Nebulizer application algorithm

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Algorithm for using an inhaler.

1. Introduce yourself to the patient, explain the process and purpose of the procedure. Make sure that the patient has informed consent for the upcoming procedure of administering the drug and is not allergic to this drug.

Table of contents:

2. Check the name and expiration date of the medicine.

4. Demonstrate the procedure to the patient using an inhalation canister without medication.

5. Make the patient sit.

6. Remove the protective cap from the mouthpiece of the can.

7. Turn the aerosol can upside down.

8. Shake the can.

9. Take a calm, deep breath.

10. Cover the mouthpiece tightly with your lips.

11. Take a deep breath and, at the same time as you inhale, press the bottom of the can.

12. Hold your breath for seconds (hold your breath for a count of 10 without removing the mouthpiece from your mouth).

13. Remove the mouthpiece from the mouth.

14. Exhale calmly.

15. Rinse your mouth with boiled water.

16. Close the inhaler with the protective cap.

17. Wash your hands.

18. Make an appropriate entry about the procedure performed in the medical document.

Technology for performing a simple medical service

(an auxiliary device that facilitates the inhalation technique and increases the amount of medicine entering the bronchi)

1. Medicinal (facilitates the use of the inhaler, especially in childhood and old age)

2. Prevention of complications during treatment with ICS (cavity candidiasis)

Indications: Respiratory diseases (BA, COB, bronchospastic syndrome) as prescribed by a doctor.

1. Inhaler (salbutamol, berodual, ICS).

2. Spacer (or inhaler with a built-in spacer)

Algorithm for using a spacer.

1. Introduce yourself to the patient, explain the process and purpose of the procedure. Make sure that the patient has informed consent for the upcoming procedure.

1. Offer/help the patient take a position: standing or sitting with his head slightly thrown back.

3. Shake the inhaler vigorously.

4.Keeping the inhaler in an upright position, remove the protective cap.

5. Place the spacer tightly onto the mouthpiece of the inhaler.

6. Take a deep breath.

7. Cover the mouthpiece of the spacer tightly with your lips.

8. Press the bottom of the inhaler and then take several calm breaths.

10. Disconnect the spacer from the inhaler.

11. Place the protective cap on the mouthpiece of the inhaler.

12. Wash the spacer in a soapy solution and then with boiled water.

Technology for performing a simple medical service

APPLICATION OF MEDICINES THROUGH A NEBULIZER

Indications: Respiratory diseases (BA, COPD, bronchospastic syndrome, acute bronchitis, pneumonia) as prescribed by a doctor.

2. Medicine (salbutamol, berodual, lazolvan, flixotide, etc.).

Algorithm for using medications through a nebulizer.

1. Introduce yourself to the patient, explain the process and purpose of the procedure. Make sure that the patient has informed consent for the upcoming procedure.

2. Check the name and expiration date of the medicine.

3. Offer/help the patient take a sitting position, leaning back in a chair (in a comfortable position).

5. Prepare the nebulizer for inhalation (connect to mains power, pour the dose of medicine prescribed by the doctor into the reservoir, attach the desired inhalation nozzle)

6. Invite the patient to put the mouthpiece in his mouth (or put on an inhalation mask).

7. Turn on the nebulizer and offer the patient to breathe calmly using a mouthpiece or mask.

8. Turn off the nebulizer from the network.

9. Remove the mouthpiece from the mouth.

10. Treat the nebulizer parts in accordance with the requirements of Sanitary Epidemiology. regime

Note: A nebulizer is a device for administering medications to the upper and lower respiratory tract in the form of a stream of finely dispersed mixture containing a medicinal solution.

Technology for performing a simple medical service

1. Assessment of the severity of asthma, COB.

2. Prediction of exacerbations of bronchial asthma

3. Determination of reversibility of bronchial obstruction

4. Evaluation of treatment effectiveness

Indications: Respiratory diseases: asthma, COB.

2. Table of age norms of PEF for men and women

3. Self-control diary.

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Source: http://poisk-ru.ru/s50258t4.html

Algorithm for using a spacer

1. Introduce yourself to the patient, explain the process and purpose of the procedure. Make sure that the patient has informed consent for the upcoming procedure.

1. Offer/help the patient take a position: standing or sitting with his head slightly thrown back.

3. Shake the inhaler vigorously.

4.Keeping the inhaler in an upright position, remove the protective cap.

5. Place the spacer tightly onto the mouthpiece of the inhaler.

6. Take a deep breath.

7. Cover the mouthpiece of the spacer tightly with your lips.

8. Press the bottom of the inhaler and then take several calm breaths.

10. Disconnect the spacer from the inhaler.

11. Place the protective cap on the mouthpiece of the inhaler.

12. Wash the spacer in a soapy solution and then with boiled water.

Technology for performing a simple medical service

APPLICATION OF MEDICINES THROUGH A NEBULIZER

Indications: Respiratory diseases (BA, COPD, bronchospastic syndrome, acute bronchitis, pneumonia) as prescribed by a doctor.

2. Medicine (salbutamol, berodual, lazolvan, flixotide, etc.).

Algorithm for using medications through a nebulizer.

1. Introduce yourself to the patient, explain the process and purpose of the procedure. Make sure that the patient has informed consent for the upcoming procedure.

