Tonsillitis in children: symptoms and treatment

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What should parents know when treating tonsillitis in a child?

This upper respiratory tract infection often occurs in younger schoolchildren and preschool children. Inflammation affects the lymphoid tissue of the tonsils, they increase in size and become painful.

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Instead of resisting infection by producing antibodies, they themselves become a source of danger. Tonsillitis in children can recur several times throughout the year. Most often, such manifestations are diagnosed in children with thyroid disorders.

How does the disease manifest itself?

In the acute period, the child feels severe pain in the throat, which becomes even stronger when swallowing and yawning. A headache appears, the lymph nodes enlarge and become painful on palpation, and there is no appetite. Due to bacterial damage to the tonsils, hyperthermia can reach 39-40⁰C, the child has a fever, and convulsions may appear.

It is necessary to distinguish childhood tonsillitis from other diseases with similar symptoms. The absence of fever and chills, combined with pain in the throat, may be manifestations of pharyngitis or adenoviral infection. The famous pediatrician Dr. Komarovsky is confident that if there is a cough and runny nose in combination with a clear throat, one should not suspect a sore throat in children.

Symptoms of chronic tonsillitis:

  • Moderate pain in the throat, sometimes burning and tingling in the tonsils;
  • Obsessive cough with release of cavernous masses into the oral cavity;
  • Fatigue and weakness;
  • Low-grade fever;
  • Unpleasant putrid odor from the mouth.

The disease in its decompensated form is accompanied by shortness of breath and heart pain, arthralgia of the knee and wrist joints. Visually, you can see enlarged, reddened tonsils with a yellow or white purulent coating.

Only a doctor can correctly assess the signs of the disease, so parents should show the child to a specialist and not conduct self-diagnosis.

Causes of tonsillitis

This pathology occurs as a result of pathogenic microbes entering the body (streptococci, staphylococci, Haemophilus influenzae, parainfluenza viruses, herpes viruses, pathogens of adenoviral and enteroviral infections). As a result of the introduction of pathogenic flora, the process of self-cleaning of the tonsils is disrupted, and inflammation occurs.

Diseases that provoke tonsillitis in children:

  • Pharyngitis and its relapses;
  • Caries;
  • Purulent sinusitis;
  • Polyps in the nasal cavity;
  • Stomatitis;
  • Adenoiditis in chronic form;
  • Deformation of the nasal septum, resulting in impaired nasal breathing.

Additional factors that reduce the body's defenses can be rickets, allergies, vitamin deficiency, gastrointestinal infections, somatic diseases in a child, and perinatal pathologies.

Age-related features of the structure of the pharynx: narrow lacunae of the tonsils, adhesions that make their emptying difficult - the main reason that this pathology is so common in children. The tonsils do not function as a barrier against pathogenic microorganisms, but, on the contrary, become a source of infection.

Types of childhood tonsillitis

There are several bases for classifying tonsillitis. First of all, a distinction is made between compensated and decompensated forms. In the first case, the pathology is limited to local signs, in the second, complications appear that affect other organs of the child.

Types of disease by location:

  • Lacunar;
  • Follicular;
  • Mixed (lacunar-parenchymal) tonsillitis.

Tonsillitis can be atrophic, when the tonsils shrink, and hypertrophic, when their volume increases significantly.

Tonsillitis can occur in acute and chronic forms. The acute course of the disease is characterized by severe hyperthermia and a significant deterioration in health. Timely complex treatment with a combination of various drugs can completely eliminate the risk of relapse or complications.

If such manifestations recur, the disease is considered to have become chronic.

Chronic tonsillitis in a child

If a child has reduced immunity, with any hypothermia or contact with infected people, there is a high probability that he will get tonsillitis again, and in an acute form.

Such manifestations are very worrying for parents, as complications may arise in the form of diseases of the heart and kidneys, respiratory system, hyperthyroidism, and sepsis. Particularly severe complications in rare cases lead to death.

With timely examination of children, compliance with doctor's recommendations, and prevention of complications, severe consequences can be avoided. The use of modern drugs in combination with other treatment methods will lead to complete recovery.

Diagnosis of tonsillitis

To clarify the diagnosis, you need to contact a pediatrician or otolaryngologist. The doctor will need to take a medical history and conduct a visual examination. To do this, he measures the child’s temperature, palpates the cervical lymph nodes, and assesses the condition of the patient’s palate and throat.

Using a pharyngoscope, an otolaryngologist examines the condition of the mucous membrane of the throat and oral cavity.

During this study, inflamed palatine arches, hypertrophied tonsils of loose consistency, and purulent plugs in them are discovered. Using a button probe, the doctor determines the adhesions and adhesions in the lacunae and their depth.

The results of laboratory tests will help complement the overall picture of the patient’s condition:

  • General blood analysis;
  • General urine analysis;
  • Bacteriological culture of a throat smear for microflora;
  • Blood test to determine C-reactive protein;
  • ASL-O - analysis to determine the titer of antibodies to streptococcus.

For differential diagnosis with tuberculous pharyngitis, tuberculin tests are performed. Additionally, the doctor may prescribe instrumental studies:

If necessary, a child suffering from chronic tonsillitis is consulted by a cardiologist, rheumatologist, or nephrologist.

Treatment of tonsillitis in children

If tonsillitis is diagnosed in children, the child is prescribed a special gentle diet, bed rest, and complex therapy with medications.

Groups of drugs used in the treatment of the disease:

  • Antibiotics sensitive to microflora (cephalosporins, aminopenicillins, macrolides);
  • Immunomodulators;
  • Desensitizers;
  • Vitamin complexes;
  • Means for topical use (antiseptic solutions for irrigating the throat, sprays and aerosols, absorbable tablets).

Most commonly used medications:

An antibiotic with antistreptococcal action, used in the form of injections;

Antibiotic, effective against streptococcus, used in capsule form for oral use;

Spray, tablets or solution for gargling with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesic effect;

A drug for correcting immunity in the form of tablets or drops for preparing a solution;

Solution of chlorophyllipt, iodinol.

