Drugs for acute respiratory infections in adults

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Treatment of ARVI in adults - how to do it effectively

ARVI in adults is a polyetiological group of infectious diseases affecting predominantly the upper respiratory tract and similar clinical symptoms.

Table of contents:

The causative agent of infection is a virus

ARVI occurs when a virus enters the body that is tropic to the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract mucosa. This occurs in 90% of cases of the disease. In 10% the causative agent is pathogenic bacteria. During an ARVI epidemic, at least 20% of the adult population gets sick, and during pandemics - at least 50%.

• then - rhinovirus infection;

• bokaruvirus, etc.

Transmission routes

The source of infection is a person in the incubation and prodromal (hidden) period, when the amount of virus in the body is maximum.

Risk factors

Provoking factors contributing to the development of infection:

• unfavorable environmental conditions;

General rules for the treatment of ARVI in adults

1. When suffering from ARVI, there are a number of rules that must be followed for a speedy recovery and the effectiveness of the treatment. These include:

3. Wet cleaning and ventilation of the room every hour and a half: this leads to the death of the virus and prevents it from surviving and spreading in a humid environment unfavorable for it.

Drug treatment of ARVI in adults

The list of medications for the treatment of ARVI in adults is quite large. The amount of medications used depends on the patient’s condition and the severity of the infection. Treatment of ARVI in adults should be comprehensive, since the manifestations of the disease have many clinical symptoms.

Antiviral therapy: chemotherapy drugs

If the diagnosis of ARVI is verified, antiviral therapy comes first. These drugs suppress the replication of the virus, reduce its penetration into the endothelial cell and further spread in the body.

2. Oseltamivir is used in a daily dosage of 75 mg, its use significantly reduces the manifestation of intoxication and the occurrence of complications. If it is used for prevention, the likelihood of infection with the ARVI virus is significantly reduced, and minimal side effects make it possible to use it for the general population. The duration of treatment is 5 days.

• hemorrhagic rash;

5. Arbidol, which is effective against influenza A and B, belongs to the same group, but its mechanism of action has not been studied.

Interferon is a panacea for ARVI in adults

Interferon plays a leading role in the treatment of ARVI in adults. Modern drugs used for influenza:

  • Viferon is a highly effective drug against the influenza virus A and B, as well as against any other viral infection. It is available in the form of rectal suppositories.
  • Grippferon has similar properties and is available as a nasal spray

Interferon inducers

Interferon inducers stimulate the body's cells to produce their own interferons. These include:

  1. Amixil: the maximum concentration of the body's own interferons when used is achieved within hours.
  2. Cycloferon quickly penetrates the blood, because it is a low-molecular compound, well tolerated, and has no side effects.

Taken in tablet form and parenterally

Immunomodulators for ARVI in adults

Immunomodulators (Immunal, Bronchomunal) are not suitable for rapid treatment of ARVI, since the effect of their use occurs after a long time. Therefore, they are used to prevent influenza and other acute viral respiratory infections.

Homeopathy

Homeopathic remedies, for example, Aflubin, do not have an evidence base regarding their effectiveness and are not recommended for the treatment of ARVI in adults.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are not prescribed for the treatment of ARVI. They aggravate the course and contribute to the development of complications. The use of antibiotics is necessary for already developed complications with a proven bacterial nature. The prescription of antibiotics has strict indications:

Symptomatic therapy for ARVI in adults

In the treatment of ARVI in adults, symptomatic drugs are necessarily used:

  1. NSAIDs are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: their pronounced intepiritic and analgesic effects are used (Nimide). But you need to know that they have a lot of serious side effects, so they can only be used as prescribed by a doctor.
  2. Vasoconstrictor nasal drops are used for severe runny nose (Sanorin, Naphthyzin, Nazol). Drugs related to decongestants (alpha-adrenomimetics, or sympathomimetics) cannot be overdosed: use for more than 5 days leads to drug-induced rhinitis.
  3. Antihistamines, the latest generations of which allow them to be taken even by socially active patients, since they have solved the problem with such a side effect as hypnotic effects (Cetrin).
  4. Mucolytics and bronchodilators are prescribed in the presence of cough (acetylcysteine)
  5. Multivitamins with a high content of ascorbic acid are prescribed for the treatment and prevention of acute respiratory viral infections.
  6. It is mandatory to prescribe detoxification therapy: depending on the severity of the disease, drugs are administered parenterally or used in the form of special solutions for drinking (Regidron)

Taking into account the many side effects and contraindications of medications used to treat acute respiratory viral infections in adults, it is necessary to consult a doctor at the first signs of infection and not to treat yourself.

  • Cyston
  • Pharyngitis in adults: what is it and how dangerous is it?
  • Runny nose in a baby: possible causes and treatment

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How to treat ARVI symptoms in an adult: medications and treatment methods

ARVI is considered the most common disease and quite serious; its group includes influenza. In many cases, after the end of the disease, complications develop that limit the working capacity of the adult population for a long time. But the pharmaceutical industry does not stand still and is looking for new ways to combat this disease.

ARVI - symptoms and treatment in adults

The symptoms of ARVI are the same for all adults; it’s just that in some it manifests itself and proceeds acutely, while in others it is mild. This will depend on the state of the person's immune system.

