Consequences of adenoids in children

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Adenoids in children - what is it, should it be removed or not?

Adenoids are found mainly in children from 3 to 12 years old and cause a lot of discomfort and trouble for both the children themselves and their parents, and therefore require immediate treatment.

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Often the course of the disease becomes complicated, after which adenoiditis occurs - inflammation of the adenoids.

Adenoids in children can appear in early preschool age and persist for several years. In middle school they usually decrease in size and gradually atrophy.

Adenoids do not occur in adults: the symptoms of the disease are characteristic only of childhood. Even if you had this disease as a child, it does not return in adulthood.

Reasons for the development of adenoids in children

What it is? Adenoids in the nose in children are nothing more than the growth of tissue in the pharyngeal tonsil. This is an anatomical formation that is normally part of the immune system. The nasopharyngeal tonsil holds the first line of defense against various microorganisms seeking to enter the body with inhaled air.

During illness, the tonsil enlarges, and when the inflammation subsides, it returns to its normal appearance. In the case when the time between diseases is too short (say, a week or even less), the growths do not have time to decrease. Thus, being in a state of constant inflammation, they grow even larger and sometimes “swell” to such an extent that they block the entire nasopharynx.

The pathology is most typical for children aged 3–7 years. Rarely diagnosed in children under one year of age. Overgrown adenoid tissue often undergoes reverse development, so adenoid vegetations practically do not occur in adolescence and adulthood. Despite this feature, the problem cannot be ignored, since an enlarged and inflamed tonsil is a constant source of infection.

The development of adenoids in children is promoted by frequent acute and chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract: pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis. The triggering factor for the growth of adenoids in children can be infections - influenza, ARVI, measles, diphtheria, scarlet fever, whooping cough, rubella, etc. Syphilitic infection (congenital syphilis), tuberculosis can play a certain role in the growth of adenoids in children. Adenoids in children can occur as an isolated pathology of lymphoid tissue, but much more often they are combined with tonsillitis.

Among other reasons leading to the occurrence of adenoids in children, there is increased allergization of the child’s body, hypovitaminosis, nutritional factors, fungal invasions, unfavorable social and living conditions, etc.

Symptoms of adenoids in the nose in a child

In a normal state, adenoids in children do not have symptoms that interfere with normal life - the child simply does not notice them. But as a result of frequent colds and viral diseases, adenoids tend to enlarge. This happens because, in order to fulfill its direct function of retaining and destroying microbes and viruses, the adenoids are strengthened through proliferation. Inflammation of the tonsils is the process of destroying pathogenic microbes, which is the reason for the increase in size of the glands.

The main signs of adenoids are the following:

  • frequent prolonged runny nose, which is difficult to treat;
  • difficulty breathing through the nose even in the absence of a runny nose;
  • constant mucous discharge from the nose, which leads to irritation of the skin around the nose and on the upper lip;
  • inhales with the mouth open, the lower jaw droops, the nasolabial folds smooth out, the face acquires an indifferent expression;
  • poor, restless sleep;
  • snoring and wheezing during sleep, sometimes holding your breath;
  • lethargic, apathetic state, decreased academic performance and performance, attention and memory;
  • attacks of night suffocation, characteristic of adenoids of the second or third degree;
  • constant dry cough in the morning;
  • involuntary movements: nervous tics and blinking;
  • the voice loses sonority, becomes dull, hoarse; lethargy, apathy;
  • complaints of headache, which occurs due to lack of oxygen supply to the brain;
  • hearing loss - the child often asks again.

Modern otolaryngology divides adenoids into three degrees:

  • 1st degree: the child’s adenoids are small. In this case, during the day the child breathes freely, difficulty breathing is felt at night, in a horizontal position. The child often sleeps with his mouth slightly open.
  • 2nd degree: the child’s adenoids are significantly enlarged. The child is forced to breathe through his mouth all the time and snores quite loudly at night.
  • 3rd degree: the child’s adenoids completely or almost completely block the nasopharynx. The child does not sleep well at night. Unable to restore his strength during sleep, he gets tired easily during the day and his attention is distracted. He has a headache. He is forced to constantly keep his mouth open, as a result of which his facial features change. The nasal cavity stops ventilating, and a chronic runny nose develops. The voice becomes nasal, speech becomes slurred.

Unfortunately, parents often pay attention to deviations in the development of adenoids only at stages 2-3, when difficult or absent nasal breathing is pronounced.

Adenoids in children: photo

We offer detailed photos for viewing of what adenoids look like in children.

Treatment of adenoids in children

In the case of adenoids in children, there are two types of treatment - surgical and conservative. Whenever possible, doctors try to avoid surgery. But in some cases you cannot do without it.

Conservative treatment of adenoids in children without surgery is the most correct, priority direction in the treatment of hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil. Before agreeing to surgery, parents should use all available treatment options to avoid adenotomy.

If the ENT insists on surgical removal of the adenoids, do not rush, this is not an urgent operation when there is no time for reflection and additional observation and diagnosis. Wait, watch the child, listen to the opinions of other specialists, make a diagnosis after a few months and try all conservative methods.

Now, if drug treatment does not give the desired effect, and the child has a constant chronic inflammatory process in the nasopharynx, then for consultation you should contact operating doctors, those who perform the adenotomy themselves.

Grade 3 adenoids in children - to remove or not?

When choosing between adenotomy or conservative treatment, one cannot rely solely on the degree of proliferation of the adenoids. With grade 1-2 adenoids, most people believe that there is no need to remove them, but with grade 3, surgery is simply necessary. This is not entirely true, it all depends on the quality of the diagnosis; there are often cases of false diagnosis, when the examination is carried out against the background of an illness or after a recent cold, the child is diagnosed with grade 3 and is advised to remove the adenoids promptly.

And after a month, the adenoids noticeably decrease in size, as they were enlarged due to the inflammatory process, while the child breathes normally and does not get sick too often. And there are cases, on the contrary, with 1-2 degrees of adenoids, the child suffers from constant acute respiratory viral infections, recurrent otitis, sleep apnea syndrome occurs - even 1-2 degrees can be an indication for removal of the adenoids.

