Throat disease

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Diseases of the throat and larynx - causes, symptoms, treatment and prevention

There are other causes of irritation and sore throat:

  • injury or burn to the mucous membrane of the throat and larynx;
  • associated diseases: scarlet fever, whooping cough, influenza, acute respiratory infections;
  • smoking, inhalation of dusty air, smoke;
  • suffocation from inhaling harmful, caustic chemical fumes.

Table of contents:

Let's take a closer look at throat diseases, their symptoms and methods of prevention.

Laryngitis

In case of acute or chronic exacerbation of the laryngeal mucosa against the background of acute respiratory infections, whooping cough, influenza, scarlet fever, hypothermia, laryngitis is diagnosed. The reasons may also be local: gases, vapors, dusty air, irritating the larynx, overstrain of the vocal cords (screaming) due to smoking and drinking alcohol.

Symptoms of acute laryngitis appear:

  • dryness, scratching, sore throat;
  • dry cough and then with sputum;
  • a rough voice with wheezing or soundless;
  • pain when swallowing;
  • headache;
  • elevated temperature up to 37°C.

The illness lasts 7-10 days. In this case, the vocal cords turn red and thicken, and do not close completely during phonation. They become covered with lumps of viscous sputum. With influenza, hemorrhagic pharyngitis develops with the presence of hemorrhages in the laryngeal mucosa.

When unilateral laryngitis passes into the chronic stage of a disease of the throat and larynx, the mucous membrane should be examined to exclude syphilitic or tuberculous lesions and neoplasms.

Chronic laryngitis can be catarrhal, hypertrophic and atrophic. Possible causes: frequent acute laryngitis, sore ear (otitis), inflammation of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses.

Symptoms of chronic catarrhal laryngitis: chronic inflammation of the laryngeal mucosa, including diffuse, hoarse voice, cough with sputum, soreness, hyperemia. The vocal cords thicken and do not close completely during phonation. Also, the appearance of injected blood vessels on them, and paresis on the internal muscles of the larynx. Pain in the larynx radiates to the nose and ear.

  • hoarseness, reaching aphonia, cough;
  • burning and pain radiating to the ear and nose;
  • thickening of the mucosa, especially in the area of ​​the vocal folds;
  • hyperplasia of the mucosa in some places of the larynx: vocal or vestibular folds, the space under the folds.

An examination should be carried out for the presence or absence of tuberculous or syphilis granulomas and malignant tumors.

Symptoms of atrophic chronic laryngitis, accompanied by atrophy and thinning of the mucous membrane of the larynx and upper respiratory tract, appear:

  1. Dry cough, hoarse voice;
  2. Discomfort in the throat: soreness and pain;
  3. Radiating pain to the nose and ear, dry mucous membrane in the nasopharynx with dried crusts of thick mucus;
  4. When coughing, crusts containing blood particles are expelled.

Prevention of laryngitis

  • eliminate the causes of the disease, including smoking and alcoholic beverages;
  • rest the larynx and vocal cords for 5-7 days;
  • do not consume hot, sour, hot and spicy foods;
  • drink warm mineral water without gas, milk, herbal decoctions;
  • gargle more often with chamomile and sage decoction;

To treat the throat, warm oil and alkaline inhalations and bandages, warming vodka compresses, and hot foot baths are used. Also physiotherapeutic methods: microwave therapy, UHF, electrophoresis with novocaine, Sollux, ultraviolet irradiation of the front surface of the neck.

When coughing, you should take Codeine, lozenges. For atrophic laryngitis, areas with hyperplasia are cauterized using silver nitrate (3.5% solution). Severe hyperplasia is treated by surgical removal of areas. At the same time, the nose and ear(s) should be treated for inflammation.

Pharyngitis

Pharyngitis or inflammatory disease of the pharyngeal mucosa can be acute or chronic (atrophic, catarrhal and hypertrophic). Pharyngitis, like other throat diseases, can occur against the background of inflammation of the upper respiratory tract: catarrh, flu, infections.

The causes of acute pharyngitis may be associated with smoking, breathing through the mouth and talking for a long time in the cold, drinking cold drinks, including alcohol, or cold or very hot food. The ear(s) and nose begin to hurt when the infection spreads through the eustachian tubes and upper respiratory tract.

Symptoms of acute pharyngitis appear:

  • discomfort and pain in the throat when chewing and swallowing food and saliva;
  • low-grade fever;
  • hyperemia of the mucous membrane and palatine tonsils with the presence of mucopurulent plaque;
  • folliculosis on the back wall, it looks like red grains;
  • swelling of the uvula.

In children under 2 years of age, with pharyngitis, the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx becomes inflamed, catarrhal rhinitis of the acute stage appears, breathing through the nose is impaired, and the ear(s) become ill. The disease is differentiated from catarrhal tonsillitis.

Chronic atrophic pharyngitis is combined with atrophic runny nose.

  1. Dry cough;
  2. Scratching, soreness and dry throat;
  3. Decreased tone of voice;
  4. The appearance on the thinned and pale mucous membrane of the posterior wall of shine, crusts of dried mucus,
  5. Painful sensations radiating to the nose and ear.

Symptoms of catarrhal and hypertrophic pharyngitis appear:

  • discomfort in the throat, as with atrophic pharyngitis;
  • accumulation of viscous mucus in the throat, causing coughing and expectoration;
  • pain when coughing, radiating to the ear and nose, with nausea and vomiting;
  • the appearance of hyperemia and thickening of the mucosa with the presence of viscous or purulent secretion;
  • grouping of follicles and increasing their size;
  • swelling and thickening of the uvula and soft palate.

Symptoms of hypertrophic pharyngitis appear more clearly. In this case, an increase in lymphoid tissue occurs on the back wall of the pharynx, granules accumulate in it, which leads to granulosa pharyngitis.

The development of lateral hypertrophic pharyngitis is promoted by hypertrophy of lymphoid tissue on the walls on the sides and the appearance of bright red ridges behind the palatine arches.

Prevention and treatment of pharyngitis

  • exclude the causes of the disease;
  • carry out prevention and treatment of major concomitant infectious diseases;
  • gargle frequently with alkaline solutions and herbal decoctions;
  • irrigate the throat with oil and alkaline aerosols;
  • lubricate the mucous membrane with Lugol's glycerin solution;
  • take potassium iodide in solution (3%), vitamin A;
  • use Collargol (2-3%) or Protargol for lubrication.

In the presence of hypertrophic pharyngitis, the granules are additionally cauterized with silver nitrate (5-10% solution). Cryotherapy is used for severe hypertrophic forms of the disease.

