Where is the diphtheria vaccination given to adults?

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Do adults need diphtheria vaccination?

OBLIGATION

Residents of the Russian Federation, in accordance with the law “On Immunoprophylaxis of Infectious Diseases,” are vaccinated against diphtheria on a voluntary basis. However, there are certain categories of citizens for whom vaccination against diphtheria, according to the resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation, is mandatory.

Table of contents:

Vaccination against diphtheria is mandatory for adults if they are agricultural and forestry workers working in areas with a high infectious risk. Persons working in the livestock industry are also vaccinated against the disease.

Other professions with mandatory vaccination:

  • Workers of services for catching stray animals.
  • Workers in the housing and communal services industry who clean sewerage facilities.
  • Health care workers who are in constant contact with patients with infectious diseases.
  • Medical laboratory workers.

In the education sector, absolutely all employees undergo mandatory vaccination. Vaccination is strictly indicated for military personnel and railway workers.

For adults, vaccination against diphtheria is carried out at the expense of the budgetary funds of the relevant institution.

In adulthood, the vaccine is administered subcutaneously, while in children intramuscular administration is common.

VACCINATION DATA

The diphtheria vaccine must be given before the age of 6 years, but most often the first of the three vaccinations required for children is given at the age of three months or older.

For children, the diphtheria vaccine is called DPT (combined diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccine).

If, due to objective circumstances, vaccination is carried out after the age of six, ADS-M toxoid is used. This vaccine has the main difference from the usual children's DPT, which is the reduced number of antigens. Thus, a standard dose of vaccination (0.5 ml) contains 5 units of antigenic (flocculating) (AF) diphtheria and antitoxin-binding (EC) tetanus toxoids.

The vaccination mechanism itself is an artificial introduction into the human body of a weakened toxin of the diphtheria bacillus, which has completely lost its basic capacity. The development of the disease in this case is practically excluded.

It should be noted that adults are vaccinated against diphtheria until the age of 56 years.

Other types of vaccinations:

  • AD-M. Purified diphtheria toxoid in liquid-adsorbed form.
  • Imovax. Adsorbed vaccine is used to prevent diphtheria and tetanus.

VACCINATION COURSE

Adults are vaccinated against diphtheria and tetanus every 10 years. At the same time, people who have already had this disease can also be vaccinated, since the body does not fully develop immune protection to this disease, and the disease can reappear under the influence of certain factors.

Vaccination approach:

  • first vaccination - any age after 18;
  • second vaccination – within a month;
  • third - at the end of the year;
  • subsequent ones - every decade.

The vaccination course can also be carried out for pregnant women. The vaccine is absolutely harmless for both the expectant mother and the child, while the baby is born with temporary (until the first mandatory vaccination at three months) immunity.

CONSEQUENCES AND COMPLICATIONS

When adults receive the diphtheria vaccine, their bodies usually have a natural reaction to the vaccine. The main manifestations of this reaction are a temporary deterioration in a person’s general condition, pain at the site of vaccine administration, as well as a slight increase in body temperature.

Other reactions:

  • increased fatigue;
  • drowsiness;
  • swelling in the grafting area, compaction;
  • skin rashes;
  • in very rare cases, severe fever.

In most cases, these symptoms disappear completely within a week. If the above-described manifestations continue for more than the specified period, this is a reason for an immediate visit to the doctor.

After vaccination, if possible, you should avoid exposing your body to high temperatures, and also stop drinking alcoholic beverages.

No complications were recorded after vaccination against this disease. In rare cases, vaccinated people may experience convulsions, neurological reactions, and anaphylactic shock. However, these reactions in almost all cases are caused by an allergy to other components of the combined serums.

Among the most common consequences, the following adverse reactions for the body can be distinguished.

Side effects:

  • diarrhea;
  • increased sweating;
  • itching sensation;
  • colds;
  • bronchitis.

Any of these side effects can be eliminated quickly and without harm to the body using standard medications.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

An adult is vaccinated against diphtheria with virtually no restrictions. In some cases, such as chronic diseases of the liver, kidneys, lungs, as well as in the presence of the immunodeficiency virus in the body, vaccination is carried out during periods of remission under the supervision of a treating specialist according to a clearly developed individual schedule.

CONCLUSION

Diphtheria is an extremely serious disease for the human body. In cases of this disease in adolescence, the fatal risk is about 60%; in adults this figure is also high - about 20%.

Even vaccination does not provide a 100% guarantee against the manifestations of this dangerous disease, however, given the chances and the subsequent mild course of the disease after vaccination, the vaccination process should not be avoided.

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Why do adults need diphtheria vaccination?

A person receives the maximum number of vaccinations in the first year of his life. Further, until the moment of growing up approximately...

A person receives the maximum number of vaccinations in the first year of his life. Further, until the moment of growing up, it’s about the same, with the exception of unscheduled vaccinations. But emergency situations are rare, so generally the number of injections received before the age of 18 ranges from 20 to 30. Our medical workers decided not to stop there, so they constantly, under one pretext or another, try to call everyone to receive the next portion of the drug that improves immunity. Be sure to be vaccinated against diphtheria. How often should a doctor invite you to get vaccinated against diphtheria and is it worth doing it in old age? Do adults need a diphtheria vaccine? Is it possible to do without this unpleasant procedure?

Diphtheria - what is this disease? Just some 30 years ago, such a question was not difficult for people not related to medicine. Almost everyone knew about diphtheria. The disease periodically occurred, if not in every family, then in the work team or among well-known people.