Antiseptics for washing tonsils;

Preparations for treating the posterior pharyngeal wall;

Aerosol for topical use with an antiseptic effect;

Dissolving tablets with antimicrobial action;

Prevention of relapses and treatment of tonsillitis in children is carried out using physiotherapeutic methods: electrophoresis, mud therapy, ultrasound and laser. In addition to conservative therapy methods, traditional medicine recipes are used:

  • Propolis with butter;
  • Drinking beet juice;
  • Garlic oil;
  • Lubricating the tonsils with oil from St. John's wort leaves, a mixture of aloe and honey;
  • Eating sea buckthorn berries;
  • Gargling with a decoction of myrtle leaves and clove flowers.

Before using traditional recipes, you should consult your doctor.

If chronic tonsillitis in a child does not respond to conservative treatment, and its symptoms threaten the patient with severe complications, removal of the tonsils (tonsillectomy) may be recommended. Modern methods of excision of tonsils are carried out in a gentle manner, with a minimum of complications:

  • Electrocoagulation;
  • Radio wave surgery;
  • Traditional surgical intervention;
  • Laser surgery.

To treat tonsillitis in the most effective ways, the doctor must take into account the child’s age, concomitant diseases, the severity of the pathology, and its form.

How to prevent the appearance and exacerbation of tonsillitis

There are primary and secondary prevention of the disease. In the first case, they try to prevent the appearance of tonsillitis by increasing the child’s immunity, and in the second, to prevent the disease from becoming chronic.

  • Hardening the child - dousing the feet and gargling with cool water, regular walks and games in the fresh air;
  • Following hygiene rules - regular hand washing, using disinfectant wipes, thoroughly cleaning the room, limiting contact with sick children and adults;
  • Introducing a sufficient amount of fresh vegetables and fruits into the children's diet, taking vitamin complexes;
  • Anti-relapse treatment of children with a chronic form of the disease under the guidance of an otolaryngologist;
  • Timely sanitation of the oral cavity.

For recurring throat diseases in children, parents should not self-medicate. You need to consult a doctor, conduct an examination and follow his recommendations in order to prevent serious complications.

Source: http://gaimoritus.ru/angina/tonzillit-u-detej-simptomy-lechenie.html

Tonsillitis in a child: symptoms, types and treatment

Tonsillitis is considered one of the common childhood diseases. This is an infectious disease that causes local and general intoxication and, in the absence of proper therapy, leads to serious consequences for the body. What is the cause of this disease and how to properly and safely treat tonsillitis in a child?

The nature of tonsillitis

The disease manifests itself, first of all, in pathological changes in the oropharynx, in particular in the tonsils (tonsils).

Tonsils are lymphoid formations deep in the oral cavity. Their function is to create an insurmountable barrier to germs, viruses and other microorganisms on their way to the lower respiratory tract.

When an infectious agent hits the surface of the tonsils, an immediate response is triggered: the tonsils secrete a hormonal secretion that suppresses the activity of pathogenic agents.

A properly functioning immune system gives an adequate response and copes with infection at one or another stage of acute tonsillitis. If the body's resistance is insufficient, it is not possible to completely suppress the infection, the manifestations of the disease cease to be tolerable, and severe forms of the disease develop.

Important! Tonsillitis in a child tends to be chronic, so treatment of its acute manifestations should be taken very seriously in order to avoid the development of the disease into chronic tonsillitis in a child.

Causes of tonsillitis in children

Throughout life, a person constantly comes into contact with many microorganisms - fungi, viruses, bacteria. But in most cases, such meetings pass unnoticed, without affecting the well-being of either the adult or the child. This means that insemination took place in a small amount (which is the norm if body hygiene is observed) and the body’s defenses are working normally.

But in some situations, infection (the introduction of microorganisms and their reproduction) is inevitable. This occurs with a temporary decrease in immune strength:

  • With local hypothermia (cold drinks, ice cream);
  • With general hypothermia;
  • In case of a long-term psycho-traumatic situation;
  • After a recent illness;
  • Against the backdrop of an unfavorable environment;
  • In contact with a person with purulent tonsillitis (bacterial form) or when sharing household and personal items with him (dishes, toothbrush, etc.).

In these cases, bacteria or viruses attack the body, primarily the mucous membranes, which leads to the development of inflammatory processes, in particular to diseases such as tonsillitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis. Serious medical attention is often required to eliminate these diseases. Viruses in most cases cause a simple (catarrhal) form of tonsillitis, while bacteria (mainly staphylococcus) cause purulent tonsillitis (follicular and lacunar form of tonsillitis in children).

The incubation period for bacterial tonsillitis is two to five days after exposure. However, if the patient with whom contact occurred took antibiotics, then he was not infectious. 24 hours after starting antibiotics, the patient becomes non-infectious.

Symptoms of tonsillitis in children

In the vast majority of cases, acute tonsillitis in children first occurs at an early age. Acute tonsillitis in a child begins quite brightly - without warning signs and in a short time the following signs appear:

  • Sore throat, which is felt constantly and worsens when swallowing, sometimes radiates to the ear;
  • Swollen tonsils and visible redness;
  • Labored breathing;
  • Hoarse voice and pain when speaking;
  • The color of the throat is gray-yellow;
  • Enlarged jaw and cervical lymph nodes;
  • Increase in temperature (depending on the type of sore throat) - from low-grade to high (39°C), which is difficult to break down;
  • Deterioration in general health – weakness, irritability, lethargy, lack of appetite, headache, nausea or vomiting.

Symptoms of tonsillitis in infants and young children

In addition to high temperature, the following symptoms indicate the presence of tonsillitis (tonsillitis) in infants:

  • Refusal to eat;
  • Excess saliva due to inability to swallow;
  • unusual fussiness or tiredness;
  • Labored breathing.

Visible changes, obvious even when examining the oral cavity with the naked eye, occur in the tonsils. The tonsils increase in volume, their surface loosens, the folds of the lacunae are smoothed out. The mucous membrane shows obvious signs of disease:

  • Redness (from mild to bright) is the catarrhal form, the most harmless and easiest to treat. In the vast majority of cases, the causative agent is a virus;
  • Yellowish-white dotted formations are a follicular form that requires intensive local treatment. In more than 90% of cases, the causative agent is staphylococcus;
  • Purulent plaque - the spread of pus from the folds where colonies of the infectious agent have settled - lacunar form. In more than 90% of cases, the causative agent is staphylococcus.

The classification of acute tonsillitis is not limited to these forms, but they are the most common. In any case, the main symptom and focus of the disease is a sore throat.

