Bacterial bronchitis symptoms treatment

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How and with what to treat bacterial bronchitis?

The off-season, temperature changes, dampness and drafts are favorable conditions for the development of colds. And preventive measures, hardening and warm clothing can not always protect against illness.

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Among various diseases of the upper respiratory tract, bronchitis is especially dangerous, since treatment takes a long time, and if neglected, it can become chronic. The disease can be caused by viruses or bacteria. Bacterial and viral bronchitis are treated in different ways.

How to determine the type of infection?

A viral infection, with proper treatment, will go away within a week, while a bacterial infection requires more complex treatment. When treating viral diseases, antibiotics will not give the desired result, but will only reduce the patient’s immunity. The fight against bacterial infections requires the mandatory use of new generations of antibiotics. Therefore, it is so important to know how to distinguish viral bronchitis from bacterial bronchitis.

If a patient contracts an infection in a public place from a carrier of the infection, most likely the infection is viral in nature. If the disease is provoked by hypothermia or nervous breakdowns, the nature of the disease will be bacterial. In addition, if an infectious disease is not treated correctly, it weakens the body’s protective functions and bacterial complications may occur.

For a more accurate diagnosis of the origin of the infection, it is advisable to take a blood test. Experienced doctors at the clinic will help you decipher the results and prescribe effective treatment depending on the type of infection.

Causes of the disease

Bacteria enter the body in various ways, mainly through inhaled air or through the blood. Until a certain period, they are not active, they are inside the body and wait for favorable conditions for reproduction. A healthy body suppresses the development of bacterial infection, and a weakened body by various factors is not able to restrain the growth of the number of bacteria that provoke inflammation.

The impetus for the progress of bacterial bronchitis can be:

  • a viral infection that weakens the body;
  • stressful and anxious situations;
  • hypothermia;
  • other diseases;
  • inhalation of toxic substances and polluted air;
  • tendency to allergies.

Signs of bacterial bronchitis

Common signs will help you recognize bacterial bronchitis. Symptoms at the onset of the disease appear too sharply:

  1. At the beginning of the disease, symptoms of intoxication appear: lethargy, weakness.
  2. Chest pain and burning are added to these.
  3. At first the cough is quite dry and hysterical, disturbing the patient even at night.
  4. After a couple of days it becomes moist, with poor sputum discharge.

If the correct course of treatment is chosen, after a couple of days there is an increase in temperature, and listening to the lungs shows harsh breathing and wheezing. Blood tests confirm normal values.

Moderate bacterial bronchitis retains the first symptoms for a long time, and over time they become more pronounced. Coughing attacks are accompanied by shortness of breath, which disappears after coughing up sputum.

In severe cases of the disease, rapid breathing and constant shortness of breath are added to the main symptoms. Listening to the doctor shows various wheezing and tachycardia. Leukocytosis will be shown by a blood test, as well as an increase in ESR. A correctly selected course of treatment will relieve the symptoms of bacterial bronchitis within up to 10 days. Already on the second day, the symptoms are not so pronounced, but the cough can continue for up to a month.

Diagnostics

Before starting treatment, it is necessary to accurately determine the origin of the infection. Tests that can be taken in the clinic’s laboratory will help confirm the bacterial nature of the disease.

Only a competent specialist can interpret the results and make a diagnosis. Results confirming bacterial bronchitis in children must be urgently shown to a pediatrician to prescribe treatment, taking into account the characteristics of the child’s body:

  1. A blood test will show your white blood cell level. The indicators will tell you the cause of the disease and its severity.
  2. Sputum analysis will help determine the causative agent of bronchitis. Before donating sputum, you need to clean your mouth and drink as much water as possible the day before. The analysis can only be done in a specialized laboratory using sterile containers.

Unsuccessful treatment requires an analysis of the sensitivity of the flora to antibiotics, which will help adjust the treatment. Some severe cases require additional studies, such as spirography, bronchoscopy.

Treatment of bacterial bronchitis

To prevent complications and transition to a chronic form, it is necessary to correctly prescribe treatment for bacterial bronchitis. Treatment primarily involves prescribing antibiotics.

This is the only way to kill the bacterial infection.

Antipyretic drugs such as Ibuprofen and Paracetamol will help reduce the temperature. To clear sputum, expectorants and mucolytic drugs (Lazolvan, Bromhexine) are prescribed.

Treatment for shortness of breath or difficulty breathing involves taking bronchodilators.

Folk recipes and remedies for helping in the recovery of patients with bacterial bronchitis have also proven themselves to be quite good:

  • Treatment with propolis. Organic acids and flavonoids successfully fight bacteria, since they are not resistant to this agent.
  • Mumiyo. Antibacterial properties are used in treatment.
  • Sage. Capable of killing staphylococci.
  • Cowberry. Benzoic acid inhibits the proliferation of certain bacteria.
  • Horseradish. Destroys the bacterial membrane.
  • Garlic. A well-known remedy in the fight against bacteria.

Doctors recommend the use of antipyretic and diaphoretic herbal teas, massage and inhalations, as well as the use of mustard plasters and cups for bronchitis.

In case of an advanced condition, when sputum due to bronchitis is difficult to clear, cups are placed between the shoulder blades along the spine. In particularly difficult cases, it is possible to install cups on the chest.

The combination of treating bacterial bronchitis with medications and folk methods in the form of teas, baths, and rubbing gives excellent results.

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The information published on the portal is for informational purposes only. Be sure to consult with a qualified specialist so as not to harm your health!

