Cause of nosebleeds in adults

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Nosebleed

  • diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses (sinusitis, rhinitis),
  • taking a number of medications,

    Causes of epistaxis in adults

  • painful sore or swelling in the nose,
  • bloody discharge from the nose (clear in appearance),

    Table of contents:

    Causes of epistaxis in children

    Persistent, frequent nosebleeds in children, which are combined with a tendency to bruise, may indicate hemophilia or a number of other diseases that are associated with blood clotting disorders.

    Causes of epistaxis in pregnant women

  • inhalation of frosty or dry air for a long time (during walks in winter),
  • lack of calcium or vitamin K in the body, which occurs during pregnancy and can cause epistaxis, as well as increased bleeding of the gums, etc.
  • nosebleeds accompanied by severe pain in the head may occur due to high blood pressure. In this case, medical attention is required. Your blood pressure will be measured and the likely cause of the bleeding will be determined.

    First aid for nosebleeds in children and adults

    1. The patient should be seated and his head tilted forward. It is strictly forbidden to tilt the patient's head back to avoid swallowing blood and vomiting or blood entering the respiratory tract!

    2. It is necessary to provide the patient with epistaxis with good access to fresh air (open the window, unbutton the patient’s shirt collar).

    3. Place an ice bag on the person's nose. If the bleeding does not stop, use your finger to press the nostril firmly against the nasal septum for about 5-10 minutes. Due to compression of the vessels of the nasal mucosa, bleeding stops in most cases.

    4. If the cause of nosebleeds is a trauma to the nose, and it is accompanied by changes and swelling of the contour of the nose or the entire face, place a handkerchief or a bag of ice soaked in cold water on the nose area and consult a doctor immediately.

    5. If the measures taken do not help stop the nosebleed, you can use any vasoconstrictor medicine for the runny nose (for example, Naphthyzin, Naphazolin, Sanorin, etc.). To do this, make a tampon from a small piece of gauze or bandage, approximately cm long. This swab must be soaked in the medicine and inserted into the nasal cavity.

    6. When nosebleeds are the result of a previous runny nose, it is necessary to lubricate a cotton swab with Vaseline and insert it into the nasal cavity. As a result of the action of Vaseline, the crust formed in the nose will soften and the bleeding will stop.

    7. When bleeding from the nose occurs due to overheating, you must immediately take the patient to a well-ventilated place where the sun's rays do not penetrate. Apply a cloth soaked in cold water or ice to the nose area.

    In what situations do you need to see a doctor urgently?

  • with nosebleeds resulting from trauma, combined with deformation and swelling of the nasal contours;
  • with heavy bleeding from the nose, which appears against the background of increased blood pressure or due to prolonged use of the medications listed above;
  • If a child has bleeding from the nose due to penetration of a foreign body into the nose, you should definitely contact a specialist - an ENT specialist. It is forbidden to try to pull out a foreign body on your own!
  • in case of bleeding from the nose that does not stop for more than 30 minutes, and if the measures listed above do not bring results;
  • for frequent nosebleeds that do not stop for a long time, accompanied by a tendency to bruise and increased bleeding of the gums, etc.

    Treatment of nosebleeds

    1. Nasal tamponade is a method of stopping nosebleeds that involves inserting gauze into the nasal cavity, pre-treated with Vaseline or a special paste that promotes blood clotting. There are two methods of inserting a tampon: anterior tamponade (insertion of a tampon from the nostril side) and posterior tamponade (from the oropharynx).

    2. The use of surgical methods to stop nosebleeds is suggested in situations where other methods are ineffective, and involves blocking or ligating the arteries supplying the nose with blood, and a number of other measures.

    Comments

    but today the nosebleed lasted for a long time, what should I do? What antibiotics can you take without a doctor's prescription?

    [keep it up, but be sure to write back after the doctor. My son also occasionally gets nosebleeds, especially when he gets overtired. Maybe you are stressed at work too?

    Source: http://fitfan.ru/health/bolezni/2402-krovotechenie-iz-nosa.html

    What are the reasons for nosebleeds in adults?

    Every person has had to deal with nosebleeds at least once. But not everyone knows why nosebleeds occur. The reasons for this phenomenon in an adult can be very different: overwork and fatigue, nasal injuries, as well as other more serious diseases.

    In cases where nosebleeds occur quite often, you should immediately undergo a medical examination to identify the true cause or disease.

    Such symptoms can signal a disease of various internal organs - liver, kidneys, and blood. In addition, nosebleeds can be caused by cardiovascular diseases, rheumatism and various infectious diseases.

    Classification

    The volume of blood leaking from the nose can range from several milliliters to half a liter.

    1. Blood loss of a few milliliters is considered insignificant. Such bleeding is not dangerous to health and does not lead to any consequences. The only negative point may be fear, hysteria or fainting in young children.
    2. Blood loss is assessed as moderate if its volume does not exceed 200 ml. Such blood loss causes slight weakness, dizziness, rapid pulse and flickering of spots before the eyes. Visible mucous membranes and skin may become pale.
    3. We are talking about massive blood loss in cases where up to 300 ml of blood flows out in total or simultaneously. It is accompanied by more severe symptoms compared to mild ones: weakness, tinnitus, dizziness, headache, thirst, shortness of breath.
    4. Profuse bleeding is characterized by a large volume - 500 ml and above. Massive blood loss leads to hemorrhagic shock, expressed in a sharp drop in blood pressure, lethargy, various disturbances of consciousness up to its loss, and insufficient blood circulation in the internal organs.