Sore throat and tonsillitis

With angina, infectious development occurs in the tonsils of the palate, affecting other lymphadenoid laryngeal and pharyngeal tissues: laryngeal, lingual, nasopharyngeal tonsils. Sore throat can be primary or secondary.

The infection can enter from the outside through airborne droplets, food, and from the mouth and pharynx. From within, the infection comes from dental caries, purulent infections in the nasal cavity and sinuses, and inflammatory processes in the tonsils. The infection is caused by staphylococci, streptococci and pneumococci.

An acute sore throat in the inflamed tonsils of the pharynx, more often in the palatine tonsils, is called tonsillitis.

  • discomfort and pain during swallowing;
  • increased body temperature;
  • pain: head, bones and joints;
  • periodic chills or fever;
  • infections in the nose and ear(s).

In acute angina, the primary inflammatory process occurs in the lymphadenoid ring of the pharynx. Streptococcal tonsillitis leads to intoxication of all organs, damage to important systems, including the immune, nervous and cardiovascular. With frequently recurring tonsillitis, rheumatism and glomerulonephritis develop.

Secondary tonsillitis (symptomatic) develops due to acute infections: adenovirus and herpes, scarlet fever and tuberculosis, measles, diphtheria and mononucleosis. As well as systemic blood diseases: leukemia, agranulocytosis. In this case, the tonsils are affected, as with sore throat: fungal or Simanovsky-Platois-Vincent.

The form of sore throat can be catarrhal, follicular, lacunar and phlegmonous.

With tonsillitis, the inflammatory process manifests itself in the tonsils of the palate in different ways:

  1. The difference between catarrhal tonsillitis and other forms is superficial damage to the tonsils, moderate intoxication and low temperature.
  2. The difference between lacunar is that it has more pronounced symptoms: high temperature 39-40°C, intoxication, poor blood and urine tests, purulent lesions of the tonsils in the area of ​​the lacunae and the spread of pus to the palatine tonsils. It can be easily removed without traces of blood. Sore throat radiates to the ear and nose. When the nose is stuffy, breathing becomes difficult and a mild form of suffocation is felt.
  3. Follicular tonsillitis is characterized by hypertrophied and swollen tonsils with purulent follicles. When the follicle is opened, the plaque of pus does not spread beyond the tonsils.
  4. The difference between a peritonsillar abscess or phlegmonous tonsillitis is acute purulent inflammation of the tissue near the tonsils, unpleasant odor from the mouth, copious salivation, enlargement and soreness of regional lymph nodes. It occurs more often with chronic tonsillitis on one side. There is a sharp one-sided hyperemia and swelling of the soft palate.

Sore throats are fraught with complications: nephritis and meningitis, orchitis, cholecystitis, rheumatism, neck phlegmon and tonsillogenic mediastinitis, otitis, sinusitis, lymphadenitis of regional lymph nodes, purulent lymphadenitis, peritonsillar abscess and peritonsillitis.

Treatment is prescribed by a doctor. Usually penicillin antibiotics, local antiseptics (sprays, aerosols, lozenges), antimicrobial drugs, warm salt gargles with potassium permanganate, soda or herbal decoctions, plenty of warm drinks with the addition of raspberries and lemon, and compresses are used.

Laryngospasm

The cause of laryngospasm in children is rickets, hydrocephalus, spasmophilia, and inaccurate bottle feeding. At the same time, the muscles and nerves of the larynx reflexively become hyperexcitable. In adults, laryngospasm is caused by gas or a foreign body that irritates the throat.

During an attack, the glottis in children closes convulsively and further:

  • suffocation appears;
  • there is a noisy inhalation;
  • cyanosis occurs;
  • limbs twitch;
  • pupils constrict;
  • breathing may stop;
  • less often, consciousness is lost.

After a few seconds, the attack stops with the restoration of breathing. In adults, the attack is accompanied by a severe cough, facial skin flushing and cyanosis.

To stop an attack to irritate the mucous membrane, they sniff ammonia on cotton wool, irrigate the facial skin with cool water, sometimes even lightly prick with a needle, pinch, or tickle the nose. In difficult cases, suffocation is relieved by intubation or tracheotomy.

Between attacks, general restorative treatment and disease prevention are carried out through walks in the park area and vitamin therapy. Children are provided with milk from a donor.

Laryngeal edema

Swelling appears in the larynx with damage not associated with inflammation. The location of the edema is under the mucous tissue (subglottic space, vestibular and aryepiglottic folds, next to the tongue on the epiglottis). Edema can be limited or diffuse.

Choking may occur with large swelling of the larynx due to injuries: chemical, thermal and mechanical, severe allergic reactions.

Edema also appears due to:

  • acute infectious diseases and diseases of the kidneys, heart and vascular systems;
  • collateral edema - due to pathologies of the lymph nodes of the neck, thyroid gland, inflammatory processes of the pharynx;
  • phlegmon on the neck - against the background of laryngitis: phlegmonous or acute, and the appearance of new formations in the larynx.

When swelling occurs when swallowing, a pain in the throat appears and radiates to the ear, and breathing becomes very difficult. With significant stenosis of the lumen of the larynx, suffocation occurs. The pale pink tumor may be gelatinous without contouring anatomical details.

Treatment

To prevent severe laryngeal stenosis from developing and suffocation from occurring, the patient is hospitalized even with minor swelling. As an emergency treatment, the patient should apply a bubble with ice cubes to the neck, and small pieces of which are given to swallow. They use distraction therapy by placing cups, applying mustard plasters, and using hot baths for the feet.

In the hospital, treatment is carried out by:

  • connecting oxygen;
  • using antibiotic aerosols;
  • intramuscular infusion of antibiotics;
  • sulfonamides;
  • dehydration therapy inside a vein;
  • intranasal novocaine blockade;
  • antihistamine diuretics by intramuscular administration (Pipolfen, Suprastin);
  • corticosteroids in aerosols;
  • Hydrocortisone (IM) and Prednisolone (IV) in severe cases;
  • Tracheotomy or prolonged intubation.

Laryngeal stenosis

With stenosis, the lumen of the larynx decreases or completely closes. Choking may occur. An attack of stenosis can be acute or chronic.

Sudden, acute, lightning-fast development of stenosis or gradual, but in a short time (2-3 hours) differs in children:

  1. True and false croup;
  2. Acute laryngotracherbronchitis;
  3. Paralysis of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle on both sides;
  4. Trauma to the larynx: chemical, thermal and mechanical;
  5. The presence of chondroperichondritis, edema or phlegmonous laryngitis in the larynx.

