massive blood loss in cases when up to 300 ml of blood flows out in total or simultaneously;
  • Profuse bleeding is characterized by a large volume - 500 ml and above.

Minor blood loss does not require specialist intervention; in all other cases, you should immediately call a doctor or an ambulance team.

Serious causes of nosebleeds

If you or someone nearby has a nosebleed, the reasons must be determined quickly and accurately, since further tactics of behavior will depend on this.

This can be self-help or calling specialists for further examination and treatment.

Traumatic nosebleeds are always understandable because they begin immediately after a bruise or blow. Everything is clear with postoperative bleeding - here you can never do without blood.

But what to do if there were no injuries, no surgery on the nose, but the blood flows, and flows frequently and for no apparent reason?

Causes of nosebleeds may be associated with the following conditions:

  • Vascular diseases;
  • Diseases of the blood, hematopoietic organs;
  • Infections;
  • Neoplasms in the nasal cavity;
  • Vitamin deficiencies.

With vascular diseases, their walls quickly wear out, becoming brittle and permeable, which is why hypertensive crises are often accompanied by nosebleeds.

Naturally weak capillaries rupture every time, and the nose begins to bleed when blowing the nose or sneezing.

Blood diseases (Werlhof's disease, hemophilia, chlorosis, leukemia, some types of anemia) also cause frequent and sometimes heavy nosebleeds, which can be difficult to stop without medical intervention.

With hepatitis and cirrhosis, coagulopathy occurs - a blood clotting disorder. One of the manifestations of these severe liver lesions is nosebleeds.

Viral and bacterial infections, which people so often get sick in the off-season, cause swelling of the nasal mucosa and irritation of blood vessels, so when you blow your nose and sneeze, a little blood may come out. Such minor bleeding goes away on its own when the sick person recovers.

An exacerbation of any form of sinusitis can also cause nosebleeds - especially when trying to blow your nose.

Polyps, angiomas, papillomas and adenoids are benign neoplasms in the nose, which often cause sudden bleeding, since the tumors are equipped with vessels that are also susceptible to rupture when blowing the nose, snoring or sneezing.

Vitamin deficiency, caused by a deficiency of vitamins C and B3, affects blood clotting. If you experience nosebleeds, you should pay attention to how you eat.

Each of the above conditions can cause nosebleeds at any time of the day - even at night, so a morning spot of blood on the pillow has the same explanation as daytime or evening bleeding.

When not to worry

Nosebleeds occur during pregnancy or other periods of body change when significant shifts in hormonal balance occur. With the stabilization of hormonal levels, nosebleeds stop.

A trip to the bathhouse, a long flight, or climbing high in the mountains cause sharp fluctuations in blood pressure, so slight bleeding is normal and there is no need to worry.

First aid for nosebleeds

You need to stop a nosebleed - how to do it correctly so as not to worsen the condition?

Here are some mandatory measures:

  • Sit the person down, tilt his head forward so that the blood drains from the wings of his nose;
  • If the patient is lying down, you need to turn him on his side so that the flowing blood does not accidentally enter his nasopharynx;
  • Apply a cold object to the bridge of your nose (ice, a piece of frozen meat, a plastic bottle with cold water) - this will help to achieve rapid vasoconstriction;
  • If the measures described are not enough, try pressing your nostril to the nasal septum - a blood clot will quickly form in the damaged vessel, which will close the breakthrough;
  • Use a swab soaked in nasal drops. Naphthyzin and Sanorin help a lot. The tampon should be tight, and it should be inserted deeper into the nasal passage.

It is important not only to know how to stop a nosebleed: you need to be able to correctly assess the situation so as not to waste time on manipulations that are unlikely to help stop the bleeding using improvised means.

If the person’s condition does not improve within the next ten minutes, call an ambulance.

An immediate call to medical personnel is also required in case of heavy bleeding, when blood gushes out like a fountain, and the patient’s general condition quickly deteriorates - he is pale, complains of dizziness, weakness and blurred vision.

There is no need to worry about nosebleeds if they are mild, stop quickly, and occur very rarely. In other cases, you will probably need medical advice and possibly treatment.

