Biophages what are they?

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Staphylococcal bacteriophage - a real alternative to antibiotics or a drug with questionable effectiveness?

Diseases of the ENT organs are distinguished by their wide prevalence among the population and the frequent formation of numerous and sometimes quite serious complications.

Table of contents:

The generally accepted approach to the treatment of such diseases is treatment with antibiotics, which is not without its drawbacks due to the development of bacterial resistance to agents with antimicrobial activity.

One of the most successful trends in the treatment of upper respiratory tract diseases of infectious origin is the use of bacteriophages. Information about bacterial viruses first appeared more than a hundred years ago, and the first data on effective treatment with their help were made at the beginning of the 20th century. However, the scope of use of phages is still quite limited. Recently, there has been interest in the possibilities that such therapy opens up. The drug Staphylococcal bacteriophage has become widespread in otorhinolaryngology.

>> The site presents an extensive selection of medications for the treatment of sinusitis and other nasal diseases. Enjoy it for your health! <

What is this medicine?

Bacteriophages are viruses that are destructive only against bacteria. The mechanism of their action is to penetrate the bacterial cell and interact with its genome, which leads to their reproduction and subsequent destruction of the pathogen. Most often, bacteriophages are specific and destroy only one specific type of pathogenic bacteria, but there are also polyvalent phages that can parasitize bacteria of different types.

Staphylococcal bacteriophage is a bacterial virus that can destroy only strains of staphylococci. It is believed that in one second a bacteriophage is capable of infecting about 10²³ bacterial cells. They work especially well against bacteria that have a dense polysaccharide cell membrane that is difficult for antibiotics to penetrate. In such cases, phage therapy has an advantage over antibiotic treatment.

Bacteriophages and antibiotics are not the same thing. These drugs are not interchangeable, and the decision to switch to phage therapy should only be made by a doctor. Despite the benefits of phages, in some cases it is not possible to achieve a cure without antibiotics. Before use, be sure to consult a doctor.

For any infection, can it be recommended to take staphylococcal bacteriophage?

The use of this medicine is justified only if the cause of the infection is bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus. The most common pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus. In the annotation for the drug, indications include diseases of various body systems, including enteral, surgical, and urogenital infections.

In ENT practice, it is used for the treatment and prevention of infections of the bronchi, trachea, nose, lungs, ear, throat (otitis, sinusitis, sinusitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia).

Detection of the sensitivity of pathogenic microorganisms to bacteriophage and its use in the early stages of disease development is the most important point in phage therapy.

Sometimes a medicine is prescribed without first determining sensitivity. Most often, in such cases, the doctor uses a combination of staphylococcal bacteriophage with an antibiotic, which enhances the effectiveness of treatment. It is prohibited to use phage monotherapy to treat an infection that occurs with signs of severe intoxication (fever, chills) without consulting a specialist.

How to use staphylococcal bacteriophage?

The drug is available in the form of a transparent solution with a yellowish tint. Before use, you need to pay attention to its color and the absence of sediment in the contents of the bottle.

The medicine is suitable for use both orally (orally) and topically (nasal mucosa, paranasal sinuses). In the treatment of infectious diseases of the nose and sinuses, the drug is prescribed in a dose of 2 to 10 ml 1-3 times a day. The solution can also be used to irrigate the nasal cavity, gargle and introduce moistened turundas into the nasal passages, which should be left for an hour.

When using, questions often arise about how to gargle correctly or how to drip staphylococcal bacteriophage into the nose, because these nuances are not well covered in the instructions. The solution should not be diluted with other liquids. To prevent the penetration of bacteria, it is better to remove the contents by piercing the stopper with a disposable sterile syringe. Then remove the needle from the syringe and immediately drop it into your nose or gargle, without first pouring the solution into a non-sterile container.

For preventive purposes, in case of unfavorable epidemiological conditions, weakening of the body, it is recommended to instill the bacteriophage into the nose monthly for one or two weeks, 2 times a day.

The effect of treatment with the drug should appear within the first two days. If the condition worsens, you must stop therapy yourself and immediately consult a doctor.

Due to the fact that the solution of staphylococcal bacteriophage contains a live culture of bacterial viruses, a number of rules should be followed when using it:

  • wash your hands well before use;
  • treat the bottle cap with a solution containing alcohol;
  • do not leave the bottle cap on non-sterile objects;
  • do not keep the bottle open;
  • Store opened packaging only at temperatures from 2 to 8°C.

If used correctly, the bacteriophage can be used for 2 years after opening. Medicines that have expired cannot be used.

How to properly treat sinusitis with Staphylococcal bacteriophage?

Recently, the prevalence of chronic sinusitis has increased. For many years, antibiotics were used to prevent the transition of an acute process to a chronic one, but today the problem of the development of bacterial resistance to them has become very urgent. The most serious threat with regard to the development of sinusitis resistant to standard therapy is Staphylococcus aureus, when carried by Staphylococcus bacteriophage can be very effective.

To achieve the best effect of sinusitis therapy, the following scheme is proposed:

  1. Insert a catheter into the maxillary sinus and rinse it with 0.9% saline solution.
  2. Introduce 5 ml of bacteriophage solution into the sinus cavity. The procedure should be repeated 2 times a day for 5 or 6 days. This stage must be carried out in a clinic where a specialist installs a catheter.
  3. This stage of therapy can be carried out at home. It consists of instilling Staphylococcal bacteriophage into the nose, 5 drops in each nostril. It is also necessary to inject and leave turunda moistened with the drug in each nostril for 1 hour three times a day.