Treatment of tonsillitis in children

Various methods and means are used to treat acute and chronic tonsillitis.

How to treat acute tonsillitis in a child

This disease is more commonly known as tonsillitis. With effective treatment, it goes away without a trace, leaving no complications.

Important! Even a single episode of sore throat can cause serious consequences in the future: kidney and heart disease (for example, rheumatism), if medical recommendations are neglected. It is the parents who play the main role in organizing the treatment process, because Sore throat is treated on an outpatient basis.

In the acute form (primary disease), the pediatrician prescribes medications, physical therapy, prescribes rinses (at least 6 times a day), plenty of warm drinks through a straw, pureed meals and a diet.

To eliminate the source of infection, antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungals are required. Only a doctor can determine exactly which medicine will stop the spread of the disease, so self-medication is completely unacceptable: the remedies that helped one child may be completely useless to another, and in some cases can cause harm.

Important! Antibiotics help only with the bacterial nature of the disease - with purulent tonsillitis in a child (lacunar and follicular tonsillitis) - and will not help if the causative agent of the sore throat is a virus (as with catarrhal tonsillitis).

Without taking antibiotics, only by gargling, acute bacterial tonsillitis in children goes away within a day. After starting antibiotics, the infection goes away within 3-5 days.

Physiotherapeutic agents most often use UHF, electrophoresis, inhalation, application of drugs to the tonsil area, manual removal of plugs and plaque. At home, it is important to ensure that you take medications regularly, rinse frequently (at least 6 times a day), and for infants, lubricate your tonsils with gauze soaked in Miramistin or saline solution.

  • Tonsil Rinse and Solution: Mix 1/2 tablespoon salt in 1 cup warm water and gargle with this solution 6-10 times daily. This helps remove mucus and remove excess fluid from the tissues of the inflamed tonsils.

Insufficient attention to the acute manifestations of the disease leads to a chronic disease, which is much more difficult to cure than an acute one.

How to treat chronic tonsillitis in a child

When a sore throat passes into the chronic stage, it is important to know that repeated sore throats are exacerbations of a sluggish disease. The source of infection in this case remains in the body, most often in the recesses of the tonsils, and sometimes in carious teeth or the nasal cavity.

Important! Eliminating chronic tonsillitis requires patience. Constant targeted work can lead to complete control of the disease, and to adulthood and victory over it.

To properly treat chronic tonsillitis in a child, it is necessary to follow several fundamental principles:

  • Sanitation of the oral cavity - elimination of foci of bacterial or fungal infection - cleansing of the tonsils, treatment of caries, thrush, inflammation of the gums;
  • Avoidance of factors that weaken the immune system - colds, stressful situations, attending mass events during periods of epidemics;
  • Normalization of lifestyle - establishing a daily routine with sufficient rest and lack of overexertion, daily walks;
  • Strengthening the immune system - hardening the body during remission, gradual adaptation to weakening factors, complete and sufficient (not excessive) fortified nutrition, physical activity according to age.

The doctor gives specific recommendations for the use of medications.

If conservative therapy is ineffective and the disease progresses, removal of the tonsils is recommended. Surgical treatment rids the body of a constant source of infection, which has become the tonsils.

Modern surgery in this area is carried out using a laser, electric knife or cryodestruction. All these methods are gentle, postoperative complications are extremely rare, and the risk of severe bleeding is practically reduced to zero.

Traditional medicine recipes

In case of chronic tonsillitis, it is very important to maintain not only the cleanliness of the oral cavity, but also to strengthen the mucous membranes, thereby increasing local resistance to external adverse factors - cooling, infections, allergens. For this, home procedures are widely used, in particular, regular rinsing of the mouth (and in some cases the nose) with decoctions and infusions of medicinal herbs. Herbs are also added to drinks.

Recipes for useful drugs are given in the table.

It is preferable to use freshly prepared infusion each time

Thus, tonsillitis, both acute and chronic, is a serious disease of childhood. Properly organized treatment gives a chance to get rid of the disease before entering adulthood. It's worth trying for this.

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Remember that only a doctor can make a correct diagnosis; do not self-medicate without consultation and diagnosis by a qualified doctor.

Please tell me, the child was diagnosed with lacunar tonsillitis, antibiotics and rinsing were prescribed. The third day the temperature has been high, and the hands and feet are cold, what could this be? How to remove the temperature? Thank you!

Good afternoon, Nadezhda. The symptoms you described indicate a violation of blood circulation in the vessels. This condition is also called white fever. Please note that in the case of white fever in a child, mechanical methods of reducing the temperature (wiping with vinegar, alcohol solution, cold towels, etc.) cannot be used. It is necessary to restore normal heat exchange; for this, the child must be warmed and warm drinks must be given in large quantities. If the temperature is above 39 and signs of white fever appear, you must call a doctor. You can read more about white fever in the article: High temperature in a child and cold extremities: what to do?

Source: http://lechenie-baby.ru/diseases/respiratory-diseases/tonzillit-u-rebenka.html

Tonsillitis in a child: symptoms and treatment of the disease

Acute or chronic tonsillitis in any child is an inflammation of the tonsils, the main symptoms of which are a sore throat and symptoms of intoxication. A common cause is decreased immunity. The acute period of the disease is also characterized by febrile temperature. When the exacerbation passes, the symptoms become less pronounced. The disease also has other characteristic symptoms, which, if noticed, can be diagnosed in time and treatment can begin.

What is tonsillitis in a child?

The term “tonsillitis” is given in medicine to an infection of the upper respiratory tract, which causes inflammation of the lymphoid tissue of the pharyngeal ring, including the palatine, and less commonly, the pharyngeal or lingual tonsils. The acute form of the disease is also called angina. If the frequency of inflammation of the tonsils increases, the pathology is called chronic tonsillitis. Among children, the incidence of this disease is 2-3% for those aged less than 3 years, 12-15% for those aged 12 years. The danger of the disease is that in a child it can often go beyond the scope of otolaryngology.

