Nonsuppurative otitis media

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How to get rid of otitis media forever?

When we talk about otitis media, we usually mean an inflammatory process localized in the middle part of the ear. It is this form of the disease that deserves the main attention as the most common, prone to chronicity and causing complications.

Table of contents:

Troubles that occur with the external auditory canal rank second among ear inflammations and are called otitis externa. This form of the disease is relatively easy to treat and does not entail serious consequences.

Finally, the third section of the auditory system is the inner ear, in which sounds are transformed into nerve impulses. It is isolated from other sections in the temporal bone. Inflammation of this region is rare, but has detrimental consequences for hearing.

How long does otitis last?

The most general differentiation of otitis is based on the nature of the disease, which can be acute or chronic.

The disease always begins with an acute stage. With frequent repetitions or undertreatment, there is a possibility of chronicity of the pathological process, which involves alternating stages of remission and relapse. It is impossible to cure chronic otitis media quickly, especially at home. Often the only option is a surgical method to get rid of fluid accumulations in the tympanic cavity.

To understand how long it takes for otitis media to go away, another classification of this disease is important: into purulent and non-purulent forms. The first is characterized by sharp dynamics and more acute symptoms. The second is sluggish, does not manifest itself with severe pain and fever. However, non-purulent otitis due to its calm nature and untimely treatment tends to become chronic.

Non-suppurative otitis media

Non-purulent otitis of the middle ear always begins as swelling of the mucous membrane of the Eustachian tube (tubo-otitis) against the background of an inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory tract (ARVI, influenza, measles and other infections). Thus, at the initial stage, treatment of the infectious source in the nasopharynx is important.

If we talk about adults, many people experience symptoms of tubo-otitis after exposure to cold air, hypothermia, or freezing feet. Leading symptoms indicate simultaneous swelling of the mucous membranes of the nose, throat and ear:

If a person has good immunity and there are no pathogenic microbes in the environment, then the listed symptoms of otitis media go away on their own soon after the ambient temperature normalizes. Such temporary swelling of the mucous membranes does not require treatment in either adults or children.

Otherwise, an inflammatory process in the nasopharynx will occur with symptoms such as:

  • redness of the throat,
  • purulent nasal discharge,
  • creaking “wet” sounds in the ear against a background of congestion and hearing loss.

In the absence of treatment or if it is inadequate, the symptoms of tubo-otitis intensify and expand. The disease progresses to the secretory or serous stage, during which liquid effusion from the blood supplying vessels accumulates in the tympanic cavity. Secretion may occur over a period of a year or more. At the same time, its consistency thickens, it acquires a sticky shape, and the process of fibrosis begins - the formation of connective tissue scars, which significantly impair hearing and ultimately lead to deafness. Otitis media at this stage lasts up to 2 years, does not go away on its own and often becomes chronic.

Purulent otitis media

Inflammation of the middle ear with purulent discharge is characterized by a rapid and sharp course. The suppuration phase in the tympanic cavity takes 7-14 days and is accompanied by severe pain and high body temperature. If the eardrum maintains its integrity, forced perforation is indicated to ensure the release of pus. Suppuration occurs within 10 days, in exceptional cases it persists for up to 30 days. Further, the symptoms weaken, but without treatment the disease enters the chronic stage with persistence of perforation, periodic suppuration, and degenerative changes in the auditory system.

How long does it take to treat otitis media?

The course and duration of otitis is determined by several factors:

  • Type of otitis and nature of the disease
  • Immune system status
  • Patient's age
  • Individual structural features of the ear system
  • Presence of a tumor in the nasopharynx

Otitis media

To cure otitis media at home as quickly as possible, the main attention should be paid to the treatment of the primary respiratory tract infection, because the presence of an infectious focus, even with adequate therapy, will lead to re-infection. This is especially true for the treatment of children whose immunity is in the process of formation, and relapses of otitis may occur constantly.

Therapy of non-suppurative otitis involves the use of:

  • Medicines (vasoconstrictors, antiallergics, corticosteroids, secretion thinners, antibiotics if necessary).
  • Physiotherapeutic procedures (blowing, vibration massage, pneumomassage, warming, laser exposure).
  • Surgical sanitation of the tympanic cavity.

Often, when treating non-purulent forms of otitis at home, warm compresses are used. This may help relieve pain. However, it is impossible to cure otitis media with a compress alone. The use of folk remedies for swelling of the middle ear mucosa and liquid effusion is ineffective.

Catarrhal otitis associated with a respiratory disease, with concomitant treatment, goes away in about 14 days.

Since therapy for exudative otitis media can be lengthy, and the disease itself tends to become chronic, it is not possible to limit treatment to a time frame.

Treatment of acute purulent otitis media usually takes 30 days.

In children, suppurative otitis media is often bilateral with signs of acute inflammation, which requires hospitalization for up to 2 weeks.

Otitis externa

Inflammation in the outer ear can be represented by:

  • Diffuse otitis resulting from exposure to water, drugs, mechanical trauma, etc.
  • Focal otitis media, which is caused by inflammation of the hair follicle or sebaceous gland in the ear canal.
  • Fungal otitis.
  • Bullous otitis, which is a consequence of a general infectious disease.

Of the listed forms, the fungal one lasts the longest. To cure this otitis media, it takes up to 60 days, during each of which it is necessary to thoroughly clean the ear and apply an antifungal drug. At the same time, the likelihood of relapse remains high.