Diphtheria is a dangerous infectious disease caused by a microorganism of the genus Corynebacterium (Loeffler's bacillus). The disease is transmitted primarily by airborne droplets and affects the respiratory system, skin, eyes, nervous and even reproductive system. Increased temperature, sore throat, weakness, swelling of the tissues of the neck, enlargement of many groups of lymph nodes and the appearance of plaque on the tonsils in the form of films are not all the delights of diphtheria.

Should adults be vaccinated against diphtheria? - yes, because the disease is dangerous due to its complications.

  1. Diseases of the nervous system develop, most often in the form of paralysis of the respiratory tract, limbs, neck muscles and vocal cords.
  2. Inflammation of the heart muscle or myocarditis.
  3. Death may occur due to paralysis of the respiratory muscles.

Over the past decades, the incidence of diphtheria has been significantly reduced due to vaccination. Isolated cases of diphtheria are more common in groups where there are people who have not been vaccinated or who have not been vaccinated according to the schedule.

Diphtheria vaccination schedule for adults

When are diphtheria vaccinations given to adults? If a person has not been vaccinated - at any age, but with a weakened vaccine. If a person has received all vaccinations at the required time, then the drug is administered starting from the age of 16 every 10 years. In some cases, routine diphtheria vaccinations were not done in a timely manner due to parental refusal or if there were temporary contraindications during adolescence. Therefore, in our time, you can find adults whose diphtheria revaccination takes place not at the required 26 years, but at 24 or 28 years.

All information about required vaccinations is contained in the vaccination card in the medical book. They are compiled and maintained by the local service at the clinic. The purchase of vaccines is planned for next year in each clinic. The district nurse most often calls for appointments and vaccinations.

Until what age are diphtheria vaccinations given to adults? Until recently, the vaccine was recommended for adults under 66 years of age. In the latest recommendations, given the increase in life expectancy, you can read that revaccination takes place every 10 years without an age limit. That is, starting from the age of 26, revaccination is regularly carried out.

If a person was not vaccinated in childhood, drugs with a reduced content of diphtheria antigens are used (it comes in combination with a tetanus vaccine). Then the vaccination schedule changes. The vaccination course should consist of 2 vaccinations with an interval between them of 30 to 45 days. The first revaccination is done once 6–9 months later, the second one is prescribed after 5 years. Adults undergo all subsequent administrations of the diphtheria vaccine every 10 years.

For revaccination, the ADS-M toxoid vaccine is used. This is a drug with a reduced content of antigens. One dose (0.5 ml) contains 5 units of diphtheria and 5 units of tetanus toxoid and additional excipients.

Where do adults get the diphtheria vaccine? It is known that in childhood the drug is administered intramuscularly. Adults are allowed deep subcutaneous injection into the subscapular region and intramuscularly into the anterior outer region of the thigh.

Contraindications. No specific preparation is required before the procedure. But vaccination can be canceled if there are absolute contraindications.

  1. Pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers are not allowed to get vaccinated.
  2. Contraindications to the administration of diphtheria vaccination to adults are severe impairment of kidney and liver function.
  3. A history of allergic reactions to substances contained in the drug or to diphtheria-tetanus toxoid.
  4. Acute diseases. In such cases, vaccination is delayed for 2–4 weeks.
  5. Exacerbation of chronic ailments is also a temporary contraindication.
  6. The development of any allergic process to food, medications or other substances. The injection is given after the allergy has subsided, no earlier than two weeks later.

It is not recommended to administer a low-quality vaccine if there is:

  • violation of the integrity of the ampoule;
  • no markings;
  • after shaking the sediment does not disappear;
  • expiration date has expired.

This can happen if the storage conditions of the drug are violated - freezing or storage at temperatures above 9 ºС.

Side effects in adults on diphtheria vaccination

Diphtheria vaccination is well tolerated; severe reactions occur in very rare cases. There may be some side effects in adults after diphtheria vaccination.

  1. Short-term disturbance in general health: malaise and temporary temperature disturbance.
  2. Reaction to the drug at the injection site: pain, redness and swelling.
  3. The formation of an infiltrate is a local inflammation of tissues that can be up to 25 mm in size.
  4. Sometimes an allergic reaction develops after diphtheria vaccination in adults. The reaction can be local in the form of urticaria or systemic - shock or the appearance of Quincke's edema.

The reaction is assessed 24 hours after administration of the vaccine.

Sometimes there were some complications after vaccination.

  1. A toxic reaction in the form of a prolonged increase in temperature, severe weakness, or the appearance of a purulent infiltrate at the site of administration of the substance. This is possible if the rules for administering the toxoid are violated and an infection occurs.
  2. Damage to the nervous system in the form of a temporary convulsive syndrome.
  3. One of the rarest complications after diphtheria vaccination in adults is post-vaccination encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). This disease occurs in 1 case per million and can develop in the first 3-4 days after the vaccine is administered.

Any of the above conditions associated with the administration of the drug is temporary and can be easily corrected by prescribing symptomatic medications. The consequences of diphtheria vaccination in adults are corrected by prescribing antiallergic, antipyretic and anticonvulsant medications as necessary.

Can adults develop diphtheria after vaccination? Yes, in rare cases when a low-quality vaccine is administered or in case of non-compliance with revaccination deadlines. But the symptoms are less pronounced and the disease itself is easier.

How often are diphtheria vaccinations given to adults? They are given according to the vaccination schedule every 10 years. Modern drugs are well purified, do not contain toxic substances and are well tolerated. Do adults need a vaccine and why do they need it in old age? Unvaccinated people are at risk for developing diphtheria. It is not easy for them to become infected with such a dangerous infection in countries with an unfavorable epidemic situation for the disease, but they can also bring the infection with them and provoke the onset of the disease in weakened loved ones. Diphtheria can be completely eradicated if everyone gets vaccinated.

