Vasoconstrictor nasal drops names

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Nasal drops, names of drugs: vasoconstrictor, antibacterial, homeopathic, herbal medicine

Nasal drops are used for any colds in children and adults. You can get lost among the variety of medicinal drops.

Table of contents:

The patient does not always buy the drug after consulting a doctor. Most often, the choice of nasal drops depends on the advice of the pharmacist.

To choose drops for their intended purpose, you need to have information about the classification of drugs, composition and method of use.

Moisturizing drops

This group of nasal drops has the fewest restrictions on use. The moisturizing drops contain a solution of sea water. The medicine is intended to moisturize the mucous membrane and eliminate dry nasal passages. Drops are allowed to be used by children, pregnant women, nursing mothers, and newborns.

Moisturizing drops can be used daily to cleanse the nasal passages of infants from dry crusts and mucus accumulation. For adults, moisturizing solutions are useful in the following situations:

Children's nasal drops

  1. In production. For people whose profession involves chemicals, wood processing, or in dusty, stuffy rooms, it is advisable to use nasal drops in the nose to moisturize the nasal passages.
  2. In unheated rooms. When you have to work all day in the office with the air conditioner on, the nasal cavity becomes very dry.
  3. To eliminate the side effects of other drugs. Long-term use of hormonal and vasoconstrictor drops leads to drying out of the nasal passages.

Nasal moisturizing solutions work in combination with other medications for viral rhinitis. After treatment with saline solution, the drug penetrates better into the nasal cavity.

The most popular moisturizing drops are:

Such drops cope well with atrophic rhinitis. Most drops contain not only sea water, but also trace elements (magnesium, iron, calcium). The standard dosage is 2 drops in each nasal passage every 3-4 hours.

Saline solutions for moisturizing are available in the form of spray and drops. Sprays are contraindicated in children under 2 years of age due to the risk of developing spasms. An overdose of drops is also dangerous: excessive salt concentration causes severe swelling of the mucous membrane, so you should not overuse moisturizing solutions either.

Moisturizing drops are more used as an addition to the main drug and as a preventative measure.

Vasoconstrictor drugs

The most extensive group of funds. Indications for use: constriction of blood vessels in the nose to reduce swelling and facilitate nasal breathing. Depending on the active component, all vasoconstrictor nasal drops are divided:

  • based on phenylephrine: Nazol Kids and Nazol Baby. Such drops are most often prescribed to children under 2 years of age, since they are the safest and have a short-term effect on the nasal mucous membranes.
  • based on naphazoline: Naphthyzin, Sanorin. The drug lasts up to 4 hours
  • based on xylometazoline: Otrivin, Tizin Xylo, Rinostop, Galazolin, Xilen, Ximelin, Dlyanos. The drops have a therapeutic effect for up to 8 hours and are prescribed for children over 6 years of age and adults
  • based on oxymetazoline: Noxprey, Rinazolin, Nazol, Nazivin. The effect of the drugs lasts up to 12 hours

Vasoconstrictor drops are intended for symptomatic treatment; they do not destroy fungi, viruses or bacteria. Nasal drops perfectly relieve allergies. Drops are prescribed:

  1. To reduce swelling of the nasopharynx in the treatment of acute otitis media.
  2. For sinusitis, eustachitis.
  3. In the complex treatment of sinusitis.

Drops with a vasoconstrictor effect are not recommended for use by pregnant women, as they increase blood pressure and affect the vascular tone of the placenta.

The use of such drugs requires compliance with the following rules:

  1. The duration of treatment with vasoconstrictor drops is 7 days in adults, up to 5 days in children.
  2. It is advisable to instill nose drops at night or if there is complete absence of nasal breathing during the day.
  3. Dosage of nasal drops: 2 drops in each nostril no more than 4 times a day.
  4. For children, vasoconstrictor drops are selected according to age.

Side effects of nasal drops include: dry and itchy nose, lacrimation, headache. Vasoconstrictor drugs should be used with caution in patients with hypertension and tachycardia.

Frequent use of nasal drops with a vasoconstrictor effect leads to dependence on drugs and the development of chronic vasomotor rhinitis.

Herbal preparations

This group of drugs mainly consists of oil-based nasal drops. Herbal drops are considered a medicine because they have an anti-inflammatory effect. Essential oil drops are often used in the treatment of children and pregnant women due to their natural composition.

The most popular herbal nasal drops (names):

Oil-based drops

  1. Pinosol. The undisputed leader among plant drops. It contains eucalyptus and peppermint, pine oils, vitamin E and the substance thymol. Pinosol is approved for the treatment of children over 2 years of age, pregnant and lactating women with any type of rhinitis. Pinosol has few side effects, it restores the mucous membrane, and is not addictive.
  2. Eucasept. Herbal drops with anti-inflammatory properties, an analogue of Pinosol. Contains thymol, azulene, fir, mint and eucalyptus oils. Prescribed for children over 2 years of age and adults in the complex treatment of ethmoiditis, adenoiditis, and sinusitis.
  3. Sinusan. Oil-based drops of Japanese mint with antiseptic properties. Improves ventilation of the sinuses, relieves swelling, stimulates the secretion of mucus.
  4. Sinuforte. Intended for the treatment of acute and chronic sinusitis. The product contains: cyclamen juice. Produced in the form of a lyophilisate for subsequent production of a solution. Prohibited for children under 5 years of age and during pregnancy.
  5. Sinupret. Nasal drops with natural ingredients: sorrel leaves, elderberry, verbena, gentian root, primrose. Used in the treatment of rhinitis in patients of all ages. Has anti-inflammatory properties.

All oil drops with natural ingredients have a drawback: an allergic reaction often occurs to the ingredients of the drugs. Therefore, if you have a runny nose of an allergic nature, herbal drops are prohibited.

Homeopathic drops

Official medicine is skeptical about the effectiveness of homeopathic remedies. But there are many adherents of homeopathy, so you can also find nasal drops on the shelves of pharmacies.

Among the indisputable advantages of homeopathic drops:

  • safety in treating young children
  • herbal composition
  • no side effects

Experienced homeopaths say that for treatment to be effective, each patient needs to have an individual treatment regimen written down. The use of such drugs is recommended more for preventive purposes. In the treatment of sinusitis, viral or bacterial sinusitis, homeopathic drops will not only not help, but will also do harm: the infection will spread further.