Bullous and focal (furunculous) otitis are characterized by rapid dynamics. The decline in symptoms is associated with the breakthrough of painful neoplasms or sometimes with their resorption (in the bullous form). The disease usually resolves within 7 to 14 days.

Diffuse otitis is the least defined by its timing. It can last for 7-10 days, or – if the provoking factor persists – periodically worsen.

The basis for the rapid treatment of external otitis is drops with an antibiotic and glucocorticosteroids (eg, Sofradex). It is important to disinfect the ear canal. For this purpose, use:

Herbal infusions and plant juices are widely used in the treatment of external otitis media. The use of warm compresses can significantly reduce discomfort and speed up the healing process.

Internal otitis

Initially, treatment of acute inflammation of the labyrinth involves eliminating its cause, which in most cases is purulent otitis media of the middle ear. Complex drug therapy includes intravenous antibiotics.

In some cases, a hospital stay is required. It is impossible to quickly cure otitis media of the labyrinth. The task of minimizing the consequences and complications for hearing, the vestibular system and the brain comes to the fore.

Video tips for treating otitis media

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Source: http://otitoff.ru/lechenie/kak-bystro-vylechit.html

Nonsuppurative otitis media

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Non-suppurative otitis media (acute and chronic)

Otitis media

Description

Otitis media is an acute or exacerbation of chronic inflammation in the tissues of the tympanic cavity, auditory tube and mastoid process. It develops as a result of the penetration of infection mainly through the auditory tube into the middle ear. Classification There are: Catarrhal otitis media Chronic purulent otitis media (adhesive otitis media, as a complication of purulent otitis media). Pathogenesis Disorder of the ventilation function of the auditory tube contributes to venous stagnation in the mucous membrane of the tympanic cavity and the formation of transudate. Serous inflammation is caused by a weakly virulent infection that penetrates from the upper respiratory tract, against the background of a weakening of the body's defenses. Otitis in newborns occurs as a result of amniotic fluid entering the middle ear during passage through the birth canal. The anatomical structure of the auditory tube is also of great importance (in children it is wider and shorter). There are three stages of acute otitis media: Stage I - the occurrence of an inflammatory process, the formation of exudate (acute catarrhal otitis); Stage II - perforation of the eardrum and suppuration (acute purulent otitis media, adhesive otitis media); Stage III - subsidence of the inflammatory process, reduction and cessation of suppuration, fusion of the edges of the perforation of the eardrum. The duration of the disease is from several days to several weeks. Symptoms Depend on the stage of the inflammatory process. In stage I - severe pain in the ear, radiating to the corresponding half of the head, teeth, high body temperature (38–39 degrees C), significant hearing loss due to damage to the sound-conducting apparatus. During otoscopy, at the beginning of inflammation, dilated blood vessels are visible, then hyperemia of the eardrum appears, its contours smooth out. At the end of this stage, the eardrum bulges. In the blood there is leukocytosis, increased ESR. In stage II, suppuration occurs as a result of perforation of the eardrum; the pain subsides, but can resume if the outflow of pus is delayed. The general condition improves, body temperature normalizes. During otoscopy at this stage, pus is visible, a decrease in the protrusion of the eardrum, but there is still hyperemia and smoothness of its contours. In stage III, after the cessation of suppuration, the leading complaint may be decreased hearing. The clinical picture of acute inflammation of the middle ear in newborns and infants is somewhat different from that in adults. Acute otitis in infants often occurs unnoticed by others until suppuration appears. With severe otitis, the child wakes up at night, is restless, screams, turns his head, rubs the sore ear on the pillow, reaches for his ear, refuses to breastfeed (pain in the ear when sucking and swallowing increases due to increased pressure in the middle ear). Rhinopharyngitis is usually observed. Often acute otitis media is combined with a meningeal symptom complex. Treatment Bed rest, according to indications, antibiotics (in case of suppuration, it is necessary to determine the sensitivity of the microflora to them), sulfonamide drugs, antiseptics. At high temperatures amidopyrine, acetylsalicylic acid. Warming compresses, heating pads, and physiotherapy (Sollux, UHF currents) are used locally. Vasoconstrictor nasal drops. To reduce ear pain, warm 96% alcohol or drops consisting of 0.5 g of carbolic acid and 10 g of glycerin are instilled into the ear. When suppuration appears, stop instillation in the ear. If there is no effect from conservative treatment, paracentesis of the tympanic membrane is performed. After the appearance of pus from the external auditory canal, it is necessary to ensure its good outflow. If, after the cessation of purulent discharge from the ear and scarring of the eardrum, hearing remains reduced, blowing, pneumatic massage and UHF therapy to the ear area are indicated. Prognosis Usually, otitis media in various infectious diseases does not lead to hearing loss. The exception is cases of purulent otitis media, when the morphofunctional structures of the middle ear are destroyed. Prognosis Usually, otitis media in various infectious diseases does not lead to hearing loss. The exception is cases of purulent otitis media, when the morphofunctional structures of the middle ear are destroyed.

Diagnostics

LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS (MANDATORY)

Blood glucose - 1

Microbe. study of discharge from the source of infection for flora and sensitivity to antibiotics - 1

General urine test - 1

Treatment

DRUG TREATMENT

PHYSICAL AND ACTIVE

State dynamics

MED-INFO.RF: registration certificate El NFSot June 29, 2011.