The famous pediatrician Komarovsky will also talk about grade 3 adenoids:

Conservative therapy

Complex conservative therapy is used for moderate uncomplicated enlargement of the tonsils and includes treatment with medications, physical therapy and breathing exercises.

The following drugs are usually prescribed:

  1. Antiallergic (antihistamine) - tavegil, suprastin. They are used to reduce the manifestations of allergies, they eliminate swelling of the nasopharyngeal tissues, pain and the amount of discharge.
  2. Antiseptics for topical use – collargol, protargol. These drugs contain silver and destroy pathogenic microflora.
  3. Homeopathy is the safest known method, which combines well with traditional treatment (however, the effectiveness of the method is very individual - it helps some well, but poorly for others).
  4. Washing. The procedure removes pus from the surface of the adenoids. It is performed only by a doctor using the “cuckoo” method (introducing a solution into one nostril and suctioning it out of the other with a vacuum) or a nasopharyngeal shower. If you decide to do rinsing at home, push the pus even deeper.
  5. Physiotherapy. Quartz treatment of the nose and throat, as well as laser therapy with a light guide through the nose into the nasopharynx, are effective.
  6. Climatotherapy - treatment in specialized sanatoriums not only inhibits the proliferation of lymphoid tissue, but also has a positive effect on the child’s body as a whole.
  7. Multivitamins to strengthen the immune system.

Physiotherapy procedures include heating, ultrasound, and ultraviolet light.

Removal of adenoids in children

Adenotomy is the surgical removal of the pharyngeal tonsils. The attending physician can best tell you how to remove adenoids in children. In a nutshell, the pharyngeal tonsil is grasped and cut off with a special instrument. This is done in one motion and the whole operation takes no more than 15 minutes.

An undesirable method of treating the disease for two reasons:

  • Firstly, adenoids grow quickly and, if there is a predisposition to this disease, they will become inflamed again and again, and any operation, even something as simple as adenotomy, is stressful for children and parents.
  • Secondly, the pharyngeal tonsils perform a barrier-protective function, which, as a result of the removal of the adenoids, is lost to the body.

In addition, in order to perform an adenotomy (that is, removal of the adenoids), it is necessary to have indications. These include:

  • frequent relapse of the disease (more than four times a year);
  • recognized ineffectiveness of conservative treatment;
  • the appearance of respiratory arrest during sleep;
  • the appearance of various complications (arthritis, rheumatism, glomerulonephritis, vasculitis);
  • nasal breathing disorders;
  • very frequent recurring otitis media;
  • very frequent recurring acute respiratory viral infections.

It is worth understanding that surgery is a kind of undermining of the immune system of a small patient. Therefore, for a long time after the intervention it must be protected from inflammatory diseases. The postoperative period is necessarily accompanied by drug therapy - otherwise there is a risk of tissue regrowth.

Contraindications to adenotomy are some blood diseases, as well as skin and infectious diseases in the acute period.

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Adenoids in adults

13 comments

My daughter is 4 years old. She was diagnosed a year ago, was treated and had practically no pain, she was bothered by difficulty breathing, very poor sleep, and they began to notice that the child had difficulty hearing. We decided not to delay and a week ago we had our adenoids and tonsils removed, the operation was carried out under local anesthesia.

Mommies, don’t wait to have surgery. Yes, of course it’s scary, exciting, but what a joy it is to watch when a child sleeps peacefully and breathes well.

I had my adenoids removed when I was 6 years old. The eldest son snored from birth, and my husband and I were touched by the way he grunted. We were touched until 2.2 until we went to visit relatives one day and one mother said - guys, your boy speaks loudly through his nose, you don’t notice it, because you hear it all the time, check your adenoids. The baby got sick and began to choke in his sleep, we ran to a paid doctor, gave him expensive emergency tests, diagnosed the Epstein Barr Virus - I was in shock. We treat - there is no result.

We are from Ryazan, but we have already lived in Moscow for 10 years. So I took my baby and went to Ryazan, to the same hospital where my adenoids were removed 25 years ago. As a result, Makar was 2.4 when we removed his adenoids, the doctor came up to us after the operation, while Makar was sleeping after anesthesia and said: “Do you hear? sleeps quietly like an angel.” I cannot describe how he was out of breath the night before the operation. Now he is 7.5 years old and there are no new growths, as well as no health problems.

Dasha, how was the child’s adenoids removed? Laser or the regular old method?

My son, 7 years old, is struggling with adenoids. They wanted to cut him out when he was 3.5 years old because he didn’t speak well, but they didn’t cut him out. We've been hanging out in the garden for the last year and again he started snoring in his sleep, holding his breath, and the snoring is so scary that I'm already jumping up at night.

During the day, he has his mouth open and speaks through his nose, but his nose is not stuffy. We went to the ENT specialist, he prescribed some medicine and said it was a little expensive, but you can try it and it’s not sure that it will help... and if it doesn’t help, then cut it out. We ourselves are from Belarus. So I’m thinking about throwing away the money or cutting it out...

We are 3 years old. Grade 2 adenoids, ENT prescribed drips of derinat and the hormonal drug Nasonex, we have been dripping for the 7th day so far no effect

You definitely need to be treated with Nasonex for at least a month, you will see the effect only after 15-20 days!!

We are 4 years old, grade 2-3 adenoid, Nasonex was prescribed for grade 1-2. The first course of treatment really helped, the child stopped snoring, although not for long. After some time they prescribed me again, but it didn’t help.

My grandson had his adenoids removed in August! I can’t describe the conditions after the operation; it was hell for almost several months, not only that on the seventh day we were forced to take antibiotics! Okay, this is not about that anymore! Already in November, I bought thuja oil, a geomatic preparation that costs 150 rubles or even less. Manufacturer: Moscow. There is one made by St. Petersburg, but it’s much more expensive: 250, depending on which pharmacy you buy it from. So here it is. I started dripping three drops into each nostril three times a day, first sanitation and then after 10 minutes drops. You can’t even imagine that for two weeks he had green pieces coming out of his nasopharynx. Skustki. I was shocked. For 60 years, this was the first time I had seen this. I’ve never had anything like this happen in my life, especially since my 6-year-old grandson is now 6.5 years old. If I knew, they wouldn’t let me cut out this damn Meat. My conclusion is first conservative only by conservative method.