Chronic stenosis develops slowly, the lumen narrows gradually due to scars on the larynx after healed injuries, sclera, after chondroperichondritis, diphtheria, due to tumors and syphilis. If inflammation of the mucous membrane develops again, injury or hemorrhage occurs, a relapse occurs, and the stenosis passes into the acute stage.

  • there is no pause after exhalation before inhalation;
  • the inhalation becomes longer and the number of breaths becomes smaller;
  • the number of respiratory movements correlates with the number of heart pulsations;
  • the tone of the voice decreases, wheezing appears (but not with stenosis due to paralysis of the lower laryngeal nerves);
  • stenotic noise during inspiration is heard over a long distance.

During decompensation - stage II stenosis:

  1. The body lacks oxygen;
  2. Shortness of breath increases;
  3. The mucous membranes and skin become bluish;
  4. The intercostal spaces, jugular, supraclavicular and subclavian fossae sharply retract during inspiration.

The patient is anxious and tossing about, covered in cold sweat, and often breathes with increased respiratory noise.

Symptoms of asphyxia – stage III stenosis:

  • suffocation occurs;
  • heart activity decreases;
  • breathing is rare and shallow;
  • the skin is pale, and the sick are lethargic and indifferent to the world around them;
  • their pupils dilate, breathing stops, they lose consciousness;
  • feces and urine are passed out involuntarily.

The degree of stenosis is assessed by the size of the glottis lumen. When diagnosing, an examination is carried out to exclude tracheal stenosis and pathological breathing due to heart and lung diseases.

Emergency therapy

To exclude stenosis in diseases of the larynx, emergency care is called for hospitalization.

Before her arrival, asphyxia in the compensation stage should be prevented using the following therapeutic methods:

  • mustard plasters on the chest;
  • hot foot baths;
  • cardiac drugs;
  • medicines of a number of morphines;
  • dehydration therapy (removing excess water from the body with diuretics);
  • use an oxygen cushion for breathing.

In the stages of decompensation and asphyxia, they are immediately removed from the attack by tracheostomy or prolonged intubation, in the presence of acute diphtheria stenosis - by regular intubation. Perform artificial ventilation.

For chronic stenoses, scleroma and tumor are treated. For stenoses with scars, bougienage, laryngo- and tracheotomy are used, and the scar tissue is excised.

Pharyngomycosis

When the leptothrix fungus gets on the back wall of the pharyngeal mucosa, the lateral ridges, and the lacunae of the tonsils of the palate, dense whitish spines with a stable base are formed. They can be clearly seen using a pharyngoscope.

The reason is increased proliferation of the epithelium and its keratinization due to prolonged and irrational use of antibiotic drugs, chronic tonsillitis, and hypovitaminosis. It is usually chronic and occurs without any symptoms. It can be discovered accidentally during examination or when discomfort appears in the throat. Laboratory examination of dense spines reveals leptothrix.

Treatment is carried out using Lugol's solution with the presence of glycerin, which is used to lubricate the mucous membranes and tonsils. It is recommended to gargle frequently and wash the lacunae with Quinozol in solution (0.1%) no more than 2 times a week, with a course of 8-10 lubrications. In case of pharyngomycosis against the background of chronic tonsillitis, the tonsils are surgically removed.

Scleroma

Scleroma is a chronic infection. It affects the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. The infection is caused by the Frisch-Volkovich wand.

The disease develops slowly and can progress for a long time.

  • at first, a dense infiltrate appears in the form of flat or tuberous elevations without ulceration. They are located in the place of physiological narrowings: bronchial branches and bifurcations of the trachea, nasopharynx, subglottic space of the larynx, choanae and vestibules of the nose;
  • later, scars on infiltrates appear on several sections of the respiratory tract, which significantly narrows their lumen and disrupts breathing. Localization of infiltrates in one area rarely occurs.

Treatment uses Streptomycin and radiotherapy. Surgical methods are used to bougie, remove or electrocoagulate infiltrates.

Source: http://moylor.ru/gorlo/bolezni/

Diseases of the larynx and throat

Common symptoms that people complain about when they get sick are sore throat when swallowing, cough, and nasal discharge. Such signs may indicate various diseases. The most dangerous thing is that people try to independently diagnose diseases of the larynx and throat, often without even familiarizing themselves with the entire list of diseases. The website ogrippe.com will provide all the information on such a symptom as pain in the throat when swallowing.

It is recommended to consult a doctor if you experience any painful symptoms. This will allow you to prescribe the correct treatment and heal quickly.

Pharyngitis: symptoms and treatment

Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx, which is provoked by inhalation of cold air, tobacco smoke, damage by alcohol, microbes, bacteria and viruses.

Often develops against the background of ARVI and influenza. Treatment is carried out after identifying symptoms of pharyngitis:

  • Swelling of the tongue.
  • Pain when swallowing.
  • Discharge in the form of pus.
  • Burning, soreness and dry throat.
  • Follicles on the walls of the larynx.
  • Dry cough.
  • Temperature rises to 37°C.
  • The appearance of mucus on the mucous membrane, and then a crust in the chronic form of pharyngitis.

Consulting a doctor will help you choose the right course of medications. The course of treatment will include taking vitamin A, gargling and inhalation. Also, spicy and sour foods are excluded from the diet, as they irritate the pharyngeal mucosa.

Laryngitis: symptoms and treatment

Laryngitis has similar causes to pharyngitis: irritation from tobacco smoke, dust, gases, hypothermia, smoking, etc.

Occurs against the background of whooping cough, influenza, acute respiratory infections, scarlet fever. Laryngitis is an inflammatory process that occurs on the mucous membrane of the larynx. Treatment is prescribed after identifying the following symptoms:
  1. Runny nose and cough.
  2. Temperature more than 37.5°C.
  3. Frequent breathing with noise.
  4. Labored breathing.
  5. Headache.
  6. Swelling of the mucous membrane.

Laryngitis is easily treated at home by using inhalations, heating and taking anti-inflammatory drugs. The patient is prohibited from being in smoky or cold rooms. It is also recommended to talk less to give your throat a rest. It is prohibited to smoke, drink alcohol, or eat spicy, hot, or sour foods.

Sore throat: symptoms, types and treatment

Sore throat is a disease in which inflammation of the tonsils occurs. Symptoms and treatment depend on the type of sore throat:

  1. Follicular – the appearance of follicles and swelling of the tonsils.
  2. Phlegmonous - damage to fiber and the appearance of inflammation.
  3. Catarrhal - mildly affecting the tonsils, in which the temperature fluctuates around 37°C. If this type of sore throat is not treated, then it will develop into the follicular or lacunar form.
  4. Lacunar - damage to the tonsils and formation of pus.