Source: http://med-info.ru/reference/disease/1481

Nonsuppurative otitis media

Diseases of the ear and mastoid process

This disease is an inflammation of the external auditory canal. Otitis externa occurs as a result of infection of cracks and abrasions of the skin when scratching and picking the ear, as well as from burns, injuries and purulent inflammation of the middle ear.

Main clinical symptoms

There is itching, pain in the ear and purulent discharge from it with an unpleasant odor. Otoscopy reveals swelling of the walls of the external auditory canal, desquamation of the epidermis and the presence of purulent discharge.

The eardrum is also covered with desquamated epidermis.

The pus is removed with a cotton swab, and then the external auditory canal is washed with a solution of furatsilin at a dilution of 1: 5000. If there are ulcers, they are cauterized with a 1% silver solution. In addition, the skin of the external auditory canal is lubricated with synthomycin emulsion.

Furuncle of the external auditory canal

It develops when hair or sebaceous follicles become infected during various manipulations in the external auditory canal.

Main clinical symptoms

Pain occurs in the ear, as well as when pressing on the tragus or pulling on the auricle. In addition, the external auditory canal narrows due to the maturing boil, and regional lymph nodes become enlarged and painful.

In the first days of the disease, antibacterial drugs are used. Turunda soaked in alcohol is injected locally into the external auditory canal; various emulsions are used while the process subsides. In addition, antipyretic and painkillers are prescribed.

If the boil has matured and the pain has intensified, surgical opening is resorted to.

It occurs as a result of increased function of the glands located in the membranous-cartilaginous part of the external auditory canal. Sulfur plug is a conglomerate of dried secretion from the skin of the ear canal.

Under normal conditions, wax dries and is removed from the ear canal as a result of displacement of the anterior wall caused by movements of the maxillary joint during speaking and chewing.

If no measures are taken, the epidermal plug dries out, becomes dense and firmly fixed to the walls.

Main clinical symptoms

Hearing loss, tinnitus, and autophony (increased perception of one's own voice in one ear) are observed. These symptoms appear when the ear canal is completely blocked by sulfur masses. In these cases, dizziness, headache, nausea and cardiac problems may also occur.

The main method of treatment is rinsing the external auditory canal with warm water (in the absence of perforation of the eardrum due to previous diseases). After this, the eardrum is inspected, and the remaining water is removed with a dry cotton swab.

Otitis externa with mycoses

Otomycosis is a fungal disease caused by the development of various molds, as well as yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida, on the walls of the external auditory canal.

Contributing factors for otomycosis can be: general or local allergies, as well as metabolic disorders or dysfunction of the sulfur glands. As the fungi develop, they form a plexus of mycelium, which causes inflammation of the skin.

Main clinical symptoms

There is constant itching in the ear canal, increased sensitivity of the ear canal, congestion and noise in the ear. In addition, headaches on the affected side and mild pain occur. There is also a characteristic discharge from the external auditory canal, reminiscent of wet blotting paper, the color of which depends on the pathogen - from greenish to gray-black. The process extends to the auricle and behind the ear area.

Otomycoses caused by yeast-like fungi resemble weeping eczema.

The final diagnosis is made based on examination and the results of microscopic examination of the contents of the external auditory canal.

The main treatment is local antifungal therapy depending on the type of fungus. In addition, antifungal drugs are prescribed, and after preliminary cleaning of the external auditory canal, ointments are prescribed.

Nonsuppurative otitis media

Non-purulent (catarrhal) otitis develops when the inflammatory process moves to the mucous membrane of the auditory tube and tympanic cavity. Acute inflammation of the middle ear is closely related to the pathology of the auditory tube. Pathogens can be streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, etc.

Main clinical symptoms

Congestion in one or both ears, decreased hearing, a feeling of heaviness in the head, as well as tinnitus and autophony are observed.

The degree of hearing loss may vary. During otoscopy, the color of the eardrum may have different shades.

The nose, nasopharynx are treated and the patency of the auditory tube is restored. Vasoconstrictors and antiallergic drugs are prescribed.

In addition, the ears are blown using Politur through a catheter and pneumomassage of the eardrums is performed.

Acute purulent otitis media

Acute purulent otitis media is a fairly common disease. It can be mild or severe. Typically, acute purulent otitis is not limited to one tympanic cavity; the remaining parts of the middle ear are also involved in the inflammatory process. The immediate cause is infection, and predisposing factors may be hypothermia and a decrease in the overall reactivity of the body.

Penetration of infection into the middle ear occurs most often through the auditory tube.

Main clinical symptoms

In the typical course of acute purulent otitis media there are 3 stages.

Stage I is characterized by the emergence and development of an inflammatory process in the middle ear, the formation of infiltration and exudate, hyperemia of the eardrum, stretching of its exudate, as well as decreased hearing and general symptoms in the form of a temperature reaction, decreased appetite, deterioration of health, severe leukocytosis and an increase in ESR.

At stage II, the eardrum is perforated and suppuration occurs from the ear. This leads to an increase in the amount of exudate in the tympanic cavity, its pressure increases, which causes thinning of the eardrum and its perforation. After this, the pain in the ear decreases, the temperature decreases, and the general condition of the patient improves.

At stage III, the inflammatory process subsides with the restoration of the functional state of the middle ear.

If the course is favorable, recovery occurs, and the perforation of the eardrum is closed with a scar. However, adhesions and adhesions may occur between the eardrum and the walls of the tympanic cavity, and persistent dry perforation may develop.