In severe cases of sinusitis, the specialist prescribes the simultaneous use of bacteriophage and antibiotics, which significantly reduces the duration of antibiotic therapy and increases its effectiveness.

Staphylococcal bacteriophage is safe for newborns

The instructions for use indicate that Staphylococcal bacteriophage is allowed for infants from the first days of life. The drug is used in the following doses (calculated for a single dose):

  • 0 – 6 months – 5 milliliters;
  • 6 - 12 months - 10 milliliters.

For children from one to three years old, the dosage of Staphylococcal bacteriophage is 15 milliliters, from 3 to 8 years old - 15 - 20 ml, over 8 years old - ml. For rectal administration, the dosage should be approximately doubled. The frequency of use should be determined by the doctor depending on the severity of the disease and the goals of therapy.

Which form of Staphylococcal bacteriophage should I choose: liquid, ointment or tablet?

To date, only one Staphylococcal bacteriophage has been registered in the Russian Federation, which is available in glass bottles of 20 ml and 100 ml. Staphylococcal bacteriophage does not have the form of tablets, rectal suppositories or ointments, but is presented only as a solution, which, if desired, can be ingested or used rectally with enemas.

Advantages of Staphylococcal bacteriophage over antibiotics

Like antibiotics, the main effect of bacteriophages is to destroy bacteria, but unlike them, phages have a number of advantages.

The table shows the main differences between antibiotics and bacteriophages.

The use of Staphylococcal bacteriophage during pregnancy is not prohibited, but before use it is necessary to consult a doctor.

Are there any disadvantages?

Such obvious advantages of bacteriophages should put an end to antibiotic therapy. But it's not that simple. In our country, bacteriophage therapy is gradually becoming more widespread, but foreign specialists are skeptical about them and never use them as the only means of treatment. What is the reason for this contradiction?

This medicine is not always effective enough against serious infections, and besides, it is strictly specific. Due to the fact that it is not intended for intravenous and intramuscular use, it is not always possible to achieve the required bactericidal concentration. Therapy with such drugs is a good support for antibiotics, but not a replacement for them.

Why might analogues of Staphylococcal bacteriophage be better than the original?

In our country, Staphylococcal bacteriophage has been produced by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise NPO Microgen of the Russian Ministry of Health since the 40s of the 20th century. It is unique in its own way and specific for bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus. Its cost ranges from 750 to 850 rubles.

To date, polyvalent bacteriophages (Sextaphage) have been synthesized, which are capable of destroying not only staphylococci, but also other bacteria that are important in the development of diseases of the ENT organs. It can be used topically, in the form of irrigation, rinsing, for rinsing and injection into the paranasal sinuses. The dose is determined individually. The duration of therapy can range from 5 to 15 days. If necessary, repeated courses of therapy can be carried out. The average price in pharmacies is 650 rubles.

Another product with a similar effect is Otofag gel, produced by the MicroMir Scientific and Production Center since 2012. This is a new drug that contains a cocktail of phages that has a wide spectrum of activity against various bacteria. It is recommended to apply the gel locally in the form of applications on the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and palatine tonsils 2-3 times a day until symptoms disappear. The gel is easy to use and is often recommended as a preventive measure. The disadvantage may be that it is not suitable for washing the paranasal sinuses, which is very useful in the treatment of sinusitis. On average, its price is 850 rubles.

Polyvalent bacteriophages are better because they can be used for combined infections. Using only a specific bacteriophage without determining the sensitivity of bacteria to it, there is a risk of conducting a course of useless therapy. Combination drugs have a much wider spectrum of action. Considering approximately the same cost, it is sometimes better to give preference to a polyvalent medicine that can destroy bacteria of different types and strains.

Evidence base for the effectiveness of Staphylococcal bacteriophage

Staphylococcal bacteriophage has undergone a number of clinical trials, during which it has proven its effectiveness against infection with various strains of staphylococci. In particular, after phage therapy, in the majority of people who had moderate growth of Staphylococcus aureus on the mucous membrane, Staphylococcus aureus was not detected within one month. This is a very good result, because it is almost impossible to eliminate Staphylococcus aureus from the body by using standard antibiotic therapy.

In the examined group, the carriage rate of Staphylococcus aureus after treatment with Staphylococcal bacteriophage decreased from 35% to 5%. During the treatment, the subjects noted positive results in the form of disappearance of rhinitis, sore throat and sinus congestion.

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Very good promotion from pharmaceutical companies that release these drugs. No bacteriophage will ever replace a broad-spectrum antibiotic. The only question is the rational use of drugs. I would look into the eyes of a specialist who would prescribe bacteriophage to a child with moderate acute bronchitis or pneumonia.

Exactly the same promotion as the antibiotics themselves.

Gentlemen, before you doubt, without trying the medicine, do not say loud words. Bacteriophages helped us a lot, despite the fact that we fell ill with purulent sore throat 3 times in a row, the first two times we took antibiotics, but the third time, although streptococcus was discovered, she said we’ll leave the therapy next time At the same time, the child’s sinusitis was not cured and the tonsils were enlarged to the 3rd degree. We drank bacteriophages and were very pleased, but the doctors still did not understand how we were cured.