With good immunity, the symptoms will be minor and unnoticeable, and the disease itself will pass easily and quickly.

With reduced immunity, the disease takes longer and is more complex, there are more symptoms and they will torment the person for a longer time. Symptoms of ARVI in adults are:

  1. Body temperature becomes above 38°.
  2. Lymph nodes enlarge.
  3. Aches in the body and joints appear, and muscle weakness is present.
  4. The nose is stuffy or has a runny nose.
  5. My throat is scratchy and hurts.
  6. I have headaches.
  7. There is practically no appetite.
  8. The cough is dry and sputum is difficult to separate.

If the patient has chronic diseases, this can lead to exacerbation. During the period of exacerbation, diseases develop: bronchial asthma, bronchitis, sinusitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis. They worsen a person’s condition and make it difficult to treat.

Treatment of ARVI in adults - drugs

The disease is caused by a large number of common viruses: adenovirus, herpes and influenza viruses, parainfluenza, rhinovirus and enterovirus. Antiviral drugs are recommended for the treatment of ARVI in adults:

  • homeopathic remedies;
  • immunomodulators;
  • interferons;
  • means to stimulate the production of your interferon;
  • chemotherapy drugs.

How to treat ARVI in an adult - medications

Chemotherapy drugs are prescribed to suppress the reproduction of the virus; in the future, it cannot enter a healthy cell and, accordingly, spread.

But each drug is effective in treating only its own virus. It will not be effective against other groups of the virus. In addition, side effects may occur.

Homeopathic remedies (“Aflubin”) are used mainly to prevent the disease. Immunomodulators - "Bronchomunal", "Immunal" are considered less effective, their effect develops over time. They are recommended for the prevention of respiratory diseases and acute respiratory viral infections.

Arbidol acts against influenza A and B viruses and other respiratory diseases. Viferon is used to treat any respiratory disease, including influenza. Intranasal spray Grippferon has the same property.

Interferon is a chemical compound that stimulates the body's cells to produce their own interferon. After taking Anixin, the effect is achieved after 4 hours and can last up to 20 hours. Cycloferon - quickly penetrates the blood, as it has a low molecular weight compound. The drug is effective in the treatment of ARVI in adults.

Systemic therapy

It is necessary to start taking antiviral drugs immediately. The disease begins when a virus enters the body, so there is no need to use antibiotics to avoid making mistakes in treatment.

Antiviral drugs suppress and destroy viruses in the body, increase immunity and speed up the recovery period.

You should start taking them in the first hours after ARVI symptoms appear. If the illness lasts three days and you have not taken any medications, then these drugs will not bring you any benefit either.

Symptomatic treatment

Treatment that affects the symptoms of the disease and reduces the symptoms of ARVI. These are medicines for sore throat and cough, nasal drops and antipyretics. For symptomatic treatment, the following drugs are used:

  • Antihistamines - can relieve swelling, reduce intoxication, relieve inflammation of the nasal mucosa. These include: Diazolin, Ketotifen, Loratadine, Suprastin.
  • Antipyretics - have an anti-inflammatory effect, reduce temperature, relieve muscle pain and headaches: Nurofen, Paracetamol.
  • If you have a stuffy or runny nose, use nasal drops. Rinse the nasal mucosa several times a day with saline solution; vasoconstrictor drops can be used no more than five times a day. For washing use: “Aquamaris”, “Solin”, “Humer”.
  • Vasoconstrictors have many contraindications, so they should be selected individually. The most preferred drugs: “Naphthyzin 1%”, “Nock spray”, “Rinazolin”, “Salin”.
  • For a sore throat, medications are used in the form of lozenges, lozenges, and aerosols. Tablets: “Lizak”, “Septefril”, “Strepsils”. Sprays: “Ingalipt”, “Yoks”, “Kameton”, “Proposol”. They have antiseptic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, take at least 4 times a day.
  • Cough medicine. Begin to use on the second day from the onset of the disease. If the cough is dry, then you need to take mucolytic drugs (expectorants). Antitussive medications should not be taken so as not to block the cough reflex. Tablets: “Bromhexine”, “Mukaltin”. Cough syrups: “Althea”, “Ambroxol”, “Bronholitin”, “Gerbion”.

The drug “Erespal” is very effective in its use. It reduces inflammation in the respiratory tract, has an antitussive and antihistamine effect. Before using any product, be sure to read the instructions.

Treatment principle

To apply effective treatment, certain conditions must be met:

  1. Maintain semi-rest or bed rest. Do not carry the disease on your feet - this can lead to serious complications and you, as an infected person, are unsafe for others.
  2. Drink as much liquid as possible, this can be compote, mineral water, herbal decoction or tea. The temperature of the liquid should correspond to body temperature.
  3. Constantly moisturize the nasal mucosa with saline solutions - this will prevent the penetration of viruses and prevent complications from developing.
  4. The room temperature should be no more than 20° and no less than 17°. This is the optimal temperature to maintain moisture in the mucous membranes of the nose and throat.
  5. Constantly ventilate the room and do wet cleaning, this will kill viruses. In a warm and dry room, viruses become more active and are able to remain active for a long time.

Use of antipyretics

If you start lowering your temperature with medications, your body stops fighting viruses on its own. And it is more favorable for a person when the body itself defeats the infectious agent.