Lacunar and follicular forms of sore throat can be identified by the appearance of a temperature of up to 40 degrees, intoxication, weakness and muscle pain. Phlegmonous tonsillitis is determined by the following symptoms:

  • Smell from the mouth.
  • Sore throat.
  • Enlarged lymph nodes.
  • Weakness in the body.
  • Chills.
  • Copious secretion of saliva.
  • Headache.
  • High temperatures up to 40°C are possible.

Treatment of all types of sore throats is different, but includes the following sets of measures:

  1. Bed rest.
  2. Warm, plenty of drink.
  3. Taking antibacterial medications.
  4. Eating soft food.
  5. Inhalations.
  6. Gargling.
  7. Applying compresses to the affected area.

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Description of laryngospasm

Laryngospasm often occurs in children when diseases or conditions such as hydrocephalus, rickets, spasmophilia or artificial feeding are detected. Laryngospasm can be identified by the following description of symptoms and complaints:

  • Constriction of the pupils.
  • Closure of the passage of the vocal cords due to spasms (convulsions).
  • Limb spasms.
  • Respiratory arrest and fainting in some cases.
  • Noise when inhaling.

In adults, the symptoms are similar, but add:

Swelling of the larynx

Swelling of the larynx is not an independent disease. The reason for its appearance may be the following:

  1. Various lesions of the larynx.
  2. Injuries to the mucous membrane.
  3. Phlegmonous laryngitis.
  4. Infections.
  5. Allergic diseases.
  6. Diseases of the heart, blood vessels and kidneys.
  7. Laryngeal sore throat.
  8. Purulent processes in the pharynx or peripharyngeal space.

Laryngeal swelling may not always be accompanied by inflammation. Its main symptoms are pain when swallowing, swelling and difficulty breathing. To eliminate laryngeal swelling, treatment is carried out mainly to eliminate the root cause.

Laryngeal stenosis

Laryngeal stenosis manifests itself in the closure of the airway (partial or complete). The cause may be swelling of the larynx, bee or wasp stings, phlegmonous laryngitis, trauma, syphilis, diphtheria and various tumors.

Laryngeal stenosis can be recognized by the following symptoms:

  • Labored breathing.
  • Cold sweat.
  • Dyspnea.
  • Noise when inhaling.
  • Restless state.
  • Hoarseness in the voice.
  • Blue color of the mucous membrane and skin.
  • Loss of consciousness, apathy and respiratory arrest in advanced form.

If laryngeal stenosis occurs, hospitalization is required. The course of treatment is prescribed by the doctor, but it may include:

  1. Hot foot baths.
  2. Use of medications: Suprastin, Calcium Chloride, Diphenhydramine, etc.
  3. Applying mustard plasters to the calves.
  4. Inhalation with humidified oxygen.
  5. Surgical intervention for severe forms of the disease.

Acute laryngeal stenosis develops quickly and very clearly. It develops against the background of trauma, foreign bodies, phlegmonous laryngitis, etc. Chronic laryngeal stenosis develops gradually and can become acute. It is formed against the background of injuries, scars in the larynx, syphilis, diphtheria, tumors, etc.

Other diseases of the ear, nose and throat

The disease is not always localized where symptoms appear. Often other diseases of the ear, nose and throat can cause pain when swallowing. For example, diseases of the nose that provoke a sore throat can be sinusitis, sinusitis, rhinitis, nasal boil. Throat diseases, as already noted, manifest themselves in pharyngitis, laryngitis and tonsillitis. Diseases of the ear that can affect the condition of the throat are otitis media, eustachitis, and tympanitis.

The ear, throat, and nose have a communicating system with each other, so often diseases of one organ lead to various painful sensations in the other. This is why any illness should be treated as it can lead to poor health:

  • Decreased immunity.
  • CNS disorder.
  • Disorders in the cardiovascular system.

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Throat diseases in children

Throat diseases often occur in children. A young organism is constantly in its development. Lymphoid tissue is still developing, and the immune system is developing and is not strong. That's why parents should not hesitate to contact pediatricians when their children start to have a sore throat and fever.

Frequent childhood diseases are otitis media, bronchitis, tracheitis, and sinusitis. Since children cannot fully describe their own condition, health diagnostics are carried out on the basis of objective data. Symptoms of the disease are:

  1. Facial redness.
  2. Decreased activity.
  3. Moodiness or drowsiness.

The treatment of throat diseases in children should be carried out by a specialist. Not all drugs that help adults are suitable for children. Many of them have side effects and contraindications. The doctor will prescribe medications that taste good. It is also necessary to gargle with solutions and lubricate the tonsils with emulsions.

Movement disorder

Another cause of sore throat is movement disorders in the form of paresis (partial) or paralysis (complete stop of the functions of the larynx). Factors in such processes are inflammatory processes in the nerves or muscles of the larynx. They are provoked by traumatic brain injuries, syphilis, multiple sclerosis, and intracranial hemorrhages. A movement disorder is defined by disturbances in speech, breathing and spasms.

Forecast

Health depends on the person himself, who reacts in a timely manner to the symptoms that appear and takes all therapeutic measures for his own recovery. The prognosis depends only on the severity of the disease and its neglect. For the most part, doctors quickly cure people of throat diseases.

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Diseases of the throat and larynx: symptoms and treatment of the disease

There are many different diseases of the throat and larynx. These can be inflammatory diseases that occur in an acute form, or chronic diseases that are general in nature.

Causes and symptoms of diseases of the throat and larynx

The following reasons can influence the development of the inflammatory process:

  • Various viruses, fungi, pathogens that infect the mucous membranes of the throat and tonsils.
  • Injuries to the throat area or the appearance of tumors.
  • Angina.
  • Thyroid diseases.
  • Great strain on the throat ligaments.
  • External irritants such as smoking, fizzy drinks.

Symptoms of throat diseases are:

  • Soreness and dry mouth.
  • Depending on the type of disease - increased body temperature.
  • Pain while swallowing.
  • Headache.
  • Dry cough, tearing the throat.
  • When you press on the lymph nodes, they give off pain.
  • The palatine tonsils become covered with plaque.
  • The throat becomes red, the mucous membrane begins to swell.

Only treatment started in a timely manner promotes a speedy recovery. But most people, at the slightest sign of relief, immediately stop taking medications, without waiting for final recovery to occur. This is precisely what is fraught with danger in throat diseases. Because an untreated disease develops into a chronic one, which will recur regularly. In addition, many diseases have a negative impact on many organs of the human body.