Source: http://gaimoriti.ru/medicamenty/stafilokokkovyj-bakteriofag.html

Staphylococcal bacteriophage

Staphylococcal bacteriophage: instructions for use and reviews

Latin name: Bacteriophagum Staphylococcum

Active ingredient: Staphylococcal bacteriophage (Bacteriophagum staphylococcum)

Manufacturer: Biopharma (Ukraine), NPO Microgen (Russia), Biomed (Russia)

Update of description and photo: 11/15/2017

Prices in pharmacies: from 663 rubles.

Staphylococcal bacteriophage is a medical immunobiological preparation for the treatment of diseases caused by staphylococci.

Release form and composition

Dosage form – solution for oral, local and external use: transparent yellow liquid of varying intensity (20 ml bottles, 4 or 8 bottles in a cardboard box; 100 ml bottles, 1 bottle in a cardboard box).

1 ml of solution contains:

  • active substance: sterile filtrate of phagolysates of bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus – up to 1 ml;
  • additional component: preservative 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate or 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate monohydrate.

Pharmacological properties

Staphylococcal bacteriophage is a drug that has a specific bactericidal effect against staphylococci - strains that are most significant in the etiology of the development of inflammatory and purulent diseases.

The drug causes specific lysis (dissolution) of bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus. The mechanism of its action is due to the ability of phage particles to attach to the membrane of sensitive bacteria, penetrate into cells and multiply at the expense of their resources, as a result of which these cells die and mature phage particles are released, which can infect other sensitive bacterial cells.

Staphylococcal bacteriophage does not affect other bacteria and does not disrupt the natural microflora.

Indications for use

Staphylococcal bacteriophage is intended for the treatment and prevention of purulent-inflammatory and enteral diseases caused by Staphylococcus bacteria. Particularly applicable in the following cases:

  • generalized septic diseases;
  • surgical infections: abscess, boils, carbuncles, felons, hidradenitis, phlegmon, burns, wound suppuration, bursitis, paraproctitis, osteomyelitis, mastitis;
  • intestinal dysbiosis;
  • enteral infections (gastroenterocolitis, cholecystitis);
  • diseases of the ENT organs, respiratory tract and lungs: tonsillitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis, inflammation of the middle ear and sinuses, tracheitis, pleurisy, bronchitis, pneumonia;
  • urogenital infections: colpitis, salpingoophoritis, endometritis, cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis;
  • purulent-inflammatory diseases of newborns, including sepsis, gastroenterocolitis, pyoderma, omphalitis, conjunctivitis;
  • other diseases caused by staphylococci.

For preventive purposes, staphylococcal bacteriophage is also used to treat wounds (postoperative and newly infected).

According to epidemic indications, it is prescribed for the prevention of nosocomial infections.

Contraindications

According to the instructions, Staphylococcal Bacteriophage is contraindicated in cases of hypersensitivity or intolerance to the components of the drug.

Instructions for use of Staphylococcal Bacteriophage: method and dosage

The solution is used orally, rectally, in the form of applications and irrigations, for administration into the cavities and sinuses of the nose, into the cavities of the vagina and uterus, as well as into drained cavities.

Before use, the bottle should be shaken and inspected for any cloudiness or sediment.

Recommended single doses for oral administration of Staphylococcal Bacteriophage depending on age:

  • 0–6 months – 5 ml;
  • 6–12 months – 10 ml;
  • 1–3 years – 15 ml;
  • 3–8 years – 15–20 ml;
  • from 8 years and older – 20–30 ml.

Recommended single doses for rectal use of Staphylococcal Bacteriophage depending on age:

  • 0–6 months – 5–10 ml;
  • 6–12 months – 10–20 ml;
  • 1–3 years – 20–30 ml;
  • 3–8 years – 30–40 ml;
  • from 8 years and older – 40–50 ml.

For intestinal dysbiosis and enteral infections, the solution is taken orally 3 times a day, an hour before meals. It is also possible to use the following treatment regimen: 2 times a day oral administration and 1 time per day rectal administration of a single dose appropriate for age, in the form of an enema after bowel movement.

For the treatment of urethritis, cystitis and pyelonephritis, the bacteriophage is prescribed orally. If the cavity of the renal pelvis or bladder is drained, the drug is administered through a nephrostomy or cystostomy 1-2 times a day, 5-7 ml into the renal pelvis or 20-50 ml into the bladder.

For purulent-inflammatory diseases with localized lesions, the drug is prescribed both locally and orally: 2-3 times a day 1 hour before meals for 7-20 days (depending on the clinical situation).

Methods of using Staphylococcal Bacteriophage depending on the nature of the source of infection:

  • in the form of tamponing, lotions and irrigation in a volume of up to 200 ml (depending on the size of the affected area). For osteomyelitis, after surgical treatment, the solution is poured into the wound in an amount of 10–20 ml. In case of an abscess, after removal of purulent exudate, the drug is administered by puncture in a volume less than the amount of removed contents;
  • in the form of instillation, washing, rinsing, introducing moistened turundas. For purulent-inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs, the drug is administered 2–10 ml 1–3 times a day. Turundas soaked in the solution are administered for 1 hour;
  • injection into cavities (articular, pleural and other organic cavities) in a volume of up to 100 ml. Subsequently, capillary drainage is left, through which the bacteriophage is introduced for several more days;
  • insertion into the cavity of the vagina and uterus. For purulent-inflammatory diseases, the drug is administered 5–10 ml once a day; for colpitis, it is used in the form of tampons 2 times a day for 2 hours or 10 ml in the form of irrigation.