Source: http://bronhitoff.ru/vidy/bakterialnyj.html

How to recognize and treat bacterial bronchitis

The lower respiratory tract is just as susceptible to viral infection as the upper, so bacterial bronchitis is a disease of inflammatory origin. Pathological microorganisms (staphylo-, strepto-, pneumococci, provocateurs of whooping cough and Haemophilus influenzae) do not immediately enter the human body. They first develop at the beginning of the respiratory system (nasopharynx), gradually moving down the trachea, and the bronchi become the final authority.

Symptomatic course of a bacterial disease

Someday a moment comes and a person notices that his body is malfunctioning. Vivid symptoms of the disease appear. What exactly is happening? What disease disrupted the smooth functioning of the system? A professional, a local therapist, can answer these questions.

Viral bronchitis is easily diagnosed by the following symptoms:

  1. Initially, there is a decrease in performance, a feeling of weakness, and being in a stable lethargic state - this indicates that intoxication is occurring in the body.
  2. Further, the symptomatic picture grows, and signs of burning and severe pain in the chest are added. Similar manifestations are characteristic of coughing.
  3. In the first day or two, the patient suffers from attacks of dry cough. At night they make themselves known more and more often.
  4. Three days later, it is replaced by a wet cough, but with little sputum. The mucus secreted from the bronchi may have a transparent color, or may be discharged along with the pus accumulated in the respiratory organs. Then the treatment will take a long time.

It would be advisable to divide the set of symptoms into 3 stages, since each has its own specifics and severity of the disease.

  1. Mild (sharp). After three days, the initial signs that raise suspicion are supplemented by a slight increase in body temperature (up to 37.5). At the same time, the doctor, performing an external examination of the patient, may hear dry wheezing accompanied by harsh breathing. A general blood test does not identify bacterial bronchitis and its pathology.
  2. Medium (spastic). This is the stage when symptoms become obvious and lasting. Along with regular coughing attacks, permanent shortness of breath is observed. After the issue with sputum is resolved, under certain conditions the frequency and depth of breathing will be restored.
  3. Heavy (protracted). Symptoms are progressing. The bronchial mucosa becomes hypertrophied. Lack of air and shortness of breath begin to bother the patient even in a calm state. Regardless of the type of cough, a specialist, listening to the patient’s chest, will hear wheezing with a variable sound tone. In minor cases, a diagnosis of tachycardia may be made. At this stage, tests will help identify the disease. The blood contains an impressive number of leukocytes, the ESR criteria change (over 25 mm per minute).

The spastic form of bacterial bronchitis occurs mainly in newborns. It is distinguished by a sharp jump in the child’s body temperature. The inflammatory process is activated in the bronchi, and mucus is released.

Even an inexperienced person can identify bacterial bronchitis and its symptoms, but self-medication and connivance should not be practiced. The response to the symptomatic manifestation of the disease may be the only correct decision - contacting a therapist for a diagnosis.

Reasons for the development of the disease

The very name of the disease suggests the fundamental cause of the malfunction in the human body. The precursor of the bacterium most often becomes a banal virus that spread as a result of influenza and respiratory viral outbreaks. When the immune system cannot tolerate the heat and cannot cope with an infectious attack, the development of bronchitis in adult patients is observed.

Favorable conditions for viral infection to flourish can be:

  1. Chronic diseases of the oral cavity.
  2. Weakening the body's protective function.
  3. Having bad habits.
  4. Allergic manifestations associated with changes in the structure of the bronchopulmonary system.
  5. Influence on the respiratory system by physical (sudden changes in air temperature, purity of inhaled air) and chemical factors.
  6. Neglect treatment of bacterial bronchitis.

The frequency and purity of breathing is the engine of the whole organism. People do not always think about the environment and people. Some people think that treating a disease is easier and simpler than preventing it. In monetary terms it is possible, but not in health terms. Therefore, this opinion is wrong.

How to distinguish viral bronchitis from bacterial? They differ, firstly, in origin. Most often, the source of pathology is considered to be pathogenic flora, i.e. bacterium.

Therapeutic therapy for bacterial disease

How to determine the nature of the disease so that the treatment is correct? We recommend leaving this opportunity to specialists. However, you should know that only children are diagnosed with viral or bacterial bronchitis. As for the treatment plan, a personal approach is taken to each patient due to his individual characteristics and clinical picture.

The pharmaceutical industry today is not exhausted in the choice of drugs. A wide pharmacy assortment allows people to independently select a medication based on the degree of effectiveness (subjective point of view), financial well-being and other criteria. Unfortunately, as a result of such actions, doctors then have to correct the mistakes of negligent patients. You should not self-medicate.

But there are some tips on how to help yourself resuscitate your body if you have bacterial bronchitis:

  1. Drink plenty of liquid (more than normal).
  2. With an interval of 60 minutes, drink tea with lemon and ginger, honey, raspberries.
  3. Increase the frequency of meals, but at the same time reduce the portion size.
  4. Regularly ventilate the room where there is a patient who has a history of bacterial or viral bronchitis.
  5. Carry out wet cleaning daily to kill harmful microflora.
  6. Strengthen your immune system with vitamins.

The disease causes a general loss of strength in a person, but restoration of the lost energy field using elementary means allows the patient to quickly return to normal existence.

Quiz: How susceptible are you to lung disease?

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Information

Our immunity is directly dependent on our lifestyle and nutrition. Only a small part of it is initially genetic. Throughout life, a person acquires immune deficiency, which subsequently leads to various kinds of diseases, allergic reactions and poor health. By taking care of your diet, you will also take care of your immunity, which will subsequently save you from many health problems. This test will show you what to pay attention to in your current diet. What to add, what to reduce, and what should be abandoned completely.

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Something needs to be changed urgently!