In the chronic course, suppuration from the ear, mastoiditis, petrositis, labyrinthitis and paresis of the facial nerve, as well as intracranial complications, are observed.

A home regimen is prescribed to improve ventilation and drainage function of the auditory tube and vasoconstrictor drops (naphthyzin, etc.).

General treatment involves the use of antibiotics (eg paracetamol) to stop the inflammation. The course of treatment is 5–7 days. Warm compresses are prescribed locally. In cases where symptoms of irritation of the inner ear appear (headache, vomiting, dizziness), an incision of the eardrum is indicated, followed by ensuring the outflow of pus.

Mastoiditis and related conditions

Acute mastoiditis is a complication of acute purulent otitis and is an inflammation of the bone tissue of the mastoid process, which from the tympanic cavity spreads to the cellular structure of the mastoid process through the passage into the cave, and there is a disruption in communication between the skeletal system of the mastoid process and the tympanic cavity. Primary mastoiditis occurs rarely with trauma to the mastoid process, tuberculosis, syphilis or actinomycosis. Secondary mastoiditis develops due to acute purulent otitis. There are exudative and proliferative-alternative stages of mastoiditis.

Main clinical symptoms

General symptoms include deterioration in general condition, increased temperature and changes in blood composition, and local symptoms include pain, noise and hearing loss.

During an external examination, hyperemia and infiltration are noted in the area of ​​the mastoid process, the auricle protrudes anteriorly or downward.

On palpation, sharp pain is observed. During otoscopy, mastoiditis is characterized by overhanging of the soft tissues of the posterior superior part of the external auditory canal. The suppuration is pulsating, and pus can fill the ear canal immediately after it is cleared.

The disease is also indicated by the presence of a subperiosteal process.

The final diagnosis is made based on the results of radiography, showing a decrease in pneumatization, and in later stages the formation of clearing areas due to bone destruction and accumulation of pus.

Conservative and surgical treatment is mainly carried out. Conservative methods include the prescription of antibacterial agents, taking into account the sensitivity of the flora to antibiotics, thermal procedures and physiotherapeutic methods. If there is no positive effect, surgical intervention is recommended.

Inner ear diseases

One of the most common diseases of the inner ear is labyrinthitis - acute or chronic inflammation, which is limited or diffuse in nature and is characterized by disorders of the vestibular apparatus and auditory analyzer. Labyrinthitis is always a complication of another inflammatory process.

Its main symptoms are associated with dysfunction of the auditory analyzer and vestibular functions.

Complex treatment is carried out, which includes antibacterial and dehydration therapy, as well as the elimination of trophic disorders in the labyrinth and improvement of the general condition of the body. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are usually prescribed, excluding ototoxic effects.

If conservative treatment is ineffective, surgical intervention is performed within 5–7 days.

Source: http://www.redov.ru/medicina/spravochnik_feldshera/p16.php

Symptoms and treatment of otitis media

  • Characteristics of the disease
    • Etiological factors
    • Manifestations of the disease
  • Therapeutic measures
    • Antibiotic therapy

If a person is diagnosed with suppurative otitis media, treatment must include the use of antibacterial drugs. Otitis is a disease in which one or another part of the ear becomes inflamed. It can be external, middle and internal.

Otitis media develops most often. Both adults and children are susceptible to this pathology. Otitis media with timely treatment does not pose a threat to the patient's life. However, otitis media is dangerous due to its complications (inflammation of the membranes of the brain, abscess, mastoiditis). What is the etiology, clinical picture and treatment of this hearing disease?

Characteristics of the disease

In adults and children, the middle ear is located between the outer and inner. This section contains the auditory ossicles. It is into the cavity of the middle ear that the Eustachian tube opens. In most cases, otitis media occurs in an acute form. Chronic inflammation is less commonly diagnosed. The main reason for the latter is the lack of proper therapy for acute otitis media.

The following types of acute otitis media are distinguished:

As for the chronic form of the disease, it can be purulent or non-purulent. This form of otitis is characterized by damage to the eardrum. Depending on which part of it is perforated, epitympanitis, mesotympanitis and mesoepitympanitis are distinguished. In the general structure of diseases of the hearing organ, otitis media accounts for 20-30%.

The risk group includes preschool children. Most of them experience the disease before they are 1 year old. It is important that inflammation of the middle ear, even if completely cured, can subsequently provoke the development of hearing loss. Persons who frequently suffered from this disease as children have a high risk of developing hearing loss.

Etiological factors

One ear or both can become inflamed for various reasons. Most often, otitis media develops against the background of bacterial and viral diseases.

The main causes of inflammation of the middle ear are:

  • penetration of microorganisms into the ear cavity;
  • presence of influenza infection;
  • measles;
  • scarlet fever;
  • anatomical features of the auditory tube;
  • presence of rhinitis;
  • increased pressure in the oropharynx with severe sneezing or coughing;
  • improper nose blowing (through 2 nostrils at the same time);
  • traumatic damage to the eardrum by a foreign object;
  • getting into the ear and damaging the membrane by insects;
  • dysfunction of the auditory tube;
  • the presence of adenoids or sinusitis.

Often, inflammation of the middle ear occurs in people engaged in a certain type of activity (divers, submariners, pilots, parachutists). The main reason is a sharp change in atmospheric pressure. In infants, otitis media can be caused by prolonged stay in one position (lying down) or frequent regurgitation. Of no small importance in the development of bacterial otitis is a decrease in immunity against the background of somatic diseases (glomerulonephritis).