Antipyretics are indicated when a patient’s high temperature becomes life-threatening, if he does not tolerate it well, or with pathology of the cardiovascular or nervous system. Paracetamol is mainly prescribed as an antipyretic.

Ibuprofen is prescribed for the same purpose. Aspirin is contraindicated in such cases, since its side effects can cause serious complications in patients with influenza.

Antibiotics are prescribed only when complications develop (otitis media, pneumonia, sinusitis). The doctor must prescribe comprehensive treatment to avoid the development of complications. Begin treating the first signs of ARVI by observing the conditions, bed or semi-bed rest, drinking plenty of fluids and maintaining comfortable conditions where the patient is.

Features of the disease in older people

The disease occurs in more severe forms and is more difficult to treat; older patients are more likely to have complications. Older people have low immunity and the virus, once it enters the body, aggravates chronic diseases that a person has.

In this regard, the disease of ARVI occurs in a more severe form. Their nasal mucosa is thinned and atrophied, which is poor protection against infection, so they are still at risk for the incidence of diseases.

Elderly people must take preventive measures, which contain the following rules:

  • do not visit public places and crowded places (cultural events, transport, etc.);
  • regularly ventilate the room and do wet cleaning;
  • sanitize foci of infection and treat chronic diseases;
  • use vitamins and immunostimulants.

If, nevertheless, symptoms appear in an elderly person and he is taking medications for chronic diseases at this time, then they need to be temporarily discontinued. They may not be combined with the new treatment for ARVI.

The doctor must take the treatment of ARVI seriously, correctly identify the true causative agent of the disease and prescribe antiviral drugs for treatment. It is important to prevent complications from developing after the disease.

If a complication begins to develop, the patient has the following symptoms:

  • Hyperthermia persists for more than five days.
  • The patient's condition worsens.
  • Additional symptoms appear: headache, stuffy nose, hearing has become worse, shortness of breath, possible vomiting.

With such symptoms, consultation with a specialist is necessary. This may be a secondary bacterial infection, and it requires other treatment. If the disease becomes more complicated, antibiotic therapy is required.

You will get maximum results if you carry out comprehensive treatment for ARVI, take all medications prescribed by your doctor and remember to stay in bed.

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Tablets for ARVI in adults

Medicines for the treatment of ARVI

Acute respiratory viral infection is the most common diagnosis made by doctors in the autumn-spring period of the year. ARVI is caused by various pathogens (adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, parainfluenza viruses, etc.), so a person can get sick with this disease several times during the year. Viruses enter the human body mainly through airborne droplets, and in more rare cases through environmental objects.

Treatment for ARVI must begin after the first symptoms appear, otherwise there is a high probability of developing complications that significantly complicate the recovery process.

Treatment of infection should be approached comprehensively. Medicines for ARVI and influenza are used to eliminate viruses, as well as to reduce the manifestations of the disease.

note

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In addition, it is useful to carry out additional procedures - warming, inhalation, as well as the use of agents that enhance the body's defenses.

Systemic therapy

To suppress pathogenic microflora, the doctor may prescribe the following medications:

  • specific antiviral drugs. Antiviral drugs for ARVI are divided into M2 channel inhibitors (Remantadine) and neuraminidase inhibitors (Tamiflu). Drugs from the first group prevent the virus from multiplying after it enters the cell. Such drugs show high effectiveness against influenza A viruses. In particular, Remantadine is used for prophylactic purposes during epidemiological danger, as well as for the treatment of an already existing disease. This drug can be used for children over 7 years of age. The product can have a negative effect on the digestive and nervous systems, so it is used as prescribed by a doctor. Neuraminidase inhibitors effectively act on all known types of viruses. Tamiflu is part of the group of potent drugs, therefore it is used in difficult epidemiological situations. This remedy is not used in the treatment of a common viral infection. Tamiflu is prescribed for the prevention and treatment of influenza in adults and children after 1 year.
  • interferons (Viferon, Gripfferon). These ARVI medications are effective against many pathogens. Interferons begin to act almost immediately after use (just like antiviral drugs). The drug Gripferon can be used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes for adults and children at any age. This product is also safe for women during pregnancy and lactation.
  • immunostimulants (Ergoferon, Anaferon). Under the influence of these drugs, the antiviral defense of the human body is enhanced. Such medications are used for ARVI in adults, children of any age, pregnant and lactating women. Anaferon for children is available for persons under 18 years of age. There is debate among experts regarding the effectiveness of immunostimulants. Therefore, reviews from both doctors and consumers about these drugs are contradictory.
  • antibiotics. The action of these agents is aimed at destroying bacteria. Therefore, it is advisable to use antibiotics if a bacterial infection is associated with an acute respiratory viral infection and complications develop.

Symptomatic therapy

To eliminate certain symptoms of ARVI, certain medications are used. Effective antipyretic drugs are Paracetamol and Ibuprofen. Aspirin can be used to reduce fever in adults, taking into account the possible side effects of this drug - irritation of the gastric mucosa, inhibition of hematopoiesis.

To eliminate swelling of the nasal mucosa and normalize nasal breathing, decongestants are used. It should be remembered that these drugs can cause addiction to the body.

When using such medications, it is recommended to frequently moisturize the nasal cavity with seawater-based preparations.