Judging by your diet, you don’t care about your immune system or your body at all. Most likely, you get sick often, suffer from intestinal problems, and are haunted by a feeling of constant fatigue. It's time to love yourself and start improving. It is urgent to adjust your diet, to minimize fatty, starchy, sweet and alcoholic foods. Eat more vegetables and fruits, dairy products. Feed the body by taking vitamins, drink more water (precisely purified, mineral). Strengthen your body, reduce the amount of stress in your life, think more positively and the transition to a healthy diet will be much easier, you just need to start.

Your immune system is in fairly good condition.

So far, it’s good, but if you don’t start taking care of her more carefully, health problems may begin (if the prerequisites haven’t already existed). Namely, allergies, frequent colds, intestinal problems and other “charms” of life accompany weak immunity. You should think about your diet, minimize fatty, flour, sweets and alcohol. Eat more vegetables and fruits, dairy products. To nourish the body by taking vitamins, do not forget that you need to drink a lot of water (precisely purified, mineral water). Strengthen your body, reduce the amount of stress in your life, think more positively and your immune system will be strong for many years to come.

Congratulations! Keep it up!

You care about your nutrition, health and immune system. Continue in the same spirit and health problems will not bother you for many years to come. Don't forget that this is mainly due to the fact that you eat right. Eat proper and healthy food (fruits, vegetables, dairy products), do not forget to drink plenty of purified water, strengthen your body, think positively. Just love yourself and your body, take care of it and it will definitely reciprocate your feelings.

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How often do you eat fast food?

  • Few times a week
  • Once a month
  • Several times a year
  • I don't eat at all

Do you eat healthy and nutritious food?

  • Always
  • I strive for this
  • No

How often do you eat foods containing high amounts of sugar?

  • Daily
  • Few times a week
  • Once a month or less
  • I don't use it at all

Do you carry out fasting days or any other cleansing procedures?

  • 1-2 times a week
  • Several times a month
  • Several times a month

How many times a day do you eat?

  • Less than 3 times
  • Breakfast lunch and dinner
  • More than 3 times

What type of people do you consider yourself to be?

  • Optimist
  • Realist
  • Pessimist

How often do you eat baked goods and pasta made from light flour?

  • Daily
  • Few times a week
  • Several times a month or less

Do you eat a varied diet?

  • Yes
  • No
  • I eat a variety of foods, but the same dishes for many years

What products do you have for breakfast?

  • Porridge, yogurt
  • Coffee, sandwiches
  • Other

What time do you have breakfast?

  • Before 7.00
  • 07.00-09.00
  • 09.00-11.00
  • Later 11.00

Do you have food intolerances?

  • Yes
  • No

Do you take vitamins?

  • Yes, regularly
  • Every season
  • Very rarely
  • I don't accept it at all

How much pure water do you drink per day?

  • Less than 1.5 liters
  • 1.5-2.5 liters
  • 2.5-3.5 liters
  • More than 3.5 liters

Have you ever had a food allergy?

  • Yes
  • No
  • I find it difficult to answer

What portions do you eat?

  • While it fits
  • I'm still a little hungry
  • I eat up, but not to the point of being full

Are you taking antibiotics?

  • Yes
  • No
  • In case of urgent need

How often do you eat vegetables and fruits?

  • Daily
  • Few times a week
  • Very rarely

What kind of water do you drink?

  • Mineral
  • Cleaned with household appliances with filters
  • Boiled
  • Raw

How often do you consume fermented milk products?

  • Daily
  • Few times a week
  • Once a month or even less often

Do you always eat at the same time?

Source: http://pulmonologi.ru/bronhit/bakterialnyj.html

Bacterial bronchitis

Bacterial bronchitis is a process of inflammation of the mucous membrane, or the thickness of the walls of the bronchi, caused by bacterial agents. Pathogenic microorganisms that cause bacterial inflammation in the bronchi are staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, Haemophilus influenzae and the causative agent of whooping cough.

Bacterial bronchitis never begins immediately with inflammation of the bronchial tissue. First, infectious agents affect the upper respiratory tract - nasopharynx, trachea, tonsils and gradually spread to the lower parts of the respiratory system, involving the bronchi in the process.

Bacterial bronchitis is never primary, that is, it always manifests itself as viral and only as a result of exposure to certain unfavorable factors does a bacterial complication occur.

Symptoms of bacterial bronchitis

Since the development of bacterial bronchitis is always accompanied by a viral infection, the onset of the disease will be accompanied by the following symptoms:

The appearance of a low chest cough;

Nasal congestion, lacrimation;

Increase in body temperature to moderate values ​​(as a rule, the mark on the thermometer does not exceed 38.5 degrees);

The gradual transition of a dry cough into a wet one, which tends to intensify at night;

The appearance of scanty, difficult to separate sputum.

Under the influence of a number of provoking factors, the disease can become bacterial.

In this case, symptoms of bacterial bronchitis appear:

The body temperature rises to high values ​​(the mark on the thermometer exceeds 38.5) and lasts for more than three days;

The cough intensifies and torments the patient not only at night, but also during the day;

Symptoms of purulent bronchitis are added, which are expressed in the appearance of shortness of breath and the separation of sputum with the inclusion of pus and blood;

Sweating increases at night;

Symptoms of general intoxication of the body with chills, headaches, weakness, photophobia and malaise increase;

Shortness of breath appears even with slight physical exertion.

A long course of bacterial bronchitis can lead to bacterial pneumonia, pneumonia and death of the patient.