Common diseases of the throat and larynx

Acute inflammatory diseases of the throat and larynx are of the following types:

Among the chronic ones, the following are distinguished:

  • Movement disorders.
  • Sensitivity disorder.
  • Burns and injuries to the throat and larynx.
  • Laryngeal stenosis.

Now let's look at each disease in more detail.

Angina

With angina, the lymphadenoid tissue of the tonsils becomes inflamed. This disease of the larynx can be infectious-allergic. As a result, sore throat is of three types: primary, secondary and specific.

Primary tonsillitis is considered the most common. It is caused by staphylococci, pneumococci, streptococci, adenoviruses, influenza viruses, Candida fungus, and anaerobes. The route of transmission from person to person is airborne or household, from carriers of this disease or sick people. Hypothermia or weakened immunity can trigger inflammation.

Secondary tonsillitis smoothly follows from such acute inflammatory diseases as scarlet fever, measles, adenovirus and others.

Specific tonsillitis is provoked by certain specific infections, such as fungal tonsillitis or Simanovsky-Plaut-Vincent tonsillitis.

Pharyngitis

This is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx. As an independent disease, it is rare; it mainly interacts with inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, which occur acutely. Its symptoms are: sore throat, pain when swallowing, plaque on the mucous membrane in the form of pus.

If you start this disease and do not eliminate the factors that have a negative impact on the mucous membrane, acute pharyngitis will develop into chronic. This form can be contributed by constant runny nose, dental caries, heart and kidney diseases, tonsillitis.

Laryngitis

With this disease, the mucous membrane of the vocal cords becomes inflamed. Laryngitis occurs against the background of concomitant diseases, such as acute respiratory infections, whooping cough, influenza and others. It can occur as a result of hypothermia, inhalation of unfavorable fumes, smoking, dust, which is an irritating cause.

Initial symptoms manifest themselves as a sore throat, then a dry cough occurs, which gradually becomes wet, the voice begins to wheeze, and pain appears when swallowing. The mucous membranes of the larynx begin to swell, and the vocal cords begin to thicken.

Adenoiditis

It occurs due to a viral infection that affects the pharyngeal tonsil. Unbearable headaches appear, breathing difficulties begin, a severe cough begins to bother you at night, and the runny nose becomes purulent. Due to sleepless nights, a person becomes absent-minded, constantly sleepy, and chronic fatigue occurs. If left untreated, chronic diseases such as sinusitis, otitis media, and tonsillitis occur. Adenoiditis is treated by washing the nasopharynx with antiseptic solutions and laser therapy. In severe advanced cases, surgery is required.

Laryngeal edema

It is not an independent disease. Edema of the larynx occurs against the background of phlegmonous laryngitis, laryngeal tonsillitis, purulent processes in the pharynx and peripharyngeal space, and many others.

Laryngeal swelling may not be inflammatory. It occurs as an allergic reaction to medications, cosmetics or foods. In addition, laryngeal edema is caused by diseases of the heart and blood vessels, as well as kidneys. Injuries can easily cause swelling.

They manifest themselves in complete or partial suspension of the larynx. This is promoted by inflammation in the muscles of the larynx or in the laryngeal nerves. Respiratory disorders are provoked by traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, intracranial hemorrhage, and syphilis. Speech and breathing become difficult, and spasms occur.

This disease of the larynx occurs due to neuropsychiatric disorders. It is necessary to treat the central nervous system.

In this case, the lumen of the larynx closes partially or completely. Laryngeal stenosis can be acute or chronic.

Acute stenosis occurs due to swelling of the larynx, as a result of injury, when a foreign body enters, with phlegmonous laryngitis and many other reasons. It appears suddenly and develops quickly.

With chronic stenosis, the lumen of the larynx begins to narrow gradually. This disease occurs after injuries or if there is scarring in the larynx, as well as as a result of diseases such as syphilis, diphtheria, with various tumors, and can easily become acute.

How to treat diseases of the throat and larynx

Regardless of the type of disease of the throat and larynx, treatment should begin immediately when the first symptoms appear. Only in this case can the spread of infection be stopped at its very beginning, preventing it from becoming chronic.

Treatment is prescribed by a doctor depending on the type of disease, the causes of its occurrence and other parallel diseases. For example, pharyngitis is treated with drugs that have a local effect (lozenges and sprays that need to be irrigated in the throat). In addition, the patient should gargle and apply alcohol compresses.

When treating laryngitis, the first step is to eliminate the causes of inflammation. Additional measures may include steam inhalation, hot foot baths and drinking plenty of fluids.

Antibiotics for the treatment of sore throat should only be prescribed by a doctor. Self-medication with them can have the opposite effect. In addition, there are a great many antibiotics, and for the treatment of a certain form of inflammatory disease of the throat and larynx, only a specific type is suitable, which only a doctor can know. He must draw up a medication regimen so that the treatment is as successful as possible.

If diseases of the throat and larynx are caused by a fungal infection, then it is necessary to select appropriate medications only after laboratory tests and clarification of the diagnosis.

Prevention of diseases of the throat and larynx

To get sick as little as possible, you need to regularly engage in disease prevention. It is necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle, walk a lot in the fresh air and play sports. When a seasonal epidemic of throat diseases occurs, it is good to use a salt solution for gargling and rinsing the nose for prevention.

If the first symptoms of a cold appear, you should:

  • Quit smoking, at least temporarily.
  • Talk less to protect your throat ligaments.
  • Get plenty of rest.
  • Drink as much warm water as possible.
  • To find out the correct diagnosis and start treatment, you need to see a doctor.

If you follow all these rules, you can easily prevent the development of the disease or avoid complications.

  • Author: Irina Vasilievna Komarova
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What are the types of throat diseases?

Throat diseases occur all the time, especially during cold periods of the year. It’s so easy to get a cold in your nasopharynx or get an infection. And then the person falls out of normal life for at least a week. It is necessary to treat diseases associated with the throat, otherwise there is a risk of complications. As a rule, if unpleasant symptoms occur in the nasopharynx, you need to contact an otolaryngologist, or, more simply, an ENT specialist.