It was very interesting and informative to read all this. For me, this topic is especially important and pressing, simply because my younger brother has nosebleeds very often. And this always scared me, I always wondered why this was happening and what was the reason for this phenomenon. Well, of course, I also read about first aid and noted several points for myself.

My daughter had frequent nosebleeds for a while. We went to doctors: a pediatrician and an ENT specialist, but nothing special was discovered. I had to think for myself what to do. We went through an anti-parasitic program, then gave pharmacy Ascorutin, calcium and other multivitamin preparations. It seems that nosebleeds have become much less common, but it still happens sometimes.

The nose bleeds very often. I don’t know if it’s either overwork, or I don’t walk enough, or I rub my nose very hard. I read it and took note of something.

My mother-in-law was bleeding heavily when her blood pressure rose to 170. And the doctor said that this was even good. Could have been a stroke.

Well done! I learned a lot.

My nose started bleeding for the first time in 53 years. Probably due to illness (varicose veins), thanks for the recommendations. The most important thing is not to be scared, but to calmly assess the situation!

Cool website for 3rd grade. They were asked to write a story about a drop of blood. And here everything is clearly written out! Very interesting, I learned a lot.

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Why does my nose bleed?

Causes of nosebleeds

Vessels

weakly elastic, and therefore fragile. When the front ones are affected and damaged, only a slight “drop” will bother you. If those in the depths, the flow from the nose is strong and long.

Intracranial pressure

When intracranial pressure increases, we experience a headache, but when blood flows from the nose, the condition returns to normal. This happens because the body has a “gateway system”: through the nose, blood will drain from the brain and the pressure will decrease. And it can go up for a number of reasons: due to poor liver function, which causes general intoxication of the body, during PMS (in the days preceding the critical period, the hormonal levels are actively rearranged).

Increased blood viscosity

Access of oxygen and nutrients to cells deteriorates, they starve. Intracellular pressure increases (the overall indicator may remain normal or even lower). If the blood supply to the legs and arms is impaired, the hands and feet become covered with red spots and are cold to the touch. The blood becomes viscous when you eat few antioxidants, an excess of animal fats, and if the liver does not have time to process all the harmful substances entering the body.

Weather factor

Bleeding may worsen when it is windy. The air flow goes from an area of ​​high pressure to an area of ​​low pressure. A person must adapt to these changes, which is difficult, especially with vegetative-vascular dystonia. Temperatures near zero are no less dangerous: when the weather center transmits a transition from minus to plus or vice versa. The risk of bleeding is also increased when it is sunny and dry: the dehydrated nasal mucosa is more susceptible to damage.

Other causes of nosebleeds

daily consumption of aspirin, which thins the blood, or simply poor blood clotting, fever, vascular inflammation, infection, allergies (it can lead to drying of the nasal mucosa).

What to do if blood flows from the nose?

Sit up straight or tilt your head forward to temporarily reduce blood flow to the brain (and bleeding). If you tilt it back, the stream may rush into your throat. It is better to sit on a chair with armrests: if the stream is strong, there is a risk of losing consciousness. Apply cold to your nose. If this is the first time or the bleeding continues, call an ambulance.

Do not cauterize!

The doctor you contact may recommend cauterizing the vascular networks in the nose. Do not do that. You will solve the above problem, but if you listen to the doctor’s advice, you will harm your brain and deprive it of relief. If you close the “gateway system,” the blood will stagnate and the risk of stroke will significantly increase. In such an environment he becomes “younger”.

Stop: stress!

When under stress, the brain requires an increased flow of blood (for the same reason, give up physical activity on this day). Rule out possible causes of nosebleeds: inflammation of the nasal cavity (infection, chronic sinusitis, allergic rhinitis), long-term use of certain medications (including vasodilators), connective tissue diseases.

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I’m the only girl in my group who bleeds from her nose almost every day, her parents don’t react, the girl is generally developmentally disabled, she suffered from sepsis in early childhood, and is now noticeably lagging behind intellectually. The parents don’t react in any way, it’s like a normal situation for her, the girl also takes it calmly. In general, I can’t attribute her bleeding to external factors. Maybe this is some peculiarity of hers in connection with the illness she suffered? While we are doing it as described, I wet a handkerchief in cold water and place it on the forehead and nose.