Causes of bacterial bronchitis

The development of bacterial bronchitis is preceded by a viral infection, that is, the disease can occur against the background of influenza, ARVI, or infection with adenoviruses. If the immune system cannot cope with the infection, or it is not treated correctly, then a complication occurs - bacterial bronchitis.

The causes of bacterial bronchitis, as a possible complication of a viral infection, are as follows:

Exposure to physical factors - cold air, sudden temperature fluctuations, inhalation of dust and smoke, exposure to radiation, etc.;

Exposure to the respiratory system of chemical factors - inhalation of air with its constituent pollutants;

Presence of bad habits – smoking and alcoholism;

Chronic infections in the mouth and nasal cavity;

Allergic diseases, congenital disorders of the bronchopulmonary system;

Decrease in the body's immune defense;

Lack of adequate treatment.

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Treatment of bacterial bronchitis

Treatment of bacterial bronchitis comes down to prescribing antibacterial therapy.

For this purpose, patients are prescribed drugs from the following groups:

Drugs from the group of cephalosporins. They do not have high toxicity, in particular, this applies to the third generation of these drugs. Their intake contributes to the destruction of the bacterial membrane and their subsequent death. Most often, doctors prescribe Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Cefoperazone, Cefixime.

Preparations from the group of macrolides, which have a bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect, make it impossible for bacterial flora to reproduce due to the production of a specific protein in their cells. Most often doctors prescribe: Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Macropen, Sumamed.

Drugs from the aminopenicillin group, which have a detrimental effect on bacterial cells. These drugs include: Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Amosin.

Drugs from the fluoroquinol group. They should be used with extreme caution as they have many side effects. These drugs include: Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin.

Auxiliary drugs for the treatment of bacterial bronchitis are mucolytics and expectorants. This could be Ambrobene, Lazolvan, Ambroxol.

In addition, bronchodilators are prescribed to help eliminate bronchospasm. These drugs include: Berodual, Eufillin, Ventolin, Salbutamol.

If your body temperature rises, you will need to take antipyretic drugs, including: Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, Aspirin, etc.

It is useful to perform breathing exercises; during treatment, the patient is advised to drink plenty of fluids, physiological treatment and antihistamines are possible.

If the disease is severe, then hospitalization is indicated for the patient. In all other cases, it is necessary to adhere to semi-bed rest, avoid hypothermia and eliminate all irritating factors affecting the respiratory system.

Other treatments:

As a rule, with proper selection of drugs, the disease can be quickly eliminated. Most often, it takes 7 to 10 days of taking antibacterial agents to achieve complete recovery. With an uncomplicated form of bacterial bronchitis, complete recovery occurs after two weeks.

Author of the article: Bafaev Leonid Yurievich, pulmonologist, especially for the site ayzdorov.ru

Bronchitis is an inflammatory disease. This inflammation affects the mucous membrane of the lungs and bronchial tree. Bronchitis comes in two types: acute and chronic. Symptoms of acute bronchitis last from several days to three to four weeks. Such symptoms are typical for.

The recipe is as follows: boil unrefined vegetable oil - a quarter glass - in a water bath. Find a towel, preferably wool, long enough to wrap around the child. Soak a towel in warm oil.

To help the body fight a disease such as bronchitis, inhalations are indicated. They are organized both at home and in a hospital setting. It is advisable to perform inhalations for bronchitis using a specialized device - a nebulizer. However, not every device is suitable for use in it.

Treatment of bronchitis is a long and complex process that should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor in order to avoid possible complications and infection. It consists of four main stages, the first of which is to reduce the influence of environmental stress factors on.

Massage for bronchitis is used to improve the patient’s well-being along with other treatment methods. A massage is prescribed after the temperature has stabilized, without rising above 37 degrees. The effectiveness of massage is based on improving blood supply to the bronchial muscles. As a result, the bronchial epithelium is better.

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The information on the site is intended for informational purposes only and does not encourage self-treatment; consultation with a doctor is required!

Source: http://www.ayzdorov.ru/lechenie_bronxita_bakterialnii.php

Causes, symptoms and treatment of bacterial bronchitis

Bacterial bronchitis is an inflammatory disease of the bronchi that is caused by pathogenic microorganisms. These can be streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci and other bacterial agents. The peculiarity of bronchial bronchitis is that bacteria never immediately attack the bronchial tissue. The upper respiratory tract is affected first, and only then does the infection descend lower. This form of bronchitis is rarely primary; most often the bronchi are affected by viruses, and under certain factors a secondary infection occurs.

Cause

Bacterial bronchitis often develops in people whose immune systems are severely weakened. Due to this, the bacteria that are in the body begin to actively multiply and create numerous foci of inflammation. Viral bronchitis is more often diagnosed, which then turns into a bacterial form.

The disease is caused by various pathogenic microflora, which include the following pathogens:

  • Streptococci, staphylococci and pneumococci.
  • Haemophilus influenzae.
  • Legionella.
  • Moraxella.
  • Mycoplasma and chlamydia.

Bacteria can enter the body by airborne droplets, and also enter the bronchi from other foci of inflammation through the lymph or blood. If the immune system works normally, then pathogenic bacteria settle on the tonsils and do not spread further throughout the body. In the case when immunity is greatly reduced, pathogenic microorganisms begin to multiply rapidly and provoke various inflammatory processes in the body.

Certain factors can also provoke abnormal growth of bacterial flora. This can happen in the following cases:

  • In case of excessive hypothermia of the body.
  • In frequent stressful situations.
  • For some non-infectious diseases.
  • For a number of chronic diseases.

Most often, bacterial bronchitis affects people with a tendency to allergic reactions, with reduced immunity, as well as with chronic pathologies of the respiratory organs.