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You can cope with a dry cough with the help of centrally acting antitussive medications that suppress this reflex. Such medications should be used strictly as prescribed by a specialist. For coughs accompanied by sputum production, the use of mucolytics is indicated.

For ARVI, combination drugs can also be used. Such remedies are easy to use, quickly eliminate the symptoms of the disease, and improve the general condition of the sick person. The most popular drugs are Fervex, Coldrex, Theraflu, Antigrippin.

Homeopathy

Homeopathic remedies can also be used in the treatment of ARVI. The drug Oscillococcinum is used for medicinal purposes in acute respiratory viral infections and influenza in a mild form. The product can also be used to prevent viral diseases.

Oscillococcinum is approved for use at any age. During pregnancy, the drug is prescribed with caution, but there are no direct contraindications.

The homeopathic drug Aflubin effectively fights inflammation and fever, strengthens the body's immune defense, and has a detrimental effect on viruses. The product eliminates clinical manifestations - cough, rhinitis, sore throat and others. Aflubin can be taken to treat adults, children, and women during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

To prevent the development of dangerous complications, when the first signs of ARVI occur, you should consult a doctor. The specialist will conduct the necessary examination and select the most effective medicine.

Author: Yulia Barabash

ARVI: symptoms and treatment in adults

ARVIs are acute respiratory viral infections that are caused by more than 200 types of viral pathogens.

To provide the patient with quality care, the doctor prescribes drugs with a complex spectrum of action.

Such drugs contain active agents that provide symptom relief and rapid elimination of the disease.

This article will reveal the symptoms of ARVI and methods of treating this disease in adults.

Symptoms of ARVI in adults

Symptoms of ARVI are:

  • chills;
  • weakness in the body;
  • itchy nose and runny nose;
  • chest pain;
  • sore and sore throat;
  • dry cough, which after a few days turns into a cough with sputum;
  • temperature (can be high, but more often it is up to 38C);
  • headache;
  • aching joints.

Causes of ARVI

  1. Influenza viruses. Common influenza pathogens are viruses of types A and B. On the 1-2 day of infection, the first symptoms of the disease appear. A person is sick for seven days. If left untreated, recovery will take longer and be more difficult.
  2. Rhinovirus microorganisms that enter the nasal mucosa. Rhinoviruses cause a runny nose and are transmitted by airborne droplets. 2-4 days after infection, the first symptoms of the disease will appear. With effective therapy, the patient will be cured within 5-10 days.
  3. Adenoviruses A, B, C, E, which cause acute infection of the respiratory tract and eyes. When infected with an adenovirus, the body temperature rises, the throat becomes inflamed, and conjunctivitis appears.
  4. Parainfluenza is a virus in which the larynx becomes inflamed, laryngitis develops, and then the bronchi become infected. Sometimes the nasal mucosa becomes damaged and a runny nose appears. The initial symptoms of parainfluenza appear 2-7 days after infection. Treatment for the disease lasts approximately 7-8 days.

Treatment of ARVI in adults

ARVI is treated in the following way:

  1. Bed rest. This is necessary to fight infection and prevent complications of the disease.
  2. Drinking plenty of water. Drinking plenty of warm water (3-4 l/day) helps to accelerate the elimination from the body of toxins produced by viruses that poison the entire body. It is advisable that the drink contains vitamin C. This includes rose hips, as well as juices and fruit drinks from cranberries, lingonberries, and oranges. Tea with raspberries, lemon and honey also has a beneficial effect on the body during ARVI.
  3. Rinsing the nose. The nasal cavity must be rinsed so that the infection does not spread throughout the body, and rinsing also reduces swelling of the nose and draws out mucus.
  4. Gargling. The throat must be gargled to prevent the infection from spreading. Gargling helps relieve cough. Soda-salt solution, decoctions of chamomile, calendula, and sage are suitable for gargling.
  5. Inhalation. This procedure is aimed at relieving cough. Among folk remedies, for inhalation you can use steam from jacket potatoes, as well as decoctions of chamomile, calendula, mint and other medicinal herbs. Among modern means, a nebulizer can be used for inhalation.
  6. Treatment of ARVI according to symptoms.

ARVI: treatment for adults - drugs are inexpensive but effective

Medicines that are prescribed to adults for ARVI for effective treatment are divided into the following groups:

  1. Antiviral drugs that respond to the causative agent of the disease. It is recommended to take medications with interferon, a substance that prevents the proliferation of viral cells.
  2. Antibacterial medications. Antibiotics are often prescribed if the disease is caused by bacteria, and for complications (pneumonia, bronchitis).
  3. Immunostimulants. These are preparations based on ascorbic acid. Vitamin C affects the production of interferon.
  4. Immunomodulators – prevent the proliferation of bacteria, strengthen the immune system. Basically, these are homeopathic preparations based on medicinal herbs.

Inexpensive, effective drugs for the treatment of ARVI in adults are as follows.

Drugs in this category are characterized by antiviral, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and antiproliferative effects. Interferon stops the production of viral proteins. There are alpha and beta interferons.

The drug Betaferon is produced based on beta-interferon.

Alpha interferon in its pure form is sold as the drug Grippferon. Available in the form of a spray or drops. Costs rubles.

The drug Viferon contains the agents alpha and beta interferons. Available in suppositories, it is used for the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza.