When I caught a cold, the snot began to flow like a river, but the domestic spray Morenasal with chamomile saved me. The cold went away faster and the runny nose disappeared.

My son is 9 years old, we have been treating grade 2 adenoids since he was 3, but there is no result, please advise what to do, maybe it would be better to remove them?

There is something like thuja oil.

There is thuja oil. Elenpe

Thuja oil helped us out for 1.5 years. And now there is zero reaction to him (I’m very upset and will apparently have to go to surgery ((((

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Adenoids in children: causes, symptoms and treatment

Unfortunately, adenoids today are one of the most common problems in children 3-7 years old. Moreover, over time the disease progresses and becomes younger. Today, every second child goes to an otolaryngologist with adenoid problems. And not in vain - timely treatment will allow you to get rid of adenoids, but a neglected condition can lead to real problems and a significant deterioration in the baby’s quality of life. Today we’ll talk about what adenoids are, how and why they appear, what to do about it and whether it is worth removing adenoids from a child.

What are adenoids

Adenoids are not an organ; this is the name given to a pathological increase in lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx. Between the pharynx and nose there is a nasopharyngeal tonsil, which is part of the pharyngeal ring. The organ is a shapeless substance in the form of a sponge. The tonsil performs a very important function - it protects the pharynx from various microbes that enter the body along with air, food, and water. It produces lymphocytes, which are necessary for a person to form immunity. Enlargement of the tonsil is called adenoid hypertrophy, and when this important part of the body becomes inflamed, adenoiditis is diagnosed. As a rule, adenoids are a concomitant symptom of some other disease, but this can develop into an independent chronic problem that prevents the child from living and breathing normally. Adenoids, as a rule, appear in children under 10 years of age; with age, the size of this tonsil decreases, sometimes in adults it disappears completely. But for children, this is an indispensable organ, because before the age of 5, a child is exposed to a huge number of viruses, bacteria, microbes - this is how his immunity is formed.

Why do adenoids enlarge?

Enlargement of the nasopharyngeal tonsil and proliferation of lymphoid tissue are quite typical for colds, and especially viral diseases. A child with ARVI cannot breathe through his nose, but this usually lasts no more than a week. In what other cases is there an enlargement of adenoids and why the tissues do not shrink for a long time, let’s try to figure it out.

  1. Frequent colds. If a child is constantly forced to come into contact with infected people, he often gets sick, this is especially pronounced if the immune system is weak. In this case, the tonsils simply do not have time to return to normal; they are constantly swollen. A similar condition is often observed in weak children who go to kindergarten.
  2. Infection. Many infectious diseases, among other symptoms, have exactly this manifestation - enlarged adenoids. If the child suddenly stops breathing through his nose, but there is no discharge from the nose, you need to examine the baby for a rash and monitor the temperature. Adenoids can be enlarged with scarlet fever, influenza, measles, mononucleosis, diphtheria, rubella, whooping cough, etc.
  3. Allergy. The constant presence of the tonsil in an enlarged and inflamed state may indicate regular contact with the allergen. That is, adenoids are a response to irritation of the mucous membrane. An allergen can be anything - food, plant pollen, dust, animal hair, etc.
  4. Reduced immunity. If a child is weak, does not walk in the fresh air, does not have a healthy and nutritious diet, if he constantly suffers from chronic and infectious diseases, his immunity is very weak. The body's defenses are also reduced if the child breathes dry and hot air, if he lives in a poor environmental environment, if he is surrounded by dust. Frequent consumption of sweets, preservatives and artificial colors, flavors, and overeating have a very detrimental effect on the condition of the body.
  5. Complications. Often, a child’s tendency to develop adenoids is a consequence of various problems the mother has during pregnancy. This is taking antibiotics, fetal trauma, intrauterine hypoxia, taking strong medications, drugs or alcohol, especially in the early stages of pregnancy.
  6. Heredity. Sometimes the structure of lymphoid tissue and its predisposition to increase is genetic. Namely, a pathology called lymphatism. This leads to a deterioration in the normal functioning of the thyroid gland - the child becomes lethargic, apathetic, and easily gains weight.
  7. Breast-feeding. It has long been proven that a child fed with breast milk for at least six months has a much stronger immune system; antibodies to various pathogens have been formed in the body.

All these reasons can trigger the occurrence of adenoiditis in children. But how does it manifest itself? How to recognize the disease in time and begin adequate treatment?

How to understand that a child has adenoids

Here are some characteristic symptoms that may indicate the development of this diagnosis.

  1. First of all, it is the inability to breathe through the nose. The child is forced to constantly breathe through the mouth, especially during sleep. Because of this, the baby’s lips often dry out, and crusts and sores appear on the delicate skin of the lips. In a dream, the baby constantly keeps his mouth open, his head thrown back.
  2. Breathing through the mouth is a very uncomfortable process, especially if the baby is forced to breathe this way constantly. Because of this, the child experiences mood swings and feels unwell. Lack of oxygen leads to headaches, increased fatigue, drowsiness, and decreased appetite.
  3. Due to nasal congestion, breastfed children cannot suckle normally at the breast or bottle - they have to constantly pause for breath, and breastfed children often lose weight because of this.
  4. For obvious reasons, the child cannot smell odors, and the cutting sense of smell is reduced.
  5. An obstruction in the nose does not allow the child to sleep normally - characteristic snoring, wheezing, constant air retention, shuddering, and attacks of suffocation are heard. The child does not sleep soundly and constantly wakes up crying.
  6. The mucous membrane of the mouth dries out when breathing, because it is not designed for such a load. In the morning, the child develops a barking cough until he drinks some water.
  7. The timbre of the child’s voice also changes, he begins to drone.
  8. A person needs the nose to clean and warm the inhaled air. But since the nose is closed, the air enters the body cold and dirty. This leads to frequent inflammation of the respiratory organs, bronchitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, etc.
  9. When significantly enlarged, the inflamed tonsil closes not only the nasal passages, but also the passage between the nasopharynx and the ear cavity. Because of this, frequent otitis media, pain and shooting in the ear occur, and often a long course of the disease leads to hearing impairment.
  10. Acute adenoiditis occurs most often against the background of a cold; it is accompanied by a high temperature and the flow of mucus from the nose.