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Diphtheria vaccination for adults: side effects after, whether to do it

There are a lot of speculations and legends associated with vaccinations and the question “to do or not?” Vaccination, for example, against diphtheria faces many people. On the one hand, it seems like a good thing to do, because the disease and its consequences are serious. But on the other hand, nothing has been heard about such a disease as diphtheria for a long time, and the Internet is “teeming” with stories about the dangers of various vaccinations. Let's try to understand these issues.

All basic vaccinations are given to a person within the first year after he is born. Then, approximately the same amount, over the next few years, until he becomes an adult. The only exception is unscheduled vaccination, which happens infrequently. The total number of various types of vaccinations that are given to children before they reach adulthood is around 25.

However, this is only a “mandatory program”. Medical thought does not stop for a minute and, practically every year, produces new drugs, the essence of the actions and effects of which is to improve immunity by infecting a child or adult with a mild form of the disease. Doctors, using various pretexts, try to convince a person to get vaccinated, often simply by fulfilling standard indicators.

What is diphtheria?

If we go back several decades, the question of whether to vaccinate against diphtheria or not did not even arise then. The disease was widely known; one way or another, its outbreaks periodically occurred within the family circle, in large work groups, or among friends. And this result is easily explained, because diphtheria is an infectious disease, which is caused by a microbacterium belonging to the root bacteria (Leffer's bacillus) and it is easily transmitted by airborne droplets. The respiratory system, skin, eyes, nervous and, sometimes, genitourinary system are exposed to negative damage as a result of infection. Symptoms of diphtheria include fever, sore throat, and swelling in the neck. In addition, many groups of lymph nodes may enlarge, a filmy coating on the tonsils may appear, as well as many other symptoms and signs. The most dangerous complications of diphtheria include:

  • Paralysis of the respiratory tract, muscular skeleton of the legs, arms, neck and other organs, indicating that the nervous system is affected.
  • Inflammatory process in the cardiovascular system

The most dangerous damage to respiratory and cardiac function, as this can lead to death

Do adults need diphtheria vaccination?

When asked whether to get vaccinated against diphtheria, the answer from doctors is unequivocal - of course, yes! In recent years, the word diphtheria has been forgotten and this happened mainly due to systematic vaccination of the population over the previous decades. At the same time, isolated outbreaks of the disease and its consequences occur, but only in those who are not vaccinated or vaccinated incorrectly in violation of the scheme.

How and where to vaccinate adults?

When is vaccination required for adults? They do this if this has not been done before, especially when the person was a child. In addition, if the course of injections was done according to an incorrect vaccination schedule or a weakened vaccine was used.

When, before reaching the age of 16, the entire course of vaccinations against diphtheria has been completed, then it is necessary to administer the medicinal mixture once every 10 years. It often happens that for various reasons the child’s scheduled vaccination was not done. This can happen due to contraindications, or due to parental refusal. In such cases, revaccination should be done not at age 26, but earlier or later.

Information about the vaccination that needs to be given is contained in the vaccination card and medical book. They are managed by the local clinic, which, based on information about the required vaccination, plans the purchase of medicines for each year. At the right time, the patient is called for the vaccine administration procedure.

So, ideally, adults should be vaccinated every 10 years, but until what age? Previously, the upper threshold was considered to be 66 years of age. However, recently, human life expectancy in Russia has increased and now there is no upper age limit.

In the case where an adult, for some reason, did not get it as a child, special lightweight vaccines are used, in which the concentration of the antigen is intentionally reduced. In such a situation, the vaccination schedule also changes; the initial course is considered to be two vaccinations, which are separated by 1-1.5 months. The first revaccination is carried out after about half a year, the second after another five years, then the schedule returns to the usual interval of 10 years.

A substance called “ADS-M Anatoxin” is used as a drug for revaccination. The amount of antigen in it is reduced, it is quite effective against both diphtheria and tetanus.

People are often afraid of injections and are very interested in where and how adults are vaccinated against diphtheria? If the drug is administered to children intramuscularly, then for people who have reached the age of majority, the method of deep subcutaneous injection into the area under the scapula is suitable. In addition, intramuscular administration is also possible. In this case, the anterior outer part of the thigh is used as the injection area.

Diphtheria vaccination contraindications

The vaccination itself is given to adults without any special preparatory measures. However, there is a list of contraindications; vaccination is prohibited for:

  • Pregnant and lactating women
  • Adults with kidney or liver problems
  • Those who have previously been identified as allergic to the components of the medicine, including the toxoid itself against tetanus and diphtheria
  • Suffering from acute diseases. In this situation, the procedure is postponed for several weeks.
  • People with exacerbation of chronic diseases and any allergic processes, for example, to food, medicine. The injection is given after the acute stage has passed.

The vaccine itself must be of high quality; storage conditions and expiration dates must not be violated. If possible, for a medicine ampoule you need to check:

  • Is the integrity of the ampoule compromised?
  • Presence of labeling with expiration date
  • If you shake the ampoule, the sediment should disappear

Side effects from vaccinations in adults

Usually, the diphtheria vaccine does not cause any worries or consequences, except for a slight combat effect when administered. Poor tolerance and acute reaction of the body are extremely rare. We list the most common manifestations of side effects when injecting the vaccine in adults:

  • Probably a short-term feeling of malaise with impaired health, as well as an increase in body temperature
  • Irritation, redness, swelling in the area where the injection was given
  • An area of ​​inflamed tissue appears around the injection site, usually the diameter of such localization does not exceed 20 mm
  • Infrequently, an allergic reaction is possible, for example, local manifestation of urticaria or general manifestation of Quincke's edema

To assess the reaction to diphtheria vaccination in an adult, it is necessary to wait a day after its administration.