The drugs are taken strictly according to the schedule; the course of treatment can range from 30 to 120 days. The effect of homeopathy is cumulative. Popular drops:

  • Delufen. Recommended for the treatment of chronic atrophic rhinitis, in the complex therapy of allergies, eliminates swelling and itching in the nose, moisturizes the mucous membrane.
  • Aflubin-Naze. Homeopathic nasal drops for adults. Contains mercury iodide, black mustard extract, meadow lumbago. Indicated for sinusitis, pharyngitis, hay fever. Approved for adults and children over 12 years of age.
  • Edas 131. Contains silver nitrate, onion and chamomile extract, sodium chloride. It is often prescribed to children for the prevention of ARVI in the autumn-spring period.
  • Euphorbium Compositum. Recommended for the treatment of runny nose in adults and children. At the onset of the disease, drops are used every 15 minutes for the first two hours.

Before using homeopathic drops, it is advisable to consult your doctor about traditional medicines.

Antiviral

The predominant number of antiviral drops are made on the basis of interferon: a protein that the body produces when fighting the virus. Such immunostimulating agents have a therapeutic effect at the very beginning of the disease (influenza or ARVI).

Doctors advise using immunomodulators no more than 2 times a year, so as not to disrupt your own protective function. Antiviral drops are useless in treating bacterial infections.

The most commonly purchased drops:

  1. Grippferon. The drops contain recombinant human interferon. Recommended for the treatment and prevention of respiratory infections. At an early stage, dosage of the drug: 3 drops 4-6 times a day. The duration of therapy is 5 days.
  2. Ingaron. Contains interferon gamma. Prepare immediately before use: pour water into the bottle with powder and shake thoroughly. Dosage - 3 drops 4 times a day for a week. Ingaron is contraindicated in children under 7 years of age and during pregnancy.
  3. Derinat. The active ingredient is sodium deoxyribonucleate. Drops are widely used to treat ENT diseases: flu, sinusitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis. Derinat cannot be used simultaneously with vasoconstrictor and other antiviral drops. Nasal drops are indicated for treatment during pregnancy, in the complex therapy of rhinitis in infants.
  4. Nazoferon. The main component is synthetic interferon. Recommended for the prevention of seasonal epidemics of influenza and ARVI, during hypothermia, for children who often suffer from colds. The age range of patients is unlimited: the drug is approved for use from birth.

Antiviral drops provide a therapeutic effect if taken on the first day of illness.

Antibiotics and antiseptics

The use of antibacterial nasal drops is advisable for a runny nose lasting longer than 5 days, sinusitis and otitis media. It is better to entrust the choice of local antibiotic to your doctor. Self-medication can lead to harmful consequences:

  • thinning of small vessels in the nose
  • risk of addiction
  • severe allergic reaction: swelling, burning
  • bleeding

Basically, antibacterial drops have a combined composition:

  1. Polydexa. Allowed for children over 3 years old. The composition includes 2 antibiotics (neomycin and polymyxin), the vasoconstrictor component phenylephrine and the antihistamine dexamethasone. Polydexa is prescribed for the treatment of acute sinusitis, as it destroys most pathogenic bacteria.
  2. Isofra. Contains the antibiotic framycetin. Effective against anaerobic bacteria.

In parallel with the prescription of local antibiotics, it is advisable to sanitize the nasal cavity with antiseptic drops. They are used before instilling an antibiotic to clear the nose of purulent discharge or before manipulation by a doctor.

Effective antiseptic nasal drops:

The treatment regimen for each rhinitis is individual. Doctors often combine drugs:

  1. Polydexa + Pinosol
  2. Aquamaris + Nazol + Isofra
  3. Vibrocil + Sanorin

Such treatment is monitored and adjusted by a doctor. The course usually lasts from 7 to 10 days. Nasal drops are instilled at intervals of 40 minutes.

It is worth highlighting hormonal and antihistamine nasal drops separately. However, it is better to entrust their choice to a doctor, since the reasons for prescribing such drugs must be justified by the patient’s diagnosis.

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Attention, burning OFFER!

What nasal drops do you use? Are you buying expensive or not so expensive? It just seems to me that they are all the same, only some are advertised, while others are not so much.

Ulyana, the cost also depends on the manufacturer. If the drug is Russian, then of course the price will be significantly lower. I use Xylene drops very well, it’s an absolutely inexpensive drug, but it helps me better than others, which cost several times more. I’ve already tried everything a hundred times, so I don’t experiment anymore and waste my money.

Why use drops to treat a runny nose when there is a good ointment called evamenol. Personally, I only use it when I have a runny nose. And the composition is safe and can be used for at least 10 days.

And I always buy Rynazolin. You can give it to kids too, it helps a lot. True, there are possible side effects, but we didn’t have any.

The article contains a lot of useful information that you need to take note, but regarding antiseptic drops, I advise you not to waste money, but drip 3 drops of hydrogen peroxide per 100 grams of boiled but warm water into the nose 3 times, a couple of drops each, for prevention and once enough.

If your nose is not very stuffy, you can rinse it with regular salt water. You can buy it at the pharmacy, or you can make it at home, the main thing is that the water is purified and all proportions are met.

I don’t use drops, they are addictive. For a runny nose, dosed spray Morenasal helps a lot. Effectively cleans and moisturizes the nasal mucosa.

We regularly buy Naphthyzin for a runny nose, and for allergies I once took Zvezdochka drops - they helped. We do not ignore rinsing the nose with salt water - the method is quite effective.

But I use morenasal spray with chamomile. I also recently caught a cold, started treatment and tried this spray. Perfectly clears a stuffy nose and relieves swelling. Even the cold went away faster with him.

I have recently abandoned all these folk methods and “grandmother’s” remedies and use only modern medications, mainly sprays. Rarely drops. And I advise you.

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Nasal drops: with all the wealth of choice.

When we come to a pharmacy and ask to recommend nasal drops, we often have no idea what a dead end this task puts the pharmacist in. The range of local drugs for intranasal administration—that’s what nasal drops are called in pharmacology—has dozens of items. Let's put them in their place.