Symptoms of otitis in adults and children are most often caused by the activation of the following microorganisms: streptococci, pneumococci, staphylococci, Haemophilus influenzae. Associations of microbes are often identified. The main route of entry for bacteria is through the auditory tube. In a chronic process, a mixed flora is found in the ear (Proteus, cocci, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Fusobacteria, Bacteroides). In advanced cases, fungal flora develops.

Manifestations of the disease

Acute otitis media occurs most rapidly. The disease occurs in several stages. At the beginning of its development, the Eustachian tube becomes inflamed. The main complaints of patients at this stage are: tinnitus, feeling of congestion, hearing loss. General symptoms such as increased body temperature are most often absent.

Symptoms appear very quickly (within a few hours from the moment of inflammation). The next stage is called acute catarrhal inflammation. During this period, pain is felt in the middle ear. She is sharp in nature. There is a possibility of a slight increase in body temperature. At this stage, tinnitus and congestion become more severe.

The pre-perforative stage of the disease is characterized by increased pain. The pain can radiate to the jaw, eyes and even neck. There is an increase in body temperature. During perforation of the membrane, the patient's condition improves and the pain subsides. This occurs due to the outflow of pus from the cavity of the middle ear. At this stage, purulence from the ear is often observed. A small amount of blood may appear. Young children experience nausea and vomiting.

The duration of the discharge of pus is on average 5-7 days. The perforated hole gradually heals, and a scar forms on the damaged area. Signs of inflammation gradually decrease. This stage of the disease is called reparative.

Perforation of the membrane is not always observed. In this situation, exudate may accumulate in the ear cavity. There is a possible risk of complications such as penetration of purulent contents into the cranial cavity with the development of meningitis. The main manifestations of chronic otitis media are periodic discharge of pus with an unpleasant odor, congestion in the ear, and decreased hearing acuity. With non-purulent otitis media, hearing loss often develops.

Therapeutic measures

You should consult a doctor if ear pain lasts more than 2 days and does not go away. Treatment of otitis media is carried out only after examining the patient. Diagnostics includes collecting a medical history and life history, a general blood and urine test, determining the mobility of the eardrum, otoscopy, and audiometry. To assess the condition of the cavities and structures of the skull, X-ray examination, MRI or CT can be performed. When purulent contents are detected, tympanocentesis (puncture of the eardrum and drainage) is often performed. After the fluid is removed, the patient's condition improves.

Complicated forms of the disease (in the presence of mastoiditis or meningitis) should be treated in a hospital setting. For otitis media, treatment depends on the form of the disease. Treatment of acute otitis involves taking antibiotics, bed rest, taking painkillers, lowering the temperature (if it is above 38.5 degrees), and periodically removing pus. Ears should be washed with disinfectant solutions. Chronic otitis media should be treated by rinsing the ear cavity and instilling boric alcohol. If conservative therapy is ineffective, surgical treatment may be performed.

In the case of non-purulent chronic inflammation, blowing, pneumomassage, and physiotherapy are indicated. Currently, laser treatment in combination with other methods is increasingly used to treat acute otitis media. In order for a person to recover faster, it is necessary to eliminate the main cause of inflammation (eliminate foci of chronic infection and strengthen the immune system).

Antibiotic therapy

How to cure otitis media? An important aspect of treatment is the use of antibacterial agents. They can be prescribed in the form of tablets and capsules for oral use or as an injection solution. The injection route of administration is the most effective. The course of treatment most often lasts at least 5-7 days. Antibiotics are not always used for children. A wait-and-see approach is possible. It is justified if the child is under 2 years old, if the symptoms of the disease are mild, and only one ear is inflamed.

Drugs for the treatment of otitis media are protected penicillins (Amoxiclav, Augmentin), cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin).

It is not advisable to use antibiotics that have an ototoxic effect. When choosing a drug, its tolerability and the age of the patient are taken into account.

Prevention of otitis involves:

  • prevention of hypothermia;
  • timely treatment of chronic infectious diseases (sinusitis, rhinitis);
  • proper nutrition;
  • taking vitamins;
  • rejection of bad habits.

Prevention of otitis should be carried out from an early age, since it most often develops in children. If symptoms of the disease appear, treatment should be carried out only after the recommendations of a doctor.

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The article is very professional, gives information about a variety of things.

Please help me figure it out. My husband has tinnitus.

Antibiotics do not need to be taken too often, Nozzle patch.

Source: http://lor03.ru/otit/srednij-otit-lechenie.html

Topic: Non-suppurative otitis media - to cut or not

Theme Options

Non-suppurative otitis media - to cut or not

Classic homeopathy helps

and still avoid hypothermia and snot and water in the ears when swimming (we bought earplugs for the pool, we swim in them..)

So I decided to treat symptomatically and be vigilant.

I can’t advise anything: Vanka had otitis, but it was acute, so it went away quickly and did not recur. But I sympathize with all my might!

How are you staying alert? Just regular checkups with your doctor?

What confuses me most about this whole story is that the doctor so actively insisted on cutting out the adenoids. Moreover, the memo he issued states that there is no guarantee that otitis media will go away, and that the adenoids will not grow back

don't cry, everything will be fine, one way or another. You don't need to cry.

I don’t know about adenoids, I know that my friend’s son had trouble hearing, they noticed because the TV was always on very loud. They sent them for an operation, it didn’t seem very serious, but after that he heard perfectly.