Possible complications and consequences

In autumn, some of the following complications are infrequently possible:

  • Prolonged fever, weakness, purulent phenomena in the area around the injection site due to an existing toxic reaction. Usually this happens due to neglect of the general rules for introducing a substance, as a result of which an infection enters the body in the same place
  • Convulsive syndrome caused by lesions of various parts of the nervous system
  • Very rarely, post-vaccination encephalitis or inflammation of the brain may occur. Such a complication occurs literally “once in a million”, and usually develops in the first few days after vaccination

The above pathological conditions, consequences and side effects associated with the administration of diphtheria vaccination are temporary and in most cases are subject to well-established adjustment with the help of medications prescribed based on symptoms. As a rule, the list of such drugs for adult patients includes antiallergic, antipyretic, anticonvulsant, antispasmodic and other drugs.

How likely is it for an adult to get diphtheria after being vaccinated against it? Such situations are very rare and are mainly explained by the fact that a low-quality vaccine is used, with a reduced effect, or the scheduled revaccination schedule is missed. It should be noted that in the event of such an infection, the symptoms of the disease will still be lower, it will be easier to treat and tolerate.

Let's summarize

  • How often is an adult vaccinated against diphtheria? The revaccination schedule for the desired effect is 10 years, provided that a course of standard vaccination was completed in childhood.
  • Diphtheria treatments used today have good toxin clearance and are easily tolerated.
  • Why get vaccinated against diphtheria as an adult? This is necessary to avoid falling into a risk group, since this type of disease is infectious and easy to catch. It is enough to travel to any region where the epidemic situation is unfavorable and the likelihood of getting sick will increase sharply.
  • Where can I go if I am an adult and want to get vaccinated against diphtheria? To do this, you need to contact a therapist at the clinic at your place of residence.

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When are diphtheria vaccinations given to adults?

A person receives the maximum number of vaccinations in the first year of his life. Further, until the moment of growing up, it’s about the same, with the exception of unscheduled vaccinations. But emergency situations are rare, so generally the number of injections received before the age of 18 ranges from 20 to 30.

Our medical workers decided not to stop there, so they constantly, under one pretext or another, try to call everyone to receive the next portion of the drug that improves immunity. Be sure to be vaccinated against diphtheria. How often should a doctor invite you to get vaccinated against diphtheria and is it worth doing it in old age? Do adults need a diphtheria vaccine? Is it possible to do without this unpleasant procedure?

Diphtheria - what kind of disease is it?

Just some 30 years ago, such a question was not difficult for people not related to medicine. Almost everyone knew about diphtheria. The disease periodically occurred, if not in every family, then in the work team or among well-known people.

Diphtheria is a dangerous infectious disease caused by a microorganism of the genus Corynebacterium (Loeffler's bacillus). The disease is transmitted primarily by airborne droplets and affects the respiratory system, skin, eyes, nervous and even reproductive system. Increased temperature, sore throat, weakness, swelling of the tissues of the neck, enlargement of many groups of lymph nodes and the appearance of plaque on the tonsils in the form of films are not all the delights of diphtheria.

Should adults be vaccinated against diphtheria? - yes, because the disease is dangerous due to its complications.

  1. Diseases of the nervous system develop, most often in the form of paralysis of the respiratory tract, limbs, neck muscles and vocal cords.
  2. Inflammation of the heart muscle or myocarditis.
  3. Death may occur due to paralysis of the respiratory muscles.

Over the past decades, the incidence of diphtheria has been significantly reduced due to vaccination. Isolated cases of diphtheria are more common in groups where there are people who have not been vaccinated or who have not been vaccinated according to the schedule.

Diphtheria vaccination schedule for adults

When are diphtheria vaccinations given to adults? If a person has not been vaccinated - at any age, but with a weakened vaccine. If a person has received all vaccinations at the required time, then the drug is administered starting from the age of 16 every 10 years. In some cases, routine diphtheria vaccinations were not done in a timely manner due to parental refusal or if there were temporary contraindications during adolescence. Therefore, in our time, you can find adults whose diphtheria revaccination takes place not at the required 26 years, but at 24 or 28 years.

All information about required vaccinations is contained in the vaccination card in the medical book. They are compiled and maintained by the local service at the clinic. The purchase of vaccines is planned for next year in each clinic. The district nurse most often calls for appointments and vaccinations.

Until what age are diphtheria vaccinations given to adults? Until recently, the vaccine was recommended for adults under 66 years of age. In the latest recommendations, given the increase in life expectancy, you can read that revaccination takes place every 10 years without an age limit. That is, starting from the age of 26, revaccination is regularly carried out.

If a person was not vaccinated in childhood, drugs with a reduced content of diphtheria antigens are used (it comes in combination with a tetanus vaccine). Then the vaccination schedule changes. The vaccination course should consist of 2 vaccinations with an interval between them of 30 to 45 days. The first revaccination is done once 6–9 months later, the second one is prescribed after 5 years. Adults undergo all subsequent administrations of the diphtheria vaccine every 10 years.

For revaccination, the ADS-M toxoid vaccine is used. This is a drug with a reduced content of antigens. One dose (0.5 ml) contains 5 units of diphtheria and 5 units of tetanus toxoid and additional excipients.

Where do adults get the diphtheria vaccine? It is known that in childhood the drug is administered intramuscularly. Adults are allowed deep subcutaneous injection into the subscapular region and intramuscularly into the anterior outer region of the thigh.

Contraindications

No specific preparation is required before the procedure. But vaccination can be canceled if there are absolute contraindications.