>> The site presents an extensive selection of medications for the treatment of sinusitis and other nasal diseases. Enjoy it for your health! <

The most popular are vasoconstrictors

And the most numerous group of nasal drops are alpha-adrenergic agonists, or vasoconstrictors. Already from the name of the group it is clear that they constrict blood vessels, and for the most part - vessels located in the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity. Due to their expansion, which occurs against the background of an inflammatory process caused by viruses, bacteria or an allergic reaction, swelling and hyperemia of the mucous membrane appears. Its consequence is partial or complete disruption of nasal breathing, but this is only one, noticeable and inconvenient consequence of edema.

But vasodilation is not only fraught with additional suffering. The swollen mucosa does not allow nasal mucus to freely leave the nasal cavity, but during an infectious process its volume increases significantly. Moreover, as a result of hyperemia, the lumen of the opening connecting the nasal cavity and the maxillary sinuses narrows. As a result, drainage from the sinuses becomes much worse, and in severe cases, the mucus becomes completely blocked. This is how one of the serious complications of rhinitis, which seems innocent at first glance, develops - sinusitis.

Vasoconstrictor nasal drops act immediately on all parts of this pathological process. By quickly and effectively reducing the lumen of blood vessels, they reduce swelling of the nasal mucosa and solve several problems at once:

  • restore breathing;
  • improve the removal of mucus from the nasal cavity;
  • improve drainage from the maxillary sinuses.

In addition, stimulating the removal of nasal secretions reduces the severity of the inflammatory process: after all, viruses and bacteria multiply well in stagnant nasal mucus.

Vasoconstrictor nasal drops - a list of “heroes” by name

Often, a potential consumer of nasal drops is interested in the question: which vasoconstrictors are best to use? And there really is something to think about. So, we present a list of drops for nasal congestion.

The most famous and most “aged” drug, Naphthyzin, containing naphazoline, has indeed almost outlived its usefulness.

Naphthyzin irritates the nasal mucosa and dehydrates it, and besides, it acts for no more than 2-3 hours. Therefore, despite the very low price of Naphthyzin, it is still better to forget about its existence.

The next in the series of alpha-adrenergic agonists is xylometazoline, which is contained, for example, in Galazolin and analogues: Otrivin, Xylene, Sanorin-Xylo, Dlynos, Rinonorma and other nasal drops. It is softer than Naphthyzin and acts for 4-5 hours. However, xylometazoline is not ideal.

Oxymetazoline is considered one of the modern vasoconstrictor nasal drops that combines effectiveness with reasonable cost. It is contained in the drugs Nazivin, Afrin, Nazol and others. All of them are approved for use by children from birth. Oxymetazoline does not damage the mucous membrane, quickly and permanently constricts blood vessels and facilitates breathing and mucus removal.

Standing apart from the list of vasoconstrictor drops for nasal congestion for adults and children is the oil-based drug Vibrocil. It contains the adrenergic agonist phenylephrine and the antiallergic component dimethindene. Phenylephrine constricts blood vessels somewhat weaker than other drugs in this group, but its effect is enhanced by the second substance, dimethindene. Vibrocil can also be used by newborns, but it should be borne in mind that it makes breathing easier than, for example, oxymetazoline.

Hidden danger: rhinitis medicamentosa

And one last thing. When buying vasoconstrictor drops, do not forget that they can cause persistent dependence, which doctors call withdrawal syndrome, or medicinal rhinitis. After only 7-10 days of constant use of these drugs, the mucous membrane begins to change, and you automatically turn from a patient into a victim. In addition, a situation may arise when, with a stuffy nose, drops simply will no longer help. How to get rid of addiction?

First of all, it is necessary to forget at least for a while about the existence of vasoconstrictors. If you are so used to them that free breathing has become impossible, intranasal corticosteroids help. These include, for example, Beconase, Nasobek, and Nasonex is considered the most effective remedy in this group.

And in order to prevent such an unpleasant scenario, it is important to never forget a simple rule:

All vasoconstrictor nasal drops should not be used for more than a week.

Safe: nasal drops with sea water

The next group of drugs that we will consider are nasal drops with sea water or sodium chloride. Their huge advantage is safety: it is as high as possible. Saline solutions cannot be overdosed, you cannot overdo it with them, you cannot “drip” them.

Nasal drops with saline solutions are used for any diseases of the nasal cavity, which are accompanied by dry mucous membranes or a runny nose in adults and children. For allergic rhinitis, nasal drops with saline solutions are also indispensable: they wash away allergens conveniently located on the mucous membrane, thereby reducing the severity and severity of the allergic reaction.

In addition, saline solutions are also used for hygienic purposes, for example, to care for the nasal cavity of newborn children. At the same time, we must not forget that sprays are not recommended for children under 1 year of age, since too much pressure of the medicinal solution can provoke bronchospasm. But drops with saline solutions are an ideal means of washing and clearing crusts and mucus from small noses.

The universal concentration of saline solutions is considered isotonic, 0.9%. Hypotonic solutions containing less than 0.9% sodium chloride are sometimes prescribed for children under one year of age, and hypertonic nasal drops are indicated for purulent discharge. Due to the difference in osmotic pressure, which is created when instilling sodium chloride with a concentration above 0.9%, the discharge of thick, purulent mucus is facilitated.

Saline solutions “in faces”

Pharmacies sell a lot of nasal products containing saline solutions. Most of them contain sea water. Unlike a banal sodium chloride solution, these preparations contain a whole complex of microelements, which has a beneficial effect on the nasal mucosa.

The most popular nasal drops with sea water include Sialor Aqua and Marimer. A solution of sodium chloride in drops can be bought under the name Physiomer.

Recently, the pharmaceutical industry has begun to produce combination drugs containing a vasoconstrictor component and seawater as a solvent. Such nasal drops include Snoop, an inexpensive German drug from the Stada company, which contains xylometazoline.

It cannot be said that such combinations have any tangible advantage over standard vasoconstrictors, where the solvent is purified water. After all, you can use the same Snoop only in strict accordance with the recommended dosages, that is, 2-3 drops 3 times a day for no more than a week. With such treatment, it is almost impossible to moisten the mucous membrane, much less rinse it. Therefore, advertising slogans that praise the benefits of vasoconstrictor drugs containing sea water should not be taken to heart. And, of course, you should remember that using such combination drugs for more than seven days is strictly prohibited.