Antiviral drugs that stimulate the production of interferon. Known drugs: Immunal, Immudon, Ribomunil, Isoprenosine, Methyluracil.

Immunal is more effective in the treatment of ARVI, since it stimulates the production of white blood cells and increases their ability to phagocytose. As a result, the antibodies produced quickly eliminate the virus.

Synthetic antiviral drugs

Often prescribed for the treatment of ARVI. The most inexpensive and effective: Arbidol, Tamiflu, Remantadine.

Drugs in this group are sometimes prescribed for the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and colds. The most popular: Aflubin, Oscillococcinum, Vibrukol. Thanks to natural active agents, the drugs activate the immune system. The price of Oscillococcinum starts from 350 rubles.

List of drugs for ARVI and their inexpensive analogues

  1. Aspirin (antipyretic, anti-inflammatory drug, active ingredient – ​​acetylsalicylic acid). Price: rubles. Analogue: Acetylsalicylic acid – 4-14 rubles.
  2. Xymelin, Otrivin, DlyaNos (drops, vasoconstrictors, for the runny nose; based on a solution of 0.1% xylometazoline). Price: rubles. Analog: Galazolin, costs rubles.
  3. Immunal is a drug that supports the body's defenses. Active ingredient: Echinacea extract. Price: rubles. Analog: echinacea tincture, price in rubles.
  4. Ambrobene, Lazolvan – cough medicine. Active ingredient: ambroxol. Price: rubles. An analogue is Ambroxol: rubles.
  5. Nurofen is an anti-inflammatory drug. The active ingredient is ibuprofen. Price: rubles. An analogue is Ibuprofen: price in rubles.
  6. Panadol is an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic drug. Price: rubles. Analog: Paracetamol, costs 5-15 rubles.
  7. Arbidol is an antiviral drug with immunomodulatory effects. Strengthens the body's defenses against ARVI and influenza. Price: rubles.
  8. Viferon - the drug destroys viruses, strengthens the immune system. Active ingredient: interferon alpha 2-b. Price: rubles.
  9. Kagocel – synthesizes interferon, characterized by antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. Price: rubles.

Other inexpensive drugs for the treatment of ARVI

  1. Ascorbic acid. It has an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic effect, strengthens the immune system. It is inexpensive - from 9 to 25 rubles. Sold in the form of chewable tablets, sometimes with flavors (raspberry, mint).
  2. Cough medications. The most popular is Lazolvan, but Ambroxal and Abrol can replace it. The drug Acetal C thins and removes mucus, softens cough. And the most famous and cheapest cough medicine is Mucaltin.
  3. Decoctions with medicinal herbs can provide first aid for acute respiratory diseases. This could be a decoction of chamomile, linden, or breast tea. But you definitely need to know whether the patient is allergic to medicinal herbs. They will not replace full-fledged drug treatment, but will relieve some symptoms. The price of natural herbs is on average in rubles.
  4. Mustard plasters. Sold in pharmacies, the active ingredient is mustard powder. Packaged in sachets. They are used as a local irritant and a distraction for acute respiratory viral infections and other diseases. Price: rubles.
  5. Steam inhalations. It is not recommended to use it in the first days of the disease, because the patient’s condition may worsen. Inhalation in this case spreads the infection throughout the body due to the fact that the steam dilates the vessels of the nasopharynx and respiratory tract. Therefore, harmful bacteria are activated. When the patient's condition improves, the doctor may prescribe inhalations as an antiseptic, distracting, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic remedy for ARVI (rhinitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, cough, bronchitis). Do not take inhalations if you are allergic to the active ingredients or have asthma. You can do inexpensive steam inhalations at home: take a bowl, pour boiling water into it, add 1-2 drops of eucalyptus essential oil (50-80 rubles), cover your head with a towel, and inhale the steam for an average of 5 minutes. The effect is noticeable immediately - mucus is coughed up and breathing improves.

Video - Treatment of ARVI

Complications of ARVI

If you do not take the necessary measures to treat ARVI, complications can lead to the following diseases:

  • Meningitis;
  • Otitis;
  • Laryngitis;
  • Tracheitis;
  • Pneumonia;
  • Sinusitis;
  • Sinusitis;
  • Conjunctivitis;
  • Neuritis;
  • Heart diseases;
  • Exacerbation of other chronic diseases.

Thus, when the first symptoms occur, treatment of ARVI in adults can be started independently with the help of medications, gargling, and nasal rinsing. If the temperature lasts longer than 5 days, you should definitely see a doctor, because Serious complications may occur.

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Symptoms and treatment of ARVI in adults

ARVI is an “acute respiratory viral infection”; the causative agent of this disease can only be a virus. Symptoms of acute respiratory viral infection in adults develop rapidly, and the faster responses to the invasion of infection are taken and treatment is started, the easier the immune system will cope with the disease.

Pathogens of ARVI

The group of pathogens of respiratory infections includes more than 200 viruses, united by a common clinical picture of the disease and the localization of the source of inflammation in the respiratory organs.

ARVI refers to diseases caused by viruses, in contrast to the more general group of acute respiratory diseases, acute respiratory infections, which includes viral and bacterial infections.