  1. Pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers are not allowed to get vaccinated.
  2. Contraindications to the administration of diphtheria vaccination to adults are severe impairment of kidney and liver function.
  3. A history of allergic reactions to substances contained in the drug or to diphtheria-tetanus toxoid.
  4. Acute diseases. In such cases, vaccination is delayed for 2–4 weeks.
  5. Exacerbation of chronic ailments is also a temporary contraindication.
  6. The development of any allergic process to food, medications or other substances. The injection is given after the allergy has subsided, no earlier than two weeks later.

It is not recommended to administer a low-quality vaccine if there is:

  • violation of the integrity of the ampoule;
  • no markings;
  • after shaking the sediment does not disappear;
  • expiration date has expired.

This can happen if the storage conditions of the drug are violated - freezing or storage at temperatures above 9 ºС.

Side effects in adults on diphtheria vaccination

Diphtheria vaccination is well tolerated; severe reactions occur in very rare cases. There may be some side effects in adults after diphtheria vaccination.

  1. Short-term disturbance in general health: malaise and temporary temperature disturbance.
  2. Reaction to the drug at the injection site: pain, redness and swelling.
  3. The formation of an infiltrate is a local inflammation of tissues that can be up to 25 mm in size.
  4. Sometimes an allergic reaction develops after diphtheria vaccination in adults. The reaction can be local in the form of urticaria or systemic - shock or the appearance of Quincke's edema.

The reaction is assessed 24 hours after administration of the vaccine.

Sometimes there were some complications after vaccination.

  1. A toxic reaction in the form of a prolonged increase in temperature, severe weakness, or the appearance of a purulent infiltrate at the site of administration of the substance. This is possible if the rules for administering the toxoid are violated and an infection occurs.
  2. Damage to the nervous system in the form of a temporary convulsive syndrome.
  3. One of the rarest complications after diphtheria vaccination in adults is post-vaccination encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). This disease occurs in 1 case per million and can develop in the first 3-4 days after the vaccine is administered.

Any of the above conditions associated with the administration of the drug is temporary and can be easily corrected by prescribing symptomatic medications. The consequences of diphtheria vaccination in adults are corrected by prescribing antiallergic, antipyretic and anticonvulsant medications as necessary.

Can adults develop diphtheria after vaccination? Yes, in rare cases when a low-quality vaccine is administered or in case of non-compliance with revaccination deadlines. But the symptoms are less pronounced and the disease itself is easier.

How often are diphtheria vaccinations given to adults? They are given according to the vaccination schedule every 10 years. Modern drugs are well purified, do not contain toxic substances and are well tolerated. Do adults need a vaccine and why do they need it in old age? Unvaccinated people are at risk for developing diphtheria. It is not easy for them to become infected with such a dangerous infection in countries with an unfavorable epidemic situation for the disease, but they can also bring the infection with them and provoke the onset of the disease in weakened loved ones. Diphtheria can be completely eradicated if everyone gets vaccinated.

Hello. My wife was given the deuterium vaccine 9 days ago. A clot appeared in that place under the shoulder blade. It doesn’t go away, we’re worried. Tell?!

Hello! Please tell me whether this vaccination can be done for epilepsy, a complex form. Frequent absence seizures in series. Tablets by the handful. An injection when there are attacks.

So I think that not everything is normal, but what if we add this atomic mixture to these drugs and the body weakened by them. What will happen?

I understand that then no one will answer. I have already had one procedure done once. After her, people stood up, walked, and lived by their words. But I was unlucky - cerebral edema... Please tell me, is it possible to give me this vaccination or is it better to refuse?

Anna, tell the doctor who will examine you before the vaccination about your condition.

I got another diphtheria vaccination at the age of 40, and on the same day I got a flu shot! The doctor said it was okay to do this. Within a week, my lymph nodes and throat became inflamed, and I became very ill, the condition was like a cold. There is no benefit from these vaccinations, they only undermined the immune system! Now there is chronic tonsillitis, which cannot be cured by anything, and the slightest hypothermia - the lymph nodes, throat and nose immediately hurt! You can’t help but think that here in Russia we are also fighting a large population, which is why different vaccinations are being imposed. And doctors won’t even ask you about chronic kidney disease, for which you can’t get such vaccinations after 30 years. This is how we care about our health. Maybe this article will help someone, I hope they don’t remove the review!

Please tell me, is it possible to get vaccinated against diphtheria and tetanus after a stroke?

Tell me, sir, after what time can vaccinations be done after blepharoplasty?

After the vaccination, my chest hurts, and my leg feels strange. I read everything, but it didn’t cause my leg to hurt. Tell me what to do, it’s simply unbearable to step on my foot.

Elena, you know, my leg also hurt after being vaccinated against diphtheria. On the same day, in the evening. The next day, my throat hurt, there was discomfort in my lungs, my kidneys also reacted. In general, there was a reaction to the vaccine! As for complaints before vaccination, it is not necessary to talk to the vaccination nurse, but to consult a doctor before vaccination.

Good afternoon. I was vaccinated against diphthyria in my leg at the age of 32, and since then I have felt this place and such heaviness all over my leg, I do not recommend it to anyone 👎. Vaccinations should not be done at all.

Anti-vaxxers, remember, 50% OF SICK PEOPLE DIE from diphtheria. The fact that you anti-vaxxers will die is a law of life. But you spread the infection further, to those who simply did not have time to get vaccinated or forgot. That's the problem.

After being vaccinated against diphtheria, when I was already on the way home on the bus, I suddenly felt a sharp weakness, a heaviness in my heart, a cold sweat poured out of me and those around me noticed that I was very pale, my consciousness became clouded, and then my legs began to give way and I began to fall fainted... I was taken off the bus at a stop, into fresh air, into the rain, which I didn’t even feel at first. In the rain, sitting on a bench at a bus stop, I gradually came to my senses... Only my constantly high blood pressure prevented me from completely fainting!