    Also, nosebleeds can be divided into local and general. Local are those that cause bleeding when the nose is damaged locally, and general are those that cause bleeding in general.

    Why does an adult have nosebleeds: reasons

    Drops or streams of blood appearing from the nasal passages are a consequence of vascular damage. This happens as a result of either mechanical impact (trauma to the nose) or internal processes in the body.

    Let's take a closer look at the main reasons why an adult may have a nosebleed, and what to do in this case:

    1. Trauma - most often, various blows to the face area lead to injury to the nose, which may be accompanied by a fracture of its septum with the development of severe bleeding. In childhood, injuries to the nasal mucosa are caused by the habit of picking the nose with a finger or other objects (pencil, pen).
    2. Impact of external conditions. Long exposure to the sun, overwork, physical activity are factors that can cause spontaneous nosebleeds. This is an isolated phenomenon, it is not a reason to go to the doctor, the bleeding quickly stops, and the incident is forgotten.
    3. Sunstroke and overheating are one of the main factors for nosebleeds, especially in the summer. Due to high temperatures, the nasal cavity becomes dry and the vessels become fragile. They burst easily and cause nosebleeds. To protect yourself from heatstroke, you need to wear a Panama hat or a hat and stay in a shady place as much as possible.
    4. Drying of the mucous membranes can also cause bleeding from the nose, as the capillaries become fragile. Drying of the nasal mucosa can be the result of prolonged exposure to dry air or frost.

    The second group of nosebleeds is usually caused by much more serious reasons, including systemic disorders. In this case, nosebleeds are not a separate pathological condition, but a manifestation of symptoms of diseases of any organs and physiological systems, most often the respiratory and circulatory systems. This group includes diseases such as:

    1. Hypertension. Increased blood pressure or intracranial pressure can also cause nosebleeds. But this is more of a blessing than a disaster, because it is better to lose a little blood and lower blood pressure than to have a stroke. By the way, most often pressure changes occur from 4 to 6 am. This fact explains why some people have nosebleeds in the morning.
    2. Inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa (rhinitis) or its sinuses (sinusitis, frontal sinusitis) - inflammation weakens the walls of blood vessels, making them more brittle. Acute respiratory viral infection, allergic rhinitis, bacteria (streptococci, staphylococci, E. coli) can lead to the development of the inflammatory process.
    3. Papillomas in the nose are growths on the mucous membrane. They are the result of a viral infection and are dangerous due to mutations into malignant formations. Polyps put pressure on blood vessels, make breathing difficult, and cause frequent bleeding in the morning.
    4. Vegetative-vascular dystonia is accompanied by weak, fragile vessels, often causing nosebleeds in an adult or child diagnosed with VSD. Additional symptoms include watery discharge, headache, and tinnitus.
    5. Atherosclerosis - changes in blood vessels, loss of their elasticity, frequent damage with the occurrence of various bleedings (internal and external).
    6. Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal gland that causes increased levels of stress hormones. Because of this, the pressure rises sharply and the nose bleeds constantly. Signs of this tumor are frequent nosebleeds and dry nose. If you have such symptoms, you should contact the clinic.
    7. Taking medications. Bleeding is usually caused by drugs that prevent blood clotting. These include heparin, aspirin and others. Blood from the nose can flow with prolonged and uncontrolled use of nasal sprays that dry out the mucous membrane.
    8. Oncological diseases. Epistaxis occurs with malignant and benign tumors in the nose. In addition to bleeding, there may be an ulcer on the nasal mucosa, swelling of the nose, and a change in its shape.
    9. Diseases accompanied by bleeding disorders, such as hemophilia.
    10. Vitamin C deficiency. As you know, vitamin C strengthens the walls of blood vessels. If there is not enough of it, the vascular walls become loose and brittle. This fact may be the answer to the question why nosebleeds often occur.

    In adults, the most common cause of nosebleeds is damage to the vessels of the anterior nasal septum (Kiesselbach's place), which is densely penetrated by a network of small arterioles and capillaries. Such bleeding, as a rule, does not pose a threat to human health. Blood from the nose flows out in drops or a thin stream and, with normal clotting, quickly stops on its own.

    The situation is worse when the vessels of the upper and posterior sections of the nasal cavity are damaged. The arteries here are noticeably larger than in the anterior section, and therefore the bleeding is stronger, can cause significant harm to health and even lead to death due to very severe blood loss. In this case, the blood flows in a bright red, non-foamy stream, may appear from the mouth, and practically does not stop on its own.

    What to do when your nose is bleeding?

    There is no point in treating symptoms exclusively, since the underlying disease must be eliminated. The causes of frequent nosebleeds are determined by your doctor. It is necessary to visit a therapist or pediatrician and otolaryngologist. For diagnosis, you will need to take a general blood test and check blood clotting indicators.

    Nosebleeds may not be so harmless. Many people do not pay enough attention to this. If blood from the nose bothers you in rare cases and then due to mechanical action, then there is no need to worry.

    If blood from the nose bothers you often, it spurts out, or the bleeding is profuse and prolonged - all this is a signal to seek help from a specialist as soon as possible.

    How to stop nosebleeds?

    If blood flows from the nose as a result of mechanical damage and there is little blood, and apart from a slight headache, there are no signs of serious illness, you can deal with the problem yourself. The order of tasks is as follows: first we stop the bleeding, then with the help of analgesics you can reduce the intensity of pain.