To diagnose a disease, the first step is to be examined by a doctor. He examines the nasal passages, opening them with a special instrument. An examination of the throat is mandatory - the child is asked to swallow - while the soft palate moves and the adenoids vibrate slightly. A posterior (internal) examination of the throat is also often performed using a special mirror, but many children experience a gag reflex in this case. One of the most modern and informative ways to see the adenoids of your child or patient is to use an endoscope. The adenoids will be clearly presented on the screen, you will be able to see their size, accurately determine the degree of development of the disease and examine the mucus and blood on the surface, if any.

There are three stages of tonsil enlargement. The first stage of adenoids - they block the nasal passage by no more than a third, the child can breathe independently only while awake, while breathing is blocked when in a horizontal position. Second degree - breathing is blocked by more than half, the child breathes with difficulty during the day, and does not breathe through his nose at all at night. The last, third stage is a complete or almost complete absence of nasal breathing. A child's prolonged stay in the third stage is an indication for adenoid removal.

Drug treatment of adenoids

In the fight against adenoids, the main thing is to gradually and patiently follow the doctor’s orders. With the first and second degree of enlargement of the adenoids, the disease can be easily managed with medication, even if it is a chronic course of the disease.

If the adenoids are enlarged due to another disease, then all treatment comes down to fighting the underlying disease, in which case the adenoids quickly return to normal. For example, with mononucleosis, the adenoids are very pronounced, the child cannot take a single breath through the nose. But the disease is treated mainly with the help of antibacterial therapy, in this case the penicillin group. In other cases of acute and chronic adenoiditis, you can use the following medications to help open nasal breathing.

  1. Antihistamines. They are definitely needed, and not only for allergies. Antihistamines relieve swelling of the mucous membrane and tonsils by 20-30%, allowing the child to breathe at least a little through his nose. You can give your baby what you have at home, naturally, observing the dosage - this could be Zyrtec, Zodak, Suprastin, Lordes, Allergide, Fenistil, etc.
  2. Nasal rinsing. Pharmacies have special solutions and sprays that wash away excess mucus, bacteria, viruses from the adenoids, and also perfectly moisturize the mucous membrane. Among them are Aquamaris, Humer, Morimer. If desired, you can rinse your nose with plain salted water.
  3. Vasoconstrictors. For ease of use, they are usually presented in the form of a spray or drops. Such medications must be used, especially before bedtime. Unfortunately, they cannot be used for more than 5 days. It must be remembered that such drugs are used only to relieve symptoms - they do not have a therapeutic effect. Infants can only use medications that are appropriate for their age. Among the effective vasoconstrictors are Naphthyzin, Sanorin, Rinazolin, etc.
  4. Hormonal drops and sprays. This group of medications helps when all others can no longer cope with severe swelling in the nose. It is important to take them strictly according to the instructions - they can be addictive. Among such products are Nasonex, Hydrocartisone, Flix, etc.
  5. Antiseptics. They are especially necessary if the enlargement of the adenoids is caused by a viral or bacteriological nature. Among them I would like to mention Protorgol, Sofradex, Albucid, Isofra, etc.

For exhausted and dry nasal mucosa, you can use various oils - for example, sea buckthorn. A very effective vegetable oil-based drug is Pinosol. In the fight against sinusitis of various natures, use Sinupret - in drops or tablets. This is also an effective herbal preparation that can be given even to small children. Immunomodulators or vitamins are required to strengthen the baby’s general condition.

How else to cure adenoids

Here are some more effective ways to combat adenoids that do not involve the use of medications.

  1. Be sure to use proven homemade nasal drops in the fight against nasal congestion - this is diluted juice of aloe, kalanchoe, onion and garlic. Rinse your nose with salt water, using a syringe, a small teapot, or simply sniffing the water through one nostril.
  2. It is very useful to do inhalations - using a nebulizer or the old-fashioned way with a basin of hot water. Antiseptic drugs, decoctions of medicinal herbs, or simply salt water can be used as the main healing liquid. It is advisable to explain to the child that he must breathe through his nose.

Remember, complex therapy is prescribed only by a doctor. With the help of effective treatment, you can get rid of adenoiditis of the first and (less often) second degree. The third degree is treated conservatively only if there are clear contraindications to adenoid removal. In other cases, third and second degrees require surgical intervention.

Adenoid removal

Many parents are afraid of this operation, and in vain. Modern equipment allows you to remove the adenoids under general anesthesia, the child goes home the same day. Removal of adenoids is indicated if the baby cannot breathe independently through the nose, if illnesses often result in complications in the ears, if the child stops breathing at night. You need to understand that this simple operation significantly improves the child’s quality of life. Adenoids are not removed if the baby has serious heart disease, blood disease, or congenital anomalies of the hard and soft palate. Also, adenoids should not be removed during the flu season, or the baby should not be quarantined during the recovery period after surgery.

Adenoids are a serious pathology that requires timely treatment. Don't ignore your child's nasal congestion. With proper therapy, adenoids can be easily managed. But if you have a second or third degree of enlarged adenoids, do not be afraid of surgery, this will help the child live a normal life again. The most important thing is to find a good doctor to whom you can trust the most important thing - the health of your baby.