Later, my temperature rose above 38 and lasted for about a day... Yes, I had the same reaction to some strong antibiotics! I don't know what it is? Allergy?

Later, the doctor scaredly advised me not to get any more vaccinations!

Yes, I also have a reaction to lidocaine: my throat swells, but then it goes away... That’s why I don’t take painkillers with lidocaine either... It’s fraught...

Hello. Where to go for vaccination? And what is its price?

Julia, good question) To the clinic, of course. They will tell you the price there :)

10 months ago I underwent oncological surgery on my chest, took a course of radiation therapy of 25 “guns” - one gun of 6 fields. I am currently taking Femara tablets (prescribed for 5 years). Can I get vaccinated with the DS vaccine? Thank you.

Vera, well, someone will answer you that it is possible, and someone else that it is impossible - what will you do then? Such questions should only be asked to a doctor, and not searched for on the Internet!

Hello, tell me, is it possible to get a diphtheria vaccine for autoimmune thyroiditis?

Elena, such questions should be asked to a doctor.

During a flu epidemic, can you be vaccinated against diphtheria? And if you have diabetes, should you be vaccinated against diphtheria? Thank you!

Source: http://privivku.ru/vzroslym/privivka-ot-difterii-vzroslym-kogda-delayut.html

Diphtheria vaccination for children and adults

In the 90s of the previous century, almost everyone knew about diphtheria - this disease was so common. Thanks to a program specially developed by WHO and the Russian Ministry of Health, it was possible to calm the epidemic.

Currently, 10% of patients die, despite the measures taken by doctors. Therefore, vaccination against diphtheria is still relevant today. Where to get vaccinated against diphtheria, when you need to get an injection and a lot of other useful information you will learn from this article.

What kind of disease is this?

Diphtheria is a bacterial infection transmitted by airborne droplets. Its pathogens affect the skin, tonsils and upper respiratory tract. Diphtheria toxins can cause poisoning of the body and also affect internal organs and the nervous system.

When the disease occurs, a high temperature rises, the throat and tonsils become inflamed, and the lymph nodes become enlarged. Plaque appears on the tissues of the oral cavity and pharynx. The condition is accompanied by headache and severe fatigue.

And these are not all the symptoms of diphtheria. It is necessary to get vaccinated against this disease, otherwise it can lead to some complications.

Types of vaccines

It is easier to prevent contracting a disease than to treat it. That is why timely vaccination against diphtheria is so important. It is carried out with an inactivated toxin.

In the CIS countries the following diphtheria vaccine is used:

  • DPT. It is done immediately against whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria. This includes vaccines from the French company SanofiPasteur, Tetrakok, D. T. Kok", "Pentaxim", Russian-made "AKDS" and Belgian "Infanrix".
  • ADS. The vaccine was created for people for whom DTP is contraindicated. These are the Russian “ADS” and the French “D. T. Vac.” It is done against tetanus and diphtheria.
  • ADS-M. The letter “M” indicates that the vaccine contains a reduced dose of active ingredients, in this case diphtheria. This is Imovax D.T. Adult" of French production and "Anatoxin" Russian analogue.
  • AD-M. This single vaccine is intended to prevent diphtheria only. It is usually used for emergency prevention. This is AD-M Anatoxin, developed in Russia.

Sometimes it is necessary to take urgent measures to prevent diphtheria. For example, if you have been in close contact with a sick person. In this case, chemoprophylaxis is carried out and the necessary tests and smears are taken.

Contraindications to diphtheria vaccinations

Vaccination against diphtheria is not given to some categories of people. The main contraindications are:

  1. individual intolerance to components;
  2. diathesis or other allergic reaction to foods and medications, the injection can be given 2 weeks after it subsides;
  3. impairment of kidney and liver function;
  4. severe form of immunodeficiency, in which a person is especially sensitive to viruses and bacteria;
  5. pathologies of the nervous system;
  6. exacerbation of chronic ailments;
  7. diseases that occur in an acute form - in this case it is better to get vaccinated after 2-4 weeks.

There is no need to vaccinate if you notice that the integrity of the ampoule is broken or there is no marking. If after shaking the ampoule the sediment does not disappear, the vaccine may be of poor quality. Always pay attention to its expiration date.

Vaccinations in childhood

In the first year of life, we are vaccinated against many diseases. Parents are often concerned whether such a baby should be given diphtheria vaccines. Perhaps because they heard about the side effects. If all vaccination rules are followed and there are no contraindications, there should be no trouble. The local therapist will explain in detail why children are vaccinated against diphtheria and what the consequences may be.

The first vaccine is administered to the baby at 3 months, then at 4.5 months, and at 6 months. Thus, full susceptibility to infection is formed. Further, to maintain the effect, the vaccine is given at one and a half years and 6–7 years. For young children it is usually placed in the thigh area, for older children - under the shoulder blade.

If there are temporary contraindications, then specialists draw up an individual vaccination schedule for the child. The main thing is that there is an interval of up to 45 days between the first three injections.

If you do not want to be vaccinated against diphtheria, you can always write a refusal. You should know that when the child grows up, he may not be hired for some jobs if there is no record of this vaccination in his medical record. Such injections are mandatory for workers in the fields of education, medicine, construction, trade, and those who will care for animals.

Vaccination in adulthood

Adults are vaccinated against diphtheria every 10 years. If they were done according to a schedule in childhood, then the vaccination under the shoulder blade is given at 16, 26, and so on until the age of 66. However, the latest recommendations indicate that it can be carried out without age restrictions.

All information about your vaccinations is indicated in your medical record at the clinic. The nurse in your area must invite you to receive your vaccination according to your schedule.