The most common pathogens of acute respiratory viral infections, with the exception of influenza viruses, which are considered as a special disease, include infections:

  • parainfluenza - die at room temperature in 4 hours, destroyed in 30 minutes when heated to 50 0 C;
  • respiratory syncytial (RS) virus is highly contagious, but unstable, and dies in 3 minutes at a temperature of 55 0 C;
  • adenovirus – persists for 2 weeks at a temperature of +18…+20 0 C, dies when irradiated with ultraviolet radiation (UV) or treated with chlorine;
  • rhinovirus - inactivated when dried after 5 minutes, dies after 10 minutes when kept at 50 0 C;
  • coronavirus is unstable, dies at 56 0 C in 15 minutes.

Respiratory infections affect children more often and more severely than adults.

In adults, acute respiratory viral infections caused by adenovirus, parainfluenza, CP virus, and coronavirus were of particular danger in the epidemiological season, occurring not only as monoinfections, but also with signs of mixed diseases.

Adenovirus

The targets for 32 known types of adenoviruses are the respiratory organs, eyes, and lymph nodes. Infection with adenovirus, like most acute respiratory viral infections, occurs through airborne droplets and manifests itself in adults with symptoms:

  • nasal congestion. runny nose - early and characteristic signs;
  • lacrimation, conjunctivitis - develop in 33% of patients;
  • rawness. sore throat - can occur in isolation, like pharyngitis;
  • enlarged lymph nodes – lymph nodes in the neck, armpit, and groin are often enlarged;
  • cough ;
  • chills, fever – temperature persists for 4-14 days;
  • headache;
  • lack of appetite;
  • muscle pain.

An increase in temperature during adenoviral ARVI does not cause intoxication of the body, as with the flu, and is more easily tolerated by the body. Sometimes the intestines are affected with the development of diarrhea and inflammation of the mesenteric lymph nodes.

The virus can infect the eyes in isolation, without infecting the respiratory system, causing inflammation of the cornea, keratoconjunctivitis.

Complications of adenovirus infection are caused by the addition of bacterial microflora to the process and the development of:

A sign of pneumonia is a sharp deterioration in the patient’s condition, an increase in temperature to 39 0 C, and the appearance of shortness of breath.

The virus mainly affects the lower respiratory tract, complicated (in 25% of cases) by pneumonia. Children under one year of age have pneumonia. caused by the RS virus, can cause death (0.5% of cases).

Adults become infected with the RS virus less frequently than children, since immunity after infection lasts for life.

Characteristic symptoms of ARVI caused by the RS virus are:

  • paroxysmal dry cough is the leading symptom; the duration of such a painful cough can reach up to 3 weeks;
  • shortness of breath with difficulty exhaling;
  • tightness in the chest;
  • bluish color of lips.

Signs of intoxication are less pronounced than with the flu. In adults, ARVI manifests itself with symptoms such as headache, weakness, temperature of about 38 0 C, which is easy for an adult to treat at home on their own.

For acute respiratory viral infections, you can use drugs to strengthen the immune system and treat cold symptoms at home, as described in the article “How to boost the immunity of an adult.”

The cause of the disease in 20% of cases of acute respiratory viral infection in adults is parainfluenza viruses. Symptoms of parainfluenza appear in the nasal cavity and larynx.

The parainfluenza virus parasitizes epithelial cells, destroying them. Decay products enter the blood, causing symptoms of intoxication, but less pronounced than with the flu.

From the introduction of the virus to recovery in adults, in the absence of complications in the form of pneumonia, it takes days; the characteristic symptoms are:

Symptoms of rhinovirus infection include runny nose, cough, tickling, weakness, muscle pain, and heaviness in the head. The disease lasts up to 2 weeks, the temperature usually does not rise above subfebrile values ​​(37.5 0 C).

In adults, acute respiratory viral infections caused by rhinovirus most often occur without complications, and the most unpleasant symptoms are a dry cough and stuffy ears. hearing loss, heaviness in the maxillary sinuses, lack of smell.

Rhinovirus infection is complicated by sinusitis and bronchitis. bronchiolitis.

The treatment regimen for ARVI in adults depends on the type of infection that caused the disease. For all types of viral infections, it is important to start treatment in the first hours of illness.

From the first hours of the onset of ARVI symptoms, no later than 48 hours, begin taking one of the drugs 2 times a day:

  • rimantadine or amantadine – 0.1 g each;
  • oseltamivir (Tamiflu) – 0.075 – 0.15 g;
  • zanamivir (Relenza).
You need to take antiviral drugs for 5 days. For adults over 65 years of age, the daily dosage when treating with amantadine should not exceed 0.1 g.

In addition to antiviral agents, interferons and immunomodulators are used to treat viral infections. The severity of ARVI is reduced with the use of the immunostimulating drug Arbidol. For other immunostimulating drugs, read the article Drugs to enhance immunity in adults.

Taking interferon drugs enhances the phagocytic activity of the immune system and stimulates the production of specific antibodies to viruses. Interferons Grippferon, Alfaron, Viferon, Ingaron are used against ARVI in adults.

Interferon inducer drugs - Cycloferon, Neovir, Kagocel, Tiloron - have antiviral properties and an immunomodulatory effect.

Features of treatment of adenovirus, RS infection

In severe forms of ARVI caused by adenovirus, adults are treated in infectious diseases departments due to the highly contagious nature of the disease.