Bacterial bronchitis can develop from exposure to toxic substances in the respiratory organs and from regular inhalation of air that is too dusty.

Clinical picture

Bacterial bronchitis has very clear and specific symptoms; it is simply impossible not to notice this disease. The main signs of pathology are:

  • Severe symptoms of intoxication at the very beginning of the disease. This may be atypical weakness, weakness and severe drowsiness.
  • A characteristic burning sensation and feeling of pressure occurs in the chest area. This symptom is a harbinger of cough.
  • In the first few days from the onset of the disease, the patient is bothered by a dry and debilitating cough. This symptom is especially evident at night, that is, a person’s sleep is disturbed.
  • After about three days the cough becomes wet. In this case, a large amount of mucous or purulent-mucous sputum is released, which has a greenish color.

Bacterial bronchitis can occur in three stages, each of which is slightly different in its symptoms.

  1. With a mild course of the disease, after just a few days the patient’s condition stabilizes. The temperature can rise to no more than 37.5 degrees. When listening to the chest, the doctor may hear dry wheezing and harsh breathing. Blood tests may be normal or not significantly abnormal.
  2. With moderate severity of the disease, the symptoms of the disease are more pronounced. The temperature can last for several days and reach 39 degrees. The patient has a severe cough and shortness of breath. Symptoms gradually subside after the mucus is removed from the bronchi.
  3. In severe cases of bacterial bronchitis, redness of the mucous membrane of the throat is observed, shortness of breath torments the patient even in a state of complete rest, for example, at night. When listening to the respiratory system, the doctor hears not only dry, but also wet wheezing. They have a characteristic sound tone. Tachycardia is sometimes observed. According to the results of blood tests, you can see an increase in the level of white blood cells and an increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which sometimes reaches 30 mm per minute.

Bacterial bronchitis in children is always much more severe than in adults. This is due to a poorly developed immune system. The disease is especially difficult in premature and weakened babies, as well as those babies who suffer from allergies.

When the first signs of the disease appear, you should go to the hospital. It must be remembered that bacterial bronchitis can quickly develop into pneumonia.

Diagnostics

An experienced doctor, based on the results of examining the patient and his complaints, can correctly make a diagnosis, but to clarify it, they resort to different examination methods. Diagnostics must include:

  • Detailed blood test. This examination allows you to determine the number of leukocytes in the blood and ESR. The data obtained allow us to accurately determine the bacterial nature of bronchitis.
  • Sputum analysis. This analysis helps to accurately identify the pathogen that caused the disease. In order for the data obtained to be reliable, the patient needs to consume more fluid the day before the test. Before donating sputum, the oral cavity is rinsed well.
  • Sputum culture. It will help to identify the degree of susceptibility of the pathogen that caused bronchitis. To this or that medicine. In some cases, after receiving the results of such tests. Treatment has to be completely reconsidered.

In some cases, there is a need for bronchoscopy and spirography. The latest research method allows you to determine the degree of air fill in the lung area. Thanks to such data, it is possible to determine the presence of obstruction.

Bronchoscopy reveals the degree of inflammation and damage to the tissues of the lower respiratory organs. If necessary, the doctor may take a tissue sample for a biopsy.

Treatment

When treating bacterial bronchitis, systemic antibiotics are necessarily used. Most often, medications are prescribed in tablets and capsules; only in severe cases can injections be prescribed. Preference is given to penicillins, macrolides and sulfonamides. The most commonly prescribed are Augmentin, Amoxicillin, Macropen, Azithromycin and Flemoxin.

If the disease is not too severe, then they limit themselves to drugs from the macrolide group. They have few side effects and are well tolerated by patients of all age groups. A doctor should prescribe such medications, taking into account the data of sputum culture and blood tests. The dosage and duration of treatment are also determined by the doctor.

It is worth considering that most antibiotics need to be taken for at least 5 days. The only exception is Azithromycin, which is taken for only three days. Such a short course of treatment is explained by the prolonged effect of the drug.

Antibiotics must be taken in full. If you stop taking antibacterial drugs at the slightest improvement in health, a superinfection may develop that is difficult to treat.

In addition to antibiotics, medications from the following groups may be prescribed:

  • Antipyretics. They must be taken if the temperature is above 38.5 degrees, although particularly sensitive people may experience seizures at lower temperatures.
  • Mucolytics and expectorants. They are prescribed to reduce the viscosity of sputum and facilitate its removal. Lazolvan, Bronholitin, Prospan, Mucaltin and other drugs of this drug group may be prescribed.
  • Vasoconstrictor nasal drops. Reduce swelling of the nasopharynx and facilitate nasal breathing.
  • Antihistamines. Reduce inflammation and swelling of the respiratory organs. If a person is prone to allergies, then the level of histamine in the blood is stabilized.

In the treatment of bacterial bronchitis, inhalation through a nebulizer is indicated. They can be made with alkaline mineral water. Saline solution, as well as medications, for example, Ambrobene, Ventolin or Berodual. In each case, the doctor determines individually which inhalation drugs are more appropriate. The procedures should be carried out several times a day, only in this case the result will be visible.

Decoctions of medicinal herbs can also be used for inhalation. But such inhalations can only be done if there is no allergy to herbal preparations.

Complications

If bacterial bronchitis is not treated properly, there can be various complications. Most often, bronchitis causes:

  • Pneumonia.
  • Secondary respiratory infection.
  • Accumulation of large amounts of pus in the lower respiratory organs.

All these complications can be avoided only with timely and correct treatment of the disease.