Symptoms

Characteristic of tonsillitis is the rapid reaction of the tonsils to microbes that have entered its mucosa. They spread at high speed, causing a number of unpleasant symptoms in 1-2 days. The temperature rises sharply to degrees with acute tonsillitis. High values ​​are also typical for bacterial infection. In the case of chronicity, this occurs only during relapses of the disease. The temperature during this period rarely exceeds 37 degrees. Other symptoms of the disease differ for the acute and chronic forms, but there are several common signs:

  • sweating;
  • weakness;
  • fast fatiguability;
  • dry cough;
  • tingling, burning, redness in the tonsil area;
  • dryness and feeling of a foreign body in the throat.

Chronic

For young patients, the chronic form of tonsillitis is more typical. It develops as a result of an incompletely cured acute stage or against the background of frequent colds. The pathology process is sluggish, local signs are not so strong. The main symptoms of this form are:

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  • moderate enlargement of the tonsils and submandibular nodes;
  • purulent wounds on atrophied tonsils - lacunar plugs;
  • feeling of dry mouth;
  • swelling, looseness of the tonsils.

The chronic form is characterized by alternating periods of relapse and remission. In recent years there have been no symptoms of the disease. Such periods occur during the warm season. Chronic inflammation of the tonsils in a child can cause the development of a toxic-allergic form of tonsillitis, which causes complications in the kidneys, heart and joints. Such consequences can be recognized by the following signs:

  • constant weakness;
  • Bad mood;
  • low-grade fever;
  • absent-mindedness;
  • fast fatiguability;
  • drowsiness.

Spicy

The stage of acute tonsillitis is characterized by pronounced symptoms. The temperature with this form of sore throat rises much more often. It may differ by jumps up to the level of degrees. Acute tonsillitis in children has other characteristic symptoms, such as:

  • weakness;
  • chills;
  • nausea, vomiting;
  • headache;
  • enlargement and tenderness of the cervical lymph nodes;
  • sore throat, sore throat, worse when swallowing;
  • child's refusal to eat.

Signs

Symptoms of tonsillitis describe what a sick child feels. Children cannot always talk correctly about their condition, especially very young ones. In this case, parents will be helped by a list of external signs of the disease, which includes:

  • hoarseness of voice;
  • looseness, swelling of the tonsils;
  • hyperemia of the arches of the palate;
  • purulent plugs in the lacunae of the tonsils;
  • hoarse voice;
  • urge to cough;
  • plaque on the tonsils;
  • bad breath;
  • enlarged submandibular lymph nodes;
  • dyspnea;
  • profuse drooling;
  • high fever for several days;
  • baby has difficulty swallowing;
  • decreased appetite.

Causes

The main causes of tonsillitis are viral pathogens or microbes. Of the latter, the bacteria streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococcus, hemophilus influenzae and other microbial associations are of paramount importance. Among the viruses, the causes of sore throat are pathogens of enteroviral and adenoviral infections, influenza, parainfluenza, and herpes. Even fungi can cause the development of tonsillitis. Particular causes of angina are other diseases or pathologies:

  • untreated acute respiratory viral infections;
  • inflammatory and infectious processes in the nasopharynx;
  • sinusitis;
  • adenoiditis (causes adenotonsillitis);
  • stomatitis, caries, periodontal disease;
  • unbalanced diet;
  • hypovitaminosis;
  • rickets;
  • deep or narrow tonsils;
  • adhesions and a large number of slit-like passages on the tonsils;
  • weakened protective functions of the body;
  • hypothermia;
  • diathesis;
  • high sensitivity to certain foods or medications.

Possible complications

Tonsillitis, especially its chronic form, is a dangerous disease with a large number of potential complications. A particularly serious consequence is the transition of the disease into a toxic-allergic form of two types. The first form causes signs of general intoxication of the body and allergization. They cause pain in the joints and heart against the background of a normal ECG. This leads to the fact that the child suffers ARVI or influenza more severely.

As a result of the second toxic-allergic form of tonsillitis, complications in the heart, joints and kidneys are possible. Consequences may include hyperplasia, scarring and atrophy of the tonsils. Advanced cases of tonsillitis lead to:

  • glomerulonephritis;
  • pyelonephritis;
  • abscesses;
  • laryngitis;
  • otitis media;
  • polyarthritis;
  • pneumonia;
  • psoriasis;
  • rheumatic damage to the joints or heart.

Classification

There are different criteria for dividing tonsillitis into groups. The main thing is the nature of the clinical course, according to which the disease can be compensated or decompensated. The first form is characterized by local symptoms of chronic inflammation, such as hyperemia, swelling, and arch hyperplasia. Decompensated tonsillitis is complemented by tonsillorenal, tonsillocardial and other complications. If we take the localization of the source of inflammation as a criterion for classification, we can distinguish the following forms of the disease:

  1. Parenchymal tonsillitis, or follicular tonsillitis. The infection affects the lymphoid tissue of the tonsils.
  2. Lacunar tonsillitis. The disease spreads to the crypts. They become dilated and filled with pus.
  3. Lacunar-parenchymal tonsillitis. Characterized by damage to the entire surface of the tonsils. They become like a sponge filled with caseosis and microbial masses.

Diagnostics

If you suspect a sore throat, the child should be taken to a pediatrician and otolaryngologist. Doctors will examine the baby. Pharyngoscopy is used to detect inflammation on the palatine arches, the presence of pus and looseness. To make an accurate diagnosis, your doctor may order one of the following tests:

  • urine and blood analysis;
  • Ultrasound of the kidneys;
  • radiography of the paranasal sinuses;
  • palpation of the submandibular lymph nodes;
  • tank sowing of material to identify the causative agent of the disease and its sensitivity to certain drugs;
  • ECG.

Treatment

If the diagnosis is confirmed, the child is prescribed treatment. This may be conservative therapy with medication or surgical treatment. Surgery is performed if medications do not help. Surgical intervention is also indicated in cases of chronic tonsillitis, when it appears several times a year. The acute form of the disease can be cured by bed rest, diet, medication and physiotherapeutic treatment.

Medication

The prescription of certain drugs is determined by the form of the disease. Only a doctor can prescribe medications to a child, because not every medication is approved for childhood. To cure the disease, the specialist prescribes medications from the following categories:

  1. Antibacterial drugs. Used in case of bacterial tonsillitis after tank culture. In childhood, the drug Augmentin is approved. From the first year of life, an antibiotic is used in the form of a suspension. The disadvantage is a large list of side effects.
  2. Antihistamines. Necessary to reduce swelling of the tonsils. Children can be treated with Zodak. In the form of drops and syrup, it is allowed from the age of 1-2 years. Plus – minimal side effects.
  3. Antiseptic. Their area of ​​application is gargling. The solutions wash the tonsils from germs and pus. Miramistin is approved for children. Its advantage is that the composition includes only 2 components. These are miramistin and purified water, which are safe in childhood.