In cases where chemical antiseptics were used to treat wounds before prescribing the bacteriophage, the wounds must be thoroughly washed with a sterile solution of sodium chloride 0.9%.

Use of bacteriophage in children under 6 months

For enterocolitis and sepsis in newborns, including premature infants, Staphylococcal bacteriophage is used in the form of high enemas (through a catheter or gas outlet tube) of 5–10 ml 2–3 times a day. If the child is not vomiting or regurgitating, the bacteriophage can be given orally, mixed with breast milk. A combination of oral and rectal administration is possible. The duration of therapy is from 5 to 15 days. In case of recurrent course of the disease, repeat courses are carried out.

To prevent enterocolitis and sepsis in cases of intrauterine infection or the risk of developing a nosocomial infection, the drug is used in the form of enemas 2 times a day for a course of 5–7 days.

For infected wounds, pyoderma and omphalitis, the staphylococcal bacteriophage is used in the form of applications: a gauze cloth moistened with a solution is applied to the affected area of ​​the skin or the umbilical wound 2 times a day.

Side effects

The drug does not cause side effects.

Overdose

There were no cases of overdose.

special instructions

An important condition for effective phage therapy is determining the sensitivity of the pathogen to the bacteriophage and prescribing the drug as early as possible after the appearance of purulent-inflammatory signs.

In case of severe manifestations of infection, staphylococcal bacteriophage is used as part of complex therapy.

The drug contains a nutrient medium in which bacteria from the environment can develop, causing the solution to become cloudy. In this regard, the following rules of use and storage must be observed:

  • wash your hands thoroughly;
  • treat the cap with an alcohol-containing product;
  • do not place the cork on the table or other objects with the inner surface;
  • do not leave the bottle open;
  • After opening the bottle for the first time, store the drug only in the refrigerator.

After opening the bottle, provided that the listed rules are followed and there is no cloudiness, the drug can be used throughout the expiration date.

The required amount of solution should be removed from the bottle using a sterile syringe by piercing the stopper.

It is prohibited to use Staphylococcal Bacteriophage if the shelf life of the drug has expired, the solution has become cloudy, or the labeling or integrity of the bottle has been damaged.

Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and complex mechanisms

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Staphylococcal bacteriophage can be used as prescribed by a doctor during pregnancy and lactation in the presence of infections caused by phage-sensitive strains of staphylococci.

Use in childhood

There are no age restrictions for the use of the drug.

Drug interactions

Can be used in combination with other drugs, including antibiotics.

Analogs

There is no information on analogues of Staphylococcal Bacteriophage.

Terms and conditions of storage

Store and transport in accordance with Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules 3.3.2. in a place protected from light at a temperature of 2–8 °C. Transportation is allowed in temperature conditions of 9–25 °C, but not more than 1 month. Keep away from children.

Shelf life – 2 years.

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies

Available without a prescription.

Reviews of Staphylococcal Bacteriophage

Reviews about Staphylococcal Bacteriophage are mostly positive. Patients confirm the high effectiveness of the drug in the fight against diseases caused by staphylococci, and consider it a worthy and safer alternative to antibiotics.

However, there are also individual reviews that indicate that the bacteriophage was ineffective and even caused side effects (diarrhea, increased body temperature), although the instructions indicate that the drug was very well tolerated and there were no unwanted reactions.

The disadvantages of almost all patients include the high cost of Staphylococcal Bacteriophage and its unpleasant taste, as well as the inconvenience of storage (in the refrigerator) and use (the need to draw the solution with a sterile syringe to maintain asepsis).

Price for Staphylococcal Bacteriophage in pharmacies

Prices for Staphylococcal Bacteriophage are 630–795 rubles for a package of 4 bottles of 20 ml, 710–1165 rubles for 1 bottle of 100 ml.

Bacteriophage staphylococcal solution 20 ml 4 pcs.

Bacteriophage staphylococcal liquid 20ml No. 4 bottles

Bacteriophage staphylococcal solution 100 ml

Staphylococcal bacteriophage 20ml N4

Staphylococcal bacteriophage 100ml

Education: Rostov State Medical University, specialty "General Medicine".

Information about the drug is generalized, provided for informational purposes and does not replace official instructions. Self-medication is dangerous to health!

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Source: http://www.neboleem.net/bakteriofag-stafilokokkovyj.php

Bacteriophages - classification, types and purpose

Bacteriophage therapy is a fairly new trend in modern medicine. The principle of operation of this treatment is the reproduction of bacterial cells by destroying harmful bacteria and replacing them with healthy ones. The main purpose of bacteriophages is the safe and effective treatment of bacterial infections and viruses.