Maintaining optimal temperature and humidity in the house promotes a speedy recovery. It must be remembered that inhaling too warm or dry air will lead to even greater irritation of the bronchi and a hysterical cough. Don’t forget about traditional medicine recipes; they can be used to supplement drug treatment. But before using any such methods, you should consult your doctor.

Bacterial bronchitis in children and adults

Bacterial bronchitis is a disease accompanied by inflammation of the bronchi, caused by pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria) that have entered their lumen.

The incidence of bronchitis among the adult population is quite high. In children, bacterial bronchitis is less common. With proper treatment, bronchitis goes away successfully, otherwise it can be complicated by pneumonia or bronchiolitis.

Factors influencing the occurrence of the disease

Many factors contribute to the development of bronchitis. The fact of decreased immunity after an illness or the presence of chronic diseases is especially important. A person’s age affects the state of the immune system; older people are more susceptible to a high incidence of bronchitis.

Factors that cause bacterial bronchitis include:

  1. chronic diseases of the ENT organs: tonsillitis, sinusitis, sinusitis, adenoiditis;
  2. drinking large amounts of alcoholic beverages, smoking (more than 2 packs of cigarettes per day);
  3. congenital lung diseases;
  4. mechanical chest injuries;
  5. the presence of a foreign body in the lumen of the bronchi;
  6. work in hazardous industries (with chemicals (carbon, hydrogen sulfide, chlorine vapors, various acids, alkalis), dust, etc., damaging the respiratory system);
  7. allergic diseases;
  8. heart disease accompanied by pulmonary edema (carditis, stenosis of the left atrioventricular valve);
  9. untreated acute respiratory infections;
  10. immunodeficiencies;
  11. pertussis infection, cystic fibrosis, aspiration of pieces of food, foreign bodies in the bronchi (in children).

Causes of bronchitis

Bacterial bronchitis occurs after the penetration and proliferation of pathogenic bacteria.

The causative agents of this disease are:

Klebsiella and Haemophilus influenzae are nosocomial infections. They are difficult to treat because they are resistant to many antibiotics used on an outpatient basis. Bronchitis caused by these bacteria is treated in a hospital setting. You can become infected with a nosocomial infection after tracheal intubation and tracheostomy, with improper care of the tracheostomy tube, non-compliance with sterilization rules, and incorrect selection of antibiotic therapy.

Clinical picture of bacterial bronchitis

The disease begins with general malaise, unexplained weakness, and lethargy. The next day, a dry paroxysmal cough appears, disturbing the patient both day and night. These symptoms are accompanied by a temperature of up to 38°C, sometimes up to 39°C, which is difficult to control with Paracetamol. The temperature can only be lowered to 37°C. The cough becomes wet, with scant sputum. Hyperthermia may persist for several days, worsening at night. The patient experiences chest pain, a burning sensation, especially when coughing, complains of headaches, night sweats, intolerance to bright light, and lack of appetite. Shortness of breath occurs at the slightest physical exertion, causing weakness and dizziness.

Forms of bacterial bronchitis in adults and children

Bacterial bronchitis is divided into acute, spastic, protracted, and chronic forms.

In the acute form of the disease, only the bronchial mucosa is affected and lasts up to two weeks.

Bacterial bronchitis in children under 4 years of age very often manifests itself in a spastic form (obstructive bronchitis). This form is often a complication of untreated acute respiratory viral infection. A spasm of the bronchi occurs, which leads to severe shortness of breath, since in children the lumen of the bronchi is much narrower than in adults. If the child is not helped in time, he may suffocate. All infants have a tendency to spasm of the larynx or bronchi, so parents should closely monitor the child. If shortness of breath occurs, call an ambulance or a pediatrician at home.

The protracted form occurs in both children and adults. It lasts more than two weeks.

In the chronic course, not only all layers of the bronchi are damaged, but also the lung tissue. Its duration can be up to one and a half months. Chronic bronchitis recurs at least three times a year.

Important! If shortness of breath occurs in a child under 1 year old, you must call an ambulance!

Symptoms of obstructive bacterial bronchitis in children

With obstructive bronchitis, the child is lethargic. Breathing is difficult, hoarse, there is severe shortness of breath, the chest is swollen due to difficult and prolonged exhalation. The child exhales air with a whistle, which can be clearly heard from a distance without a stethoscope. When inhaling, retraction of the intercostal spaces is observed. Inhalation is also difficult. The child has a paroxysmal cough that ends in vomiting, disturbing the child at night.

During auscultation (drying the chest with a stethoscope), the doctor hears wheezing as you inhale and exhale.

Diagnosis of bacterial bronchitis

The list of diagnostic measures includes an examination by a general practitioner or pulmonologist. The children are examined by a pediatrician. The doctor collects anamnesis from the patient. With bacterial bronchitis, in the first days the doctor hears harsh breathing in the lungs. With obstruction, the child can hear dry wheezing on inhalation and exhalation. The doctor prescribes a general blood test, which shows a high level of leukocytes and ESR.

For adults and children over 5 years of age, the doctor takes a sputum test. You can see large numbers of leukocytes and bacteria in it. If treatment is ineffective, a sputum test is taken to determine the sensitivity of the bacterial flora to antibiotics. To exclude tuberculous etiology of bronchitis, an analysis is done for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

If there is a suspicion of a complicated course of the disease, an X-ray examination of the chest is performed. For children under 1 year of age it is mandatory.

The doctor may prescribe spirography to determine lung capacity. The results of spirography in this case will be reduced.

Treatment of bacterial bronchitis

How is bacterial bronchitis treated? The list of therapeutic measures includes: antibacterial therapy, symptomatic treatment. The patient needs plenty of fluids, a nutritious diet containing all the necessary vitamins and minerals, and sleep.