Rinse procedures

You can wash off bacteria and plaque, especially with purulent sore throat, using the rinsing procedure. If you use special medications or some home remedies for it, you can cure tonsils faster. As a result of rinsing, complete disinfection and moistening of the oral cavity occurs. The throat should be rinsed up to 3-4 times a day. The procedure is repeated for 7-10 days. The following can be used as rinses:

  • Furacilin;
  • Chlorophyllipt;
  • Miramistin;
  • Rotokan;
  • Chlorhexidine;
  • Rivanol;
  • decoction of chamomile, calendula, ginger root, eucalyptus.

Tonsil removal

Tonsillotomy in children is indicated for frequent sore throats (up to 4 times a year), peritonsillar abscess, ineffectiveness of medications and cases of rheumatic fever. Enlarged tonsils, which prevent breathing, are also the reason for a child’s surgery. There are different methods for removing tonsils:

  1. Electrocoagulation. Involves cauterization of affected tissues with high-frequency current. Plus - a little blood loss.
  2. Ultrasonic radiation. Healthy mucous membrane is not affected; only damaged tissue is removed by laser.
  3. Using a wire loop. This method is old, but brings positive results. In addition, it is cheap. The only downside is the long recovery.

Folk remedies

Against the background of conservative therapy with medications, it is worth using traditional methods for treating children. They consist of lubricating the tonsils or gargling with decoctions of medicinal herbs. Several of them can be prepared according to the following recipes:

  1. Dissolve 4 drops of basil essential oil in a glass of warm water. Rinse your throat with this solution. Repeat the procedure again in the evening. The course of treatment is 20 days.
  2. Mix linden honey and aloe juice in equal proportions. The prepared mixture should be lubricated on the tonsils up to 3 times a day. Treatment lasts for 2 weeks, but the procedure is done every other day.

How to feed a child when sick

Due to severe pain, the baby may refuse to eat. In this case, it is important not to give him fried, sour, salty, too hard and spicy foods. Such dishes will only provoke even more inflammation. Food should be soft and at a comfortable temperature - neither hot nor cold. You should not give your child milk, which is a good breeding ground for bacteria. To reduce pain when swallowing, you should give children fruit jelly.

Prevention

Since children are prone to developing sore throat, it is necessary to take preventive measures in a timely manner. They are aimed at strengthening the immune system and reducing the incidence of ARVI. To do this, parents need to do the following:

  • avoid hypothermia;
  • in case of chronic tonsillitis, provide the child with observation by an otolaryngologist;
  • instill in your child the habit of washing hands after visiting public places;
  • take your child to the dentist twice a year;
  • protect from contact with sick children;
  • carry out hardening procedures;
  • maintain oral hygiene;
  • completely treat bronchitis, rhinitis and even the common cold.

Photos of tonsillitis in children

Video

The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials in the article do not encourage self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and make recommendations for treatment based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

Source: http://sovets.net/14944-tonzillit-u-rebenka.html

Chronic tonsillitis in children: symptoms and treatment. Pediatrician advice

Chronic tonsillitis is a disease of an infectious-allergic nature, with the development of persistent inflammation in the tonsils (usually palatine, less often glossopharyngeal). The disease can develop at any age of the child.

Normally, the lymphoid tissue of the tonsils is the first barrier for microorganisms, preventing their penetration into the respiratory tract. In chronic tonsillitis, tonsils affected by microbes themselves become the source of infection, causing it to spread to other organs and tissues.

Chronic tonsillitis is widespread among children. According to statistics, this disease is detected in 3% of children under 3 years of age and about 15% in children under 12 years of age. More than half of the children from the group who are often and long-term ill have chronic tonsillitis.

Causes of the disease

Typically, the onset of chronic tonsillitis is preceded by frequent sore throats, although the process may end up becoming chronic even after one case of acute tonsillitis if it is not treated or the course of treatment is not completed.

The causative agents of chronic inflammation of the tonsils can be:

  • beta-hemolytic streptococcus (most common);
  • hemophilus influenzae;
  • Pneumococcus;
  • staphylococcus

In rare cases, chronic tonsillitis is caused by viruses, mycoplasma, chlamydia, and fungi.

All of them are capable of causing dysbiosis of the microflora in the nasopharynx, which leads to disruption of the process of self-cleaning of lacunae in the tonsils, development and reproduction of pathogenic microflora, which causes chronic inflammation.

Factors such as hypothermia, a history of acute respiratory viral infection, decreased immunity, and a stressful situation can activate pathogenic microflora in the tonsils. These factors cause exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis. The disease often develops in children with food allergies, rickets, chronic rhinitis, hypovitaminosis and other factors that reduce immunity.

There are rare cases of chronic tonsillitis in children who have never had a sore throat before - the so-called non-angina form. In this case, the cause is diseases in which the palatine tonsils are involved in the inflammatory process: stomatitis, adenoiditis, periodontal disease, caries, sinusitis.

Pathogens actively penetrate the lymphoid tissue of the tonsil, blood and lymphatic vessels. The toxins they release cause an allergic reaction. Exacerbations of chronic inflammation lead to hyperplasia and scarring or, conversely, atrophy of the tonsils.

In atrophic tonsillitis, fibrous tissue replaces the lymphoid tissue of the tonsils, and the tonsils shrink. With hypertrophic tonsillitis, connective (fibrous) tissue also grows, but due to the increase in purulent follicles, cysts form from lacunae, so the tonsils increase in size.

Depending on the predominance of small pustules or enlarged lacunae in the affected tonsil, follicular or lacunar forms of chronic tonsillitis are distinguished, respectively. And since the damage to the lymphoid tissue is uneven in different areas, the surface of the tonsils becomes uneven and bumpy.