    Take a sitting position and tilt your head back slightly. Loosen your tie and unbutton your collar. Do not tilt your head forward - this will cause a rush of blood to the nose area and increased bleeding. It is also impossible to throw your head back - blood will enter the nasopharynx and lead to vomiting.

    You can put a piece of ice or a towel soaked in cold water on the bridge of your nose for a short time, about ten minutes. A napkin moistened with cold water can also be applied to the back of the neck. It is advisable to press the nostril from which the blood is coming from for 5-10 minutes until the bleeding stops. If the bleeding is intense or does not stop, use tampons. For this, cotton swabs soaked in hydrogen peroxide are suitable; they need to be inserted into the nose, but not too deep, and sit for 10-15 minutes.

    If there is no tampon and hydrogen peroxide, then insert a bandage into the nostril from which the blood is coming, leaving at least 10 centimeters outside so that it can be freely removed from the nostril. This is done to prevent blood from coming out of the nose. Also, if you have vasoconstrictor medications for nasal instillation, then apply a few drops to a tampon and insert it into your nose. These drops will help close the damaged vessel, which caused the bleeding. Then place the person in a cool, quiet, dark room. It happens that these measures are already sufficient.

    If the bleeding is profuse and cannot be stopped quickly enough at home, the headache is severe, speech, vision or consciousness in general are impaired - immediately call an ambulance.

    Good to know:

    One comment

    You just need to use less vasoconstrictors, but on the contrary, it’s better if your nose is a little stuffy.

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    Let's consider what are the causes of nosebleeds in adults

    Nosebleeds, which has the scientific name epistaxis, is a fairly common pathology that every adult has encountered at least once in their life. It is characterized by bleeding from the nose, which occurs due to rupture of blood vessels. It happens that the blood loss is so great that it poses a threat not only to the health, but also to the life of the patient. The nasal mucosa is very thin and is characterized by the presence of a very large number of blood vessels. As a rule, when they are damaged, blood flows out of the nostrils (or one nostril), but it happens that the contents of the vessels enter the larynx.

    Causes

    Experts include local factors:

    • external or internal trauma to the nose;
    • the presence of a foreign object in the nasal cavity;
    • inflammatory diseases, such as ARVI, sinusitis, rhinitis, sinusitis;
    • abnormal development of the vascular system of the nasal cavity;
    • drug use by inhalation;
    • cancer of the nose;
    • low humidity of the air that the patient inhales for a long time;
    • the use of a nasal oxygen catheter, which dries out the mucous membrane;
    • frequent use of certain medications in the form of a nasal spray;
    • surgical interventions.

    System factors include:

    • allergic reactions;
    • hypertension;
    • increased physical activity;
    • sun or heatstroke;
    • colds;
    • side effects of certain medications;
    • frequent consumption of alcohol and alcohol-containing drinks, which cause dilation of the vessels of the nasal cavity;
    • diseases of the circulatory system;
    • liver pathologists;
    • heart failure;
    • severe infectious pathologies in which there is an increase in vascular permeability;
    • some hereditary diseases;
    • professional activities that are associated with sudden surges in pressure (divers, climbers, submariners);
    • hormonal imbalances, for example, during pregnancy.

    Video about the causes of nosebleeds

    Causes in older people

    This is due to age-related changes in the nasal mucosa - it becomes much drier and thinner. At the same time, the function of vascular contraction is much lower than at a younger age. In more than 80% of cases when older people consult a specialist, the patient is diagnosed with disorders in the hemostatic system.

    In addition, in elderly patients there is a sharp progression of hypertension, in which the fragile nasal vessels are unable to withstand blood pressure and rupture. In cases where elderly people, along with signs of hypertension, experience nosebleeds, it is very important to seek urgent help from medical professionals, because such a situation indicates that hypertension has reached its peak.

    Reasons why bleeding is observed from only one nostril

    The following reasons contribute to the occurrence of blood flow from one nostril:

    • deviated nasal septum;
    • trauma to a vessel of the nasal passage;
    • presence of a foreign object in the nasal passage;
    • the presence of a benign or malignant neoplasm in the nostril.

    Classification

    Epistaxis in adults is classified according to various criteria: by localization, by frequency of manifestation, by mechanism of occurrence; by type of vascular damage, by volume of blood loss.
    • Depending on the location, the following forms of bleeding from the nasal cavity are distinguished:

    anterior, which originates in the anterior sections of the nasal cavity. This form of epistaxis is the most common; it does not pose a threat to the patient’s life and stops on its own or after some manipulations;

    posterior, the focus of which is located in the posterior sections of the nasal cavity. Often such bleeding requires medical attention. This form of pathology is characterized by partial blood entering the throat and flowing out of the nose.

    unilateral, in which blood flows from only one nostril;

    bilateral, in which blood flow is observed from both nostrils.

    recurrent, which repeats periodically;

    sporadic, occurring rarely or once.

    • According to the mechanism of occurrence, nosebleeds are classified into:

    capillary (in case of damage to small superficial vessels);

    venous (when the veins of the nasal cavity rupture);

    arterial (due to damage to large arteries).

    • Based on the volume of blood loss during epistaxis, the following are distinguished:

    minor bleeding, the blood volume in which is no more than ml;

    moderate, the amount of blood released is ml;

    massive, with blood loss of more than 200 ml;

    profuse - portioned or single bleeding, in which the patient loses more than 500 ml of blood. The condition requires immediate treatment!