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Why is there blood flowing from my nose?

Most often, nosebleeds appear out of nowhere; the person is not in pain or bothered by anything. But to prevent repeated nosebleeds, you must know its causes and try to get rid of them.

Many people think that nosebleeds are harmless, but they are always a sign of deviation in lifestyle or even a symptom of a disease.

Nosebleeds can be caused by various reasons, including:

High blood pressure is the most common cause of nosebleeds. An increase in blood pressure on the walls of fragile capillaries often breaks them, which is why the nose bleeds. Typically, high blood pressure is often observed in people of retirement age.

Injuries. Mechanical injuries are also one of the common causes of nosebleeds. Blood can come out if a person picks his nose, or during a runny nose - when the nose is injured by handkerchiefs, easily injured nasal vessels during ARVI swell and burst.

Drying out. Drying of the mucous membrane occurs in the cold or in dry indoor air and can lead to bleeding.

Poor blood clotting. Bleeding from the nose can occur with poor blood clotting, as well as in those who take acetylsalicylic acid and other blood-thinning drugs.

Vitamin K. Bleeding caused by poor blood clotting may be associated with a lack of vitamin K. Its sources include spinach, lettuce, all types of cabbage, avocados, bananas, wheat bran, soybeans, meat, eggs, milk and dairy products, olive oil .

Vitamin C. The condition of blood vessels is affected by vitamin C, a deficiency of which increases their fragility. This explains bleeding in children after illness, when the body is weakened and lacks vitamins, as well as in winter and spring. Therefore, it is important to monitor your diet, especially after illness and during the cold season.

Nasal polyps. Polyps are growths in the nasal mucosa that prevent it from functioning normally. The shoots interfere with breathing and put physical pressure on the blood vessels. With polyps, nosebleeds occur quite often, especially in the morning. In addition, dryness of the nose and the formation of crusts leads to picking and new bleeding. Read more about what nasal polyps are and why they form >>

Vegetovascular dystonia. If spontaneous nosebleeds are preceded by headache and tinnitus, and nosebleeds occur against the background of watery discharge, then most likely the cause is vegetative-vascular dystonia. Many people, especially children, do not tolerate weather changes well, due to which blood pressure also changes sharply, the vessels either expand or contract, as a result of which their walls cannot withstand and burst.

Hormones. This reason explains nosebleeds in girls during hormonal changes; this phenomenon is called replacement bleeding. The tissue of the nose and the tissue of the genital organs are of the same type, it is called cavernous tissue. If you examine it under a microscope, you can see a very close interweaving of tangles of blood vessels.

Therefore, when, before the onset of menstruation, blood rushes to the genitals, the cavernous tissues of the nose reflexively swell, the vessels overflow with blood, sometimes they cannot stand it, they burst, and bleeding comes from the nose.

Usually, with the establishment of a constant menstrual cycle, these problems in girls go away, but this does not prevent you from telling your endocrinologist and gynecologist about them during your appointment.

By the way, similar hormonal causes of nosebleeds can occur during pregnancy.

Overheat. Bleeding from the nose is often associated with overheating of the body, for example, in the summer with sunstroke, and in the winter with an increase in temperature during the flu and respiratory infections.

Sudden changes in barometric pressure. Climbers and divers often suffer from nosebleeds due to the fact that they have to endure sudden changes in pressure.

Overwork. Nosebleeds can appear due to severe overwork, work or study loads, lack of fresh air, lack of sleep, stress, and so on. As a result of all these factors, the walls of blood vessels become fragile and brittle, which causes nosebleeds. Therefore, it is important to carefully monitor your lifestyle, get adequate rest and eat well.

In children, 90% of spontaneous nosebleeds occur from the Kisselbach plexus - this is a place at the lower edge of the nasal septum, where there is a very dense network of branched blood vessels. In children, the vessels are located close to the surface, while the mucous membrane is thin, so any damage to the mucosa and sudden dilation of the vessels can cause bleeding.

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What are the reasons for bleeding from the nose?

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The main reasons why blood flows from the nose

Why is my nose bleeding? What causes this phenomenon? Answers to these and other questions can be found. Many patients think that nosebleeds are a completely harmless phenomenon and cannot indicate anything specific. First of all, it should be noted that people who have at least once encountered nosebleeds have thought about the nature and symptoms of this phenomenon.