Bacteriophages: types and purpose

The use of bacteriophages in medicine is extensive; polyvalent species are most often used, which contain a whole complex of active microorganisms. Basic forms:

  • Coliphages, or simply coli, help cope with skin inflammation and infection of internal organs caused by enteropathogenic E. coli.
  • Typhoid bacteriophages - eliminate illnesses caused by salmonella and typhoid pathogens.
  • Coliproteus or coliproteophages - are used in the treatment of cystitis, colpitis, pyelonephritis, colitis and other diseases caused by enteropathogenic bacteria Escherichia and the Proteus virus.
  • Klebsiella polyvalent bacteriophages are a complex remedy that destroys Klebsiella rhinoscleroma, pneumonia and ozena.
  • Dysenteric polyvalent dysphags - destroy Shigella Flexner and Sonne in bacterial dysenteries.
  • Protean proteophage - fights protean species of specific microorganisms, such as vulgaris and mirabilis, which are the main cause of purulent intestinal inflammation.
  • Staphylophages - destroy the action of staphylococcal microbes, active in any purulent inflammation.
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsifagus - treat inflammatory ailments of the digestive, urogenital and respiratory systems caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae.
  • Streptophagus - actively fights inflammatory infections caused by streptococcus.
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa - used in the treatment of dysbiosis and other infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Classification of bacteriophages

Today there are 19 types of active forms of viruses. They differ in shape, their genome structure and the type of nucleic acid. The classification of these drugs in medicine also differs in the speed of their influence on the activity of microorganisms:

  • moderate - only partially affects and destroys pathogenic bacteria, but causes significant changes in them, which are transmitted during their further reproduction, preventing the progression of the virus;
  • It is customary to call virulent those that, upon entering the body, act rapidly and very actively and almost instantly destroy bacterial cells, leading to their death.

Advantages and disadvantages

It has been proven that treatment with bacteriophages is the safest replacement for penicillin therapy in the treatment of bacterial infections. The main advantages include the following:

  1. They have much fewer side effects compared to antibiotics. It has been noted that an allergic reaction to bacteriophages is extremely rare, and secondary negative effects in the human body are much less common.
  2. They are combined with absolutely any type of drugs, including penicillin, and are not addictive.
  3. All drugs have a release form that is very convenient for the consumer: solutions for oral administration or tablets.
  4. With prolonged use of phages, there is no suppression of the immune system.
  5. Even mild, sluggish inflammatory processes and viruses are cured, for which the use of antibiotics is considered inappropriate.
  6. Unlike other medications, to which most viruses and microbes develop gradual resistance, it is almost impossible to adapt to phages and harmful microorganisms.

But it is worth noting that such therapy also has a number of disadvantages, which should also be taken into account before starting treatment. These include:

  • the likelihood of transfer of the bacterial genome between microorganisms;
  • difficulties in selecting the most suitable group of bacteriophages for treatment;
  • The general course of treatment for the virus takes at least 20 days, while treatment with antibiotics takes only 3–7 days.

Bacteriophages in pediatrics

The use of phages in the treatment of childhood infectious diseases requires particularly careful diagnosis and drug selection. Before the appointment, the child must undergo bacteriostatic and bacteriological analysis to determine the state of the microflora.

Bacteriophages are prescribed for both infants and older children in the treatment of the following diseases:

  • Ear infections.
  • Inflammatory processes of the respiratory organs (throat, trachea, nasopharynx, lungs, nose, larynx).
  • Infections of the genitourinary system.
  • Eye diseases with an existing inflammatory process (corneal damage, conjunctivitis).
  • Infectious processes of the gastrointestinal tract (cholecystitis, gastroenterocolitis, dysbacteriosis).
  • Purulent wounds, surgical infections, abscesses, burns, furunculosis and much more.

Treatment with bacteriophages is also acceptable for very young children, since these medications have a much lower percentage of side effects and do not harm the sensitive intestinal microflora of a newborn.

Rules to follow during treatment:

  1. Before administering a bacteriophage to an infant or an older child, it is necessary to conduct a mandatory rectal tolerance test using an enema. Young children often experience a rejection reaction in the form of excessive regurgitation or diarrhea.
  2. Before treating Intesti with a drug prescribed for gastrointestinal infections in children, you should definitely check the dosage with your pediatrician.
  3. Before using these drugs on an infant, a number of additional tests and drug tolerability tests may be required.

Bacteriophages: list of drugs and price

Analogs

It is impossible to find medications comparable to bacteriophages in their structure. When replacing, drugs are prescribed that are comparable in their properties, but with completely different active ingredients.

The selection of pharmaceuticals should be made exclusively by a professional physician. In some situations, staphylococcal drugs are replaced with Zyvox, Fosfomycin, Linemax, Forteraz, Monural.

It should be remembered that chemical drugs have many more side effects and have a more negative effect on the immune system and intestinal function.

Source: http://devochki.guru/zdorove/sredstva/bakteriofagi-klassifikatsiya-vidy-i-naznachenie.html

The benefits of drugs with bacteriophages

Bacteriophages are known for their unique ability to selectively infect bacteria: each type of bacteriophage is active only against a certain type of bacteria and neutral against others. Medicine knows more than five thousand types of these “bacteria eaters”, which, penetrating into a pathogenic cell, destroy it from the inside, but do not disturb the microflora of the body as a whole.

Operating principle

The principle of action of bacteriophage preparations is that when phages are introduced or applied superficially, they search for and penetrate the harmful bacterium, disrupting its structure from the inside.