    We invite you to watch a video about the causes of nosebleeds, as well as details of this condition.

    Clinical picture

    Anterior nosebleeds are defined by the flow of blood from the nostrils (or one nostril) in a stream or drops.

    With posterior bleeding, there may be no obvious manifestations in adults. Often blood flows into the throat, resulting in the following symptoms:

    • feeling of nausea;
    • vomiting blood;
    • hemoptysis;
    • change in the color and consistency of stool (stool becomes black and resembles tar in consistency).

    The clinical picture of this condition depends on the volume of blood lost. With minor bleeding, the patient's general condition remains stable. With prolonged moderate, as well as massive bleeding, patients experience the following symptoms:

    • general weakness, fatigue;
    • extraneous noise in the ears, ear congestion;
    • the appearance of spots and spots before the eyes;
    • feeling of thirst;
    • headache and feeling of dizziness;
    • increased heart rate;
    • the skin acquires a pale tint, pale mucous membranes;
    • slight shortness of breath.

    With profuse bleeding in adults, the following are observed:

    • some lethargy and other disturbances of consciousness;
    • arrhythmia, tachycardia;
    • pulse is threadlike;
    • drop in blood pressure;
    • decreased volume or complete absence of urine.

    Diagnostics

    In order to prescribe the necessary treatment for nosebleeds, it is necessary to conduct a complete diagnosis. Diagnosis of epistaxis consists of determining the cause of the pathology and includes the following:

    • taking anamnesis;
    • external examination of the patient;
    • examination of the patient's nasal cavity;
    • examination of the pharynx and nasopharynx.

    In some cases, differential diagnosis is carried out to exclude (or detect) bleeding areas located in other organs (lungs, stomach, esophagus). In such cases, blood can enter the nasal cavity, flowing out of the nostrils.

    First aid

    In case of bleeding from the nasal cavity, the following measures must be taken:

    1. Calm down or reassure the victim. Deep breathing will help you cope with anxiety. This helps reduce emotional overstimulation and prevent increased heart rate and blood pressure, which can only worsen the situation.
    2. Sit down or sit the person who is bleeding in a comfortable position, with the head slightly tilted forward, so that the blood flows out freely.
    3. Press the nostril from which blood is flowing with your finger against the nasal septum for several minutes. This promotes the formation of a blood clot at the site of a ruptured vessel.
    4. Place 6-7 drops of vasoconstrictor nasal medications into the nose, for example Naphthyzin, Glazolin, etc.
    5. Place 8-10 drops of hydrogen peroxide (3%) into each nostril.
    6. Apply a cold compress to your nose (you can use ice from the refrigerator or a cloth soaked in cold water). Maintain the compress for a minute, then take a break for 3-4 minutes. Repeat the procedure 2-3 times.
    7. Experts recommend that if you experience a nosebleed, immerse your hands in cold water and your feet in warm water. This manipulation helps to quickly narrow the blood vessels and, accordingly, stop the flow of blood.

    What is absolutely forbidden to do?

    Some people, when faced with nosebleeds, make a number of mistakes that can lead to serious complications. In addition to ideas about what needs to be done, it is important to know what to do is strictly prohibited. So, DON'T:

    • take a horizontal position. In this case, blood enters the head, leading to an increase in the intensity of bleeding;
    • throw your head back. In this case, blood enters the respiratory tract, which can lead to vomiting. In addition, blood discharge can enter the bronchi, which will cause a cough and, consequently, a sharp increase in pressure. Also, throwing back the head leads to pinching of the veins, increasing blood pressure;
    • blow your nose. This action prevents thrombus formation on the damaged vessel;
    • independently try to remove a foreign body from the nasal cavity (if the bleeding was caused by it). In this case, incorrect actions may result in the object entering the respiratory system.

    When is medical help needed?

    In some situations, seeking emergency medical attention is necessary. An ambulance should be called immediately in the following cases;

    • bleeding occurred due to injury to the nose or head;
    • bleeding is prolonged and does not stop with first aid;
    • there is heavy blood loss;
    • there is an exacerbation of renal or hepatic pathologies;
    • There is a sharp deterioration in the patient's health, manifested by general malaise, pallor, dizziness, and fainting.

    Detailed and interesting material about possible treatment of nosebleeds

    Complications

    Minor blood loss due to nosebleeds, as a rule, does not lead to complications and does not have negative consequences.

    Massive nosebleeds can be complicated by increased blood loss and functional disorders of the internal organ system, including hemorrhagic shock - a condition manifested by confusion or retardation of consciousness, a drop in blood pressure, thread-like pulse, and tachycardia.

    Frequent cases of epistaxis, as well as heavy blood loss, require urgent specialist consultation, detailed diagnosis and proper treatment.

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    Causes of nosebleeds

    General information

    Currently, about 15% of patients visiting otolaryngologists are those who complain of frequent nosebleeds that occur spontaneously.

    When blood comes from the nose after injury or other mechanical influence, this symptom is quite understandable to a person. But if this phenomenon repeats constantly, and there are no apparent reasons, then bleeding can seriously worry the patient. Bleeding without a reason can be both abundant and scanty, it can be short-term or long-lasting. Both adults and children suffer from this phenomenon.

    However, some people never experience such problems; they are even sometimes interested in how to get a nosebleed without pain.