What influences?

There are specific reasons that cause a runny nose:

  1. High blood pressure. This reason is one of the most common. Blood pressure on the walls of blood vessels may periodically increase, they cannot cope, and bleeding begins. Most often found in older people.
  2. Mechanical damage. We must not forget that a leak can also begin if you pick your nose for a long time. If a patient constantly uses paper tissues for acute respiratory viral infections or acute respiratory infections, then each time he injures his nose, and swelling begins. After some time, the vessels in the nose begin to burst and bleeding begins.
  3. Drying of the nasal mucosa. For example, if you stay in cold or dry heat for a long time, this can lead to bleeding.
  4. Poor clotting. It can be either congenital or acquired. Basically, the blood thins after taking acetylsalicylic acid or drugs that lower blood pressure.
  5. Vitamin K deficiency, which causes poor blood clotting. You need to add foods that contain it to your diet. These include bananas, spinach, dairy products, cabbage (all types), avocado and olive oil.
  6. Lack of vitamin C. If vitamin K affected the degree of blood clotting, then C is responsible for the general condition of the body’s vascular system, ensuring density and elasticity. Therefore, in many patients, after suffering winter illnesses, one can observe general weakness and a lack of multivitamins. During the cold season, it is very important to monitor your diet.
  7. Polyposis. This is a very common disease, which is characterized by the appearance of various formations in the nasal cavity. They prevent the nasal mucosa from functioning normally. Over time, the processes of the polyp begin to have a direct effect on the blood vessels, and therefore bleeding becomes quite commonplace. Most often they are observed in the mornings and at night.
  8. Vegetative-vascular dystonia, which should be designated separately.

What is vegetative-vascular dystonia and hormonal factor?

With this disease, bleeding occurs spontaneously and is accompanied by headaches and tinnitus. Leakage can also occur against the background of watery discharge. Dystonia, for the most part, is diagnosed in those patients who do not tolerate weather changes well. They are especially sensitive to minimal changes in the weather, and their blood pressure begins to spike. In this case, the vessels do not have time to cope with such a load and burst. The disease can be caused by a number of factors, which include:

  1. A hereditary factor, it is often detected in childhood.
  2. Chronic diseases of an unequal system.
  3. Chronic diseases of various body systems (endocrine, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular).
  4. Constant stress and nervous tension.

Among all the reasons, a special place should be given to hormones. This problem is common in girls during their hormonal changes. Such bleeding is beneficial for the female body. The tissues of the genital organs are similar to the tissues of the nasal cavity; they are also called tricky tissues.

Therefore, before the onset of menstruation, blood flows not only to the genitals, but to the tricky tissues. This happens reflexively and the vessels begin to fill excessively with blood, in some cases they cannot stand it and burst.

Similar reasons can occur in many girls during the menstrual cycle. But in case of prolonged bleeding, you should immediately consult a doctor. Such bleeding is quite common in young women.

Temperature and stress

Blood may flow from the nose due to general overheating of the body.

This problem is more common in summer.

Among other equal reasons, barometric pressure also makes a significant contribution. This is typical for people involved in extreme sports: rock climbers, mountaineers, deep-sea divers. The vessels simply cannot cope with the imbalance within the body and the surrounding surface.

Stress can become an integral part of problems. Problems at work or school, lack of moderate physical activity, or, conversely, excessive fatigue affect the processes occurring in the nose. The walls of the nasal vessels become more fragile and brittle; they cannot cope with blood pressure. It is necessary to normalize the working day to avoid such problems.

If your nose is bleeding, you need to stop panicking and try to determine the cause. It is also necessary to seek help from a specialist who can conduct a comprehensive diagnosis, determine the cause and begin treatment.

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Why does the nose bleed often, types of nosebleeds, treatment

A nosebleed can be a frightening but rare surprise. It also happens that this problem interferes with living a peaceful life and causes significant damage to overall health.

Nosebleeds and their classification

The nasal cavity, which is the initial part of the airways, is internally divided into cavities, choanae. They are intertwined from the inside with an abundant network of vessels. Such intensive blood circulation is necessary to maintain the temperature of inhaled air at an acceptable level.