2. Check the name and expiration date of the medicine.

3. Offer/help the patient take a sitting position, leaning back in a chair (in a comfortable position).

5. Prepare the nebulizer for inhalation (connect to mains power, pour the dose of medicine prescribed by the doctor into the reservoir, attach the desired inhalation nozzle)

6. Invite the patient to put the mouthpiece in his mouth (or put on an inhalation mask).

7. Turn on the nebulizer and offer the patient to breathe calmly using a mouthpiece or mask.

8. Turn off the nebulizer from the network.

9. Remove the mouthpiece from the mouth.

10. Treat the nebulizer parts in accordance with the requirements of Sanitary Epidemiology. regime

Note: A nebulizer is a device for administering medications to the upper and lower respiratory tract in the form of a stream of finely dispersed mixture containing a medicinal solution.

Technology for performing a simple medical service

1. Assessment of the severity of asthma, COB.

2. Prediction of exacerbations of bronchial asthma

3. Determination of reversibility of bronchial obstruction

4. Evaluation of treatment effectiveness

Indications: Respiratory diseases: asthma, COB.

2. Table of age norms of PEF for men and women

3. Self-control diary.

Algorithm for performing peak flowmetry.

1. Inform the patient that the test is carried out in the morning and evening before taking medications.

2. Introduce yourself to the patient, explain the process and purpose of the procedure. Make sure that the patient has informed consent for the upcoming procedure.

3. Offer/help the patient take a position: standing or sitting.

5. Move the peak flow meter needle to the beginning of the scale.

7. Invite the patient to take the peak flow meter, so as not to cover the gap where the arrow moves with your fingers.

8. 7. Invite the patient to first exhale calmly and slowly, and then take a deep breath.

9. 8. Invite the patient to tightly clasp the mouthpiece with his lips, holding the peak flow meter horizontally, and exhale sharply (as far as possible).

10. 9. Rate the result on a scale - this is the number that the arrow points to.

11. 10. Invite the patient to repeat the procedure two more times.

12. III End of procedure:

13. 11. Select the highest score from three attempts and enter it into the

14. self-control diary.

15. 12. Treat the mouthpiece of the device in accordance with the rules of Sanitary Epidemiology. mode.

Technology for performing a simple medical service

INTRODUCTION OF RECTAL SUPPORTS

1. Providing a local effect on the rectal mucosa.

2. Providing a general (resorptive) effect on the body.

1. Diseases of the rectum, anus.

2. Uncontrollable vomiting.

3. The patient’s categorical refusal to take medications by mouth.

4. Swallowing problems.

Contraindications: Intolerance to the drug.

Source: http://allrefrs.ru/.html

Nebulizer therapy

Patient's Guide. You can learn about what a nebulizer is, what diseases can be treated with its help, how to carry out inhalation correctly, how to choose a nebulizer, and much more about the modern method of inhalation therapy from this article.

NEBULISER THERAPY IS MODERN AND SAFE.

In the treatment of respiratory diseases, the most effective and modern method is inhalation therapy. Inhalation of medications through a nebulizer is one of the most reliable and simplest treatment methods. The use of nebulizers in the treatment of respiratory diseases is gaining increasing recognition among doctors and patients.

To make the medicine easier to penetrate into the respiratory tract, it should be converted into an aerosol. A nebulizer is a chamber in which a medicinal solution is sprayed into an aerosol and delivered into the patient’s respiratory tract. The healing aerosol is created due to certain forces. Such forces can be air flow (compressor nebulizers) or ultrasonic vibrations of the membrane (ultrasonic nebulizers).

The modern approach to the treatment of respiratory diseases involves delivering drugs directly to the respiratory tract through the widespread use of inhaled forms of drugs. The capabilities of the nebulizer have dramatically expanded the scope of inhalation therapy. Now it has become available to patients of all ages (from infancy to old age). It can be performed during periods of exacerbation of chronic diseases (primarily bronchial asthma), in situations where the patient has a significantly reduced inhalation rate (young children, postoperative patients, patients with severe somatic diseases) both at home and in a hospital setting.

Nebulizer therapy has advantages over other types of inhalation therapy:

  • It can be used at any age, since the patient is not required to adjust his breathing to the operation of the device and at the same time perform any actions, for example, pressing the canister, holding the inhaler, etc., which is especially important in young children.
  • The absence of the need to take a strong breath allows the use of nebulizer therapy in cases of severe attacks of bronchial asthma, as well as in elderly patients.
  • Nebulizer therapy allows the use of drugs in effective doses without side effects.
  • This therapy provides a continuous and rapid supply of medication using a compressor.
  • It is the safest method of inhalation therapy, since it does not use, unlike metered-dose aerosol inhalers, propellants (solvents or carrier gases).
  • This is a modern and comfortable method of treating bronchopulmonary diseases in children and adults.

What diseases can be treated with a nebulizer?

The drug sprayed by an inhaler begins to act almost immediately, which makes it possible to use nebulizers, first of all, for the treatment of diseases that require immediate intervention - asthma, allergies.

(primarily, nebulizers are used to treat diseases that require immediate intervention - asthma, allergies).

Another group of diseases for which inhalations are simply necessary are chronic inflammatory processes of the respiratory tract, such as chronic rhinitis, chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, chronic broncho-obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, etc.

But their scope of application is not limited to this. They are good for the treatment of acute respiratory diseases, laryngitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, fungal infections of the upper respiratory tract, and the immune system.

Inhalers help with occupational diseases of singers, teachers, miners, and chemists.

In what cases is a nebulizer needed at home:

  • In a family where there is a child who is susceptible to frequent colds, bronchitis (including those occurring with broncho-obstructive syndrome), for the complex treatment of cough with difficult to separate sputum, treatment of stenosis.
  • Families with patients with chronic or often recurrent bronchopulmonary diseases (bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis).