    What can cause bleeding from the nose? First of all, we can talk about violations of the integrity of the walls of blood vessels, as well as poor blood clotting. In most cases (approximately 80%), the blood comes from the vessels of the anterior parts of the nose. If the blood appears from the posterior sections, then it is more difficult to stop, and this condition is more dangerous for health. Indeed, in this case, large vessels are damaged, and blood flows through the nose more intensely.

    As a rule, bleeding appears due to a violation of the mucous membrane where the Kisselbach zone, which is located in the anterior part of the nasal septum. Since the mucous membrane in this place is very thin, and there are many vessels in it, even the smallest and most insignificant damage leads to blood running from the nose.

    There are many reasons why this manifestation occurs. As a rule, it is associated with blood diseases, some infectious diseases, as well as diseases of the blood vessels, heart, kidneys and liver, and rheumatism.

    Sometimes blood is released in streams or drops, sometimes it flows down the back wall of the throat. In this case, a person may notice weakness, dizziness, low blood pressure, tachycardia, and tinnitus.

    Why such manifestations are observed every day, you must immediately ask your doctor.

    It happens that nosebleeds are confused with the same manifestations from the lungs, trachea, bronchi, stomach, and nasopharynx. It should be noted that pure blood is usually released from the nose. Below we will talk about the reasons for this manifestation and how to eliminate this symptom.

    Causes of nosebleeds: the influence of external factors

    If a person has a very frequent nosebleed, the causes of this phenomenon are often related to external factors. External causes of nosebleeds can be:

    • The air is too dry, which often results in nosebleeds in children. This happens especially often during the heating season - in the mornings and not only the mucous membrane dries out, sticking to the smallest vessels. As a result, they lose their elasticity and burst, which leads to this phenomenon. This can also occur in a teenager during a period of active growth.
    • Many people note that they bled due to severe overheating - sunstroke or heatstroke. In this condition, weakness, headache, dizziness, fainting, and tinnitus are also noted.
    • Sometimes the answer to the question of what causes nosebleeds is strong changes in pressure, atmospheric or barometric. This happens if a person descends to the depths or rises high into the mountains, or takes off on an airplane to a great height.
    • There are other explanations for why nosebleeds occur. The reasons for this may be related to intoxication of the body or poisoning. This can occur due to inhalation of toxic vapors, gases, or aerosols. This also happens due to thermal burns of the mucous membrane, as well as chemical and electrical burns. This can happen with chronic benzene poisoning or exposure to radiation.
    • If a person sneezes or coughs very hard, the pressure in the vessels of the nose increases sharply and they become damaged.
    • Sometimes the causes of this phenomenon may be associated with the use of a number of medications. In particular, corticosteroids, antihistamines, nasal vasoconstrictors, blood thinners.

    Local reasons

    Local causes may also explain why a teenager, child or adult often bleeds from the nose.

    Consequence of injuries

    This is a very common reason, because very often an adult bleeds constantly after accidents, bruises, injuries at home, falls, which lead to fractures of cartilage tissue. As a rule, in addition to bleeding, in this case there is pain and swelling of the surrounding tissues. If there is bleeding due to a fracture of the facial bones or cartilage tissue, then the deformation will be visually noticeable.

    Also, injuries to the nasal mucosa occur if specific operations or manipulations for diagnosis are performed: probing, puncture or catheterization of the nasal sinuses.

    ENT diseases

    If local pathological conditions develop, congestion of the nasal mucosa may occur. This can be observed with sinusitis, adenoids, and sinusitis. Also, such manifestations are possible in people with chronic rhinitis (allergic, etc.), especially if they are accustomed to very often and uncontrollably using nasal drops, which constrict blood vessels. Also dangerous in this case are hormonal medications that provoke thinning of the nasal mucosa and, as a result, its atrophy.

    Changes in the mucous membrane, deviated nasal septum, anomalies in the development of veins

    In patients with atrophic rhinitis, dystrophic changes in the mucous membrane are noted, which leads to the manifestation of nosebleeds. Anomalies in the development of arteries and veins (their local enlargements), severe curvature of the nasal septum, or the location of mucosal vessels too close to the surface can also lead to bleeding.

    Adenoids, polyps, tumors

    Sometimes frequent bleeding in women and men is a sign that a benign or malignant formation is developing in the nasal passages. These can be polyps, adenoids, tumors, angioma, specific granuloma.

    Foreign bodies in the nose, infection with worms

    Often the causes of nosebleeds in a child are associated with injuries from various objects - fingers, toys, etc. Sometimes blood comes if small foreign objects or small insects disappear into the nose. It sometimes flows even after the child has been bathed in an open body of water, since parasites - mites, etc. - can get into the nasal cavity.

    Sometimes the explanation for why a child’s nose bleeds at night or in the morning is helminthic infestation, since roundworm larvae, when migrating, enter the lungs, nasopharynx, and other organs and damage blood vessels. Therefore, if your child often bleeds from the nose, you need to check him for the presence of parasites in his body.

    In any case, if a child starts bleeding, it is necessary to act correctly, as advised by Dr. Komarovsky and other experts. How to provide emergency care for nosebleeds in children and how to stop the bleeding can be found below.

    Common reasons

    Sometimes a certain disease causes nosebleeds. Causes in adults and children may be associated with various diseases and conditions. Thus, the causes of nosebleeds in adults, as well as in children, may be associated with increased fragility of blood vessels, which is noted in such cases:

    Changes in the vascular wall

    Vasculitis, that is, the inflammatory process of the inner lining of blood vessels, leads to the manifestation of light bleeding, in which sometimes hemorrhage occurs in the muscles or joints, and a rash always appears.