In the hospital, patients are administered drugs:

  • normal immunoglobulin with specific antibodies to adenovirus intramuscularly;
  • They are treated intravenously with detoxification solutions - hemodez, glucose with ascorbic acid are infused.

When symptoms of conjunctivitis appear, immunoglobulins are dropped into the corner of the eye. And if the condition worsens, add rinsing with 2% boric acid, instillation of albucid, 0.2% solution of the deoxyribonuclease enzyme. They also use 0.25% tebrofen ointment, placing it behind the eyelid.

When treating ARVI caused by the RS virus, inhalation of ribaverin through a nebulizer is recommended. How to treat ARVI and influenza from the first day of illness at home can be read on the page “Cheap and effective antiviral drugs in adults.”

And a detailed list of medications for the treatment of influenza and ARVI can be found on the page “Effective antiviral drugs”, which indicates how to inexpensively treat respiratory infections in adults.

Symptomatic treatment

To improve well-being, patients are prescribed medications:

When the temperature rises above 38 0 C, Paracetamol is prescribed, which not only reduces the temperature, but has an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect, reducing headaches.

For ARVI with a strong dry cough, adults are recommended to take the combined antitussive drug Bronholitin, which reduces the intensity of attacks. How else you can treat a dry cough in adults with ARVI is described in the article “Cough medicines”.

To thin the sputum during ARVI, you need to be treated for cough with combined expectorants Lazolvan, Thermopsis, Gedelix, which is described in detail on the page “Treatment of dry cough in adults.”

To alleviate a sore throat in adults with ARVI, you can dissolve tablets of Faringosept, Hexoral Tabs, drink warm milk with honey, gargle, do oil inhalations, which is described in detail in the “Procedures” section.

Against nasal congestion and runny nose during ARVI in adults, vasoconstrictor nasal drops Vibrocil, Nazivin, Otrivin, Sanorin are used.

Prevention

Preventive measures during the cold season for adults include personal hygiene, flu vaccination, a nutritious diet and strengthening the immune system. The adult body is quite capable of resisting the invasion of any respiratory virus, provided that the immune system is effective.

Continuing the topic, read about one of the most popular preventive measures during the cold season - vaccination - in our article Flu shot.

Sources: http://prostudnik.ru/bolezni/orvi/lekarstva-vzroslym-i-detjam.html, http://virusi-bakterii.ru/orvi-simptomi-lechenie.html, http://loramed.ru/ bolezni/prostuda/orvi-u-vzroslyih.html

It is important to know!

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  • Acute purulent arthritis;
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  • Contracture - restriction of joint mobility;
  • Pathological dislocation is the release of the head of the joint from the articular fossa.

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Source: http://orvimed.ru/tabletki-pri-orvi-u-vzroslyh.html

ARVI: symptoms and treatment in adults

ARVIs are acute respiratory viral infections that are caused by more than 200 types of viral pathogens.

To provide the patient with quality care, the doctor prescribes drugs with a complex spectrum of action.

Such drugs contain active agents that provide symptom relief and rapid elimination of the disease.

This article will reveal the symptoms of ARVI and methods of treating this disease in adults.

Symptoms of ARVI in adults

Symptoms of ARVI are:

  • chills;
  • weakness in the body;
  • itchy nose and runny nose;
  • chest pain;
  • sore and sore throat;
  • dry cough, which after a few days turns into a cough with sputum;
  • temperature (can be high, but more often it is up to 38C);
  • headache;
  • aching joints.

Causes of ARVI

  1. Influenza viruses. Common influenza pathogens are viruses of types A and B. On the 1-2 day of infection, the first symptoms of the disease appear. A person is sick for seven days. If left untreated, recovery will take longer and be more difficult.
  2. Rhinovirus microorganisms that enter the nasal mucosa. Rhinoviruses cause a runny nose and are transmitted by airborne droplets. 2-4 days after infection, the first symptoms of the disease will appear. With effective therapy, the patient will be cured within 5-10 days.
  3. Adenoviruses A, B, C, E, which cause acute infection of the respiratory tract and eyes. When infected with an adenovirus, the body temperature rises, the throat becomes inflamed, and conjunctivitis appears.
  4. Parainfluenza is a virus in which the larynx becomes inflamed, laryngitis develops, and then the bronchi become infected. Sometimes the nasal mucosa becomes damaged and a runny nose appears. The initial symptoms of parainfluenza appear 2-7 days after infection. Treatment for the disease lasts approximately 7-8 days.

Treatment of ARVI in adults

ARVI is treated in the following way:

  1. Bed rest. This is necessary to fight infection and prevent complications of the disease.
  2. Drinking plenty of water. Drinking plenty of warm water (3-4 l/day) helps to accelerate the elimination from the body of toxins produced by viruses that poison the entire body. It is advisable that the drink contains vitamin C. This includes rose hips, as well as juices and fruit drinks from cranberries, lingonberries, and oranges. Tea with raspberries, lemon and honey also has a beneficial effect on the body during ARVI.
  3. Rinsing the nose. The nasal cavity must be rinsed so that the infection does not spread throughout the body, and rinsing also reduces swelling of the nose and draws out mucus.
  4. Gargling. The throat must be gargled to prevent the infection from spreading. Gargling helps relieve cough. Soda-salt solution, decoctions of chamomile, calendula, and sage are suitable for gargling.
  5. Inhalation. This procedure is aimed at relieving cough. Among folk remedies, for inhalation you can use steam from jacket potatoes, as well as decoctions of chamomile, calendula, mint and other medicinal herbs. Among modern means, a nebulizer can be used for inhalation.
  6. Treatment of ARVI according to symptoms.