Throat diseases: causes

There are many diseases associated with symptoms in the nasopharynx, but there are no causes that cause them. These include:

  1. Viruses. Lately there are more and more of them. The lion's share of them causes diseases of the nasopharynx. Most often you may encounter influenza, measles, and chickenpox. All these viral infections cause severe sore throat. Particularly dangerous is mononucleosis, which begins like a regular sore throat.
  2. Bacteria. When they enter the body, they begin to multiply uncontrollably, which causes illness. Common bacterial infections include diphtheria, scarlet fever and tonsillitis. They also include the rather rare disease epiglottitis. It most often affects young children and is extremely dangerous because it disrupts the airway.
  3. Fungal. A fungus actively multiplies in the nasopharynx, which causes plaque on the walls of the throat and tonsils. Such diseases are called mycosis. In most cases they manifest themselves as pharyngitis, sore throat, laryngitis.
  4. Tumors. Alas, oncology can also affect the nasopharynx. Foreign formations can be primary and secondary. Primary ones are characterized by a tumor growing in the pharynx. If the stage still allows, then it can be removed. The secondary stage is metastases in the nasopharynx.
  5. Mechanical damage. This also happens.

There really aren’t many reasons, but there are a lot of varieties of throat diseases.

Main symptoms

In most cases, a sore throat is not an isolated symptom. Associated signs of diseases:

  1. Temperature increase. Sometimes even up to 40 degrees.
  2. General weakness, aches.
  3. Headache.
  4. Runny nose.
  5. Enlarged lymph nodes.
  6. Plaque on the tonsils.
  7. Copious secretion of saliva.
  8. Feeling of a lump in the throat or a foreign body.

All these symptoms in different combinations come with pain and redness in the throat, and signal various diseases. After examining and collecting information, the ENT specialist will be able to establish an accurate diagnosis in order to prescribe correct and effective treatment.

Throat diseases: types

It all depends on the cause and the pathogen. The most common diseases of the nasopharynx include:

  • Pharyngitis;
  • Angina;
  • Tonsillitis;
  • Flu;
  • Laryngitis;
  • Adenoiditis;
  • Diphtheria, scarlet fever, infectious mononucleosis. Nowadays they are rare, but they still happen.

Each of these diseases needs to be treated. They are all scary not because of their symptoms, but because of their complications. The sooner proper treatment begins, the lower the risk of negative consequences.

Angina

Most people often confuse sore throat and tonsillitis. It is popularly believed that a red throat is a sore throat. In fact, this disease is much less common. It is caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of staphylococcus, which is a bacterium. Treatment requires an antibiotic, otherwise there is a risk of complications with the kidneys and heart.

Sore throat is dangerous due to its consequences if treated incorrectly or untimely. Anti-inflammatory drugs for the nasopharynx alone will not help, they will only alleviate the symptoms. Only antibiotic. It is very important.

To alleviate the condition, you can use antipyretics, painkillers, and rinses.

Also, do not forget about plenty of warm drinks. After all, due to bacteria, intoxication of the body occurs. And the liquid helps remove harmful substances.

Pharyngitis

It is rare as an independent disease. More often it occurs as a complication after other diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane. The main symptoms include a severe dry cough, dry throat, and sore throat. There may also be a feeling of a constant lump in the throat. If left untreated, a chronic form will occur.

An ENT doctor is the doctor who can make the correct diagnosis and administer medication. In most cases, spicy and sour foods are removed from the patient’s diet so as not to irritate an already sore throat. A lot of warm drinks and lubricating the throat with Iodinol or another effective drug are prescribed.

Laryngitis

A hoarse voice is the first sign. This disease affects the vocal cords and they become inflamed. Most often, laryngitis occurs after whooping cough or influenza. May be a consequence of constant smoking, inhalation of dirty air. First, the patient begins to have a dry cough, but after a while it becomes wet. Pain occurs in the nasopharynx when swallowing, and the voice gradually deepens due to swelling of the mucous membranes of the larynx. It is especially difficult for the patient when lying down; swelling prevents normal and free breathing.

Laryngitis is especially dangerous for young children. If they swell, they may suffocate. If a child has difficulty breathing, immediate medical attention is needed. While she is waiting, the baby needs to be put under a hot shower. The steam will relieve the spasm.

For treatment, inhalations and compresses are usually prescribed. The air in the room must be well humidified - this will make breathing easier for the patient.

Tonsillitis

Throat conditions include tonsillitis, which is very common. It all starts with inflammation of the tonsils. And this leads to pain when swallowing, increased temperature, and the formation of pus on the tonsils.

The disease is most often caused by viruses. Therefore, treatment is mainly based on taking anti-inflammatory drugs, drinking plenty of fluids, and bringing down the temperature. It is also advisable to take vitamins. Rinsing with baking soda and salt and inhalations help a lot.

Adenoiditis

When a patient seeks help, an ENT specialist, examining the throat, may detect inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsil. The symptoms of adenoiditis are quite specific: severe headache, choking cough, difficulty breathing. If treatment is started, chronic diseases such as sinusitis, tonsillitis, and pharyngitis are possible. In severe cases of adenoiditis, even removal of the tonsil is prescribed. But in most cases, washing and rinsing with anti-inflammatory agents is sufficient.

Tumors

Throat diseases are not always safe and harmless. The trouble is that it is almost impossible to diagnose tumors in the early stages. They are found when they have already reached a large size.

The main symptoms that scream about oncology:

  1. Lump in the throat, soreness, pain when swallowing, sensation of a foreign body in the throat.
  2. Difficulty breathing.
  3. Discharge of bloody mucus from the nose.
  4. Profuse salivation.
  5. Ear congestion.
  6. Toothache, but they are healthy.
  7. Otitis media, hearing loss, ear pain.
  8. Hoarseness of voice.

With such signs, there is no time to waste. What traditional methods can help with oncology? None. Moreover, there is a chance that the tumor will be benign. In the early stages, even experienced doctors (ENT and oncologist) will not be able to determine by eye whether the neoplasm is benign. Large-scale surveys are needed.

Laryngeal stenosis

Refers to rare diseases. It can be acute or chronic. As a rule, the acute stage occurs after injury. The disease is characterized by a narrowing of the lumen in the larynx. In fact, throat diseases usually do not have catastrophic consequences. But laryngeal stenosis without assistance can lead to suffocation.

An ENT specialist is required as soon as stenosis is suspected. The patient needs to be examined and treated, and in many cases surgery may be necessary.

Mechanical damage

There are situations when the larynx suffers mechanical damage. This happens more often in young children because they may swallow a foreign object. And he, in turn, scratches the throat, and may even get stuck there. In such cases, an ENT is urgently needed. Perhaps the item can be removed without damaging the throat. If there is a wound, it is important to treat it to prevent infection.

Adults can also be affected. After all, you can accidentally swallow a fish bone or a large piece of solid food. Singers also often have mechanical injuries, because the ligaments can be overloaded. Therefore, in this profession, after concerts, it is advisable to talk less for several days, and if you do talk, do so quietly.