Symptoms

The following symptoms are characteristic of chronic tonsillitis:

  1. Purulent plugs in the lacunae of the tonsils. They consist of mucus, exfoliated epithelial cells, microbes and cause an inflammatory process in the tonsil. In place of the rejected epithelial cells, permanent entrance gates are formed for bacteria located in the lacunae. Traffic jams cause irritation of nerve endings, which is manifested by a tickling sensation and pain in the throat, the urge to cough, shortness of breath, increased heart rate and pain in the ears.
  2. Discharge of purulent contents from the lacunae when pressing on the tonsils.
  3. Bad breath associated with the presence of purulent plugs.
  4. Formation of adhesions (adhesions) of the tonsils with the palatine arches.
  5. Enlargement of the submandibular lymph nodes, dense and sensitive when palpated, not fused to each other.
  6. Redness of the anterior palatine arches.
  7. Long-term increase in temperature within 37.5 0 C.
  8. When tonsillitis worsens, the child quickly gets tired, becomes capricious and irritable, and has a headache.

What is the danger of chronic tonsillitis?

Chronic tonsillitis, being a constant source of infection in the child’s body, not only depletes the immune system, but can also lead to a number of complications:

  • rheumatism, affecting the heart (with the development of defects) and joints;
  • diseases of the kidneys and urinary system (glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis);
  • otitis media with hearing loss;
  • pneumonia;
  • polyarthritis (inflammation of the joints);
  • exacerbation of allergic diseases;
  • psoriasis (skin disease).

Chronic tonsillitis can cause thyrotoxicosis (thyroid disease). Untreated for a long time, tonsillitis can lead to the development of an autoimmune disease, when, as a result of a malfunction in the immune system, the body produces antibodies to its own cells.

Therefore, the situation should not be left uncontrolled. It is necessary to promptly contact an ENT doctor and treat the child.

Treatment

In case of exacerbation of the process, conservative treatment is carried out:

  • antibiotic therapy taking into account the sensitivity of the pathogen according to the results of a bacteriological smear from the throat;
  • local use of bacteriophages: bacteriophages are called viruses for bacteria - streptococci and staphylococci. Of particular importance is the treatment of chronic tonsillitis with bacteriophages in cases where the pathogen is insensitive to antibiotics;
  • irrigating the tonsils or gargling with solutions or aerosols of disinfectants (furatsilin solution, soda solution);
  • use in the form of tablets for resorption of drugs with antimicrobial action (Decatylene, Antiangin, etc.);
  • treatment with homeopathic medicines can be used for exacerbation of tonsillitis and as a prophylaxis (the drug and dose should be selected by a pediatric homeopath);
  • physiotherapeutic treatment (quartz throat tube, UHF, ultrasound).
Surgical treatment (removal of tonsils) is carried out only when the stage of decompensation of chronic tonsillitis is diagnosed: the tonsils are completely affected and do not perform a protective function without the possibility of its restoration. Infected tonsils cause more harm to the child's body than good, and surgery is the only way out.

Indications for surgery are:

  • purulent inflammation of the oropharynx;
  • damage to other organs caused by tonsillitis;
  • tonsillogenic sepsis;
  • lack of effect from conservative treatment, as evidenced by frequent exacerbations of tonsillitis (an absolute indication for surgery is the occurrence of streptococcal tonsillitis 4 or more times per year).

Previously, tonsils were removed using a scalpel - a rather painful method, accompanied by significant blood loss. New technologies are now being used, including laser tonsil removal.

The advantages of laser surgery are obvious:

  • highly accurate and less traumatic method;
  • the possibility of removing part of the affected tonsil that has lost its function;
  • minimal blood loss due to laser coagulation of blood vessels;
  • low risk of complications;
  • shortening the recovery period;
  • low probability of relapse of the disease.

Laser operations are usually performed under general anesthesia to avoid a stressful situation for the child and to enable the surgeon to accurately perform the removal. The operation lasts up to 45 minutes. When the child wakes up, an ice pack is applied to the neck area.

After surgery, painkillers and antibiotics are used to prevent complications. For several days, the child is given liquid food and ice cream (hot foods are excluded).

There are other methods of tonsillectomy - using liquid nitrogen or ultrasound. Laser surgery is the most gentle of them. The choice of surgical method is made by the doctor depending on the degree of proliferation of connective tissue, the density of scars and their fusion with the tissues of the oropharynx.

The operation is contraindicated for:

  • acute inflammatory processes (removal of tonsils is possible 3 weeks after recovery);
  • blood diseases and coagulation system disorders;
  • diabetes mellitus;
  • active tuberculosis;
  • aneurysm of oropharyngeal vessels and other vascular anomalies;
  • menstruation in girls.

Treatment of chronic tonsillitis with folk remedies

The child should be taught to rinse his mouth after eating. For rinsing, you can use decoctions of chamomile, oak bark, calamus root separately or in the form of collections. Herbal teas are taken orally. It is better to purchase the collections ready-made (at the pharmacy), since it is important to take into account the interaction of the components of the collection with each other. Fees can have different directions of action:

  • anti-inflammatory herbal tea: coltsfoot, St. John's wort, wormwood, dill, sage, thyme, calamus and peony roots, chamomile and calendula flowers, currant leaves are mixed in equal quantities; 1 tsp. collection, pour 200 ml of boiling water, leave for 4 hours, bring to a boil, strain and give the child 50–100 ml (depending on age) 2 times a day;
  • herbal tea to strengthen the immune system: St. John's wort, horsetail, wild rosemary, rosemary, calamus and licorice root, rose hips, mix in equal parts, take 1 tsp. mix into a glass of boiling water, brew and drink like regular tea.

As a general tonic, you can prepare a mixture: 5 parts beet juice, 3 parts rosehip syrup, 1 part lemon juice, mix and leave in the refrigerator for a day, take 1-2 tsp after meals. 3 times a day.

For gargling, non-native medicine recommends the following solutions:

  • add 1 tsp per glass of warm water. salt and 5 drops of iodine (if you are not allergic to iodine) and rinse every 3 hours;
  • Grind 2 large cloves of garlic in a press, squeeze out the juice and add it to a glass of hot milk, cool and gargle twice a day.
Inhalations have a good effect in the treatment of tonsillitis. For them, you can use alcoholic tinctures of eucalyptus or St. John's wort (1 tablespoon of tincture per 1 liter of boiling water, breathe in the steam for 15 minutes), sage infusion (1 tablespoon of herb per glass of boiling water, leave for 20 minutes and add to 1 liter of boiling water ).