These vessels are protected only by mucous epithelium, which tends to dry out, which sharply reduces its protective purpose. Nosebleeds occur as a result of ruptures of the vessels supplying blood to the nasal cavity. The degree of danger of such situations varies from harmless to critical. They are classified depending on the volume of blood released.

Minor

Total blood loss is about 10 ml. Doesn't pose any danger.

Moderate

Up to 300 ml of blood flows out. Dangerous. Especially if they are frequent.

Massive

Up to a liter of blood may be released. The danger level is high.

Profuse or copious

The volume of blood loss exceeds 1 liter. It poses a very great danger to humans and requires immediate response.

In addition, according to the location of the perforated vessels of the nasal cavity, they are distinguished: anterior and posterior bleeding.

According to the etiology of the disease, we consider:

  • bleeding caused by disorders of the nasal vessels;
  • caused by poor blood clotting;
  • a combination of both factors.
  • According to the course of the disease over time, the following forms are diagnosed:
  • habitual;
  • recurrent;
  • single nosebleeds.

Thus, the proposed classification principles make it possible to describe the disease by the volume of blood lost, by the location of the damaged vessels, as well as by origin and frequency.

Causes of nosebleeds in adults

Based on the classification of the disease, it is clear that it poses a certain threat, therefore it is important, when answering the question why nosebleeds often flow, to highlight the causes of the disease. They can be divided into 2 groups.

Local reasons:

  1. Injuries to the nose and nasopharynx. They can be caused by external reasons: blows, bruises, diagnostic and therapeutic manipulations, and foreign objects. Their danger depends on the area and depth of the injured vessels. As a rule, they are eliminated.
  2. Drying of the nasal mucous membranes caused by illness, exposure to dry and dusty air, and exposure to certain gases leads to fragility of the nasal capillaries. This vascular change also results in bleeding.
  3. Severe curvature of the nasal septum. The degeneration of nasal tissue that occurs in this case also leads to rupture of blood vessels.

General diseases of the body:

  1. Overheating of the body caused by prolonged exposure to stuffy air or under scorching sun rays. Such conditions involve thermoregulatory mechanisms, accompanied by dilation of blood vessels, which can lead to their rupture.
  2. General overwork of the body affects surges in blood pressure, which provokes perforation of blood vessels, especially fragile ones.
  3. Blood diseases. They may be due to low coagulability due to a lack of certain components and vitamin K. Various platelet pathologies also lead to bleeding in general and from the nose in particular.
  4. Lack or absence of vitamins C and P in the body. This provokes fragility of blood vessels.
  5. Hormonal imbalance. It is observed during pregnancy and adolescence.
  6. Vascular atherosclerosis. In places preceding sclerotic areas, there is always an increased load, which can result in ruptures.
  7. Hypertonic disease. In most cases, people suffering from this disease maintain blood pressure with medications, which reduces the independent resistance of the vascular walls, making them less elastic.

Consequently, nosebleeds can occur both as a result of direct effects on blood vessels and as a result of systemic diseases of the body. Many of them are genetically determined, but are also a consequence of an unhealthy lifestyle.

Nosebleeds as a consequence of serious illnesses of the body

The vast majority of the situations described are easily eliminated and do not interfere much with life if you adapt to them. But still, why the nose began to bleed frequently, if it is not caused by injuries, or other understandable situations, needs to be clarified. A visit to a doctor in such situations is necessary.

The fact is that nosebleeds may indicate diseases, the diagnosis and treatment of which should not be delayed; these include the following ailments.

Benign neoplasms

These are hemangiomas, fibromas and papillomas located in the nasal cavity or nasopharynx.

Malignant neoplasms

It could be cancer, sarcoma.

Ulcers and granulomas

Developed in the nose, they can be caused by tubercle bacilli or syphilis. They can lead to chronic vascular perforations.

Hemophilia in its various manifestations

It can lead to severe blood loss even with a very small area of ​​damaged vessels.

Liver pathologies accompanied by coagulopathy

All its forms are manifested by poor blood clotting.

It turns out that in this case, it is not so much nosebleeds that are dangerous, but rather the diseases of which they can be harbingers. The earlier such a disease is diagnosed, the greater the chances of fighting it.