Antibacterial therapy

Antibiotics are prescribed according to the bacteria that caused the disease. The most common antibiotics include:

  • group of penicillins (Amoxicillin, Flemoxin, Augmentin);
  • group of cephalosporins (Cefixime, Cefazolin, Claforan, Cefuroxime, Cefaclor);
  • group of macrolides (Clarithromycin, Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Macropen, Rovamycin);
  • group of fluoroquinolones (Levofloxacin, Sparfloxacin).

Antibiotics must be taken for the full course every 8 hours if the doctor has prescribed them 3 times a day. A single dose of antibiotic involves the patient taking a tablet or syrup at the same time every day. If the course of treatment is interrupted (taken for less than 7 days), the bacterial flora develops addiction to the drug used (resistance).

Symptomatic therapy

For symptomatic treatment, antipyretic and antitussive drugs (mucolytics, drugs for dry cough) are used.

Antipyretic therapy includes drugs: Paracetamol, Ibuprofen. The temperature must be brought down if it reaches 38°C, since low-grade fever (up to 37°C) has a protective function. Ibuprofen copes better with high temperatures; doctors especially recommend using it for hyperthermia in children. For this purpose, children's forms of the drug (syrup) are used.

If you have a dry cough, doctors prescribe the drug Sinekod. Children use syrups Gedelix (from birth), Eucabal (from 6 months of life), Gerbion and Doctor Theiss, Travisil, Tusamag (from 1 year), Pertussin (from 2 years), Sinekod, Doctor Mom (from 3 years).

Mucolytics are used when viscous sputum appears: Lazolvan (from birth), Acetylcysteine ​​(for children from two years of age and adults), Bromhexine (from 6 years), Carbocysteine ​​(in capsules from 12 years, in syrup from 2 years).

You can do inhalations with saline solution and Lazolvan. They are indicated after the temperature has dropped.

Inhalations for obstructive bronchitis in children and adults

In the obstructive form of bronchitis, inhalations with drugs that increase the lumen of the bronchi are indicated. Berodual and Salbutamol are suitable for this purpose. When performing them, it is advisable to use a nebulizer. It sprays the medicine into small drops, which are deposited on the walls of the bronchi and have a therapeutic effect. Such inhalations are necessary for asthma attacks. Children under 4 years of age must be hospitalized in a hospital.

Conclusion

To avoid the occurrence of bronchitis, you should completely treat respiratory viral infections, exercise more, eat right, harden yourself, give up bad habits, normalize your work and rest schedule, and avoid severe overwork. These activities allow you to maintain good health for many years and avoid various diseases.

Source: http://zdorovie-legkie.ru/bakterialnyj-bronhit/

Bacterial bronchitis: symptoms and treatment

Bacterial bronchitis - main symptoms:

  • Weakness
  • Fever
  • Dyspnea
  • Sweating
  • Chest pain
  • Cough
  • Sputum with blood
  • Burning behind the sternum
  • Increased sweating
  • Lethargy
  • Discharge of purulent sputum

Bacterial bronchitis is an inflammation of the lower respiratory tract and mucous membrane caused by pathological microorganisms. The main bacteria that provoke the disease are staphylococcus, pneumococcus, streptococcus, whooping cough pathogen or hemophilus influenzae. This type of disease cannot be primary, but always occurs against a viral background (in fact, this is its complicated form). The disease never immediately affects bronchial tissue. In the first stages, the infection spreads to the upper respiratory tract such as the nasopharynx, trachea and tonsils. As the disorder develops, the pathogenic process penetrates the lower sections, thereby affecting the bronchi. This form of the disease is very common in children.

The first symptom of bacterial bronchitis is the appearance of a severe cough, in which a person feels discomfort not in the throat, but in the chest area. In addition, there is an increase in body temperature to high values, significant sweating, and the inability to inhale air through the nose. Later, a dry cough may transform into a wet one, with the release of a large amount of sputum.

Diagnosis of a disease is aimed at finding out the causes of its occurrence. To do this, laboratory tests of blood and sputum tests are carried out. Treatment of bacterial bronchitis consists of taking antibiotics, as well as medications that reduce the degree of expression of certain symptoms. In severe cases of the disease, hospitalization of the patient is required.

Etiology

The progression of bacterial bronchitis in children and adults is preceded by inadequate treatment of viral bronchitis. The immune system cannot cope with influenza or ARVI, which is why such a complication arises.

The causes of this type of bronchitis are:

  • severe hypothermia of the body;
  • sharp fluctuations in air temperature;
  • inhaling dust or smoke through the mouth or nose;
  • the effect of radiation on the body;
  • effects of chemical elements on the respiratory system;
  • leading an unhealthy lifestyle, excessive addiction to smoking and alcoholic beverages;
  • the presence of chronic diseases of the oral and nasal cavities;
  • allergic reactions;
  • decreased reactivity of the immune system;
  • congenital pathologies of the structure or functioning of the bronchopulmonary system;
  • lack of timely treatment for viral bronchitis.

    • In children, the disease can be caused by the chickenpox or measles virus, as well as herpes infection. In most cases, bronchitis occurs in children because it is contagious. A pathogenic bacterium is transmitted through coughing.

    Varieties

    Depending on the severity of symptoms, there are several forms of bacterial bronchitis. The first of them is spicy. It is characterized by inflammation of a large area of ​​the lungs; a small amount of purulent fluid can form inside, which over time will occupy all the free space. The main feature that distinguishes this form of the disease is a significant increase in temperature. Children experience difficulty in exhaling. The pulse increases greatly, the lips take on a pale or bluish tint. Treatment consists of taking antibiotics.