Immunomodulator nasal drops: what the instructions won’t tell you?

Immune defense allows the body to resist the onslaught of a viral, bacterial or fungal infection. However, the immune system often fails to fully cope with this important task. Most often, young children, the elderly, or those taking immunosuppressants (for example, cancer patients) are affected by pathogenic pathogens. The group of immunomodulatory drugs that are often used to prevent viral infections also includes nasal drops.

Interferons

Local remedies with interferon have been known since Soviet times.

Interferon is a protein that is produced by the body in response to a viral infection. Through complex reactions, interferons stop the reproduction of viruses.

The body synthesizes three types of interferons: alpha, beta and gamma, and they all play an important role in the formation of the immune response.

Since the second half of the last century, pharmacists have been able to establish the production of interferon preparations, which to some extent replace their own proteins. Interferons of the alpha-2b class, effective against various viral infections, have gained particular popularity. And if nasal drops with interferon help to recover faster from ARVI, including very young children, then intravenous solutions are sometimes the only effective means of combating viral hepatitis C.

But let's get back to the drops. For a long time, interferon preparations for intranasal use were produced in the form of a powder, from which a solution was prepared before use. This “inconvenient” form of release was forced: pharmacists could not find an auxiliary component that would ensure the stability of an aqueous solution of interferon. Today this problem has been solved, and there are several ready-made nasal drops with interferon on the market.

Among intranasal interferon preparations, the most common are Grippferon. They are used for the prevention and treatment of viral infections: ARVI and influenza. It is noteworthy that the maximum effectiveness of drops with interferon for colds or flu is observed in the first 48 hours after the onset of symptoms. The later you begin to drip interferon-containing drugs, the lower their effectiveness.

Pharmacies also sell another product from which nasal drops with interferon are prepared - Ingaron. It is available in powder form for preparing a solution. Ingaron, unlike Grippferon, contains interferon gamma and therefore is not used for common respiratory infections or flu. These drops are intended for the treatment of the most serious viral diseases, including viral hepatitis B, C, HIV infection, and genital herpes. In addition, Ingaron is used to increase the immune response in pulmonary tuberculosis, cancer, chlamydia and other severe pathologies.

Derinat

Derinat contains sodium deoxyribonucleate, which can have an immunomodulatory effect, as well as accelerate the regeneration and repair of damaged areas. Instructions for use of the drug Derinat claim that these nasal drops for children and adults help increase the body's defenses and restore damaged nasal mucosa.

Antibacterial nasal drops: general information

The point of application of antibacterial nasal drops is infectious inflammatory processes in the paranasal sinuses (sinusitis) and nasal mucosa (rhinitis), associated with opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria. Most often, the infection develops due to infection with staphylococci, moraxella and hemophilus influenzae, but other pathogens cannot be excluded.

It should be remembered that in most cases, a common runny nose and even frightening sinusitis (usually in the initial stages) develop as a result of a viral infection. That is why both pediatric ENT doctors and pediatricians, including the famous children's doctor Evgeniy Komarovsky, strongly do not recommend using nasal drops with antibiotics for rhinitis.

By the way, there are no effective medications against respiratory viruses that cause viral rhinitis and sinusitis. And when faced with a runny nose, there is no need to look for antiviral nasal drops. The only effective method of treatment in such cases is complete moisturizing and rinsing of the nose (using sea water preparations).

In a small percentage of cases, a viral infection is complicated by a bacterial one, and then antibiotics or antiseptics that are active against bacteria are required. Let's take a closer look at antibacterial drops for topical use.

List of antibacterial local drugs

Isofra

The drug Isofra received its name from the broad-spectrum antibiotic framycetin, which is included in their composition. Direct indications for its use are acute chronic bacterial rhinitis and sinusitis (including sinusitis). The course of treatment should not exceed 10 days, otherwise there is a possibility of disruption of the microflora composition.

Polydexa with phenylephrine

This drug cannot be called exclusively antibacterial. Along with the antibiotics neomycin and polymyxin, it contains the glucocorticosteroid dexamethasone, as well as the vasoconstrictor component phenylephrine. Due to the content of the hormonal agent (dexamethasone), Polydex with phenylephrine has a pronounced anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effect, and the alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine additionally constricts blood vessels and eliminates swelling of the mucous membrane. Polydex nasal drops can be used in children over 2.5 years of age and adults for bacterial diseases of the nasopharynx and paranasal sinuses. The average course of treatment is 5–10 days.

Dioxidine

The well-known and very economical antiseptic Dioxidin has been used in ENT practice for decades. During this time, he secured the reputation of a fairly effective, but not safe enough drug. Dioxidin has a bactericidal effect against various bacteria, including staphylococci and streptococci. However, studies have proven that it has a teratogenic (damaging to the fetus) and mutagenic (provoking genetic mutations) effect. In addition, nasal drops with Dioxidin are prohibited for use by pregnant women and children under 18 years of age.

Protargol

Silver preparations, which include Protargol, are safer than Dioxidin. Protargol drops can be used to treat bacterial rhinitis in children, including the youngest, but it is better to do this with the permission of the attending physician.

Complex nasal drops with antibiotics

Along with ready-made medications, ENT doctors often prescribe so-called complex nasal drops for children and adults, which can be prepared independently at home.

Recipes for complex nasal drops can be different, but an indispensable component in their composition is an antibiotic. Most often, it is 2nd or 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotics, in particular cefuroxime or ceftriaxone. The spectrum of action of the latter drug is somewhat wider: it is active against a larger number of gram-positive microorganisms.

Along with antibiotics, complex drops may include:

  • glucocorticosteroids: dexamethasone or hydrocortisone acetate;
  • antiseptics: sodium sulfacyl and/or dioxidine;
  • vasoconstrictor components: xylometazoline or oxymetazoline in low, pediatric concentration (0.05%).

Usually the ratio of all ingredients is 1:1, for example, the volume of each component is 1 ml. When making complex drops, it is best to add 1 ml of xylometazoline (or other vasoconstrictor component) to a bottle of antibiotic (1g), then add Dioxidine solution, shake well, and then move on to the rest of the ingredients.

What nasal drops can be used by pregnant women?