The purchase of injection drugs is planned for next year. Revaccination is carried out using Russian-made ADS-M toxoid. Or they use French vaccinations “Imovax D.T. Adult", "D.T. Vax."

It usually makes no difference where the diphtheria vaccine is administered. This does not affect the production of antibodies. For adult patients, the drug is injected deep under the skin in the scapula area.

If you were not vaccinated against diphtheria as a child, your vaccination schedule will be changed. 2 vaccinations are given immediately, 30–45 days apart. Revaccination is carried out after about six months and then after 5 years. And then every 10 years.

The question of whether pregnant women should get revaccination if the time is right deserves special attention. Some people think not. It is best to get all vaccinations before you become pregnant. However, if necessary, the safest period is considered to be the 2nd trimester.

Side effects

The vaccine is usually well tolerated by patients of all ages. But in 1/3 of cases there may be side effects that are short-term in nature:

  1. elevated temperature up to 38 C;
  2. pain, redness and swelling at the injection site;
  3. diarrhea and vomiting;
  4. allergic reaction;
  5. general weakness, severe headache, loss of appetite.

In rare cases, you may experience:

  • convulsive syndrome;
  • post-vaccination encephalopathy is a fairly rare side effect in which convulsions and short-term impairment of consciousness are observed.

For any of these conditions, medications can be taken to correct the condition.

Some recommendations

After vaccination, it is important to follow some recommendations to avoid complications. You can wash after vaccination, but you should avoid getting water on the injection site. It is not recommended to visit saunas and baths, or take a very hot bath. It is better to give preference to the soul.

Try not to touch the injection site, and make sure that clothing does not rub in that area. Get vaccinated only in a clinic with doctors you trust.

Remember: vaccination does not provide a 100% guarantee that you will not get diphtheria. However, the few who get sick after vaccination experience it only mildly. Therefore, you should not refuse vaccination and risk your health.

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Diphtheria vaccine

Vaccination against diphtheria has saved the lives of millions of people for 40 years. This reduced mortality by 90%. There is no better way to prevent diphtheria than immunization. It begins at three months of age, allowing the development of immune protection against the diphtheria bacillus. Vaccination against diphtheria does not ensure the absence of the disease, but it neutralizes the toxin of the pathogen, which prevents the appearance of severe symptoms.

After infection with Leffler's bacillus, the condition worsens due to the production of a toxin by the pathogen. Its action is aimed at destroying cells, as a result of which a film of fibrin is formed on the surface of the mucosa. The plaque gradually becomes dense, and when you try to remove it, a bleeding surface remains. The next day, plaque appears again where the film was removed.

The diphtheria vaccine neutralizes the toxin, so films do not form and organ dysfunction does not develop. The danger of plaque is the high risk of it closing the lumen of the larynx, which causes a person to die from suffocation.

Diphtheria can be suspected based on the following clinical signs:

  • plaque on the tonsils, uvula, palatine arches and pharyngeal wall, which eventually spread to the larynx and vocal cords;
  • febrile hyperthermia;
  • severe intoxication.

A harbinger of suffocation may be the appearance of a “barking” cough, hoarseness of voice, which over time turns into aphonia and a silent cough. This occurs as a result of damage to the vocal cords, which lose motor ability. A person experiences shortness of breath, heavy breathing, bluish skin and retraction of the intercostal spaces when inhaling. When the film closes the lumen of the larynx, suffocation develops.

Prevention of diphtheria

Immunization is carried out for children according to the vaccination schedule and for adults according to certain indications. The risk groups receiving the vaccine include:

  • people living in a dormitory;
  • agricultural workers;
  • builders;
  • food workers;
  • employees of medical institutions;
  • students;
  • military personnel;
  • workers of child care institutions.

To prevent the spread of diphtheria, medical examinations are required annually to identify carriers of the diphtheria bacillus. Of particular importance is dynamic monitoring of patients with tonsillitis, when plaque may also appear and intoxication may develop.

When diphtheria is suspected, an analysis must be done, the material for which is collected from the surface of the oropharyngeal mucosa. With the help of bacteriological examination, the doctor has the opportunity to confirm or refute the infection.

Vaccination for children

Vaccination against diphtheria for children helps protect them from death when the disease develops. The first vaccination is given at 3 months, after which the immune system begins to develop protection against the disease. The vaccination is given in the manipulation room in compliance with all the rules. The vaccination schedule should be monitored by the local pediatrician at the local clinic and reminded to parents during a routine examination of the child.

Parents should have an immunization schedule at home and independently monitor the child’s immunization by going to the hospital in a timely manner.

If you want to get vaccinated in a private clinic, you can contact a medical clinic that provides such a service. Before administering the vaccine, parents should closely monitor the child's activity, appetite, and measure the temperature. This will make it possible to suspect ARVI and avoid the development of vaccination complications.

Due to the fact that the vaccine is combined, children are given one injection, which additionally protects against whooping cough and tetanus. Optimizing the vaccine manufacturing process can reduce the number of injections, relieve the child from stress and parents from worries.

The timing for vaccination against tetanus and diphtheria coincides, especially since they require the same conditions for production. What time is immunization carried out?

Booster vaccinations are necessary to maintain an adequate level of protection against disease. Where is diphtheria vaccination given? It is performed under the shoulder blade, thigh or forearm area, intramuscularly. Older people are vaccinated subcutaneously. The effectiveness of the manipulation does not depend on the injection site. A less painful area of ​​the body is selected.