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Adenoids in children: causes, symptoms and treatment

A common reason for contacting a pediatric otolaryngologist is hypertrophy and inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsil. According to statistics, this disease accounts for about 50% of all diseases of the ENT organs in children of preschool and primary school age. Depending on the severity, it can lead to difficulty or even complete absence of nasal breathing in a child, frequent inflammation of the middle ear, hearing loss and other serious consequences. To treat adenoids, medications, surgical methods and physical therapy are used.

Pharyngeal tonsil and its functions

Tonsils are collections of lymphoid tissue localized in the nasopharynx and oral cavity. There are 6 of them in the human body: paired - palatine and tubal (2 pieces each), unpaired - lingual and pharyngeal. Together with lymphoid granules and lateral ridges on the posterior wall of the pharynx, they form a lymphatic pharyngeal ring surrounding the entrance to the respiratory and digestive tracts. The pharyngeal tonsil, the pathological growth of which is called adenoids, is attached at its base to the posterior wall of the nasopharynx at the point where the nasal cavity exits into the oral cavity. Unlike the palatine tonsils, it is not possible to see it without special equipment.

Tonsils are part of the immune system and perform a barrier function, preventing further penetration of pathogenic agents into the body. They form lymphocytes - cells responsible for humoral and cellular immunity.

In newborns and children in the first months of life, the tonsils are underdeveloped and do not function properly. Later, under the influence of pathogenic bacteria, viruses and toxins constantly attacking the small organism, the active development of all structures of the lymphatic pharyngeal ring begins. In this case, the pharyngeal tonsil is formed more actively than others, which is due to its location at the very beginning of the respiratory tract, in the zone of the body’s first contact with antigens. The folds of its mucous membrane thicken, lengthen, and take on the appearance of ridges separated by grooves. It reaches full development by 2–3 years.

As the immune system develops and antibodies accumulate after 9–10 years, the pharyngeal lymphatic ring undergoes uneven reverse development. The size of the tonsils decreases significantly, the pharyngeal tonsil often completely atrophies, and their protective function is transferred to the receptors of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract.

Causes of adenoids

The growth of adenoids occurs gradually. The most common cause of this phenomenon is frequent diseases of the upper respiratory tract (rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis and others). Each contact of the body with infection occurs with the active participation of the pharyngeal tonsil, which at the same time increases slightly in size. After recovery, when the inflammation passes, it returns to its original state. If during this period (2-3 weeks) the child falls ill again, then, not having time to return to its original size, the amygdala enlarges again, but larger. This leads to constant inflammation and growth of lymphoid tissue.

In addition to frequent acute and chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract, the following factors contribute to the occurrence of adenoids:

  • hereditary predisposition;
  • childhood infectious diseases (measles, rubella, scarlet fever, influenza, diphtheria, whooping cough);
  • severe pregnancy and childbirth (viral infections in the first trimester, leading to abnormalities in the development of the internal organs of the fetus, taking antibiotics and other harmful drugs, fetal hypoxia, birth injuries);
  • poor nutrition and overfeeding of the child (excess sweets, eating food with preservatives, stabilizers, dyes, flavors);
  • tendency to allergies;
  • weakened immunity due to chronic infections;
  • unfavorable environment (gases, dust, household chemicals, dry air).

Children aged 3 to 7 years who attend children's groups and have constant contact with various infections are at risk of developing adenoids. In a small child, the airways are quite narrow and in the case of even slight swelling or enlargement of the pharyngeal tonsil, they can completely block and make breathing through the nose difficult or impossible. In older children, the incidence of this disease decreases sharply, because after 7 years the tonsils begin to atrophy, and the size of the nasopharynx, on the contrary, increases. Adenoids no longer interfere with breathing and cause discomfort.

Adenoid grades

Depending on the size of the adenoids, three degrees of the disease are distinguished:

  • 1st degree - the adenoids are small, covering no more than a third of the upper part of the nasopharynx, problems with nasal breathing in children occur only at night when the body is in a horizontal position;
  • 2nd degree - significant enlargement of the pharyngeal tonsil, blocking the lumen of the nasopharynx by about half, nasal breathing in children is difficult both day and night;
  • 3rd degree - adenoids occupy almost the entire lumen of the nasopharynx, the child is forced to breathe through the mouth around the clock.

Symptoms of adenoids

The most important and obvious sign by which parents can suspect adenoids in children is regular difficulty breathing through the nose and nasal congestion in the absence of any discharge from it. To confirm the diagnosis, the child should be shown to an otolaryngologist.

Characteristic symptoms of adenoids in children are:

  • sleep disturbance, the child sleeps lightly with his mouth open, wakes up, may cry in his sleep;
  • snoring, snoring, holding your breath and attacks of suffocation during sleep;
  • dry mouth and dry cough in the morning;
  • change in voice timbre, nasal speech;
  • headache;
  • frequent rhinitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis;
  • decreased appetite;
  • hearing loss, ear pain, frequent otitis due to blockage of the canal connecting the nasopharynx and the ear cavity;
  • lethargy, fatigue, irritability, moodiness.

Against the background of adenoids, children develop a complication such as adenoiditis, or inflammation of the hypertrophied pharyngeal tonsil, which can be acute or chronic. In acute cases, it is accompanied by fever, pain and a burning sensation in the nasopharynx, weakness, nasal congestion, runny nose, mucopurulent discharge, and enlargement of nearby lymph nodes.

Methods for diagnosing adenoids

If you suspect adenoids in children, you should contact an ENT specialist. Diagnosis of the disease includes taking an anamnesis and instrumental examination. To assess the degree of adenoids, the condition of the mucosa, the presence or absence of an inflammatory process, the following methods are used: pharyngoscopy, anterior and posterior rhinoscopy, endoscopy, radiography.

Pharyngoscopy consists of examining the pharyngeal cavity, pharynx and tonsils, which are also sometimes hypertrophied in children with adenoids.

During anterior rhinoscopy, the doctor carefully examines the nasal passages, expanding them with a special nasal speculum. To analyze the condition of the adenoids with this method, the child is asked to swallow or say the word “lamp”, while the soft palate contracts, which causes the adenoids to vibrate.