And finally, let’s pay attention to one of the most vulnerable categories of patients - expectant mothers. They are often overcome by viral and bacterial infections, as well as hormonal rhinitis, which is accompanied by dry nasal mucosa, crusting and breathing problems.

So, what drops can be used to treat the nose of pregnant women? Unfortunately, the list is small. Safe drugs include only saline solutions; however, other drugs are best postponed until the postpartum period. And no matter how difficult and unpleasant it is to endure a runny nose and congestion, for the sake of a high goal it is still worth being patient.

Source: http://gaimoriti.ru/medicamenty/kapli-v-nos.html

Vasoconstrictor drugs: nasal drops. Tools Overview

Vasoconstrictors are popular over-the-counter medications used to relieve swelling of the nasal mucosa, that is, the so-called nasal congestion.

But their range is so extensive that, without special knowledge, it is easy to get confused. Is it always possible to use them and which ones should be chosen in different situations?

Indications for use

Basically, medications of this kind are used when the nose cannot breathe, which is typical for:

Acute rhinitis of a viral or bacterial nature. Most so-called colds begin with viral rhinitis. They are characterized by the formation of a transparent liquid secretion and slight nasal congestion. Bacterial rhinitis often becomes a complication of acute respiratory viral infections and is manifested by the discharge of green or yellow snot and severe congestion. Chronic rhinitis. This disease can cause a lot of trouble for patients, since it tends to worsen regularly. This often results from neglect of colds, working in dusty rooms, etc. Sinusitis: sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, ethmoiditis. Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses is often accompanied by fever, headaches, yellow-green secretion and swelling of the nasal mucosa. Sinusitis is quite dangerous and in severe cases can cause the death of the patient. Allergic rhinitis. This disease develops as a result of increased sensitivity of the body to certain substances contained in the air. Their role can be tree pollen, components of household chemicals, animal hair, fish food and even commonplace dust. Its main manifestations are nasal congestion, sneezing and runny nose. However, today many experts recommend avoiding the use of such medications for allergies.

But nasal deconstrictors are also used in a number of other cases, including:

  • complex therapy of otitis media;
  • before performing an endoscopic examination of the nasal passages, that is, rhinoscopy;
  • stopping bleeding.

Such an extensive list of indications is due to the fact that these drugs belong to the group of α-adrenergic agonists. Capillary receptors are susceptible to them, which, in response to stimulation, provoke contraction of the thinnest muscle fibers that form the walls of blood vessels.

The consequence of this is a reduction in their lumen, due to which much less fluid sweats from the blood into the tissue of the mucous membrane, which means its swelling decreases and nasal breathing resumes.

In other words, substances of this pharmacological group fight well against the manifestations of pathologies, but in no way affect the cause of their appearance.

What types of vasoconstrictor drugs are there? Groups

In general, all nasal preparations of α-adrenergic agonists can be divided into 3 large groups, differing in the duration of the effect:

  1. Short action. Medicines in this group eliminate swelling for only 4, maximum 6 hours. Its representatives are medications based on naphazoline and phenylephrine.
  2. Medium duration. The effect of using medications lasts 6–10 hours. These include products based on xylometazoline and tramazoline. By the way, they are usually recommended for allergy sufferers to choose.
  3. Long-term exposure. Medications based on oxymetazoline constrict blood vessels for more than 10 hours.

Naphazoline

Naphazoline derivatives include:

These drugs act for no more than 4 hours, so to improve the condition the patient is forced to resort to their help 4 or more times a day, which causes rapid addiction to them.

In addition, naphazoline derivatives have pronounced side effects, including drying out the mucous membranes, which leads to severe discomfort, itching, etc. Therefore, today they are prescribed less and less, although they are still popular due to their low price.

Xylometazoline

Xylometazoline derivatives are Galazolin, Brizolin, Ximetin, Tizin Xylo, Otrivin, Dlynos, Xilen, Grippostad-rino, Nazik, Xylo-Mefa, Evkazolin, Farmazolin and others.

They work for 6–8 hours, and the result after instillation appears almost instantly. Therefore, quite often you can find combination drugs for the treatment of ENT diseases containing xylometazoline.

These can be not only ordinary drops and sprays, but also special nasal gels.

Xylometazoline is highly effective and much less addictive than others. Therefore, if necessary and with the permission of the doctor, it can be taken for two weeks. It should be used no more than 2-3 times a day.

Oxymetazoline

Oxymetazoline derivatives are:

Their duration of action ranges from 8 to 12 hours, so they should be used rarely, which reduces the risk of addiction and unwanted consequences. Moreover, most drops for children are made on the basis of oxymetazoline.

Oxymetazoline is characterized by rapidity and duration of action, so it cannot be used for more than 3 days or more than 3 times a day.

Tramazolin

Medicines based on tramazolin work for 8–10 hours, and the effect develops literally 5 minutes after administration. These include:

Phenylephrine

Phenylephrine derivatives are highly safe, and therefore they are recommended for use in pediatrics. This:

  • Nazol Baby;
  • Polydex;
  • Adrianol;
  • Vibrocil;
  • Mezaton (available in the form of an injection solution and is used to prepare complex drops together with Dioxidine and Hydrocortisone).

Nazivin

The line of drugs Nazivin is quite extensive. They are available in three dosages of oxymetazoline, so you can choose a medicine with this trade name for each family member, including newborns.

  1. 0.05% - for adults and children over 6 years old;
  2. 0.025% - for children from 1 to 6 years;
  3. 0.01% - for infants.

Naphthyzin

This drug is one of the very first vasoconstrictor drops invented. Therefore, it is not surprising that it is the most common, but at the same time the most unsafe.

It is the use of Naphthyzin more often than other drops that leads to the development of side effects, especially dry mucous membranes, and addiction, because its effect does not last long, which often provokes exceeding the recommended number of uses.

How long can vasoconstrictor drops be used?

You can use medications of this kind without a doctor’s prescription for no longer than 7 days, since longer use can lead to a number of side effects:

  • irritation and dryness of the mucous membrane;
  • the appearance of a feeling of tingling and burning;
  • nosebleeds;
  • tachycardia and increased blood pressure;
  • headaches and dizziness, etc.