You can use tampons for the whole night - no big deal. During the day, too. Aloe juice draws out all sorts of nasty things, change as needed.

Ours started complaining “my ear hurts” - when a long period of dental snot appeared.

now plus laryngitis-pharyngitis

Incl. It’s too early to talk about any results

I will absolutely not cut it. they didn't even offer us

An ENT friend said that they cut when it is purulent and there is no natural opening for the pus to escape. And in ordinary cases they try not to cut - there are many risks

It's the risks that scare me. And there is also complete uncertainty and no guarantees that after the operation everything will immediately become wonderful.

About otitis a long time ago, a friend gave me advice that her son suffered throughout his childhood, nothing helped, until someone told her to put onions in her ears, probably grate and strain, and supposedly everything went away immediately. But if no one knows this method, I’m afraid that I might have messed something up, it was a long time ago, her son has already gotten married

This is all I can tell you from our experience.

I heard a similar recipe for a runny nose with onions and garlic, and I even experimented on myself. The runny nose has not gone away

In general, this garbage happens to a lot of children, but in most cases it is not even diagnosed, because there are no complaints. But I don’t seem to see mass deafness around.

Don’t panic ahead of time, go to another ENT specialist first.

In the first winter in kindergarten, a child (3 years old) did not get out of otitis media: he literally took a course of antibiotics every month, then a week - quietly, and again: fluid behind the membrane, hearing loss, etc. The ENT specialist recommended drainage in the ears and ripping out the adenoids, which was done in the summer (he especially insisted that the child be healthy for at least 3 weeks before the operation). Starting from the following autumn and for the next 16 years, the child was sick a maximum of 1-2 times a season, and the ear complications stopped completely. The only inconvenience for a couple of years (until the tubes fell out on their own) was that it was necessary to strictly prevent water from getting into the ears, and my child is a waterfowl. But after that I sat in the water for hours, tumbled and jumped - in general, water poured through my ears in buckets, and all without consequences.

I was especially concerned about the ears, because... and my mother-in-law, as a result of multiple otitis media in childhood, has almost no hearing in one ear, and her husband’s ears are a weak point.

It helps us a lot to do without antibiotics and somehow keep the situation under control

Now they have missed it - so allopathy is being used (and also under the influence of the environment, of course). I objectively see that without allopathy she would be no worse off now, but her husband and mother-in-law don’t believe and are putting pressure on her.

I remembered after Brys’ post that I watched a program on RTL, about a children’s clinic. One boy also had surgery on his ears and these tubes were inserted. It seemed like a simple operation, and the boy felt great afterward, it seemed. It seems that fluid was also accumulating and had to drain away.

This, of course, is not particularly useful information, so let’s chat.

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Nonsuppurative otitis media

(inflammation of the middle ear, allergic otitis media)

Diseases of the ENT organs

general description

Non-suppurative otitis media (H65) (synonyms: secretory/exudative otitis media) is a non-inflammatory disease of the middle ear, the symptoms of which are the accumulation of fluid in the tympanic cavity, hearing loss, absence of pain, and preservation of the eardrum. This pathology is more common in preschool and school age, mainly in boys.

  • Acute (up to 3 weeks).
  • Subacute (3-8 weeks).
  • Chronic (more than 8 weeks).
  • Catarrhal (up to 1 month).
  • Secretory (1-12 months).
  • Mucosal (12-24 months).
  • Fibrous (more than 24 months).

Main reason: Eustachian tube dysfunction.

  • eustacheitis (inflammation of the auditory tube),
  • cicatricial changes in the area of ​​the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube,
  • adenoids,
  • choanal polyp,
  • acute rhinosinusitis,
  • juvenile angiofibroma,
  • displaced nasal septum with impaired breathing function,
  • hypertrophy of the inferior turbinates.

Symptoms of non-suppurative otitis media

  • Ear congestion.
  • Increased awareness of your own voice.
  • Feeling of fluid in the ear.
  • Hearing loss.
  • The tympanic membrane is whitish-pink in color with a cyanotic tint, retracted, the vascular pattern is enhanced, the light cone is shortened, mobility is limited.
  • Hearing loss (whispering and spoken speech) of the conductive type.

B - stage II (secretory).

Diagnostics

  • Consultation with an otorhinolaryngologist.
  • Hearing examination using whispered and spoken speech.
  • Tuning fork tests.
  • Tympanometry.
  • Pure-tone audiometry.

Treatment of non-suppurative otitis media

Treatment is prescribed only after confirmation of the diagnosis by a medical specialist.

  • Sanitation of the upper respiratory tract.
  • Self-blowing, blowing of the auditory tubes according to Politzer.
  • Pneumomassage, vibration massage of the eardrum.
  • Catheterization of the auditory tube.
  • Physiotherapy.
  • Antibiotic therapy.
  • Antihistamines.
  • Vasoconstrictor nasal drops. Ear drops.

If drug treatment is ineffective, surgical treatment is indicated (myringotomy, tympanostomy with insertion of a ventilation tube, tympanostomy).

Essential drugs

There are contraindications. Specialist consultation is required.