Prevention

Throat diseases need prevention, then the risk of severe disease and complications will be minimized. Prevention methods include:

  1. Staying outdoors.
  2. To give up smoking.
  3. The room should always be ventilated and sufficiently humidified.
  4. Avoid eating too hot or cold food.
  5. Nutrition should be complete. The body needs vitamins.
  6. We must not forget about basic hygiene - you need to wash your hands. This will minimize the risk of getting an infection.
  7. If you have a sore throat, you need an ENT urgently.

Nowadays it is fashionable to self-medicate. After all, ordinary Internet users began to consider themselves excellent doctors, drawing information from the World Wide Web. And in such cases, an ENT specialist with experience is needed. Self-medication can lead to dire consequences. Everyone has to do their own thing, so you need to let the doctor do his job.

Conclusion

Throat diseases are quite common. Every third diagnosis is related to nasopharyngeal problems. Such diseases especially often affect young children, because they are more susceptible. The most common diagnoses associated with the throat include: sore throat, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, adenoiditis. Mechanical injuries and damage are also possible. As a rule, in addition to a sore throat, a person also suffers from fever, cough, runny nose, headache and ear pain. If we are talking about laryngeal stenosis, then the patient begins to choke.

In order to avoid complications and minimize the risk of getting sick, preventive measures are needed. And most importantly, visit an otolaryngologist if any problems arise. An ENT specialist is the doctor who will help you accurately determine the cause of pain, make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment.

If such diseases are neglected, complications on the heart and kidneys are possible. Therefore, you should not get carried away with self-medication, especially with traditional methods. If you want to be treated with folk remedies, then only after the approval of a doctor such as an ENT specialist. After all, health is our main value, and it must be protected!

Reader comments and opinions:

I often suffer from pharyngitis. The feeling of tickling and burning is disturbing. I am being treated with Trachisan, these tablets help to quickly get rid of discomfort in the throat.

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The most common throat diseases: symptoms and treatment

Each of us at least once in our lives has encountered such an unpleasant symptom as a sore throat. Some people immediately begin treatment and take antibiotics, while others simply ignore the discomfort and wait for other symptoms of the disease to appear or for everything to go away on its own.

The causes of a sore throat can be different; in order to prevent serious consequences, you need to have an idea of ​​what diseases of the throat and larynx exist, what their signs and symptoms are, and what needs to be done for a speedy recovery.

The most common diseases of the throat and larynx with descriptions

Types of diseases of the throat and larynx can be divided into several groups:

  • Viral and bacterial are the most common diseases today, the causative agents of which are bacteria and viruses.
  • Fungal diseases are diseases that appear as a result of very active reproduction of mold and yeast-like fungi. Most often they are expressed through sore throat, laryngitis or pharyngitis. With fungal infections there is always a coating of cheesy mass, severe sore throat, but without fever. Usually, mycosis occurs as a result of decreased immunity, vitamin deficiency, courses of antibiotic therapy or treatment with hormonal medications. Problems with the gastrointestinal tract can also lead to the appearance of mycosis.
  • Tumor diseases are diseases of the larynx and throat that can be caused by tumor processes in the body. The tumor is primary, when it first forms in the larynx, and secondary, when it manifests itself as metastases from cancer of other organs. In this case, patients may feel a “lump in the throat,” the presence of a foreign body, and difficulty swallowing food. The voice may also change, becoming hoarse and hoarse.
  • Externally induced are diseases caused by an allergy to irritants in the environment or a reaction to very dry air.

ARVI and flu - the throat may feel dry, sore and painful when swallowing, hoarseness, sneezing, cough, runny nose, body aches. The temperature often does not rise above 38 0C. Taking antibiotics in this case is completely ineffective, since these drugs are designed to fight bacteria, not viruses.

For acute respiratory viral infections, it is worth taking antiviral drugs and/or immunomodulators. To relieve the symptoms of ARVI, gargle with chamomile and sage decoctions, which relieve inflammation well. And also purchase sprays with a mild analgesic effect or lozenges with eucalyptus and sage.

Support your immune system with vitamin C and drink plenty of warm, but not hot, liquids. Compotes with rose hips, honey, and herbal teas are well suited for these purposes.

Adenoiditis is a disease that occurs as a consequence of a viral infection that affects the pharyngeal tonsil. Symptoms include severe headaches, sore throat, breathing problems, and purulent runny nose. If the disease is not diagnosed in time, it can develop into otitis media, tonsillitis, and sinusitis.

To treat adenoiditis, rinsing the nasopharynx with antiseptic solutions and laser exposure are used. In severe cases, it may lead to surgery.

Throat diseases and larynx diseases

Infectious mononucleosis, or herpes virus type IV, has similar symptoms, and a sore throat can be combined with loss of energy, headache, nausea, and fever. Then signs appear like a sore throat, the cervical lymph nodes become swollen, nasal breathing becomes difficult, and the timbre of the voice changes. The palatine and nasopharyngeal tonsils become covered with plaque. Sometimes a yellowish tint of the skin and a rash may appear.

It is transmitted by airborne droplets, more often in closed groups, for example, kindergartens, and remains in the body throughout life; with a decrease in immunity, a relapse of the disease can occur. Only a doctor can prescribe the correct treatment, and only he can assess the advisability of taking antibiotics.

Sore throat is one of the most common ailments. Most often it occurs due to streptococcus, less often mycoplasma, chlamydia, gonococcus or tuberculosis bacillus.

The onset of the disease is most often manifested by high fever and very severe sore throat. The larynx is red and inflamed, the tonsils are coated with white. Often accompanied by joint pain and migraine.

Keep in mind that antibiotic treatment cannot be avoided for this disease, otherwise there can be very serious complications. If you suspect you have a sore throat, seek help from a doctor as soon as possible. Among the medications prescribed, broad-spectrum antibiotics or based on bacterial culture, as well as anti-inflammatory drugs.

If you have a sore throat, you should stay in bed; it is recommended to eat pureed soft food and drink plenty of warm liquids. If you want to get better quickly and relieve inflammation, then use rinses with decoctions of sage, linden, chamomile, solutions of miramistin and furatsilin.

You can also use stronger agents, for example, a 1% solution of iodinol, a solution of hydrogen peroxide, a solution of potassium permanganate, a solution of boric acid, and calendula tincture. This will help quickly relieve sore throat and cleanse the mucous membrane.

It is effective to use inhalations with herbal decoctions, such as chamomile, eucalyptus, Siberian elderberry, and marigold flowers. And for enlarged lymph nodes, compresses with alcohol, menovazine, novocaine and menthol will be very useful.