The reproduction of phages inside a bacterium leads to its complete destruction. This process, which takes 15 to 45 minutes, produces approximately 70 to 200 new phage particles.

The advantage of phages when used is that they continue to multiply and enter cells as long as there is an infection there

Species and habitat

Despite the very small size of phage particles (up to 0.2 millimicrons), their structure is more complex than that of viruses of other groups. The genetic information of bacteriophages is contained in the DNA located inside the phage head. Bacteriophages have a diverse morphological structure.

In the natural environment, bacteriophages are found almost everywhere where there is a bacterial cell.

In medicine, there is a division of phage preparations into groups, including phages by the name of the pathogenic bacteria they affect:

Practical application and purpose

The use of bacteriophages is not only an effective method for treating many infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens, but is also a reliable preventive method.

Therapeutic and prophylactic drugs containing bacteriophages are effectively used to treat:

  • diseases caused by hemolytic Escherichia coli, staphylococcus, streptococcus, enterococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus, etc.;
  • dysbacteriosis in children and adults;
  • ENT diseases;
  • prevention of bacterial complications during influenza and acute respiratory infections;
  • pyoderma of the skin, insect and animal bites, wound infections;
  • purulent-inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity and periodontal tissues;
  • bacterial diseases of the genitourinary system.

Phage preparations show the greatest effectiveness when used prophylactically and early detection of the causative agent of this disease.

Variety of drugs and their features

Therapeutic and prophylactic drugs containing bacteriophages are produced in the form of solutions and gels. You can find such drugs in pharmacies or trusted online stores http://vitabio.ru/. Below are examples and descriptions of some of them.

Gels with bacteriophages: Otofag, Fagodent, Fagoderm, Fagogin

Fagogin is a drug with bacteriophages, produced in the form of a gel intended for intimate hygiene. The drug contains about 40 varieties of bacteriophages, each of which is aimed at combating a specific type of microbe. Fagogin is an effective local antibacterial agent for the prevention and treatment of genital infections.

Otofag is a gel for the prevention and treatment of otitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis, rhinitis and other infectious diseases of the ENT organs. Otofag is an effective remedy for the prevention of bacterial complications during influenza and acute respiratory infections. Otofag is also used as an antiseptic during surgical interventions.

Fagodent is the latest development containing live bacteriophages for hygiene and antibacterial treatment of the oral cavity. Produced in the form of a gel with a dispenser, the drug is capable of neutralizing pathogenic flora and the source of the inflammatory process. Fagodent is used in the treatment of purulent-inflammatory processes in the oral mucosa and gums, returns fresh breath and restores the microflora of the oral cavity.

Fagoderm is a drug for the prevention and treatment of diseases of the superficial and deep layers of the skin and its damage. The natural drug Fagoderm effectively copes with harmful bacteria and provides comprehensive healing of the skin. Suitable for use in different age groups due to the content of natural components.

Why are bacteriophages better than antibiotics?

The targeted destruction of microbes gives phages an undeniable advantage over antibiotics, which, together with bacteria, destroy all beneficial microflora. Such treatment leads to disruption of the entire gastrointestinal tract system, dysbiosis and other diseases, which is excluded when treated with bacteriophages.

Other advantages of bacteriophages:

  • capable of destroying bacteria that have strong immunity to antibiotics;
  • no side effects;
  • compatible with all medications;
  • are not addictive;
  • used as prophylactic agents;
  • do not reduce the body's immunity;
  • Suitable for use by all age groups.

Despite the fact that there are no contraindications for drugs containing bacteriophages, there are cases when drugs containing phages are not effective, then treatment of the disease continues with traditional methods.

According to scientists and specialists, phage therapy is a major revolutionary discovery in the fight against many infectious diseases, where medicine was previously powerless. As natural means of fighting infections, bacteriophages ideally interact with the human body without causing harm.

Due to the increasing resistance of pathogenic microbes to antibiotics, and due to the fact that alternative methods of treating infectious diseases are gaining increasing popularity, research on bacteriophages will only gain momentum, which will lead to new discoveries and victories over many diseases.

Source: http://medvoice.ru/polza-preparatov-s-bakteriofagami/

What are bacteriophages and what are they used for?

The achievements of modern medicine and pharmaceuticals are great, but pathogenic microorganisms are also constantly improving and adapting to the action of those drugs that were deadly to them just a couple of years ago. Where antibiotics are powerless, bacteriophages will help fight pathogenic microorganisms.

What are bacteriophages

Literally translated from ancient Greek, bacteriophages are bacteria eaters. This biological term refers to viruses that selectively infect bacterial cells.

Bacteriophages are present wherever bacteria live, so their habitat can be air, water, soil, the human body, food, and clothing.

Features of the structure of a bacteriophage: such a virus does not have a cellular structure, it only has genetic material covered with a protein coat on top. Therefore, they have to look for suitable cellular microorganisms to reproduce.

The phage begins its destructive activity for the bacterium by injecting its own genetic information into its body, and then begins active reproduction. When a bacterial cell is destroyed, from 100 to 200 new bacteriophages emerge through its fragments, which immediately begin to infect nearby bacteria.

Phages are the most ancient and widespread group of viruses. In microbiology, there are many of its representatives, each of which is parasitized by certain bacteria (both pathogenic and saprophytic).