Contraindications

To prevent diphtheria from becoming severe, vaccination neutralizes the action of the pathogen’s toxins. You can achieve the maximum effect from vaccination and avoid complications by taking into account the following contraindications:

  • severe intrauterine infection, congenital mutations;
  • acute period of infection (ARVI, chickenpox);
  • exacerbation of chronic diseases;
  • premature birth of a child;
  • underweight child;
  • allergic reactions, including to previous vaccine administration;
  • severe immunodeficiency conditions;
  • autoimmune diseases (vasculitis, rheumatism);
  • coagulopathies;
  • pathologies of the nervous system (uncontrolled epilepsy, meningitis);
  • pregnancy up to 12 weeks.

The issue of immunization of a pregnant woman is discussed individually with an obstetrician-gynecologist. Before getting an injection, a person undergoes a full examination to identify contraindications.

Complications may appear in the post-vaccination period if manipulation techniques, asepsis are not followed, and the presence of contraindications is not taken into account. Systemic side effects can develop due to the immune system producing antibodies against its tissues, destroying them. The temporary failure is due to the introduction of the vaccine and the restructuring of the immune system.

In addition, do not forget that each person’s body is individual, so there is always a risk of an allergic reaction. When a child has been vaccinated with a partially inactivated toxin, there is a small risk of developing the disease if the body is weakened. In this case, a 20-day quarantine is indicated. The likelihood of vaccinated people getting sick from a sick person is small, but in a poorly ventilated area with prolonged contact, it still exists.

Type of vaccine

At what age should diphtheria prevention begin, and what vaccinations are used for this? The introduction of diphtheria toxin in inactivated form into the body allows one to develop resistance to it, therefore, when infected with Loeffler's bacillus, films do not form and there is no risk of suffocation.

To maintain immunity, a dose of toxin is administered at the required period, thereby stimulating the synthesis of immune components.

Parents and pediatricians note poor tolerability of DPT by children and a high incidence of complications. Because of this, other vaccines have recently become preferred.

You can vaccinate using:

  • DPT. This type of vaccination is a combined type. It is capable of providing immunity against whooping cough, Leffler's bacillus and whooping cough in one injection. One of the varieties of DTP is considered to be ADS. The difference is that there is no protection against whooping cough. It is used for weakened children, with pathology of the nervous system or frequent allergic reactions;
  • Pentaxim makes it possible to provide immune protection to a child from tetanus, whooping cough, Loeffler's bacillus, polio and Haemophilus influenzae. It is much easier to tolerate by children, because it contains an inactivated toxin;
  • Infanrix provides an immune barrier against tetanus, Loeffler's bacillus and whooping cough. Well tolerated by children and has a minimum of adverse reactions;
  • Infanrix-Hexa additionally includes components against hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae, and polio. Parents note good tolerability by children and the absence of local or systemic complications.

Vaccination of adults

Should adults be vaccinated against diphtheria? In adults, vaccination is carried out in three cases:

  • if the vaccine has never been given;
  • before traveling to places with an increased risk of infection;
  • before employment in medical and educational institutions (if vaccination has never been carried out).

Adults are vaccinated against diphtheria every 10 years, provided they have already been immunized.

Revaccination in most cases is carried out using ADS that does not contain components against whooping cough. In adulthood, the risk of developing whooping cough is small, so this vaccine is preferred.

If a person has never been vaccinated against diphtheria, then there is a special scheme:

  • initial introduction – any age;
  • then - a month later;
  • in a year;
  • and every 10 years.

Before immunization, a person needs to check for a cough, runny nose, fever, and rashes. This makes it possible to identify ARVI at the initial stage. Additional examination may also be prescribed to identify contraindications.

Adverse reactions

Note that vaccination against diphtheria in adults is safer and causes adverse reactions in exceptional cases. In children, the immune system is imperfect, so you can more often notice such undesirable consequences as:

  • hyperemia;
  • swelling of the skin;
  • itching;
  • purulent infection - abscess;
  • inflammation of lymph nodes, blood vessels;
  • keloid scar.

The general condition does not suffer much, perhaps malaise, fatigue, low-grade hyperthermia and a slight decrease in appetite. If diphtheria vaccination was carried out due to a cold, immunodeficiency or allergies, the risk of developing severe complications increases:

  • bone destruction;
  • joint inflammation;
  • seizures;
  • pathologies of the nervous system;
  • serum sickness;
  • allergies in the form of anaphylactic shock (hypotension, rapid heartbeat, loss of consciousness, skin rash).

To reduce the risk of adverse reactions, you need to carefully monitor your health. Complications are also possible in children. They are expressed in:

  • disruption of the intestines in the form of diarrhea;
  • increased sweating;
  • itchy sensations;
  • symptoms of dermatitis;
  • inflammation of the middle ear;
  • redness of the pharyngeal wall, pain when swallowing;
  • nasal congestion and rhinorrhea;
  • the appearance of a cough.

If the listed symptoms appear, you should not immediately regret immunization or think that the diphtheria vaccine was of poor quality. Normally, such consequences are possible and disappear within 4-5 days. When the temperature exceeds 38 degrees, does not go down, severe weakness and pain appear at the injection site, you need to consult a doctor.

In the post-vaccination period it is prohibited:

  • contact with people sick with infection;
  • drinking alcohol;
  • visit places with large crowds of people, especially during a flu epidemic;
  • eat exotic foods;
  • abuse chocolate and citrus fruits, which most often cause an allergic reaction;
  • take powerful antibiotics, cytostatics and hormonal agents in large doses;
  • heavy physical activity;
  • hot shower, use of a washcloth, essential oils or herbs.

You can wet the injection site, but only with warm water.

If a person develops an allergy to herbs or essential oils, it will not be clear whether this is a reaction to the vaccine or the additives used when bathing.

A child without a vaccine is completely unprotected, so parents need to take this into account. Of course, it will not be possible to protect a child from all infections, but from such a terrible disease as diphtheria, it is quite possible.

Author: Galaktionova Svetlana

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