What medications can be used in a nebulizer.

For nebulizer therapy, there are special solutions of drugs that are produced in bottles or plastic containers - nebulas. The volume of the medicine together with the solvent for one inhalation is 2-5 ml. Calculation of the required amount of medication depends on the age of the patient. First, 2 ml of saline solution is poured into the nebulizer, then the required number of drops of medicine is added. Distilled water should not be used as a solvent, as it can provoke bronchospasm, which will lead to coughing and difficulty breathing during the procedure. Pharmacy packaging with medications is stored in the refrigerator (unless otherwise indicated) closed. After the pharmaceutical package has been opened, the drug must be used within two weeks. It is advisable to write down the date on which you started using the drug on the bottle. Before use, the medicine must be warmed to room temperature.

For nebulizer therapy the following can be used:

  1. mucolytics and mucoregulators (drugs for thinning sputum and improving expectoration): Ambrohexal, Lazolvan, Ambrobene, Fluimucil;
  2. bronchodilators (drugs that dilate the bronchi): Berodual, Ventolin, Berotek, Salamol.
  3. glucocorticoids (hormonal drugs with multilateral effects, primarily anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous): Pulmicort (suspension for nebulizers);
  4. cromones (antiallergic drugs, mast cell membrane stabilizers): Cromohexal Nebula;
  5. antibiotics: Fluimucil antibiotic;
  6. alkaline and saline solutions: 0.9% saline solution, Borjomi mineral water

Your attending physician should prescribe the drug and tell you about the rules for its use. He must also monitor the effectiveness of treatment.

Not recommended for use with nebulizers:

all solutions containing oils, suspensions and solutions containing suspended particles, including decoctions and infusions of herbs, as well as solutions of aminophylline, papaverine, platiphylline, diphenhydramine and the like, as not having points of application on the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract.

What side effects are possible with nebulizer therapy?

When breathing deeply, symptoms of hyperventilation (dizziness, nausea, cough) may appear. It is necessary to stop inhalation, breathe through your nose and calm down. After the symptoms of hyperventilation disappear, inhalation through a nebulizer can be continued.

During inhalation, as a reaction to the administration of the sprayed solution, coughing may occur. In this case, it is also recommended to stop inhalation for a few minutes.

Inhalation technique using a nebulizer

  • Before handling your inhaler, you should (always) carefully
  • wash your hands with soap, because... there may be pathogenic microbes on the skin.
  • Assemble all parts of the nebulizer according to the instructions
  • Pour the required amount of medicinal substance into the nebulizer cup, preheating it to room temperature.
  • Close the nebulizer and attach the face mask, mouthpiece or nasal cannula.
  • Connect the nebulizer and compressor using a hose.
  • Turn on the compressor and inhale for 7-10 minutes or until the solution is completely consumed.
  • Turn off the compressor, disconnect the nebulizer and disassemble it.
  • Wash all parts of the nebulizer with hot water or 15% baking soda solution. Brushes and squeegees should not be used.
  • Sterilize the disassembled nebulizer in a steam sterilization device, such as a thermal disinfector (steam sterilizer) designed for treating baby bottles. Sterilization by boiling for at least 10 minutes is also possible. Disinfection must be carried out once a week.
  • The thoroughly cleaned and dried nebulizer should be stored in a clean napkin or towel.

Basic rules for inhalation

  • Inhalations are carried out no earlier than 1-1.5 hours after eating or significant physical activity.
  • During the course of inhalation treatment, doctors prohibit smoking. In exceptional cases, before and after inhalation, it is recommended to stop smoking for an hour.
  • Inhalations should be taken in a calm state, without being distracted by reading or talking.
  • Clothing should not restrict the neck or make breathing difficult.
  • For diseases of the nasal tract, inhalation and exhalation must be done through the nose (nasal inhalation), breathing calmly, without tension.
  • For diseases of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, it is recommended to inhale the aerosol through the mouth (oral inhalation), breathing deeply and evenly. After taking a deep breath through your mouth, you should hold your breath for 2 seconds, and then exhale completely through your nose; in this case, the aerosol from the oral cavity enters further into the pharynx, larynx and further into the deeper parts of the respiratory tract.
  • Frequent deep breathing can cause dizziness, so periodically it is necessary to interrupt inhalation for a short time.
  • Before the procedure, you do not need to take expectorants or rinse your mouth with antiseptic solutions (potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, boric acid).
  • After any inhalation, and especially after inhalation of a hormonal drug, it is necessary to rinse your mouth with boiled water at room temperature (a small child can be given drink and food); if using a mask, rinse your eyes and face with water.
  • The duration of one inhalation should not exceed 7-10 minutes. Course of treatment with aerosol inhalations - from 6-8 to 15 procedures

What types of nebulizers are there?

Currently, three main types of inhalers are used in medical practice: steam, ultrasonic and compressor.

The action of steam inhalers is based on the effect of evaporation of the medicinal substance. It is clear that only volatile solutions (essential oils) can be used in them. The biggest disadvantage of steam inhalers is the low concentration of the inhaled substance, usually less than the threshold for therapeutic effects, as well as the inability to accurately dose the drug at home.