    The second form is spastic, differs in that it occurs mainly in newborns. With this course, the child’s bronchi become severely inflamed and mucus is formed. The disease begins with a sharp increase in temperature, after which a cough appears. The baby has difficulty breathing on his own, causing him to experience shortness of breath. During diagnostic listening, strong wheezing is heard.

    The protracted form occurs not only in children, but also in adults. The reasons for this may be ineffective treatment of viral bronchitis or foreign objects entering the respiratory tract. Only an experienced doctor can make such a diagnosis.

    Symptoms

    Characteristic symptoms will help to recognize bacterial bronchitis; moreover, at the beginning of the disease they are expressed too sharply. These signs include:

    • lethargy and weakness of the body;
    • pain and burning in the chest area;
    • cough - at first it is dry and only bothers you during the day. As the disease progresses, sputum production appears, and coughing attacks can occur even at night. Even after all signs have been eliminated, coughing is often observed for a month;
    • increase in body temperature;
    • the appearance of impurities of pus or blood in the sputum;
    • increased sweating;
    • the occurrence of shortness of breath even with minor physical exertion.

    With proper therapy, the recovery period is approximately ten days. Ignoring symptoms, prolonged progression of the disease and lack of competent treatment tactics can lead to pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia or death of the patient.

    Diagnostics

    Before starting therapy, it is necessary to find out the origin of the pathological process. Laboratory tests can confirm the bacterial nature of the disease. But before carrying them out, the specialist needs to find out the possible causes of the disease and the route of infection, the presence and intensity of symptoms, in particular a strong cough with sputum and shortness of breath. In addition, doctors conduct an examination of the patient, during which the child or adult is listened to with a special instrument for the presence of noise during inhalation and exhalation.

    Laboratory examinations include the following tests:

    • blood - the number of leukocytes will enable the specialist to identify the factor in the progression of the disease, as well as the severity of the pathological process;
    • sputum produced when coughing. Allows you to identify the pathogenic bacterium that has become the main pathogen. This test requires proper preparation before it is performed. The patient needs to clean his mouth and drink as much water as possible per day. The analysis is given only to specialists. laboratories using sterile containers.

    In addition, the sensitivity of the flora to antibiotics is determined. Based on the results of this analysis, the most suitable medications for the treatment of bacterial bronchitis are determined. In severe cases of the disease, additional instrumental examinations are necessary, in particular spirography and bronchoscopy.

    Treatment

    In order to prevent the development of complications and chronicity of the process, it is important to correctly prescribe therapy for bacterial bronchitis. Antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment. But in addition to such medications, a complex of other medications is prescribed:

    • antipyretics – to eliminate high temperatures;
    • expectorants;
    • bronchodilator drugs.

    The success of treatment also lies in the use of injections, massages, inhalations, mustard plasters or cupping for bacterial bronchitis. In addition, complex therapy may include traditional medicine. Such recipes consist of the use of propolis and sage, lingonberries and mumiyo, horseradish and garlic. Already on the second day of complex therapy, a decrease in the intensity of symptoms is noted. The cough alone can bother patients for about one month.

    Prevention

    Preventive measures for bacterial bronchitis in children and adults consist of strengthening the immune system and timely elimination of viral bronchitis. It is necessary to enrich the diet with vitamins and nutrients. In addition, it is worth limiting contact with a person who has already suffered from such an illness. This is due to the fact that bronchitis can be contagious - the bacterium is transmitted by airborne droplets.

    In order to prevent the development of such a disease, it is necessary to seek help from specialists when the first symptoms occur. With proper treatment, the manifestation of almost all symptoms can be reduced over a period of time from ten days to two weeks.

    If you think that you have Bacterial bronchitis and the symptoms characteristic of this disease, then doctors can help you: a therapist, a pediatrician, a pulmonologist.

    We also suggest using our online disease diagnostic service, which selects probable diseases based on the entered symptoms.

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    Focal pneumonia is an inflammatory-infectious disease that does not affect all of the lung tissue, but only a certain area of ​​it. In this case, the formation of small-focal or large-focal inflammation occurs in the lobules of the lung. Pathology can be either independent or secondary. In the first case, the source is pathogenic bacteria, and in the second - the occurrence of other ailments that negatively affect the tissues of this organ.

    A disease characterized by acute, chronic and recurrent inflammation of the pleura is called tuberculous pleurisy. This disease has the peculiarity of manifesting itself through infection of the body with tuberculosis viruses. Pleurisy often occurs if a person has a tendency to pulmonary tuberculosis.

    Lung abscess is a nonspecific inflammatory disease of the respiratory system, as a result of the progression of which a cavity with thin walls is formed in the lung, which contains purulent exudate. This disease more often begins to develop if pneumonia has been treated inadequately - melting is observed in the area of ​​the lung, followed by necrosis of the tissue.

    Fungal pneumonia is an inflammation in the lungs caused by opportunistic fungi existing in the body or fungal flora introduced from outside. If the disease developed as a result of the active reproduction of opportunistic microflora or when an infection was introduced from the outside, then we speak of primary fungal pneumonia, and when the pathology arose against the background of other diseases of the internal organs (diabetes mellitus, bronchiectasis, etc.) - of secondary fungal pneumonia pneumonia. Treatment of the disease should be comprehensive, and in no case include taking antibiotics, which can aggravate the course of pneumonia.

    With the help of exercise and abstinence, most people can do without medicine.

    Symptoms and treatment of human diseases

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    Source: http://simptomer.ru/bolezni/organy-dykhaniya/2062-bakterialnyy-bronkhit-simptomy