    Infectious diseases - measles, tuberculosis, influenza, chickenpox, etc., in such conditions pathological changes in the walls of blood vessels occur. If a patient contracts tuberculosis of the nasal cavity, blood crusts may periodically appear in his nose.

    Vascular atherosclerosis – this disease can also cause bloody discharge from the nose. It should be remembered that this disease is dangerous, as it can lead to the development of heart attack and stroke.

    Hypovitaminosis - sometimes the reason why blood flows from the nose in an adult is a lack of vitamins C, K, and calcium in the body. In this case, the doctor will tell you how to stop bleeding by prescribing vitamin complexes.

    Fluctuations in hormonal levels

    This also happens if sharp fluctuations in hormonal levels occur in the human body. This is why bloody discharge appears and headaches occur in adolescents, as well as in women during pregnancy and menopause.

    Increase in blood pressure

    Nosebleeds with blood pressure that has risen sharply are also possible. An increase in blood pressure levels is observed due to emotional and physical overload, as well as due to the development of vascular and heart diseases, etc. At what pressure this can happen depends on the characteristics of the body. But bleeding is most likely to occur during sudden changes in blood pressure: then the walls of the capillaries in the nose rupture, which provokes bleeding. This is possible with the following conditions and ailments:

    • atherosclerosis;
    • hypertension;
    • mitral stenosis, aortic stenosis;
    • adrenal tumors;
    • heart defects, in which there is an increase in blood pressure;
    • emphysema, pneumosclerosis;
    • pyelonephritis glomerulonephritis in chronic form;
    • excessive stress, physical and emotional.

    Blood diseases

    • Bleeding disorders are one of the symptoms of a group of diseases, both acquired and hereditary, in which nosebleeds and other bleeding occur.
    • Cirrhosis of the liver.
    • Leukosili aplastic anemia.
    • Decreased platelet production in the body (thrombocytopenic purpura).

    Other reasons

    In addition to the above reasons, the following factors can provoke such manifestations:

    Symptoms of anterior and posterior bleeding

    Signs of nosebleeds sometimes complement the signs of the underlying disease, as well as symptoms of acute blood loss. You need to pay attention to the following manifestations:

    If minor bleeding occurs, then signs of blood loss are usually not pronounced. Bleeding may occur both inward and outward. If it does not go out and flows along the back wall of the oropharynx, then it can be detected by performing pharyngoscopy. If significant blood loss occurs, a person may experience hemorrhagic shock, in which there is a sharp decrease in pressure, thread-like pulse, and tachycardia.

    If anterior bleeding occurs, in most cases (approximately 90%) its source is the Kisselbach area. In this zone there is a large network of small vessels covered with thin mucosa with virtually no submucosal layer.

    In such a situation, blood loss is usually minor. It stops on its own - basic first aid for nosebleeds works almost immediately. This phenomenon is not life-threatening.

    If posterior bleeding develops, large vessels located deep in the nasal cavity are damaged. This is a dangerous condition for the patient, because bleeding very rarely stops on its own.

    The doctor can determine the type of bleeding by examining the patient, performing pharyngoscopy and anterior rhinoscopy.

    In addition, during the examination, the doctor can determine the development of pulmonary or gastric bleeding, since in such conditions blood sometimes flows into the nasal cavity. It is not difficult to recognize pulmonary hemorrhage - in such a situation, the color of the blood is bright scarlet, it foams. If it is gastric, it is dark, reminiscent of coffee grounds.

    In the case of very intense bleeding flowing down the back wall, vomiting may develop, in which dark impurities are noted.

    A general examination to diagnose the underlying disease will help to find out why bloody discharge from the nose appears.

    To assess blood loss, the doctor prescribes a coagulogram, as well as a general blood test.

    How to provide first aid?

    You need to clearly understand what to do in case of nosebleeds in order to help both yourself and your child if severe bleeding develops. It is especially important for parents to know how to stop nosebleeds. After all, this happens often with children.

    • If bloody discharge is noticed in a child or an adult, you must immediately give him a semi-recumbent position - sit the patient up, tilt his head forward. You can also apply cold to the bridge of your nose for a few minutes - for example, ice wrapped in a towel or a heating pad with cold water.
    • You can also drip vasoconstrictor drops into your nose (these can be drugs Naphthyzin, Nazivin, Galazolin) or 3% hydrogen peroxide, then pinch your nostrils with your fingers.
    • If it flows from the nose and does not stop, the same drops or hydrogen peroxide should be applied to a cotton swab and inserted into the nostril, pressing it against the septum.
    • Provided that it is flowing from the right nostril, the person needs to raise his right hand up and press his left nostril. If there is bleeding from both, the person should raise both hands up, and the one who helps him can press both nostrils.
    • If none of the advice on how to stop nosebleeds quickly is effective, you should definitely call emergency help. It is the doctor who must determine how to stop the bleeding from the nose if it flows non-stop, despite all the measures taken.

    After the discharge from the nasal cavity has stopped, there is no need to pull out the tampon too quickly, as there is a risk of damaging the blood clot, after which the attack may recur. It is better to carefully moisten the tampon with hydrogen peroxide, wait until it softens, and only then pull it out.

    Even if such an incident occurs just once, it is imperative to take the child to an otolaryngologist to determine the cause of this phenomenon. The doctor will tell you what diseases there are that provoke such a symptom and prescribe tests to determine the diagnosis and prevent relapse.