The most famous bacteriophages:

Advantages

Some scientists argue that soon the use of drugs based on bacteriophages will compete with the use of antibiotics in the treatment of a variety of diseases.

The basis for this bold assumption is provided by the following advantages of using phages:

  • absence of addiction and contraindications to the use of the drug;
  • no inhibitory effect on the immune system;
  • selective action (beneficial bacterial flora remains intact);
  • harmonious combination with other methods of treatment, including therapy with antibiotics (according to research results, phages even enhance their effect);
  • a pronounced effect in the treatment of indolent painful conditions caused by bacterial agents that are insensitive to antibiotics.

This allows the bacteriophage to be successfully used for children, the elderly, pregnant women, and debilitated patients.

Indications

Bacteriophages have proven themselves to be an effective means used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria.

Indications for including bacteriophages in the treatment regimen are the following infections:

  • surgical (abscess, panaritium, paraproctitis, osteomyelitis, boils, burns, phlegmon, carbuncles, purulent wounds);
  • urogenital (cystitis, pyelonephritis, colpitis, urethritis, endometritis, salpingoophoritis);
  • enteral (cholecystitis, gastroenterocolitis, intestinal dysbiosis);
  • blood poisoning;
  • diseases of the ENT organs (tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media);
  • diseases of the respiratory tract and lungs (tracheitis, pleurisy, laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia).

Methods of application

The method by which the bacteriophage should be used directly depends on the nature and location of the source of inflammation. The following methods of application will be appropriate in different situations:

  • orally (the drug is taken by mouth);
  • rectally (bacteriophage enema);
  • locally (in the form of washing, lotions, irrigation, instillation, rinsing, administration of turundas soaked in the drug).

The bacteriophage acts more effectively if the treatment combines different methods of application. There are certain clinical indications for which bacteriophage in tablets are taken orally, and liquid bacteriophage in the form of a lotion has a local effect.

Preparations based on bacteriophages, produced in the form of solutions, aerosols, tablets, suppositories and gels, are gaining popularity. Pharmacy forms of the drugs are provided with detailed instructions on how to take the bacteriophage.

Contraindications

Most people with a certain degree of mistrust consider the possibility of treatment with bacteriophages, although the effectiveness and, most importantly, safety of such therapy has already been proven.

Bacteriophage preparations

The pharmaceutical industry offers many drugs whose principle of action is based on the antimicrobial activity of bacteriophages.

Liquid immunobiological antimicrobial preparation. It suppresses the activity of microorganisms that cause diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (bacterial dysentery, typhoid fever, enterocolitis, paratyphoid fever, dysbacteriosis, salmonellosis). It is used internally and as an enema. Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the drug. Side effects: in newborns, skin rashes and regurgitation are possible in the first 2 days of use.

  • Pyobacteriophage polyvalent (Sextaphage)

    Successfully copes with purulent-septic diseases of newborns and infants, purulent-inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs, and enteral infections. Used to treat newly infected wounds. There are no contraindications or side effects.

    It affects bacteria that cause pneumonia, ozena, and rhinoscleroma. It also helps with generalized septic conditions, to prevent contamination with nosocomial strains of Klebsiella. There are no side effects. Contraindication: hypersensitivity to the components.

  • Salmonella bacteriophage

    Destroys Salmonella cells and microorganisms similar in antigenic structure. Suitable for the treatment of salmonellosis in children and adults. There are no contraindications or side effects.

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage (Pseudomonas aeruginosa)

    It is used for therapy when various organs are affected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. No side effects were identified. Contraindication: hypersensitivity to the drug.

  • Bacteriophage streptococcal (Streptophage)

    Kills streptococcal bacteria, which makes drugs based on it indispensable in the treatment of sore throat, tonsillitis, sinusitis, panaritium, festering wounds and many other ailments. To treat sinusitis, it is recommended to instill this bacteriophage into the nose. There are no side effects. Contraindication: hypersensitivity to the drug.

  • Bacteriophage coli

    It has a specific antibacterial effect directed exclusively against pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. Prescribed for lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, suppuration of wounds, sepsis of newborns, conjunctivitis, urogenital infections. Contraindication: hypersensitivity to the drug. No side effects were identified.

  • Bacteriophage Klebsiella polyvalent

    Effective in the treatment of peritonitis, pleurisy, purulent-inflammatory diseases in gynecology. It is also used in the treatment of stomatitis, periodontitis and inflammation of the sinuses. There are no side effects. Contraindication: hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

    In liquid form, it is in demand for the prevention and treatment of colpitis and enterocolitis. In the form of tablets, it is more often used for advanced forms of pyelonephritis and cystitis, inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs. Contraindication: allergy to any of its components of the drug. There are no side effects.

  • Dysenteric bacteriophage

    Used for the treatment and prevention of dysentery. No side effects were identified. Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the components, and for the tablet form of the drug - the patient’s age is less than 1 year, pregnancy and breastfeeding.

    • The danger of viruses contained in such drugs and bacteriophage analogues should not be exaggerated. They are only deadly to bacteria that cause disease. If the doctor considers it appropriate to include bacteriophages in the treatment regimen, you should trust and be prepared for a speedy recovery.