Ultrasonic and compressor are combined by the term “nebulizers” (from the Latin word “nebula” - fog, cloud); they generate not vapor, but an aerosol cloud consisting of microparticles of the inhaled solution. A nebulizer allows you to administer pure medications to all respiratory organs (nose, bronchi, lungs), without any impurities. The dispersion of aerosols produced by most nebulizers ranges from 0.5 to 10 microns. Particles with a diameter of 8-10 microns settle in the oral cavity and trachea, with a diameter from 5 to 8 microns - in the trachea and upper respiratory tract, from 3 to 5 microns - in the lower respiratory tract, from 1 to 3 microns - in bronchioles, from 0. 5 to 2 microns – in the alveoli. Particles smaller than 5 microns are called the “respirable fraction” and have the maximum therapeutic effect.

Ultrasonic nebulizers spray the solution with high-frequency (ultrasonic) vibrations of the membrane. They are compact, silent, and do not require replacement of nebulization chambers. The percentage of aerosol that reaches the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract exceeds 90%, and the average size of aerosol particles is 4-5 microns. Thanks to this, the required drug in the form of an aerosol in high concentration reaches the small bronchi and bronchioles.

The choice of ultrasonic nebulizers is more preferable in cases where the area of ​​action of the drug is small bronchi, and the drug is in the form of a saline solution. However, a number of drugs, such as antibiotics, hormonal drugs, mucolytics (thinning sputum), can be destroyed under the influence of ultrasound. These drugs are not recommended for use in ultrasonic nebulizers.

Compressor nebulizers form an aerosol cloud by forcing a powerful air stream pumped by a compressor through a narrow opening in a chamber containing a medicinal solution. The principle of using compressed air in compressor nebulizers is the “gold standard” of inhalation therapy. The main advantage of compressor nebulizers is their versatility and relative cheapness, they are more accessible and can spray almost any solution intended for inhalation.

Compressor nebulizers have several types of chambers:

  • Русский
  • convection chambers with constant aerosol output;
  • breath-activated cameras;
  • breath-activated chambers with flow interrupter valve.

When inhaling medicinal substances through a nebulizer, it is necessary to take into account some features:

  • Русский
  • the optimal filling volume of the nebulizer chamber is at least 5 ml;
  • to reduce the loss of the drug at the end of inhalation, you can add 1 ml of saline solution to the chamber, after which, shaking the nebulizer chamber, continue inhalation;
  • When using inexpensive and accessible drugs, all types of nebulizers can be used, but when using more expensive drugs, the greatest effectiveness of inhalation therapy is provided by nebulizers activated by the patient's inspiration and equipped with a flow interrupter valve during the exhalation phase. These devices are especially effective in the treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases.

How to choose a nebulizer?

When treated with a nebulizer, the medicine is delivered to the respiratory tract. This particular treatment is intended for those who have a disease affecting the respiratory tract (rhinitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc.). In addition, sometimes the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract is used to introduce drugs into the human body. The surface of the bronchial tree is very large, and many drugs, such as insulin, are actively absorbed through it.

The choice of inhaler depends on the disease you are going to treat and your financial capabilities.

In Russia, nebulizer manufacturers from Germany, Japan, and Italy represent their products on the medical equipment market. Unfortunately, there are no domestic manufacturers of compressor nebulizers yet. Detailed information about the technical characteristics of certain types of nebulizers can be obtained from Russian companies that sell them. When choosing a nebulizer, the requirements for the nebulizer and compressor are taken into account. For a compressor, the important factors are size, weight, operating noise, and ease of use. In all these parameters they differ slightly. But it should be noted that nebulizers from PARI GmbH (Germany) are distinguished by traditionally high German quality, exceptional efficiency and long service life. They ensure maximum deposition of medications in the respiratory tract due to optimal aerosol dispersion.

Perhaps the main attention should be paid to the type of sprayer. Nebulizers equipped with a direct-flow nebulizer make sense to use in young children, since they do not have enough inspiratory force to activate the valves (and thus save medicine). For inhalation, children under 3 years of age should use a children's mask. Adults can also use this type of sprayer, because... It is initially equipped with a mouthpiece.

Breath-activated nebulizers have inhalation and exhalation valves that are activated alternately throughout the act of breathing. When using them, less aerosol is formed on exhalation, resulting in significant savings in medication.

There are also nebulizers that have a nebulizer equipped with a tee tube (aerosol flow interrupter), which allows you to regulate the formation of aerosol only during inhalation by blocking the side opening of the tee.

Various types of attachments are used with the nebulizer: mouthpieces, nasal cannulas (tubes), masks in adult and child sizes.

  • Mouthpieces (adults and children) are optimal for delivering medications deep into the lungs; they are used for inhalation by adult patients, as well as children over 5 years old.
  • Masks are convenient for treating the upper respiratory tract and allow you to irrigate all parts of the nasal cavity, pharynx, as well as the larynx and trachea. When using a mask, most of the aerosols settle in the upper respiratory tract. Masks are needed when using nebulizer therapy in children under 3 years of age, since it is impossible to carry out inhalations in such patients through a mouthpiece - children breathe mainly through the nose (this is due to the anatomy of the child’s body). It is necessary to use a mask of the appropriate size. Using a tight-fitting mask reduces aerosol loss in young children. If the child is over 5 years old, it is better to use a mouthpiece rather than a mask.
  • Nasal cannulas (tubes) are needed to deliver a medicinal aerosol into the nasal cavity. They can be used in the complex treatment of acute and chronic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis

Buying a nebulizer for yourself and your loved ones is the right and reasonable decision. You have acquired a reliable assistant and friend

Source: http://www.allergodom.ru/articles/art34/

Technique for using a nebulizer

Nebulizer therapy is carried out using a special device, consisting of the nebulizer itself and a compressor, creating a flow of particles 2-5 microns in size at a speed of at least 4 l/min.