But the most dangerous consequence of prolonged uncontrolled use of local α-adrenergic agonists is considered to be the occurrence of addiction to them, since the receptors cease to independently control vascular tone.

The consequence of this is chronic edema, which is eliminated only under the influence of ever-increasing doses of pharmaceuticals. In such situations, vasomotor or medicinal rhinitis is diagnosed.

The disease is difficult to treat, and sometimes it can only be dealt with by cauterizing the mucous membrane in one way or another, for example, with a laser or argon plasma.

However, there are situations when taking the medication for a longer period of time is required. This is often necessary for sinusitis or allergic rhinitis. But instilling vasoconstrictor drops into the nose for more than a week is only possible with permission and under the strict supervision of an otolaryngologist.

Vasoconstrictors for sinusitis

Almost all ENT doctors, when treating sinusitis, prescribe vasoconstrictors to be instilled into their patients’ noses. This is necessary because the swelling interferes with the already impaired outflow of contents from the maxillary sinuses.

Therefore, if it is not eliminated in time, sinusitis will progress, the intensity of symptoms, especially headaches and a feeling of fullness, will increase, and over time the disease will become chronic.

In principle, any drops or sprays can be prescribed, but it is still better to give preference to combination medications containing an antibiotic, for example, Polydex. But you cannot self-medicate if you have sinusitis, as this will easily cause the condition to worsen.

Some features of use

To clear the nose, most doctors recommend drips of vasoconstrictors after clearing it of mucus if there is a runny nose.

This is best done using saline solutions. They can be prepared at home from ordinary salt and water or bought ready-made at the pharmacy:

They are made on the basis of sea water and allow you to effectively clear your nose of accumulated snot, including dried ones.

But with sinusitis and other types of sinusitis the situation is the opposite. In such cases, on the contrary, it is recommended to first instill vasoconstrictor drops, and then rinse, so that during the procedure the affected sinuses are cleared of purulent contents.

Vasoconstrictor drugs for children

No child can grow up without encountering a runny nose several dozen times, so special children's nasal drops have been developed, with their own dosage for each age category.

Children under one year of age are mainly prescribed drugs based on phenylephrine and tramazoline, although oxymetazoline can also be used. This:

Sprays are allowed to be used to treat children from one year old! Until this age is reached, only drops can be used.

Children from 2 to 6 years old can be instilled:

A child over 6 years old can already be treated with most pharmaceuticals with adult dosages, with some exceptions.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding. What can you put in?

The annotations for most medications indicate that they are not recommended for use during pregnancy and lactation, since special studies of their safety have not been conducted.

In addition, it is known that α-agonists can lead to a narrowing of the blood vessels of the placenta, which will adversely affect the nutrition of the fetus.

However, nasal congestion during a runny nose can negatively affect the condition of the embryo and lead to the development of hypoxia (oxygen deficiency).

Therefore, doctors often prescribe medications to expectant mothers to eliminate swelling of the nasal mucosa. Here is a list of those approved for use by pregnant women.

But at the same time, it is worth choosing children’s forms with a reduced concentration of the active substance, and also minimizing the number of injections.

However, you should only start taking this or that medication with your doctor’s permission. It is better to give preference to more natural remedies, such as inhalations, nasal rinses, and homeopathy.

As for nursing mothers, they can combat congestion with medications containing oxymetazoline or phenylephrine. But you should choose the minimum dosage, and start treatment only after consulting a doctor.

Vasoconstrictor folk remedies

Inhalations with essential oils. Tea tree, eucalyptus, cedar, and fir oils are perfect for manipulation. To carry it out, you can use a household inhaler, or, in the absence of one, an ordinary pan with boiling water and a towel to cover your head.

But when treating children, you should be careful so that the baby does not accidentally spill hot liquid on himself. For one procedure, it is enough to drop only a couple of drops of the selected oil or a mixture of them into boiling water.

Contraindications to the use of nasal drops

α-adrenergic agonists should not be taken if:

  • individual intolerance to components;
  • use of MAO inhibitors (Iproniazid, Isocarboxazid, Phenelzine, Moclobemide, Selegiline, Befol, etc.) and tricyclic antidepressants (Amitriptyline, Imipramine, Nortriptyline, Fluoracisine, etc.);
  • rehabilitation after surgical interventions on the brain or its membranes.

Medicines in this group are used with great caution for:

  • hypertension and arrhythmias;
  • diabetes mellitus and hyperthyroidism;
  • closed-angle form of glaucoma;
  • advanced atherosclerosis;
  • atrophic rhinitis.

Thus, vasoconstrictor drugs are mainly an emergency treatment for acute respiratory infections, allergies, sinusitis, etc.

Also, consultation with a specialist is required if a runny nose, despite all efforts, does not go away within 2 weeks.

Vasoconstrictor drugs for the nose: prices

Why are vasoconstrictor nasal sprays dangerous?

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Specialty: Otorhinolaryngologist Work experience: 12 years

Specialty: Otorhinolaryngologist Work experience: 8 years

Source: http://nasmorkam.net/sosudosuzhivajushhie-preparaty-i-sredstva-dlja-nosa/

Nasal drops: classification, names, use for various diseases

There is probably not a person who has never used nasal drops in his life. They are so familiar in our medicine cabinet that we no longer perceive this remedy as a medicine. The hand reaches out to the treasured bottle at the first sign of a runny nose or nasal congestion.

It’s clear that you don’t want to run to the clinic with a mild cold, but you want to quickly get rid of the “squelching” that has so inopportunely overtaken you, because you have to go to work tomorrow and need to be in shape. We go to the pharmacy and ask “the best nasal drops.”

But what do we know about such a common remedy? Why are there so many different names for cold drops in pharmacies? Why do doctors prescribe different drugs to different patients? For what diseases, besides the common cold, are nasal drops used? Can nasal drops cause harm? Any more or less educated person should know the answers to these questions in order to help themselves and their loved ones avoid the consequences of improper use of nasal drops.

What types of nasal drops are there?