    To prevent dry nose and blood crusts in your baby, speed up the healing process and reduce the likelihood of relapse, you should lubricate the mucous membrane with Bacitracin, Neomycin or Vaseline ointment twice a day. During the heating season, you can drip products based on sea water (Salin, Aqua Maris) into your nose.

    In serious cases, when it is not possible to cope with the situation on your own, specialists anemize the mucous membrane with a solution of adrenaline or ephedrine. If anterior tamponade is ineffective, posterior tamponade is performed. However, in most cases, both in children and the elderly, anterior tamponade also helps with posterior bleeding.

    If relapses occur very often or tamponade is ineffective, surgical intervention is necessary. For people who are concerned about the frequent manifestation of anterior bleeding, coagulation and endoscopic cryodestruction are effective methods. Also, in such a situation, sclerosing drugs are sometimes administered, and drugs that increase blood clotting are prescribed.

    What can't you do?

    • If blood appears from the nasal cavity, you should not lie down or tilt your head back - this will only worsen the situation, and blood in such positions can flow into the respiratory tract or into the esophagus. Getting it into the respiratory tract leads to suffocation, getting it into the stomach leads to nausea and vomiting.
    • You should also not blow your nose, as this may dislodge the clot that has formed.
    • If a foreign body gets into your nose, you should not remove it yourself - this should be done by a specialist.

    When is urgent medical attention needed?

    Sometimes, if a person has weak blood vessels or suffers from other diseases, you should not wait until the bleeding stops - you need to immediately call emergency help so that the patient can be helped by a doctor. This is necessary if the following occurs:

    • blood pressure increases;
    • there was a nose injury;
    • the patient has diabetes mellitus;
    • the person fainted;
    • very heavy bleeding was observed, in which there is a threat of large blood loss;
    • if a person has been taking or is currently taking Heparin, NSAIDs, Aspirin for a long time, or the patient has problems with blood clotting;
    • if there is vomiting of blood, which may indicate damage to the stomach, esophagus, or lungs;
    • If a clear fluid flows along with blood in a person after a head injury, this may indicate a fracture of the base of the skull.

    Health care

    If an adult or child experiences severe bleeding from the nasal cavity, he is hospitalized in an inpatient department. Even if you managed to cope with the problem on your own, you need to consult with an otolaryngologist later.

    If the cause of the problem cannot be found, and such manifestations constantly appear, you need to undergo examination by a number of specialists - an endocrinologist, hematologist, neurologist.

    If blood appears from the Kisselbach area, then this area is cauterized to prevent relapses. If necessary, the otolaryngologist practices the following measures:

    • removes polyps or foreign bodies from the nasal cavity;
    • performs anterior or posterior tamponade, which is impregnated with a 1% solution of feracryl, preserved amnion, epsilon-aminocaproic acid;
    • to cauterize the vessel, insert a tampon with trichloroacetic acid and vagotil;
    • practices coagulation using electric current, silver nitrate, laser, ultrasound, liquid nitrogen, or performs cryodestruction;
    • uses a hemostatic sponge;
    • administers sclerosing medications, an oil solution of vitamin A;
    • if the blood loss is very serious, the doctor uses fresh frozen plasma, blood transfusion, and administers hemodez, rheopolyglucin and aminocaproic acid intravenously.

    If all these methods are ineffective, then a surgical operation is performed - embolization of large vessels in the area of ​​the nasal cavity where problems are noted.

    Also prescribed are drugs that increase blood clotting - calcium chloride, vitamin C, Vikasol, calcium gluconate.

    If a nosebleed occurs, you should not eat hot food or drink hot drinks afterward, and you should not engage in severe physical activity to prevent the problem from reoccurring.

    Prevention

    • Sometimes, for the purpose of prevention, Ascorutin is prescribed to children and adults, and treatment of vascular fragility is carried out.
    • During the heating season, it is necessary to properly humidify the air in the room.
    • It is important to eat a nutritious and varied diet to get all the vitamins and minerals your body needs.
    • Avoid injury.

    Education: Graduated from Rivne State Basic Medical College with a degree in Pharmacy. Graduated from Vinnitsa State Medical University named after. M.I. Pirogov and internship at his base.

    Work experience: From 2003 to 2013 – worked as a pharmacist and manager of a pharmacy kiosk. She was awarded diplomas and decorations for many years of conscientious work. Articles on medical topics were published in local publications (newspapers) and on various Internet portals.

    The most obvious symptom is blood coming out of a child’s nose. If this process occurs internally, then the liquid flows into the oropharynx, which is where it is found when pharyngoscopy is performed.

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    The site administration and the authors of the articles are not responsible for any losses and consequences that may arise when using the site materials.

    Source: http://medside.ru/prichinyi-krovotecheniya-iz-nosa

    An adult is bleeding from the nose: reasons, what to do

    The mucous membrane of the nasal cavity is enriched with a network of capillaries, damage to which causes hemorrhage. The phenomenon is pathological in nature and sometimes acts as a sign of a disease in the body, rather than an independent symptom. If in children nosebleeds can be caused by irritation of the internal nasal membrane with fingers, then in adults there are several reasons for this unpleasant situation. However, regularly recurring episodes of hemorrhage should be a reason to consult a doctor.