The word "nebulizer" comes from the Latin word nebula, which means mist.

Nebulizer is a device for converting liquid into an aerosol with particularly fine particles capable of penetrating primarily into the peripheral

This process is carried out under the influence of compressed air through a compressor

(compressor nebulizer) or under the influence of ultrasound (ultrasonic nebulizer).

Nebulizer therapy, creating high concentrations of the drug in

lungs, does not require coordination of inhalation with the act of inhalation.

It is effective and safe.

 delivery of a therapeutic dose of the drug in aerosol form directly into the patient’s bronchi

 obtaining the effect in a short period of time (5-10 minutes).

 atrophic diseases of the nose, nasopharynx,

 tuberculous lesions of the upper respiratory tract.

 extensive destruction of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract,

 bleeding and tendency to it,

 circulatory failure of 1-2 degrees,

 general exhaustion of the body,

 individual intolerance to certain aerosols.

Preparation for the procedure:

Wash and dry your hands and put on gloves

· Pour liquid from a nebula (a special container with a drug) or drip a solution from a bottle (single dose of the drug);

· Add saline solution to the required volume of 2-3 ml (according to the instructions for the nebulizer);

· Assemble the nebulizer and check its operation

· Attach a mouthpiece or face mask;

· Explain to the child/relatives the process and essence of the manipulation, obtain consent

· Place the child in a comfortable position in front of the device or lay it down

· Connect the nebulizer and compressor, turn on the compressor;

· Perform inhalation until the solution is completely consumed (20–30 minutes, if necessary with a break of 5–10 minutes)

· Rinse the child’s mouth with warm boiled water, ensure rest, recommend refraining from coughing and not talking for 20–30 minutes

· Disassemble and process the nebulizer

Wash and dry your hands

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Source: http://medlec.org/lek.html

Technique and algorithm for using a pocket inhaler

Rules for using a pocket inhaler are needed for the most effective use of dosed medications for chronic respiratory diseases (most often bronchial asthma). Pocket inhalation products are intended for patients with chronic respiratory diseases who are at risk of sudden airway spasms and must use fast-acting aerosol bronchodilators.

Since a metered dose inhaler is an “ambulance” device, the required dose of the drug that will enter the respiratory tract and have a bronchodilator effect depends on the technique of its use.

Algorithm for using the inhaler:

  1. 1. shake the inhaler;
  2. 2. remove the protective cap;
  3. 3. take a deep breath;
  4. 4. insert the mouthpiece into the mouth;
  5. 5. Having started to inhale, press the can;
  6. 6. After making sure that the medicinal substance has entered the mouth, continue taking a slow, deep breath;
  7. 7. hold your breath;
  8. 8. Having taken out the can, exhale through your nose;
  9. 9. close the inhaler with the mouthpiece.

A mandatory requirement for the inhalation technique is to inhale simultaneously while pressing the canister, otherwise a significant part of the aerosol substance will dissipate into the surrounding air, bypassing the respiratory tract.

As practice shows, errors in the use of inhalation devices are made by more than half of patients, of which the majority of errors are observed in people over 50 years of age.

To make using the inhaler easier, there are spacers - special attachments in the form of a reservoir for an aerosol substance. With their help, even small children can perform inhalations (in this case, a face mask is put on the mouthpiece).

When a person is unable to use an inhaler due to childhood or old age, serious condition or impaired brain function, it is advisable to use nebulizers - electric inhalation devices. Their feature is the spraying of a medicinal solution under pressure and its delivery to the farthest parts of the respiratory tract, which is indispensable during severe exacerbations of the disease, when it is impossible to take a deep breath and hold your breath. Depending on the spraying method, there are several types of nebulizers:

Patients are usually recommended to purchase compressor nebulizers because they are durable and do not cause the destruction of inhaled drugs.

Improper use of pocket inhalers in some cases can lead to an overdose of the drug. More than 10 breaths per day can lead to a toxic effect on the cardiovascular system: the pulse accelerates, slight tremors appear in the hands, shortness of breath becomes a consequence of cardiac dysfunction, and further attempts to get rid of it by repeated use of a bronchodilator only aggravate the patient’s condition, in severe cases complications may occur in the form of arrhythmia or heart attack.

Metered-dose inhalation devices should not be used without first consulting a doctor and in the wrong hands they will do more harm than good. The use of bronchodilators in children, inconsistent with the doctor, is especially unacceptable, since the child’s fragile circulatory organs are most sensitive to their side effects.

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Algorithm for using a nebulizer

For intensive treatment of respiratory tract diseases, inhalations are used - procedures for inhaling medicinal substances. Modern devices - nebulizers (from the Latin word nebula - fog) are designed for convenience and increasing the efficiency of this process. There are several types of devices, differing in the method of creating a particle cloud and the design of the system. The inhalation algorithm will tell you how to carry out the procedure correctly.

Types of nebulizers

There are three following types of inhalers - nebulizers, differing in the design of the inhalation system and the principle of its operation.

  • Compressor.
  • Ultrasonic.
  • Mesh, including a vibrating membrane - mesh.

The first type of device consists of a main part and a compressor, which generates a flow of particles from 2 to 5 micrometers. They rush into the respiratory system at a speed of 4 l/min. The composition, converted into an aerosol, penetrates the bronchi through compressed air produced by a compressor.

In the second type of device, spraying is carried out by ultrasound, and in the third - by a vibrating mesh. Inhalations through an ultrasonic nebulizer are carried out using a limited number of drugs, since some of them are destroyed by these frequencies. A vibrating mesh does not give such an effect, so mesh nebulizers use any substances: antibiotics, hormonal agents, and others.