First aid measures for nosebleeds

Nosebleeds always happen suddenly, often causing panic and inappropriate action. Moreover, this state is typical not only for the victim, but also for those who are nearby at that moment. General nervousness only makes the situation worse. First aid measures should be known to everyone.

You can build a certain algorithm of actions:

  1. Sit on a chair with your feet flat on the floor. Bend your torso forward and gently but firmly pinch your nose.
  2. Breathe only through the mouth. Remain in this position for 5 minutes. It is advisable to measure your blood pressure at this time.
  3. At the same time, apply cold to the bridge of the nose, which will give a vasoconstrictor effect. Snow placed in a soft napkin is best suited for this. This loose compress best adapts to the shape of the face. You can use ice or cold water. The dough stored in the refrigerator gives a good effect. The duration of exposure to cold without interruption should not exceed 10 minutes.
  4. When the bleeding rate is low, you can use drops for a runny nose, also to constrict blood vessels.
  5. If the bleeding has not stopped completely, you must resort to tamponade. To do this, it is better to use cotton wool covered with gauze. The resulting tampon is moistened with hydrogen peroxide, a concentration of no more than 3% (this is important!). It should be wet enough to facilitate sliding. The tampon inserted into the nostril is pinched with your fingers and held for up to half an hour.
  6. Folk way. Raise your hand up on the side where the blood is flowing, and with the other hand close this nostril. This technique can be combined with the methods discussed in the previous paragraphs.

Remember, if you are bleeding, stay as calm as possible. Do not talk, cry, blow your nose, or swallow. We must try to solve the problem ourselves, using the suggested methods.

Measures to prevent recurrent bleeding

Sometimes, this disease becomes frequently recurring. To avoid relapses, it is necessary to establish the cause of bleeding and eliminate it, if possible.

Using simple instruments you need to check the humidity level in the room. If it is below 25%, then it should be increased, for example, by spraying. To keep the air free of dust, regular wet cleaning of all surfaces of the room is necessary.

If crusts form in the nasal passages, they should not be forcibly removed. It is necessary to moisten them with salt water and lubricate them with oils. It’s good if such oils contain vitamins C, K and P.

Avoid the presence of allergens, strong smelling substances, and tobacco smoke in the air. It is important to regularly ventilate the room to get rid of substances that can irritate the nasal mucosa.

A hacking cough can also cause bleeding. Therefore, you need to get rid of cough by any available means.

It is known that the problem can suddenly appear during strained bowel movements. It follows that constipation should be avoided.

Obviously, people with frequent nosebleeds need to monitor their blood pressure. Since its high values ​​can lead to vascular perforation.

If, due to the type of activity, a person has to work in an atmosphere of polluted air, then a medical mask should be used. It needs to be moistened or washed occasionally.

If all measures are followed, and the bleeding is profuse, and its causes are not related to environmental conditions, then a visit to the doctor is necessary. Using various techniques, a diagnosis will be made and treatment will be prescribed.

Traditional medicine makes its contribution to solving the problem

At all times, people were worried about why nosebleeds began to flow frequently, and they solved the problem with available means.

Treatment with aloe

A piece of a leaf of this plant, 2-3 cm long, is eaten once a day, before meals. Duration of treatment is 2 weeks.

Viburnum bark

An aqueous extract is prepared from it using 10 g. raw materials, per glass of boiling water. Take 1 tbsp. in a day.

Medicinal tea

Prepared from dried black currants, rose hips and raspberry leaves, in a ratio of 2:2:1, respectively. Drink the resulting drink hot, at least 1-2 times a day.

Based on the proposed recipes, it can be assumed that their effectiveness will be high if the described measures to prevent bleeding are observed, as well as in the absence of serious illnesses.

So, nosebleeds can be either one-time, random, or repeated, minor or heavy. Their degree of danger varies, most often low.

It is important not only to know first aid measures, but also ways to prevent illness. We must remember that nosebleeds can be harbingers of serious illnesses.

Therefore, if the problem worsens, specialist consultation is necessary. Including, such as a surgeon, hematologist, oncologist.

About nosebleeds, causes and first aid measures - in the video:

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