ARVI: treatment for adults - drugs are inexpensive but effective

Medicines that are prescribed to adults for ARVI for effective treatment are divided into the following groups:

  1. Antiviral drugs that respond to the causative agent of the disease. It is recommended to take medications with interferon, a substance that prevents the proliferation of viral cells.
  2. Antibacterial medications. Antibiotics are often prescribed if the disease is caused by bacteria, and for complications (pneumonia, bronchitis).
  3. Immunostimulants. These are preparations based on ascorbic acid. Vitamin C affects the production of interferon.
  4. Immunomodulators – prevent the proliferation of bacteria, strengthen the immune system. Basically, these are homeopathic preparations based on medicinal herbs.

Inexpensive, effective drugs for the treatment of ARVI in adults are as follows.

The drug Betaferon is produced based on beta-interferon.

Alpha interferon in its pure form is sold as the drug Grippferon. Available in the form of a spray or drops. Costs rubles.

The drug Viferon contains the agents alpha and beta interferons. Available in suppositories, it is used for the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza.

Immunal is more effective in the treatment of ARVI, since it stimulates the production of white blood cells and increases their ability to phagocytose. As a result, the antibodies produced quickly eliminate the virus.

List of drugs for ARVI and their inexpensive analogues

  1. Aspirin (antipyretic, anti-inflammatory drug, active ingredient – ​​acetylsalicylic acid). Price: rubles. Analogue: Acetylsalicylic acid – 4-14 rubles.
  2. Xymelin, Otrivin, DlyaNos (drops, vasoconstrictors, for the runny nose; based on a solution of 0.1% xylometazoline). Price: rubles. Analog: Galazolin, costs rubles.
  3. Immunal is a drug that supports the body's defenses. Active ingredient: Echinacea extract. Price: rubles. Analog: echinacea tincture, price in rubles.
  4. Ambrobene, Lazolvan – cough medicine. Active ingredient: ambroxol. Price: rubles. An analogue is Ambroxol: rubles.
  5. Nurofen is an anti-inflammatory drug. The active ingredient is ibuprofen. Price: rubles. An analogue is Ibuprofen: price in rubles.
  6. Panadol is an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic drug. Price: rubles. Analog: Paracetamol, costs 5-15 rubles.
  7. Arbidol is an antiviral drug with immunomodulatory effects. Strengthens the body's defenses against ARVI and influenza. Price: rubles.
  8. Viferon - the drug destroys viruses, strengthens the immune system. Active ingredient: interferon alpha 2-b. Price: rubles.
  9. Kagocel – synthesizes interferon, characterized by antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. Price: rubles.

Other inexpensive drugs for the treatment of ARVI

  1. Ascorbic acid. It has an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic effect, strengthens the immune system. It is inexpensive - from 9 to 25 rubles. Sold in the form of chewable tablets, sometimes with flavors (raspberry, mint).
  2. Cough medications. The most popular is Lazolvan, but Ambroxal and Abrol can replace it. The drug Acetal C thins and removes mucus, softens cough. And the most famous and cheapest cough medicine is Mucaltin.
  3. Decoctions with medicinal herbs can provide first aid for acute respiratory diseases. This could be a decoction of chamomile, linden, or breast tea. But you definitely need to know whether the patient is allergic to medicinal herbs. They will not replace full-fledged drug treatment, but will relieve some symptoms. The price of natural herbs is on average in rubles.
  4. Mustard plasters. Sold in pharmacies, the active ingredient is mustard powder. Packaged in sachets. They are used as a local irritant and a distraction for acute respiratory viral infections and other diseases. Price: rubles.
  5. Steam inhalations. It is not recommended to use it in the first days of the disease, because the patient’s condition may worsen. Inhalation in this case spreads the infection throughout the body due to the fact that the steam dilates the vessels of the nasopharynx and respiratory tract. Therefore, harmful bacteria are activated. When the patient's condition improves, the doctor may prescribe inhalations as an antiseptic, distracting, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic remedy for ARVI (rhinitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, cough, bronchitis). Do not take inhalations if you are allergic to the active ingredients or have asthma. You can do inexpensive steam inhalations at home: take a bowl, pour boiling water into it, add 1-2 drops of eucalyptus essential oil (50-80 rubles), cover your head with a towel, and inhale the steam for an average of 5 minutes. The effect is noticeable immediately - mucus is coughed up and breathing improves.

Video - Treatment of ARVI

Complications of ARVI

If you do not take the necessary measures to treat ARVI, complications can lead to the following diseases:

Thus, when the first symptoms occur, treatment of ARVI in adults can be started independently with the help of medications, gargling, and nasal rinsing. If the temperature lasts longer than 5 days, you should definitely see a doctor, because Serious complications may occur.

I have all the symptoms of ARVI, I just can’t recover. The cough only gets worse.

Be sure to consult a doctor - ARVI could turn into bronchitis or, even worse, into pneumonia. We need to take a photo.

Source: http://virusi-bakterii.ru/orvi-simptomi-lechenie.html