Important! Inhalation using a nebulizer is not only an effective, but also a safe method of treating the respiratory tract.

Purposes of inhalation use, indications and contraindications

Improving inhalations are indicated for both children and adults. The following goals are pursued:

  • delivery of the drug to the respiratory system: to the nasopharynx, throat, bronchi;
  • achieving the effect in a short period of 5 to 10 minutes.

The procedure is prescribed to the patient for the following diseases.

  • Rhinitis.
  • Atrophy of areas of the nose and nasopharynx.
  • Angina.
  • Pneumonia (pneumonia).
  • Laryngitis.
  • Bronchitis.
  • Tracheitis.
  • Bronchial asthma.
  • Tuberculosis.

There are also a number of the following contraindications.

  • Significant destruction of mucous membranes in the respiratory tract.
  • Presence of bleeding or prerequisites for it (tendencies).
  • Insufficiency of kidney function and blood circulation of 1, 2 degrees.
  • Exhaustion.
  • Allergy is personal intolerance to drugs.

Algorithm for using a nebulizer

The process of working with a nebulizer consists of several stages: preparatory, direct use of the nebulizer and the end of the procedure.

Preparation includes the following steps.

  • Wash and dry your hands and put on gloves.
  • Open the device.
  • Pour the medicine from the container (nebula) or drip the required dose from the container.
  • Supplement the volume required according to the instructions with saline solution.
  • Assembling the device and checking operation.
  • Attaching a mouthpiece or mask.
Further rules for using the nebulizer during the procedure are as follows.
  • Obtaining consent from patients, both adults and children. It is necessary to explain to the relative the essence of the procedure and the procedure for its implementation.
  • Give a comfortable position. The child must be seated or laid down in front of the device.
  • The technique depends on the design of the device. Connect the nebulizer and compressor, turning on the latter.
  • Inhalations with a nebulizer are performed until the drug is completely consumed. This is a period of up to 30 minutes, during which the operation of the device can be interrupted for 5 or 10 minutes.

The final stage provides the following rules for using the device, the work of which is completed.

  • Disassemble the device and clean its parts. Wash the mouthpiece, glass, mask.
  • Wash your hands again.

Inhalation algorithm

The use of a nebulizer in relation to a patient also consists of three main stages: preparatory, direct manipulation of the inhaler and final steps.

  • Checking the cleanliness of the device, sterilization measures before use.
  • Preparing medications and filling the nebulizer with them. If you need to dilute the medicine, use a 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Attention! It should not be dissolved with mineral or distilled water. The drug is removed from the ampoule using a disposable or sterile syringe, then mixed with saline and poured into a glass.
  • Final assembly of the device, ready for use. You need to check the air filter by connecting the tubes. The glass with the prepared liquid must be connected to the inhaler tube.
  • Patient preparation: posture, explanation of the inhalation process, training in the breathing process during the procedure, if it is performed for the first time. A face mask suitable in size for an adult patient or child is put on. In the first case, it is better to use a mouthpiece to minimize the loss of medications.

Important! The child often prefers to perform inhalation in his hands, and it is recommended to entertain him and improve his mood.

2. The following rules comply with the procedure.

  • We begin to use the device by turning it on. Hold the glass level so that the drug does not spill out. The electronic mesh inhaler can be tilted 45 degrees, allowing patients to lie down.
  • The average execution time is 10 minutes. When the steam from the cup stops, inhalation can be considered complete.
  • If discomfort occurs, the procedure should not be carried out, at least postponing it for a while.
  • The parts of the device should be washed.
  • It is recommended that the child rinse his mouth with warm water. Also, do not talk for half an hour and try not to cough. Rinsing the mouth is also done in cases where a hormonal drug was used.
  • Avoid smoking and eating for an hour after the procedure.

Attention! Inhalation is performed 1.5 hours after eating to avoid vomiting as a reaction to some compounds. The dose and medicine is taken as prescribed by the doctor.

The inhalation technique requires virtually no additional training. After all, the designers of the devices sought to make the healing process as easy as possible. Nebulizers are easy to use. But when using the above method, it is important to follow the dosage rule and take care of the device to prevent the entry of microbes during inhalation.

Source: http://ingalyatsii.ru/instrukcii/algoritm-ispolzovaniya-nebulajzera.html

6. Technique for using a nebulizer.

Nebulizer therapy is carried out using a special device, consisting of the nebulizer itself and a compressor, creating a flow of particles 2-5 microns in size at a speed of at least 4 l/min.

The word "nebulizer" comes from the Latin word nebula, which means mist.

Nebulizer is a device for converting liquid into an aerosol with particularly fine particles capable of penetrating primarily into the peripheral

This process is carried out under the influence of compressed air through a compressor

(compressor nebulizer) or under the influence of ultrasound (ultrasonic nebulizer).

Nebulizer therapy, creating high concentrations of the drug in

lungs, does not require coordination of inhalation with the act of inhalation.

It is effective and safe.

 delivery of a therapeutic dose of the drug in aerosol form directly into the patient’s bronchi

 obtaining the effect in a short period of time (5-10 minutes).

 atrophic diseases of the nose, nasopharynx,

 tuberculous lesions of the upper respiratory tract.

 extensive destruction of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract,

 bleeding and tendency to it,

 circulatory failure of 1-2 degrees,

 general exhaustion of the body,

 individual intolerance to certain aerosols.