Nasal drops are a dosage form. These include drugs and paramedicines with different mechanisms of action. Nasal drops are used for rhinitis (infectious, vasomotor, allergic), rhinosinusitis, otitis, adenoiditis, to prevent ARVI and increase immunity, moisturizing the nasal mucosa. All drops and sprays used intranasally (directly into the nose) can be divided into the following groups:

  • Vasoconstrictor drops.
  • Saline solutions.
  • Antiseptics.
  • Nasal drops with antibiotics.
  • Immunostimulants.
  • Antiallergic drops and sprays.
  • Herbal medicines.
  • Complex drops.
  • Homeopathic drops.

Ideally, any treatment, even a common runny nose, should be prescribed by a doctor. But in reality this is not always feasible. You can start using some drugs on your own, but not more than 3-5 days.

Vasoconstrictor nasal drops

This is the most common and popular group of remedies for the common cold. Another name for them is decongestants. The main effect of these drugs is their effect on the α-receptors of the vessels of the nasal mucosa. Due to the stimulation of these receptors, vasoconstriction occurs, swelling decreases, and mucus formation decreases. Nasal congestion decreases, nasal breathing is restored. In fact, we do not treat a runny nose with these remedies; we only dry out the mucous membrane to make our life easier.

There are several dozen names for vasoconstrictor nasal drops and sprays. But the main components are represented mainly by 4 types:

  1. Naphazolin (trade names - Naphthyzin, Sanorin). These are short-acting drugs (up to 4 hours).
  2. Xylometazoline (Galazolin, Otrivin, Rinorus, Dlynos, Rinostop). The effect of xylometazoline lasts up to 10 hours.
  3. Oxymetazoline (Nazol, Nazivin, Fervex spray for the common cold). The longest-acting drugs are up to 12 hours.
  4. Phenylephrine (part of Vibrocil, children's nasal drops Nazol Baby (for children under 2 years old), Nazol Kids (for children over 2 years old). The effect of phenylephrine is short-lived and the effect is less pronounced than that of the three above-mentioned substances. However, it is much safer and approved for use by children.

Vasoconstrictor drops can be used without a doctor’s prescription for no more than 3-5 days. If congestion does not go away during this time, you should consult a doctor for examination. Why should you not abuse drugs from this group? The main side effect of vasoconstrictor drops is the dependence that occurs with their long-term use. Vascular receptors stop responding to the usual dose of medication, and drops are used more and more often to relieve symptoms. As a result of uncontrolled use of these drugs, vasomotor rhinitis can develop, which is very difficult to treat.

To avoid such dependence, it is important to follow the following rules:

  • Use vasoconstrictor drops only when the nose is not breathing at all. Only possible for the night. Remember! Drops do not cure, but only relieve symptoms.
  • Use other means between regular doses or instead of them (rinsing the nose with saline solution, inhaling with essential oils, instilling oil drops, for example, peach oil).
  • Do not use drops from this group for longer than the recommended period. Replacing some vasoconstrictor drugs with others (for example, “Dlyanos” with “Nazol” does not avoid the development of addiction).

For some diseases, you cannot do without vasoconstrictor drops. For sinusitis, other sinusitis, acute otitis media, eustachitis, these drugs are used to reduce swelling of the anastomosis of the paranasal sinuses and auditory tube, which helps to improve the outflow of inflammatory secretions and better penetration of antibacterial drugs into the site of inflammation. It must be remembered that this type of nasal drops is contraindicated during pregnancy.

Video: vasoconstrictor nasal drops, Dr. Komarovsky

Saline solutions

Saline solutions for rinsing the nose, offered in pharmacies (Aquamaris, Aqua-ENT, Physiomer, etc.), are nothing more than sterilized sea water, with a salt concentration close to the composition of blood - an isotonic solution. A solution of this concentration allows you to maintain the normal physiological state of the nasal mucosa, moisturizes it, and cleanses it of mucus, germs, dust, and allergens.

Saline solutions have virtually no contraindications; they can be used even by newborn children and pregnant women.

An expensive pharmacy solution can be replaced with regular saline or you can prepare a solution at home by dissolving 1 teaspoon of sea or regular table salt in 2 glasses of water.

Rinsing the nasal cavity with saline solutions is carried out for colds, rhinitis, sinusitis, and adenoiditis in a child. Such irrigation has a good effect for the prevention of ARVI during the cold season and the prevention of allergic rhinitis during the period of expected exacerbation, flowering of plants that cause allergies.

Antiseptic solutions

An antiseptic is a substance that, upon direct contact with the skin or mucous membranes, causes the death of infectious agents. Therefore, the use of nasal drops with an antiseptic is a therapeutic measure, not a symptomatic one. An antiseptic is prescribed both for self-use in patients with purulent nasal discharge, and for rinsing the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses during medical procedures.

The most famous antiseptics:

  1. Protargol and collargol. These are the oldest but still used antiseptic drugs. They contain silver ions and, in addition to their bactericidal effect, also have an astringent and anti-inflammatory effect. They are prescribed mainly to children, as they have fewer contraindications compared to other antibacterial agents.
  2. Dioxidine.
  3. Miramistin.
  4. Octenisept.

Nasal drops with antibiotics

Antibiotic nasal drops are prescribed for the treatment of prolonged rhinitis (lasting more than 5 days), bacterial rhinitis (with purulent discharge), sinusitis, acute otitis media, and adenoiditis in children. You should not delay starting the use of local antibiotics, since their timely administration often allows you to save yourself from the need for systemic antibiotic therapy.

The most well-known antibiotic for topical use for diseases of the upper respiratory tract is Bioparox. This is an aerosol whose main active ingredient is fusafungine. This drug is active against most bacteria, most often causing inflammation of the nose, pharynx, larynx, as well as against fungi of the genus Candida. Inhalations are carried out both through the mouth and through the nose.

Isofra - drops or spray containing the antibiotic framycetin (from the group of aminoglycosides).

2 antibiotics, neomycin and polymyxin B, contains Polydex nasal spray. It also contains the vasoconstrictor component phenylephrine and the hormone dexamethasone. Such a complex composition provides a comprehensive antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and decongestant effect of this drug.

Sometimes doctors prescribe antibacterial drops into the nose, which are produced exclusively as eye drops. These are, for example, Albucid, Tsiprolet, chloramphenicol drops. Do not be afraid of such prescriptions, this is an antibiotic solution, and its effect is the same everywhere.