Chronic diseases of the larynx and throat

Chronic tonsillitis is a chronic inflammation of the tonsils. Both adults and children suffer from it, and the cause is most often repeated sore throats, acute respiratory infections or diseases such as scarlet fever, diphtheria and measles. When nasal breathing is persistently impaired, immunity is low, sinusitis, rhinitis and sinusitis occur very often, then the risk of developing chronic tonsillitis is high.

During an exacerbation of the disease, the same treatment is prescribed as for angina. But in order to completely get rid of this scourge, it is necessary to cure, first of all, the ailments that contribute to the appearance of chronic tonsillitis.

Throat diseases similar to sore throat and ARVI

  • Scarlet fever - the disease begins with severe inflammation and redness of the throat. The temperature rises and the child may refuse to eat. The difference between scarlet fever and ARVI will be a gray-yellow coating on the tongue at the beginning of the disease; on the second or third day of the disease, the coating disappears and the tip of the tongue becomes crimson. Within two days, a pink rash appears on the body, which then turns red and acquires a burgundy hue. Most often, the disease is treated at home with antibiotics and bed rest. Remember that within 7-10 days a sick child can infect others, so you should limit his contact with other people.
  • Diphtheria is a disease that can come in different forms. There are diphtheria of the larynx, croup and pharynx. In most cases, the onset of the disease is expressed by swelling of the larynx and nasopharynx, sore throat, runny nose, headache, nausea, difficulty breathing, and enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. Diphtheria is often confused with tonsillitis, as they have a number of common symptoms, such as fever, headache, pain when swallowing, red tonsils or yellowish pustules in follicular tonsillitis.
  • The main difference between a sore throat and diphtheria is that in the first case the pain when swallowing is very strong, and in the second the pain is much weaker. With diphtheria, there is a very strong enlargement of the lymph nodes, up to swelling of the neck. With a sore throat, after a couple of days the temperature subsides, and the pain in the throat and larynx goes away, but during diphtheria the temperature constantly rises and the patient’s condition becomes worse and worse.
  • Today, diphtheria is much less common, but requires its exclusion when making an accurate diagnosis. Treatment of diphtheria is possible only with the help of antitoxic anti-diphtheria serum and antibiotics; sometimes the administration of corticosteroid drugs is required. In any case, only a doctor can make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe adequate treatment; self-medication in this case is unacceptable.

Rare diseases that cause a sore throat

Epiglottitis is a very rare disease, most often found in children under 4 years of age. It is very dangerous because it can lead to obstruction of the airways. The disease manifests itself as pain in the larynx and throat, fever, drooling and nasal congestion; a characteristic feature is hyperemia and swelling of the epiglottis.

Lips and fingertips may turn blue. To breathe, the patient has to stretch his neck, open his mouth and stick out his tongue. The disease is caused by Haemophilus influenzae, which causes meningitis and pneumonia.

The disease can be diagnosed and treated only in a hospital setting. And the sooner the correct diagnosis is made, the better for the patient, since the disease develops rapidly and can be fatal.

Frequent illnesses with sore throat

Pharyngitis is a disease that is accompanied by a feeling of dryness in the throat, dry cough, stabbing pain in the larynx, and soreness. During swallowing and when trying to open your mouth wide, the pain intensifies. There may be discomfort, similar to a lump in the throat. The mucous membrane in the throat is red and inflamed, there may be plaque and pus may be released.

Pharyngitis as an independent disease is very rare; more often it appears in combination with inflammatory processes of the upper respiratory tract in an acute form. Pharyngitis can be catarrhal, atrophic and hypertrophic. In the latter form, the need to splutter and cough is especially acute. In the morning, these processes may even be accompanied by vomiting and nausea.

When treating the disease, exclude hot, spicy, sour foods, and drink plenty of liquids with vitamin content, for example, fruit drinks and compotes. You can rinse your mouth with iodinol, alkaline solutions, lubricate the mucous membrane with a solution of Lugol with glycerin, a solution of collargol and protargol.

But remember that these are only additional methods of treatment, and you cannot avoid visiting a doctor, because the chronic form of pharyngitis appears very easily without proper treatment, and getting rid of it is not so easy.

Laryngitis is inflammation of the vocal cords and larynx. The main sign of laryngitis is a hoarse voice or lack of voice and a barking cough. The patient may feel a scratching pain in the throat, and later phlegm may appear when coughing.

For young children, in whom it occurs most often, it is most dangerous. The structural features of a child's larynx are such that in a supine position, especially at night, there is a high chance of swelling of the larynx, and this can greatly complicate the child's breathing.

In this situation, medical intervention and an ambulance call are required. Before the doctors arrive, you should lift the child upright and provide him with a warm, moist environment to relieve the spasm; a bath with a hot shower is quite suitable for these purposes.

Chronic laryngitis can be caused not only by bacteria, but also by external factors, for example, vocal strain, exposure to harmful substances, and smoking.

In the absence of high temperature, inhalation with mineral water or the drug “Berodual” helps to alleviate the condition. Applying a warm compress to the throat and drinking warm herbal infusions and teas may help. And it is very important, if possible, not to strain your vocal cords; it is better to remain silent for a couple of days. And also do not forget to humidify the air in the room; if you do not have a humidifier, then use a wet towel.

If an adult falls ill, doctors strongly recommend refraining from drinking alcohol and smoking during illness.

Laryngeal edema is not an independent disease, and most often develops against the background of laryngeal sore throat, phlegmonous laryngitis, and purulent processes in the larynx. It can be either inflammatory or non-inflammatory. Edema of the larynx can occur as an allergic reaction to cosmetics, medications or food.

Prevention of throat diseases

It is not yet possible to completely protect yourself from such diseases, but there are ways to minimize the risks of their occurrence. To do this you need to follow a number of simple rules:

  • Do not smoke, as this addiction turns the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx and throat into the weakest and most vulnerable places in the body.
  • Make your menu healthy and varied, giving preference to healthy and nutritious foods.
  • Don't forget to humidify the indoor air, especially during the heating season. Dry air especially irritates the throat and provokes the formation of microtraumas, which is an open road for pathogenic bacteria.
  • Wash your and your children's hands often. It has been proven that most microorganisms harmful to us come to us due to unwashed hands.
  • Take vitamins. It is better to immediately take complexes for better functioning of the immune system or immunomodulators.
  • Dress appropriately for the weather to avoid exposure to hypothermia. In itself, it does not cause the development of colds, but it provokes vasoconstriction and disruption of the protective barrier of the mucous membranes in the body. And always remember, self-medication can be dangerous. Don't put off visiting your doctor for too long. And be healthy!

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