Preparation for the procedure:

Wash and dry your hands and put on gloves

Pour liquid from a nebula (a special container with a drug) or drip a solution from a bottle (single dose of the drug);

Add saline solution to the required volume of 2-3 ml (according to the instructions for the nebulizer);

Assemble the nebulizer and check its operation

Attach mouthpiece or face mask;

Explain to the child/relatives the process and essence of the manipulation, obtain consent

Place the child in a comfortable position in front of the device or lay

Connect the nebulizer and compressor, turn on the compressor;

Perform inhalation until the solution is completely consumed (20–30 minutes, if necessary, with a break of 5–10 minutes)

Rinse the child’s mouth with warm boiled water, provide rest, recommend refraining from coughing and not talking for 20-30 minutes.

Disassemble and process the nebulizer

Wash and dry your hands

7. Features of introducing drops into the nose, eyes, ear.

1.Position of the child

The head is slightly thrown back and turned towards the direction of instillation.

The head is slightly thrown back.

Lying, (sitting), sore ear on top.

Left hand behind the forehead.

Pull back the lower eyelid with your left hand

(a separate ball for each eye), with your right hand, use the edge of your palm to fix your head. Pipette der-

press at an angle of 400

Use your left hand to pull back the auricle (for children under 2

years downwards and backwards,

older - up and

Along the outer wall, press the wing of the nose to the septum.

closer to the inner corner of the eye with

distances no more than 2 cm.

Along the outer wall, press the tragus.

5-6 (preheated to

5.Fixation of the position after instillation.

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How to use a nebulizer

A nebulizer is a special device that helps transform a liquid medicinal substance into a therapeutic aerosol.

The following types of nebulizers are used for medicinal purposes:

The most affordable are compressor inhalers, and they also allow you to inhale almost all medications. Membrane nebulizers are the latest generation, but few patients can purchase them due to their high cost. The disadvantage of ultrasonic nebulizers is the fact that not all medications are suitable for these nebulizers. In addition, they are more often used in medical institutions. We talk about all types of nebulizers and their features in this article.

Scope of application of nebulizers

The inhalation method of drug administration is in no way inferior to other methods of administration, such as intravenous or intramuscular. And the effectiveness of treatment is many times greater than the standard approach. I think everyone will agree that in case of respiratory diseases it is much more logical and more natural to act on the respiratory tract directly than through intramuscular or oral administration of the drug. Based on this, it is not difficult to guess that nebulizers are designed to treat diseases of the respiratory system. And there are not so few of them: any ARVI, bronchial asthma, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc. The medicine is delivered to the site of infection and exerts its therapeutic effect, while it is not absorbed into the blood and does not have unnecessary side effects.

How does a nebulizer work?

The inhaler includes the following components:

  • compressor;
  • a special glass (medicine is poured into it);
  • face mask or mouthpiece;
  • connecting tubes.

A therapeutic aerosol is formed when medicine and air pass under high pressure through a special chamber or using ultrasound.

Algorithm for working with a nebulizer

Before starting inhalation, be sure to wash your hands with soap.

  1. Assemble the device. Connect all tubes, check the air filter.
  2. Prepare the necessary drug. For inhalation, it is better to use drugs in special nebulas for each application. If the drug needs to be diluted, use only 0.9% sodium chloride solution! No other solvent can be used, much less a homemade one (mineral, distilled water). The drug is taken from the ampoule with a sterile syringe, then diluted to a volume of 4 ml with saline solution and poured into a glass.
  3. A glass with the finished medicine is attached to the device tube. A face mask according to size (adult or child) is put on top. It is preferable for an adult to use a mouthpiece, since there will be less loss of the drug suspension. It is better to hold a small child in your arms, putting a mask to his face, and entertain him so that he is not afraid of the procedure.
  4. Start inhaling. To do this, turn on the device, hold the cup strictly vertically so as not to spill the medicine. Inhalation takes on average 10 minutes. The signal to stop inhalation will be the absence of steam from the cup (this means that the medicine has simply run out).
  5. After each inhalation, you need to rinse the cup, mask and mouthpiece with boiled water and dry. If inhalation with hormonal drugs was carried out, then it is necessary to rinse the oral cavity with boiled water.
  6. Inhalation must be carried out 1.5 hours after eating, because in some cases vomiting is possible, especially with alkaline solutions.
  7. It is necessary to use only those medications prescribed by a doctor and in appropriate dosages. Don't self-medicate!
  8. Immediately after inhalation you should not smoke or eat; it is better to postpone everything for an hour.
  9. If you experience discomfort, it is better to stop inhalation for a while and then continue.

Features of using a nebulizer in children

Children, especially young ones, have a fear of manipulation. Compressor inhalers create a pronounced noise, which is very frightening for young patients. The developers of the device met them by making the inhaler in the form of a bright toy - a train, a penguin, etc. Before starting work, it is very important to let the child hold the “toy” in his hands and get to know it. Don’t despair if the inhalation doesn’t work out the first time; over time, the child will get used to it and stop being afraid. It’s not a bad idea to turn on a cartoon for him during inhalation. It is very important to ensure that the child does not cry during inhalation, because he breathes shallowly and the drug does not penetrate into the lungs in sufficient volume. It is urgent to call an ambulance if the following symptoms appear:

  • there was sudden pain in the chest;
  • sudden attack of suffocation;
  • severe dizziness or loss of consciousness after inhalation.

In conclusion, I would like to note that nebulizers are very convenient and easy to use and, if the basic rules of operation are followed, do not lead to any undesirable effects.