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    What are bacteriophages, list of drugs, treatment, advantages over antibiotics

    Bacteriophages are viruses that selectively infect bacterial cells. Their vital activity and reproduction are possible only inside bacterial cells. By multiplying inside the cell, they cause destruction and death of the bacterium itself.

    Modern medicine considers them as an effective, safe and perfect remedy in the fight against dangerous, difficult-to-treat bacterial infections. But treatment with bacteriophages causes mistrust and fear in many people.

    Features of the structure and parasitism of bacteriophages

    Bacteriophages represent a large and diverse group of viruses. Their sizes are one hundred times smaller than the size of bacterial cells. When magnified many times, the structure of phages is striking in its diversity; some of them look like crystalline complexes, intricately twisted among themselves.

    Being intracellular viral parasites, they selectively destroy certain bacterial cells. They lack a cellular structure and consist only of genetic material covered with an outer protein coat. This forces them to look for suitable cellular complexes to actively multiply within them.

    Habitat of bacteriophages

    Bacteriophages are present wherever bacteria live, so their habitat is diverse. This can be the human body, air and water environment, soil, food products, clothing, etc.

    Mechanism of action

    A bacteriophage invades a bacterial cell for only one purpose - to use its cellular structures for its own reproduction. To do this, a smart virus injects its own genetic information into the body of the bacterium. The bacterium begins, according to the program established by the phage, to synthesize particles that are uncharacteristic for it, from which new bacteriophages are subsequently assembled. All that remains of the bacterial cell are fragments through which synthesized phages emerge, capable of further damage to neighboring bacterial cells.

    In the natural environment, bacteriophages play a critical role as natural regulators of the number of pathogenic microbes.

    Areas of application of bacteriophages

    In addition to the medical industry, they have found their application in other important areas.

    • In agriculture - they are successfully used to prevent and treat plants and animals from bacterial infections.
    • In genetic engineering, these small viral structures are used to naturally exchange genes between different bacteria, allowing the original structure of bacterial DNA to be changed in the desired direction.

    Treatment with bacteriophages

    This is an effective alternative to antibiotics.

    Bacteriophages are grown as follows. A material containing bacteriophages is applied to a nutrient medium seeded with a certain culture of sensitive bacteria. In the place where they hit, a zone of destroyed bacteria forms in the form of an empty spot. Using a bacteriological needle, this material is collected and transferred into a suspension containing a young bacterial culture. This manipulation is performed 5-10 times so that the grown bacteriophage culture is pure.

    Preparations based on bacteriophages are available in the form of aerosols, suppositories, tablets, solutions and other dosage forms. The names of such drugs use the group of bacteria against which they are directed. The most famous bacteriophages: pseudomonas, staphylococcal, potassium, streptococcal and dysentery phages.

    The production of bacteriophages in the near future will become the most promising branch of pharmacology.

    Advantages of bacteriophages over antibiotics:

    • Русский
    • Do not suppress human immunity;
    • They are combined with absolutely all medications, even with antibiotics, enhancing their effect;
    • Not addictive;
    • Do not lead to the development of resistance of bacterial cultures to phages;
    • Helps in the treatment of indolent bacterial infections that are insensitive to antibiotics;
    • They act selectively without destroying beneficial bacterial flora;
    • They have no contraindications to treatment.

    They are used in the treatment of various bacterial infections. Since phages reproduce exclusively in bacteria, they do not cause any harm to health. Bacteriophages act selectively, infecting bacteria of a certain group. The most widely used staphylococcal bacteriophage is effective in the treatment of chronic staphylococcal infections and bacterial carriage.

    List of bacteriophage drugs

    • Salmonella for oral administration 100ml rub
    • Koli bacteriophage 20ml. 4 pcs. rub., coliproteus for oral administration, 100 ml rub.
    • Streptococcal for oral, local and external use 20 ml. 4 things. rub.
    • Klebsiella polyvalent for oral administration 20 ml. 4 pcs rub.
    • Klebsifag (klebsell pneumonia) 20ml. 4 things. 500 rub.
    • Dysenteric polyvalent 80 mg. 500 tab. 3400 RUR, 20 ml. 4 pcs -400 rub.
    • Proteus bacteriophage 20ml. 4 pcs. rub.
    • Pseudomonas bacteriophage/pseudomonas 100ml. and 20ml. 4 things. rub.
    • INESTI complex bacteriophage 20ml. 4 things. and 100ml. for oral administration
    • Pyobacteriophage 100 ml. rub.
    • Pyobacteriophage polyvalent purified 20ml. 4 pcs. rub.
    • Sextaphage Piobacteriophage polyvalent 20ml. 4 pcs. rub.

    I want to try a bacteriophage for the treatment of chronic cystitis caused by E. coli, because... Antibiotics are contraindicated for me. Phage-sensitive E. coli were found in a urogenital smear. How and how long should the sextaphage be used?

    The instructions for use don't really explain anything.

    Go to your local therapist - he will tell you everything in detail.

    Hello! Please tell me if there are bacteriophages for the treatment of ulcers and gastrointestinal erosions caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori

    The same goes to the doctor. Treatment of this type of bacteria is complex and multi-stage and you cannot do it on your own.

    But if you are not cured, but only “flirt” with the pathogen, then... all this is strange!

    Hello. Please tell me if this drug can cure streptococcus, in particular angina/miller.

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