Pediatrician's advice for preventing chronic tonsillitis

If a child has chronic tonsillitis, it is important to carry out a preventive course at least 2 times a year to prevent exacerbation. Treatment should be prescribed by an ENT doctor and monitored for a month.

It may include prophylactic doses of Bicillin, the use of antiseptic solutions for gargling twice a day (solutions of furatsilin, Chlorophyllipt, decoction of chamomile, sage, calendula, etc.).

Physiotherapeutic treatment in the form of general and local quartz irradiation increases local immunity, improves blood and lymph circulation.

A good effect is obtained by washing the lacunae in the lacunar form of tonsillitis with a solution of furatsilin, Rivanol or saline solution (sometimes with the addition of penicillin). With the follicular form, the procedure does not make sense.

Other preventive measures are no less important:

  • ensuring the cleanliness of the child’s mouth (rinsing after meals);
  • timely treatment of teeth and gum pathologies;
  • maintaining hygiene in the apartment;
  • ensuring rational nutrition;
  • strict adherence to the daily routine, adequate sleep, adequate educational loads for the child;
  • daily exposure to fresh air;
  • avoiding hypothermia;
  • hardening the child’s body and his tonsils (out of exacerbations, accustom the tonsils to cold drinks in small portions);
  • massage the tonsils with light stroking movements of the hands from the lower jaw to the collarbones before the child goes outside or eats cold food;
  • A long stay on the seashore has a beneficial effect on the general condition of the child.

Summary for parents

The manifestations of chronic tonsillitis are not always pronounced, so it is not easy for parents to determine its presence in their baby. This disease can create problems for the rest of the child’s life with its complications, so it is important to diagnose and treat it in a timely manner.

Examinations of ENT organs will help identify the disease and carry out the correct local and general treatment. It requires attention and patience on the part of parents. Timely preventive measures will prevent the development of complications. In the absence of exacerbations of chronic tonsillitis for 5 years, we can talk about the child being cured.

The School of Doctor Komarovsky tells how to help a child’s throat with chronic tonsillitis:

More about how to treat chronic tonsillitis in children:

Source: http://otolaryngologist.ru/1912

Tonsillitis in children

Tonsillitis in children is an infectious-allergic process that occurs with primary damage to the lymphoid tissue of the tonsils and their persistent inflammatory reaction. In the acute period, there is pain when swallowing and yawning, febrile temperature, intoxication; Outside of an exacerbation of tonsillitis in children, the symptoms are scanty; attention is drawn to hypertrophy of the tonsils, purulent plugs in the lacunae, and enlargement of the submandibular lymph nodes. Diagnosis of tonsillitis in children is carried out by an otolaryngologist using pharyngoscopy, taking material from the throat for bacterial culture. Treatment of tonsillitis in children includes local therapy (washing the tonsils, gargling, inhalation), antibiotic therapy for exacerbations; according to indications - surgical tactics.

Tonsillitis in children

Tonsillitis in children is an infection of the upper respiratory tract, accompanied by inflammation of the lymphoid formations of the pharyngeal ring (usually the palatine, less often the lingual or pharyngeal tonsils). The term “tonsillitis” is usually used to refer to acute tonsillitis; Frequently recurring inflammation of the tonsils in children leads to the development of chronic tonsillitis. In the future, when talking about tonsillitis in children, we will mean the chronic form of the infection. Features of the course of angina in children are described in the corresponding article “Childhood diseases”.

The incidence of tonsillitis among children under 3 years of age is 2–3%, and by the age of 12 it increases to 12–15%. Tonsillitis affects at least half of frequently ill children. At the same time, the problem of tonsillitis in children goes far beyond the scope of pediatric otolaryngology. Frequent infectious and allergic attacks on the child’s body are fraught with the development of a number of severe complications: paratonsillar and retropharyngeal abscesses, tonsillogenic sepsis, arthritis, rheumatism, acquired heart defects, vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, etc. Therefore, the problem of tonsillitis in pediatrics is interdisciplinary and requires the involvement of specialists from the field pediatric rheumatology, cardiology, urology.

Causes of tonsillitis in children

Among the microbial flora involved in the development of tonsillitis in children, streptococci (beta-hemolytic streptococcus of group A, viridans streptococcus), staphylococci, Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococcus, and various microbial associations are of primary importance. The frequency of isolation of hemolytic streptococcus from the throat during tonsillitis ranges from 30% to 60-80% of cases, and an increased titer of antistreptococcal antibodies (antistreptolysin-0) is found 4 times more often than in healthy children. Among other representatives of the pathogenic flora in children with tonsillitis, there are pathogens of adenoviral and enteroviral infections; parainfluenza, influenza and herpes viruses, fungi, intracellular and membrane parasites (chlamydia, mycoplasma). Against the background of morphological restructuring of lymphoid tissue and dysbiosis of the upper respiratory tract, the process of self-cleaning of tonsil lacunae is disrupted, which contributes to the proliferation of pathogens and the development of chronic inflammation.

In most cases, the onset of chronic tonsillitis in children is preceded by a single or repeated history of tonsillitis. Activation of opportunistic flora and an increase in its virulence in the tonsils occurs under the influence of hypothermia, viral and other diseases. Penetrating into the parenchyma of the tonsils, blood and lymphatic vessels, pathogens begin to produce exo- and subdotoxins, initiating the development of toxic-allergic reactions. Against the background of impaired local circulation, increased permeability of the vascular wall, and local immunosuppression, another exacerbation of tonsillitis in children develops. Due to recurrent inflammation, the parenchyma of the tonsils undergoes hyperplasia, sometimes atrophy, sclerosis, and scarring.

In some cases, children experience a non-anginal form of tonsillitis, which gradually develops under the guise of ARVI, adenoiditis, sinusitis, stomatitis, caries, periodontal disease, i.e. the involvement of the palatine tonsils in the infectious-inflammatory process occurs secondary.

The occurrence of tonsillitis in children is facilitated by the anatomical and topographical features of the lymphoid apparatus of the pharynx: narrow and deep lacunae of the tonsils, multiple slit-like passages, adhesions that make it difficult to empty the lacunae. With tonsillitis in children, the palatine tonsils do not perform their barrier function, but, on the contrary, become a constant chronic source of infection and a factor in the general sensitization of the body.