  • Amoxicillin/clavulanate (antibacterial agent). Dosage regimen: orally, at a dose of 625 mg 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 5–7 days.
  • Azithromycin (antibacterial agent). Dosage regimen: orally, at a dose of 500 mg 1 time/day. The course of treatment is 3 days.
  • Chloropyramine (antihistamine). Dosage regimen: orally, during meals, at a dose of 25 mg 3-4 times a day.
  • Acetylcysteine ​​(a means for thinning exudate in the middle ear). Dosage regimen: orally, adults at a dose of 400–600 mg/day. for 2–3 doses.
  • Naphazoline (vasoconstrictor). Dosage regimen: 1-3 drops in each nasal passage 3-4 times a day.

Incidence (per person)

Symptoms

(how often does a symptom occur with this disease)

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Nonsuppurative otitis media

Non-suppurative otitis media (synonyms: secretory/exudative otitis media) is a non-inflammatory disease of the middle ear, the symptoms of which are accumulation of fluid in the tympanic cavity, hearing loss, absence of pain, preservation of the eardrum. This pathology is more common in preschool and school age, mainly in boys.

Symptoms of non-suppurative otitis media:

Increased awareness of your own voice.

Feeling of fluid in the ear.

The tympanic membrane is whitish-pink in color with a cyanotic tint, retracted, the vascular pattern is enhanced, the light cone is shortened, mobility is limited.

Hearing loss (whispering and spoken speech) of the conductive type.

Hearing examination using whispered and spoken speech.

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Nonsuppurative otitis media (H65)

Included: with myringitis

To specify a perforated eardrum, use the additional code (H72.-)

Acute and subacute secretory otitis media

Otitis media, acute and subacute:

  • allergic (mucosal) (hemorrhagic) (serous)
  • slimy
  • non-purulent NOS
  • hemorrhagic
  • serous-mucosal

Excluded:

  • otitis due to barotrauma (T70.0)
  • Otitis media (acute) NOS (H66.9)

Chronic tubotympanic catarrh

Chronic otitis media:

  • slimy
  • secretory
  • transudative

Excludes: adhesive middle ear disease (H74.1)

Chronic otitis media:

  • allergic
  • exudative
  • non-purulent NOS
  • serous-mucinous
  • with effusion (non-purulent)

Otitis media:

  • allergic
  • catarrhal
  • exudative
  • mucoid
  • secretory
  • serous-mucosal
  • serous
  • transudative
  • with effusion (non-purulent)

In Russia, the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) has been adopted as a single normative document for recording morbidity, reasons for the population's visits to medical institutions of all departments, and causes of death.

ICD-10 was introduced into healthcare practice throughout the Russian Federation in 1999 by order of the Russian Ministry of Health dated May 27, 1997. No. 170

The release of a new revision (ICD-11) is planned by WHO in 2017-2018 .

With changes and additions from WHO.

Processing and translation of changes © mkb-10.com

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Otitis media in adults: symptoms and treatment at home

Otitis media affecting the middle ear cavity is quite common in adults. Its symptoms and treatment depend on the type of inflammation. At home, you can only cope with the initial stage, but in any case it is recommended to consult a specialist to clarify the procedure for therapy. Otitis media is a direct risk of hearing loss, as well as the development of a host of other complications.

Symptoms, causes and risk factors

Otitis is an inflammation of the middle ear, which is accompanied by quite characteristic symptoms. It is impossible not to notice the development of this disease due to severe pain and discomfort. In adults, it occurs mainly due to hypothermia or due to another disease.

Otitis media is characterized by the following symptoms:

  • internal discomfort in the ear;
  • feeling of stuffiness;
  • headache in the temple area;
  • hearing impairment;
  • pain, often shooting in nature;
  • noise, ringing;
  • temperature;
  • hyperemia of soft tissues in the ear;
  • pain when pressing on the tragus;
  • feeling of internal pressure and fullness;
  • intoxication;
  • autophony;
  • the appearance of discharge.

Often otitis media is accompanied by a runny nose or infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract. It is these problems that can become provocateurs for the development of otitis media.

Non-suppurative otitis media may be accompanied by minor discharge without cloudy impurities. This is a serous exudate. As the disease progresses to the next stage, a purulent secretion appears, and if the membrane ruptures, there is a possibility of the presence of bloody clots in it.

The causes of ear inflammation in an adult and risk factors for the development of otitis may be as follows:

  • hypothermia;
  • bacterial infection;
  • infectious diseases, viruses;
  • general weakening of the immune system;
  • chronic runny nose, sinusitis;
  • pathologies of the nasopharynx;
  • ear injuries and surgical interventions.

The mechanism of development of the disease is that bacteria from the groups of pneumococci, streptococci, staphylococci, etc. enter the cavity of the middle ear. Initially, the mucous membrane of the Eustachian tube is damaged (tubo-otitis), which leads to disruption of its drainage and ventilation functions. As a result, exudate accumulates in the ear, which has a beneficial effect on the proliferation of pathogenic microflora. Damage to the mucous epithelium in the middle ear is otitis media.

If the symptoms of the disease manifest themselves in the form of a rash, redness of the skin, itching, and are also accompanied by a runny nose and increased lacrimation, it may be an allergic form. In this case, treatment at home using conventional medications will not have any effect. It is necessary to limit contact with a possible allergen and use antihistamines.

Consequences and complications

To prevent middle ear inflammation from leading to hearing loss and other complications, it is important to begin its treatment in a timely manner. Otherwise, the risks increase significantly.