    An adult often bleeds from the nose: reasons

    Bleeding is not fatal, but it allows you to identify a health problem at an early stage, since it is a fairly pronounced sign. Factors that can cause a hemorrhagic phenomenon are divided into local (local) and systemic (general). The first category includes:

    • Mechanical damage to the nasal septum (more often in the gym).
    • Congenital deformations of the anatomical structure of the nasal cavity.
    • Postponed surgical or diagnostic procedures.
    • Inhalation of drugs or chemical vapors.
    • Dry air - especially in winter.

    Bleeding is often provoked by acute inflammatory processes in the nasal cavity that occur in the latent period.

    General predisposing factors include diseases that do not involve mechanical disruption of the integrity of the mucous membrane:

    • Deficiency of vitamins in the body (usually vitamin C).
    • Problems with blood clotting and diseases in which this occurs (mainly of an oncological nature).
    • Hormonal imbalance.
    • High blood pressure level.
    • Prolonged exposure to the sun.
    • Physical overexertion.
    • A sharp decrease in blood pressure.
    • Severe anemia.
    • Diseases of infectious origin, accompanied by hyperthermia and persistent intoxication.

    Taking anticoagulants can lead to the development of nosebleeds. Often the condition is caused by a traumatic brain injury, when a hemorrhagic sign indicates a fracture of the base of the skull.

    What are the signs of nasal bleeding?

    There are no warning signs. The condition occurs suddenly, a stream of blood can be released from one nostril or from both at the same time, which allows the bleeding to be classified as unilateral or bilateral. Based on the volume of blood loss, there are four stages of hemorrhage: from moderate to profuse (blood excreted over 500 ml).

    If the pathological phenomenon is insignificant, then the patient’s well-being will remain without significant changes.

    With more massive blood loss, a decrease in blood pressure occurs, the skin becomes pale, covered with perspiration, weakness and the need to take a horizontal position, and dizziness are noted. If a person is in an incorrect position, blood is not able to flow out of the respiratory canal and flows down the back wall of the pharynx. If the mass enters the stomach, it causes vomiting.

    Hemorrhagic shock causes prolonged bleeding, which results in tachycardia and a decrease in blood pressure to critical levels. This condition should warrant hospitalization. You should also seek emergency help for regular nosebleeds, if the hemorrhage cannot be stopped, or when it comes to a traumatic brain injury, accompanied by the so-called “glasses” syndrome (blueness around the eyes) in combination with nasal bleeding.

    Treatment of frequent nosebleeds in adults

    First aid consists of ensuring psychological and physical rest for the patient and performing anterior nasal tamponade.

    • With his head tilted forward, you need to moisten a pre-rolled piece of bandage or gauze with a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, and then tightly block the respiratory canal with the manufactured device. There is no need to ask the patient to throw his head back - this mistake will lead to a decrease in blood pressure, increased dizziness, and fainting. The stream of blood will be reflexively swallowed and, reaching the stomach, provoke the urge to vomit.
    • You need to apply cold to the bridge of your nose - an ice pack or a napkin moistened with cold water. If a person’s condition allows, he can independently pinch the wings of his nose.
    • Sometimes the problem cannot be eliminated only in the scope of first aid - then you should call a doctor, and measure your blood pressure and temperature before the doctors arrive.

    If the patient's condition is assessed as moderate or severe, he is hospitalized in the intensive care unit. Treatment for nosebleeds depends on the underlying cause.

    Diagnostics is carried out in two directions - laboratory and instrumental. Laboratory diagnostics are aimed at determining the rate of blood clotting, hemoglobin levels and excluding anemia.

    Instrumental examination boils down to rhinoscopy and pharyngoscopy - methods will make sure that the lesion is not the throat or ear.

    If bleeding occurs as a result of a traumatic brain injury that causes a fracture of the skull bones, hospitalization occurs in the neurosurgery department, where emergency surgery and active infusion therapy are performed. In the postoperative period, oxygen therapy and monitoring of vital signs are performed.

    Bleeding caused by a lack of ascorbic acid is prevented by administering vitamin C in a 5% glucose solution infusion or by administering ascorutin. Nutrition is also adjusted: consumption of citrus fruits and apples is recommended.

    If the cause of the unpleasant condition is anemia, low hemoglobin levels are increased with iron supplements, administered intramuscularly on a daily basis. It is also important to review the diet in favor of beef liver, buckwheat, pomegranates, dried apricots, spinach and soy.

    Bleeding that develops as a result of an oncological lesion or a course of chemotherapy should be assessed by an oncologist: it may be necessary to review the prescriptions or adjust the dosage of the drugs in the main therapeutic program.

    High blood pressure can be treated with an antihypertensive drug tablet placed under the tongue. If the drug does not bring a positive effect, a solution of dibazole and papaverine is injected intramuscularly. In cases where blood pressure has reached a critical level, a solution of magnesium sulfate is administered intravenously. Hospitalization is not required in all clinical cases.

    The need for replacement therapy is a rare case: indirect blood transfusion is performed only in case of profuse bleeding, which is accompanied by hemorrhagic shock.

    After recovery occurs, you should give up bad habits, limit yourself from nervous strain and stick to a healthy diet. It is not recommended to irritate the nasal membrane, reduce sleep duration, or exercise in the gym without special protective equipment.

    It is possible that you will have to visit the doctor on a regular basis - this will avoid a sudden deterioration in health and eliminate the underlying disease that caused the nosebleed.

    Source: http://bezboleznej.ru/krov-is-nosa-u-vzroslogo