Posterior rhinoscopy is an examination of the nasopharynx and adenoids through the oropharynx using a nasopharyngeal speculum. The method is highly informative, allows you to assess the size and condition of the adenoids, however, in children it can cause a gag reflex and quite unpleasant sensations, which will interfere with the examination.

The most modern and informative examination of adenoids is endoscopy. One of its advantages is its clarity: it allows parents to see their children’s adenoids on the screen. When performing endoscopy, the degree of adenoid vegetations and blockage of the nasal passages and auditory tubes, the reason for their enlargement, the presence of edema, pus, mucus, and the condition of neighboring organs are determined. The procedure is carried out under local anesthesia, as the doctor must insert a long tube 2–4 mm thick with a camera at the end into the nasal passage, which causes unpleasant and painful sensations in the child.

Radiography, like digital examination, is currently practically not used to diagnose adenoids. It is harmful to the body, does not give an idea of ​​why the pharyngeal tonsil is enlarged, and can cause an incorrect assessment of the degree of its hypertrophy. Pus or mucus that has accumulated on the surface of the adenoids will appear exactly the same as the adenoids themselves in the image, which will mistakenly increase their size.

If hearing impairment is detected in children and frequent otitis media, the doctor examines the ear cavity and sends for an audiogram.

To truly assess the extent of adenoids, diagnosis must be carried out during a period when the child is healthy or at least 2-3 weeks have passed since recovery from the last illness (cold, acute respiratory viral infection, etc.).

Treatment

The treatment tactics for adenoids in children are determined by their degree, the severity of symptoms, and the development of complications in the child. Medication, physical therapy, or surgery (adenotomy) may be used.

Drug treatment

Treatment of adenoids with drugs is effective for the first, and less often, the second degree of adenoids, when their size is not too large, and there are no pronounced disturbances in free nasal breathing. In the third degree, it is carried out only if the child has contraindications to surgical removal of the adenoids.

Drug therapy is aimed at relieving inflammation, swelling, eliminating a runny nose, cleansing the nasal cavity, and strengthening the immune system. The following groups of drugs are used for this:

  • vasoconstrictor drops (galazolin, farmazolin, naphthyzin, rinazolin, sanorin and others);
  • antihistamines (diazolin, suprastin, loratadine, Erius, Zyrtec, fenistil);
  • anti-inflammatory hormonal nasal sprays (Flix, Nasonex);
  • local antiseptics, nasal drops (protargol, collargol, albucid);
  • saline solutions for clearing snot and moisturizing the nasal cavity (Aquamaris, Marimer, Quix, Humer, Nazomarin);
  • means to strengthen the body (vitamins, immunostimulants).

The enlargement of the pharyngeal tonsil in some children is not due to its growth, but to swelling caused by an allergic reaction of the body in response to certain allergens. Then, to restore its normal size, only local and systemic use of antihistamines is necessary.

Sometimes doctors can prescribe homeopathic medicines for children to treat adenoids. In most cases, their use is effective only with long-term use in the first stage of the disease and for preventive purposes. With the second and even more so the third degree of adenoids, they, as a rule, do not bring any results. For adenoids, granules of the drugs “IOV-Malysh” and “Adenosan”, “Thuya-GF” oil, and “Euphorbium Compositum” nasal spray are usually prescribed.

Folk remedies

Folk remedies for adenoids can only be used after consultation with a doctor in the initial stages of the disease, which are not accompanied by any complications. The most effective of them are rinsing the nasal cavity with a solution of sea salt or herbal decoctions of oak bark, chamomile and calendula flowers, and eucalyptus leaves, which have anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and astringent effects.

When using medicinal herbs, it should be taken into account that they can provoke an allergic reaction in children, which will further aggravate the course of the disease.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy for adenoids is used in conjunction with drug treatment to increase its effectiveness.

Most often, children are prescribed laser therapy. The standard course of treatment consists of 10 sessions. It is recommended to take 3 courses per year. Low-intensity laser radiation helps reduce swelling and inflammation, normalizes nasal breathing, and has an antibacterial effect. Moreover, it extends not only to the adenoids, but also to the tissues surrounding them.

In addition to laser therapy, ultraviolet irradiation and UHF on the nasal area, ozone therapy, and electrophoresis with medications can be used.

Breathing exercises, spa treatment, climatic therapy, and seaside holidays are also useful for children with adenoids.

Video: Treatment of adenoiditis with home remedies

Adenotomy

Removal of adenoids is the most effective treatment method for third-degree hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil, when the child’s quality of life significantly deteriorates due to the lack of nasal breathing. The operation is carried out strictly according to indications in a planned manner under anesthesia in the inpatient conditions of the ENT department of a children's hospital. It does not take much time, and if there are no postoperative complications, the child is sent home on the same day.

Indications for adenotomy are:

  • ineffectiveness of long-term drug therapy;
  • inflammation of the adenoids up to 4 times a year;
  • absence or significant difficulty in nasal breathing;
  • recurrent inflammation of the middle ear;
  • hearing impairment;
  • chronic sinusitis;
  • stopping breathing during night sleep;
  • deformation of the skeleton of the face and chest.

Adenotomy is contraindicated if the child has:

  • congenital anomalies of the hard and soft palate;
  • increased tendency to bleed;
  • blood diseases;
  • severe cardiovascular pathologies;
  • inflammatory process in the adenoids.

The operation is not performed during influenza epidemics and within a month after a routine vaccination.

Currently, thanks to the advent of short-acting general anesthesia, adenotomy for children is almost always performed under general anesthesia, which avoids the psychological trauma that the child receives when performing the procedure under local anesthesia.

The modern endoscopic technique for removing adenoids is low-traumatic, has a minimum of complications, allows the child to return to a normal lifestyle within a short time, and minimizes the likelihood of relapse. To prevent complications in the postoperative period it is necessary:

  1. Take medications prescribed by your doctor (vasoconstrictor and astringent nasal drops, antipyretics and painkillers).
  2. Limit physical activity for two weeks.
  3. Do not eat hot food with a hard consistency.
  4. Do not take baths for 3-4 days.
  5. Avoid exposure to open sun.
  6. Do not visit crowded places and children's groups.