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Commentary “How to use a nebulizer”

Boris

I don't have a comment, but a question.

My daughter has bronchitis. And she bears the child.

The article says that: “The medicine (when using a nebulizer) is delivered to the site of infection and exerts its therapeutic effect, while it is not absorbed into the blood and does not have unnecessary side effects.”

Does it follow from this that the use of a nebulizer in the treatment of bronchitis is absolutely harmless for pregnant women, no matter what drugs (antibiotics, herbal infusions, etc.) she uses for inhalation.

Source: http://otolaryngologist.ru/911

Rules for therapy using nebulizers

Inhalation administration of drugs is one of the optimal ways of delivering drugs to the lungs for respiratory diseases. At the same time, the required dose of the drug is significantly reduced, it does not undergo changes in the liver, and does not affect other organs through the blood, which increases its safety and improves the effect.

In some cases, inhalation can only be carried out using a special device - a nebulizer. Another type of inhaler is steam, which is used to treat diseases of the nasopharynx, larynx, and trachea.

What is a nebulizer

This device was invented more than 100 years ago. Its function was to transform liquid medicine into an aerosol stream. Since then, the fundamental purpose of the device has not changed: from a drug solution it forms an aerosol - a “fog” consisting of small particles that easily penetrates the respiratory tract.

Modern nebulizers are portable devices that allow inhalation in the hospital and at home.

The instructions for the device tell you what size particles it produces. To change the particle size, you can use the included attachments.

So, microspheres with a diameter of 0.5-2 microns penetrate the alveoli and are used to treat pneumonia. A diameter of 1-3 microns is ideal for the treatment of bronchial asthma. Particles of 3-5 microns act at the level of the trachea and large bronchi, 5-8 microns - at the level of the larynx and nasopharynx, and larger particles settle in the oral cavity.

The most effective inhalers are ultrasonic; the medicinal aerosol in them is formed under the influence of ultrasonic waves. However, these waves destroy large molecules of antibiotics, hormones, and cough suppressants.

The compression nebulizer does not disrupt the structure of the drug. It is especially convenient for children to use. These devices are often produced in the form of toys, so the child can easily endure the procedure of breathing aerosol through a special mask. Compression nebulizers can be used even in newborns, not to mention older children and adults. You just need to make sure that the kit includes masks of different sizes.

What drugs are administered through a nebulizer?

The following medications can be taken by inhalation:

  • antibiotics for bronchitis, bronchiectasis;
  • bronchodilators that dilate the bronchi are indicated primarily for bronchial asthma;
  • glucocorticoids that have antiallergic and anti-inflammatory effects.

Thus, the nebulizer is useful only for patients with bronchial asthma and lung diseases. It will not help with acute respiratory infection and dry cough.

Products prohibited for use in nebulizers

Carefully study this list and the instructions for the nebulizer. Failure to comply with the following restrictions may result in severe consequences:

  • It is forbidden to use oil solutions in nebulizers, since oil drops create an impenetrable film on the surface of the alveoli, and oxygen from the air cannot enter the blood;
  • suspensions that contain large suspended particles (hydrocortisone suspension);
  • drugs that do not affect the mucous membrane (aminophylline, papaverine, diphenhydramine);
  • decoctions or infusions of medicinal plants, since their particles clog the nebulizer filters;
  • crushed tablets;
  • syrups for oral administration;
  • mucolytics for children under two years of age (lazolvan, ambrobene), as they cause copious production of sputum, which a child at that age is not able to cough up;
  • non-sterile solutions, including mineral water, as well as boiled or distilled water.

Attention! In addition to drugs approved for inhalation, it is permissible to use only sterile saline solution in the nebulizer! If in doubt, consult your doctor!

How to use a nebulizer

Inhalation procedure:

  • Wash the hands;
  • Pour a ready-made solution of medicine for a nebulizer, sold in a pharmacy, into the container of the device in the dosage prescribed by the doctor, dilute with saline using a pipette or syringe to a volume of 4 ml;
  • sit comfortably in front of the device or seat the child, put on a mask;
  • close the inhaler, attach the mask, turn on the device;
  • keep the glass in an upright position;
  • breathe at a normal pace, do not talk, do not laugh;
  • carry out inhalation for 5 - 15 minutes until the solution runs out;
  • After the procedure, it is better to rinse your mouth, then go to bed and rest;
  • within an hour after inhalation, talk less, do not go out into the open air and, of course, do not smoke.

1–2 inhalations can be performed per day, but the final regimen of procedures must be prescribed by a doctor.

After finishing work, turn off the inhaler, disassemble it, wash all parts in contact with the medicine and inhaled air in a disinfectant solution, and then dry them. The inhaler must be individual.

When to see a doctor

You should immediately call an ambulance if:

  • after inhalation, suffocation occurred;
  • drowsiness and fainting suddenly appeared;
  • there was a sharp pain in the chest.

You should regularly consult a doctor in the following situations:

  • after inhalation, trembling appears in the hands or body;
  • after the procedure, you feel very dizzy, your heart beats quickly, and your blood pressure drops;
  • signs of stomatitis appeared - painful ulcers in the mouth;
  • the treatment has no effect.

Which doctor should I contact?

Before using a nebulizer, you should consult a pulmonologist. If you plan to purchase a device for a child, you should contact your pediatrician to prescribe medications and select drug dosages.

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The information is provided for informational purposes only. Do not self-medicate. At the first sign of disease, consult a doctor.

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Source: http://myfamilydoctor.ru/pravila-terapii-s-ispolzovaniem-nebulajzerov/