Otitis media is fraught with some consequences, even with successful treatment. Such symptoms are called residual effects. A week or two after recovery, a person may notice congestion and other signs of the initial stage of the disease. In this case, there is no pain or other manifestations of the active phase of the pathology. Hearing will be fully restored once the swelling is eliminated.

As for deviations from the norm, if treatment is not sufficiently effective, non-suppurative otitis media can develop into a purulent stage. In the acute phase, the disease can be cured at home in a few weeks. If the cause cannot be eliminated, the situation will get worse. As a result, chronic purulent otitis may develop.

In adults, the chronic form of inflammation occurs in several stages. Initially, the epithelium is affected, that is, mesotympanitis occurs. The tympanic cavity fills with pus, which puts pressure on the eardrum and causes it to perforate. With perforation, pus flows into the external auditory canal, but some remains in the ear and provokes a recurrence of the disease. As the problem progresses, epimesotympanitis develops, extensive perforation of the membrane occurs and its destruction begins. In the stage of epitympanitis, bone tissue is affected.

As complications, diseases and pathologies may develop such as:

  • neoplasms - granulomas, cholesteatomas, cysts and polyps, as well as various tumors;
  • mastoiditis – inflammation of the porous temporal bone and its suppuration;
  • meningitis - inflammation of the lining of the brain;
  • encephalitis - damage to the brain.

When the elements of the middle ear are destroyed, conductive hearing loss develops. If the process moves to the inner ear and affects the labyrinth, the risks of sensorineural hearing loss, as well as pathologies of the vestibular apparatus, increase. This is especially dangerous in the presence of bilateral otitis, since the problem will affect both sides, and it will be much more difficult to cure.

Diagnostic and treatment methods

To avoid the development of complications in adults, which can affect not only the ear, but also other organs, it is necessary to immediately begin treatment for otitis media as soon as the first symptoms are noticed.

Diagnostics includes a number of examinations:

  • otoscopy;
  • microotoscopy;
  • audiometry;
  • tympanometry;
  • impedancemetry;
  • CT;
  • radiography;
  • MRI;
  • additional symptomatic tests.

For a full course of treatment, several areas of therapy are combined:

At home, traditional methods are relevant. Some of the recipes, for example, based on propolis or onions, can really help, but they must be used after clarifying the circumstances of the disease and consulting a doctor. In addition, most of these medications are only suitable for adults. For allergy sufferers, it is better to avoid traditional methods.

Warming up the ear is popular at home. This procedure is only permissible for some non-suppurative forms of otitis media. It is best to turn to physiotherapeutic procedures: UV irradiation, laser therapy, UHF, blue lamp. Pneumomassage, electrophoresis, phonophoresis and other procedures are also suitable for adults.

For otitis media, to eliminate the symptoms and cause of the disease, the main treatment is to take medications. The infection is eliminated with antibiotics and antibacterial drugs. Anti-inflammatory drugs are also used. They eliminate pain, reduce body temperature during heat, and stop inflammation. To restore patency of the Eustachian tube, vasoconstrictors are instilled into the nose. Allergic otitis media has a special treatment method. Here, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial medications are not able to fully solve the problem; antihistamines and antiallergic drugs are needed.

In the case of a purulent form of the disease, tympanocentesis is performed - a sample of fluid is taken from the middle ear to be analyzed for the type of bacteria that provoked inflammation. Based on the examination results, the most effective antibiotics are selected.

Since treating otitis media conservatively is not always effective, you may be prescribed surgery. First of all, it is worth mentioning a simple procedure - myringotomy, that is, paracentesis. For purulent otitis media, the eardrum is pierced to remove secretions. To prevent the hole from becoming overgrown and drainage of the cavity continues, a shunt is installed and the middle ear is sanitized. The attending physician rinses the ear with antibiotics using a catheter.

With the formation of suppurating areas of soft tissue and the development of chronic otitis media with damage to the auditory ossicles, surgery may be required to remove necrotic lesions and restore ear elements. The manipulations are completed with the restoration of the eardrum - myringoplasty. With natural perforation or paracentesis, the membrane heals on its own. In case of serious inflammation, the opening of the middle ear is most often performed behind the ear. Rehabilitation after such an operation takes longer.

In the future, it is necessary to undergo a preventive examination by an ENT specialist to avoid repeated episodes of the disease. This is especially true for people with chronic health problems.

Prevention and relapse prevention

To ensure that middle ear inflammation bothers you as little as possible, you should take care of strengthening your own health. As a preventive measure, it is necessary to focus on three main areas:

In the first time after antibiotic treatment, the quality of nutrition is of particular importance. During this period, the body is weakened, since the drugs destroyed not only pathogenic bacteria, but also beneficial microflora. To prevent dysbiosis, it is necessary to saturate the body with pro- and prebiotics, which are contained in fermented milk products. Beneficial microorganisms help form the body's defenses. To support an adult after an illness, you should take vitamins, namely fruits, vegetables, herbs, as well as multivitamin complexes.

Strengthening the body through hardening helps prevent otitis media. Not only rubdowns and contrast showers will be useful. It is also recommended to play sports in the fresh air, take sun and air baths. Anyone can afford such procedures at home.

To protect adults and children from the disease, it is important to exclude the maximum number of factors that cause symptoms of otitis media and provoke its further development. It is especially important to avoid hypothermia or infection after a recent episode of illness, since a person’s health is weakened during this period. Treat problems with the nose and throat in a timely manner, as they provoke the development of otitis media. By following these simple recommendations, you will reduce the risk of illness to a minimum.

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