Immunomodulatory drops

Immunomodulatory nasal drops are used to stimulate local and general immunity. These medications are prescribed not only for treatment, but also for the prevention of acute respiratory diseases, as well as exacerbation of chronic diseases of the nasopharynx.

Immunostimulating drugs should include, first of all, interferon drugs. They are also called antiviral, since they inhibit the reproduction of viruses, but their main effect is to increase antiviral immunity. This is a human leukocyte interferon for intranasal use. It is available in powder in ampoules; before use, it must be diluted with water and the resulting solution must be used immediately. Place 5 drops in each nasal passage. The earlier treatment is started, the more pronounced the effect. From the first days of influenza or ARVI, the frequency of instillation is every 2 hours.

The drug of recombinant interferon (genetically engineered, not obtained from donor blood) is Grippferon. It is considered safer and more convenient to use, since it comes in a ready-made solution and can be stored for up to 30 days after opening.

Derinat is an immunomodulator used in the complex treatment of many acute and chronic diseases. Increases the body's resistance to viruses, bacteria, fungi. Derinat nasal drops are prescribed for both treatment and prevention of various inflammatory diseases of the nose and pharynx.

IRS-19 is a mixture of lysates (residues) of various bacteria, in response to the introduction of which protective antibodies are produced.

Antiallergic drops and sprays

With allergic rhinitis, inflammation of the nasal mucosa also develops with the development of edema and the release of copious mucus. However, the nature of this inflammation is somewhat different. Treatment of allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis is usually long-term, so ordinary vasoconstrictor drops are not suitable here.

Nasal drops for allergies can be divided into 2 large groups - non-hormonal and hormonal.

Non-hormonal drops and sprays: these are antihistamines Allergodil, Histimet (eye drops, but also prescribed in the nose), and mast cell membrane stabilizers, Ifiral drops, Cromoglin, Cromohexal, Kromosol sprays.

For severe allergic rhinitis, hormonal drugs are prescribed - Aldecin, Beconase, Flixonase, Nasonex, Nasobek. They are available in the form of sprays, have virtually no systemic effect (not absorbed into the blood) and are suitable for long-term use (up to 6 months). Hormonal sprays are sometimes used in the complex treatment of acute and chronic sinusitis, but in these cases they are prescribed for a short time.

Nazaval spray can also be classified as a group of antiallergic drugs. However, it is used for the prevention rather than the treatment of allergic rhinitis - when used, a protective film is formed on the nasal mucosa, which prevents the penetration of the allergen. Nazoval is not absorbed into the blood and is approved for use by pregnant women and children.

Phytodrops (plant-based drops)

Topical preparations containing herbal ingredients are always popular with patients who prefer to be treated “without chemicals”. These drugs are quite effective in the early stages of the disease and can be used in combination with other drugs (for example, vasoconstrictors). Pharmacy forms of herbal nasal drops are almost always made on an oil basis, so they have a softening effect on the mucous membrane and are effective in people with atrophic rhinitis.

The most famous herbal drops - Pinosol contain essential oils of pine, eucalyptus, mint plus the anti-inflammatory drug thymol. An oil solution of Chlorophyllipt (antiseptic and bactericidal effect), Kameton (an anti-inflammatory aerosol for the throat, but with the same success used in the nose) are also used in the nose.

Complex nasal drops

Complex drops are dosage forms that contain not one, but several components. There are ready-made drugs with patented trade names. These include the above-mentioned Polydexa, Pinosol (anti-inflammatory drug thymol + a mixture of essential oils + vitamin A), Rinofluimucil (vasoconstrictor + acetylcysteine, a thinning nasal secretion), Nazol Advance (oxymetazoline + essential oils), Vibrocil (Phenylephrine + antiallergic component Dimetinden), Sanorin - anallergin (vasoconstrictor + antihistamine components).

The production of complex drops can be ordered at a pharmacy with a doctor's prescription. Sometimes you can make such a medicine yourself by purchasing the necessary components. On various forums on the Internet you can find many recipes for complex drops, presented by their authors “as the most effective nasal drops.” However, we need to remind you once again about the dangers of self-medication!

Complex drops are designed to make our lives easier by providing a complex “2 in 1” or “3 in 1” effect along several pathogenesis links at once. As a rule, complex drops consist of an antibiotic, a vasoconstrictor, hormones, and an antiallergic drug.

Meanwhile, the use of complex drops is not entirely correct treatment. Due to the presence of a vasoconstrictor component in them, their use should be limited to a few days, while antibacterial treatment is usually required for 7-10 days. Also, vasoconstrictors, when used simultaneously, slow down the absorption of antibacterial agents, so ideally they should be diluted in time with an interval of min. But the convenience and rapid effectiveness of complex drops still outweighs all these pharmacodynamic inconsistencies, which is why they are so popular among the population.

Homeopathic nasal drops should be highlighted as a separate line. The most famous of them are Euphorbium compositum, Thuja oil (EDAS 801), Rhinitol (EDAS 131). One can argue a lot about the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment, but it always has adherents. In addition, homeopathic drops have virtually no contraindications; they are often prescribed to children.

Treatment of a runny nose with folk remedies

There are many recipes for homemade nose drops: from well-known to completely exotic.

The most common, accessible to everyone and familiar to us from childhood:
  • Aloe juice, Kalanchoe juice, red beet juice, carrot juice.
  • Oils: peach, olive, menthol, eucalyptus.
  • Complex homemade drops: beet or onion juice + honey + vegetable oil.

All these remedies have antiseptic, anti-inflammatory properties and are quite effective for uncomplicated runny nose.

It is not recommended to use herbal extracts and honey in people prone to allergies. And, of course, if a runny nose does not go away for more than 6 days, you should consult a doctor.

Nasal drops for children

You should not self-treat a runny nose in children. There is no need to choose drops for your child based on reviews from friends or recommendations found on the Internet. Many drops have age restrictions - what is suitable for a five-year-old child is absolutely contraindicated for a 2-year-old child, and even more so for a newborn. Even well-known folk remedies must be used very carefully.

Children may overdose, even poisoning, more quickly than adults. This is especially true for vasoconstrictor drops. Drops with essential oils may cause bronchospasm in young children. You should also know that children under 2 years of age do not use sprays, but only drops.

Source: http://uhonos.ru/nos/lechenie-nosa/kapli-v-nos/