Video: How adenotomy is performed

Complications of adenoids

In the absence of timely and adequate treatment, adenoids in a child, especially grades 2 and 3, lead to the development of complications. Among them:

  • chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract;
  • increased risk of acute respiratory infections;
  • deformation of the maxillofacial skeleton (“adenoid face”);
  • hearing impairment caused by the adenoids blocking the opening of the auditory tube in the nose and impaired ventilation in the middle ear;
  • abnormal development of the chest;
  • frequent catarrhal and purulent otitis media;
  • speech disorders.

Adenoids can cause retardation in mental and physical development due to insufficient oxygen supply to the brain due to problems with nasal breathing.

Prevention

Prevention of adenoids is especially important for children who are prone to allergies or have a hereditary predisposition to the occurrence of this disease. According to pediatrician E. O. Komarovsky, to prevent hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil, it is very important to give the child time to restore its size after suffering from acute respiratory infections. To do this, after the symptoms of the disease disappear and the child’s well-being improves, you should not take the child to kindergarten the very next day, but you should stay at home for at least another week and during this period actively walk in the fresh air.

Measures to prevent adenoids include playing sports that promote the development of the respiratory system (swimming, tennis, athletics), daily walks, maintaining optimal temperature and humidity levels in the apartment. It is important to eat foods rich in vitamins and microelements.

Video: Pediatrician Komarovsky E. O. on the treatment and prevention of adenoids in children

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How to treat adenoids in children?

Many parents have a question: how can adenoids be treated in a child? After all, the nasopharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) are located in the nasopharynx and during a routine examination they are usually not visible. In order to see them, you need to have special ENT tools.

Today, inflammation of the adenoids is a widespread disease among children. The age of such patients ranges from 1 year to 1 year. But, as practice shows, most often this disease is observed in children from three to seven years old. Although recently experts have seen a tendency to detect this disease in younger children.

It should be noted that adenoids (tonsils of the nasopharynx) are the most important organ of human immune defense. They can be compared to guards who stand at the gate (that is, at the entrance to the human respiratory tract). They are the ones who block the path of various viruses, bacteria, and harmful substances. And in response to the massive attack of these substances, the tonsils begin to enlarge, but this is a normal reaction of the human body. Just such a reaction shows that the tonsils are working normally. And, if a similar increase is observed in children under 7 years of age, then we can safely say that this is a normal physiological state, which is associated with very high activity of the tonsils at this childhood age.

The development of adenoids in a child can be affected by his so-called constitutional characteristics and heredity. Such children are also called “lymphatic” children. According to many authors, pathological enlargement of adenoids is associated primarily with decreased immunity and various infections. Immunity can be reduced due to harmful environmental influences, which include industrial emissions, car exhaust gases, and so on.

Symptoms of adenoids in children

As a rule, this disease proceeds very slowly and somehow unobtrusively. Sometimes the thought even arises: is this a disease at all? The main symptom of the appearance of adenoids is very frequent colds in a child. Thanks to this, parents have to go on sick leave very often, which is not very welcome at work. And, as embarrassing as it may be, this is the main reason why parents consult a doctor. And, what’s most interesting, the reasons for contacting an otolaryngologist about adenoids can be so unusual that it’s worth talking about them separately.

For example, the second most common reason for visiting a doctor is the arrival of a grandmother, who notices some strange breathing in the child and forces the parents to take their child to the doctor. The third reason is the identification of something not very clear in the nasopharynx during a medical examination, which is carried out in kindergarten. And only fourth place is occupied by complaints of an exclusively medical nature. And, as practice shows, it is these people who deserve the very close attention of specialists.

Signs of adenoids in children

  • the child cannot breathe through his nose, his mouth is open, this is especially noticeable at night;
  • nasal breathing is difficult, but there is no runny nose;
  • there is a prolonged runny nose, which is practically untreatable.

Treatment methods for adenoids in children

As already mentioned, it is impossible to see adenoids with the naked eye. Only an ENT doctor who has a special mirror can detect this disease.

Adenoids really cause a lot of problems for some children, although initially they should protect the person. After all, as already mentioned, adenoids are on the first line of defense against all kinds of viruses, microbes - everything that seeks to penetrate the human body through the air. And the adenoids are a kind of filter that gets in the way of this evil spirit. The adenoids produce lymphocytes - special cells that destroy these harmful microbes.

At the same time, the nasopharyngeal tonsils react to almost any inflammation. If a person is sick, they increase. And after he recovers, the adenoids return to their normal size. In the event that a person suffers more frequently (the interval between illnesses is a week or even less), then the adenoids do not have time to return to their normal position, and it turns out that they are constantly inflamed. And it is precisely this condition that leads to the fact that the adenoids begin to grow. There are cases when they become so large that they block the nasopharynx. This is where unpleasant consequences arise - a person begins to hear poorly and has difficulty breathing. If the growth of adenoids is not stopped in time, a person may experience various changes. So, he can change his bite, the shape of his face, he may develop speech disorders, curvature of the spine, changes in blood composition, and urinary incontinence.

But adenoids usually cause all these troubles to children. With the onset of summer, the adenoids themselves become smaller and no longer interfere with their owner. But this only happens when the problem of the child’s adenoids is treated very carefully and professionally. The main thing is not to make mistakes at the stage of diagnosing the disease.

In fact, the disease is called adenoid vegetations (or adenoid growths). This disease is quite widespread among children aged one year and older. But most often it affects children from three to seven years old.

Treatment of adenoids in children

There are two ways to treat adenoids in children. Surgical (an operation is performed) and conservative (an operation is not performed).

Surgical treatment of adenoids in children

Surgical treatment, as a rule, causes fear not only in the child, but also in his parents. That is why parents are very often worried about this outcome of the case.

What are adenoid growths? These are ordinary anatomical formations. Adenoids are not a fluid accumulation that can resolve over time, nor is it swelling that appears and then disappears. This is a fully formed tissue that by itself will absolutely not go anywhere. And if they grow to such a size that living with them becomes problematic, then they should simply be removed.