Tonsillitis often affects children with a burdened concomitant background: perinatal pathology, food allergies, rickets, lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis, nasal breathing disorders, hypovitaminosis, intestinal infections and other factors that reduce the body's defenses.

Classification of tonsillitis in children

According to its clinical course, tonsillitis in children can be compensated or decompensated. The compensated form is characterized by the presence of local signs of chronic inflammation (hyperemia, swelling, infiltration, hyperplasia of the arches; fusion of the arches with the tonsils; enlargement and pain of regional lymph nodes). In the decompensated form of tonsillitis in children, in addition to local symptoms, tonsillocardial, tonsillorenal and other complications develop.

Depending on the location of the infection, lacunar, parenchymal (follicular) and lacunar-parenchymal (mixed, total) tonsillitis in children is distinguished. With lacunar tonsillitis, inflammatory changes are localized in the crypts: they are dilated, filled with pus and caseous masses; the epithelium of the lacunae is loose, thinned, and ulcerated in places. With follicular tonsillitis in children, small subepithelial ulcers resembling millet grains are formed in the parenchyma of the tonsils. With total damage to the lymphoid tissue, the tonsils take on the appearance of a sponge filled with pus, caseosis, detritus, and microbial masses that secrete endo- and exotoxins.

Taking into account the pathomorphological changes occurring in the lymphoid tissue, a distinction is made between hypertrophic tonsillitis in children, characterized by an increase in the volume of the tonsils, and atrophic tonsillitis, in which the lymphadenoid tissue is replaced by connective, fibrous tissue, which leads to wrinkling of the tonsils.

Symptoms of tonsillitis in children

Outside of an exacerbation of tonsillitis, the child is bothered by moderate sore throat, bad breath, obsessive dry cough, low-grade fever, sweating, weakness and fatigue. In some children, manifestations of tonsillitis are limited to tingling, burning in the tonsils, dryness and a sensation of a foreign body in the throat. During severe coughing attacks, caseous masses with a putrid odor may be released from the lacunae into the oral cavity. In the decompensated form of tonsillitis in children, along with the listed signs, arthralgia in the area of ​​the wrist and knee joints, shortness of breath, and pain in the heart appear.

Exacerbations of chronic tonsillitis in children usually occur 2-3 times a year and occur in the form of a pronounced sore throat. In this case, severe pain in the throat appears (especially when swallowing, yawning), febrile body temperature, chills, headache, enlarged and painful lymph nodes, refusal to eat. Often with tonsillitis, children experience abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and cramps.

The recurrent course of tonsillitis in children is associated with such serious complications as paratonsillar and retropharyngeal abscess, tonsillogenic sepsis, which can cause the death of the child. Severe systemic complications with disabling consequences include autoimmune processes (rheumatism, polyarthritis, hemorrhagic vasculitis, glomerulonephritis), heart diseases (acquired heart defects, infective endocarditis, myocarditis, myocardial dystrophy), diseases of the bronchopulmonary system (recurrent pneumonia, bronchiectasis), hyperthyroidism, etc. A number of skin diseases can be associated with tonsillitis in children: eczema, psoriasis, multiform exudative erythema.

Diagnosis of tonsillitis in children

The diagnosis of chronic tonsillitis is preceded by taking an anamnesis, examining the child by a pediatrician and pediatric otolaryngologist, and instrumental and laboratory examination.

When performing pharyngoscopy, inflammatory changes in the palatine arches are detected; loose enlarged tonsils filled with purulent contents (in the form of plugs, liquid, caseous). Using a button probe, the depth of the lacunae, the presence of adhesions and adhesions are determined. Palpation of the cervical lymph nodes reveals regional lymphadenitis.

At the stage of laboratory examination, a clinical analysis of blood and urine, culture of material from the throat for flora, determination of C-reactive protein and ASL-O are performed.

In case of decompensated form of chronic tonsillitis, children should be consulted by a pediatric rheumatologist, pediatric cardiologist, and pediatric nephrologist.

To exclude other foci of infection in the oral cavity, it is necessary to examine the child by a pediatric dentist. Tonsillitis in children requires differential diagnosis with chronic pharyngitis and tuberculosis of the tonsils.

Treatment of tonsillitis in children

In case of exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis, the child is prescribed bed rest, a gentle diet, drug therapy: antibiotics taking into account the sensitivity of the microflora (aminopenicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides), desensitizing drugs, vitamins, immunomodulators.

Local therapy includes washing the lacunae of the palatine tonsils with antiseptics (iodinol, chlorhexidine, chlorophyllipt solutions), treating the tonsils and posterior pharyngeal wall with Lugol's solutions, fucorcin; regular rinsing with antiseptic solutions and herbal decoctions; inhalation, spraying of antiseptic aerosols and resorption of tablets with antimicrobial action. Among the physical methods of treating tonsillitis in children, the most widely used are microwave therapy, ultraphonophoresis, ultraviolet irradiation, UHF, and laser therapy. Treatment of tonsillitis in children can be carried out with the participation of a homeopathic doctor.

With frequent repeated sore throats, as well as decompensated forms of tonsillitis in children, the issue of tonsillectomy is decided. Alternative (bloodless) methods for treating tonsillitis in children are laser lacunotomy and cryotherapy. When a peritonsillar abscess is formed, it is opened.

To prevent exacerbations of tonsillitis in children, it is necessary to carry out anti-relapse treatment, including vitamin therapy, immunomodulators, hyposensitizing drugs, and sanatorium-resort treatment in a marine climate.

Forecast and prevention of tonsillitis in children

The criterion for cure of tonsillitis in children is the absence of exacerbations for 5 years after 2 years of treatment. When carrying out a full range of preventive and anti-relapse measures, it is possible to minimize the number of exacerbations and avoid complications. With frequent sore throats and the development of metatonsillar diseases, the prognosis is less favorable.

Measures to prevent tonsillitis in children include hardening, strengthening the immune system, sanitation of the oral cavity, avoiding hypothermia and contact with infectious patients. Children with chronic tonsillitis should be under the supervision of an otolaryngologist and receive anti-relapse treatment during the interanginal period.

Tonsillitis in children - treatment in Moscow

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