If a patient is diagnosed with adenoiditis (that is, chronic inflammation of the adenoids), then conservative or non-surgical treatment is better. Typically, adenoiditis is also accompanied by an increase in adenoid tissue. True, this is not always observed. An operational solution to this situation is only possible if all therapeutic measures have not led to a positive result. As a rule, surgery is also performed if the patient has a combination of adenoid vegetations and adenoiditis.

In order to perform an alenotomy (that is, removal of the adenoids), it is necessary to have indications. These include:

  • frequent relapse of the disease (more than four times a year);
  • recognized ineffectiveness of conservative treatment;
  • the appearance of respiratory arrest during sleep;
  • the appearance of various complications (arthritis, rheumatism, glomerulonephritis, vasculitis);
  • nasal breathing disorders;
  • very frequent recurring otitis media;
  • very frequent recurring acute respiratory viral infections.
There are also contraindications to adenotomy. This:
  • various blood diseases;
  • various infectious diseases (the operation can only be performed a month or two after the patient recovers);
  • presence of severe cardiovascular diseases;
  • The operation is not performed during a period when the influenza epidemic is spreading.

Adenotomy also has complications. These include:

1 Recurrences of adenoid proliferation. If the adenoids are not completely removed, they can grow again. The reason for this may be the smallest parts of the adenoid tissue left by the surgeon. That is why adenotomy should be performed by highly qualified specialists in a specialized children's hospital (preferably in a children's hospital).

The timing of this operation is very important. It is known that the younger the child undergoing surgery, the higher the likelihood of relapse. It is considered most appropriate to perform this operation on children after three years of age. However, if there are absolute indications, then this operation is performed at any age.

Repeated growths of adenoids are possible if the child has allergies. In addition, there are children who have an individual tendency to such increased growth of adenoids. And, as a rule, such a tendency is inherited.

2 Bleeding. In order to reduce bleeding and achieve rapid wound healing after surgery, you can use the following measures:

Motor activity should be somewhat limited. For two to four weeks after surgery, you must avoid any physical activity or sports.

You should also pay attention to the child’s nutrition. Solid, hot and rough foods should be excluded from his diet. Food for a child should be liquid, prepared from fresh high-calorie foods. They must be rich in vitamins. It is advisable to maintain such a diet for three to ten days.

In addition, you should not bathe your child in warm water for three days. It should not be left in the open sun, in stuffy or hot rooms.

In order for postoperative wounds to heal as quickly as possible, the child may be prescribed vasoconstrictor nasal drops. These can be drops such as nazivin, naphthyzin, tizin, galazolin, xymelin, sanorin, nazol, etc. They should be used for five days; in parallel, silver solutions are prescribed, such as collargol, protargol, po-viargol, which have an astringent effect . They should be taken for 10 days.

Breathing exercises should be carried out only on the recommendation of an ENT doctor.

3 If after the operation the child has a fever, under no circumstances should you take antipyretic drugs that contain acetylsalicylic acid. The fact is that it can provoke heavy bleeding.

4 The child may vomit blood clots. Or bowel irregularities. Or moderate pain in the abdominal area. This is due to the fact that during the operation he could have swallowed blood. Such symptoms pass quickly.

5 The child may also experience a certain nasal tone and nasal congestion literally in the very first days after the operation. Don't worry, this is due to postoperative swelling. It will go away in about 10 days after surgery.

Non-surgical treatment of adenoids in children

1 The climate of the Caucasus and Crimea is very good for those children who have an adenoma. The diet of these children must include fresh vegetables and fruits, as well as lactic acid products. At the same time, you should limit your food consumption of confectionery products, sugar and baked goods.

  • sage leaves - 2 parts,
  • horsetail grass - 2 parts,
  • plantain leaves - 2 parts,
  • calendula flowers - 3 parts,
  • chamomile flowers - 3 parts.

To prepare it, you need to take one glass of boiling water and one teaspoon of this carefully crushed collection. Brew in boiling water, then cool and drink warm for one day. In addition, you can rinse your nose with this herbal mixture for 3-5 days, 1-2 times a day.

Traditional medicine for the treatment of adenoids in children

1 Take 15 g of dry anise herb and chop it. Pour 100 ml of alcohol and leave for 10 days in a dark place. The dishes should be shaken periodically. After 10 days, strain. In order to cure adenoids, it is necessary to dilute the tincture with cold boiled water in a ratio of 1 to 3 and instill it 3 times a day until they completely disappear.

2 You can take 1 g of mumiyo and dissolve it in 5 tablespoons of warm boiled water. Place in the nose several times a day. At the same time, you should dissolve 0.2 g of mumiyo in a glass of warm water and drink in small sips.

3 In order to slow down the growth of adenoids, you should drink fish oil.

4 Take one beet and squeeze the juice out of it. Then add one part honey to 2 parts beet juice, mix everything thoroughly. This medicine should be instilled 4-5 times a day, 5-6 drops into each nostril.

5 Another way to slow down the growth of adenoids. This is rinsing the nose and throat with ordinary salt water.

6 You can bury one drop of the celandine plant into each nostril every three to five hours. This course of treatment should be carried out over one to two weeks.

7 Instillation of thuja oil into the nose is very effective. This should be done at night, instilling 6-8 drops into each nostril. The duration of the course is 14 days. Take a break for a week and repeat again.

8 Take a quarter teaspoon of soda and 20 drops of a ten percent alcohol solution of propolis. Mix everything thoroughly. You should rinse your nose with this solution 3-4 times a day. Moreover, half a glass of the solution you created yourself should be poured into each nostril.

Herbs and herbs for the treatment of adenoids in children

1 Take one tablespoon of budra ivy grass and pour a glass of water into it. Cook this broth for 10 minutes over very low heat. To treat adenoids, you need to inhale the vapor of this herb 3-4 times a day for five minutes.

2 Take one tablespoon of walnut pericarp, chop it and pour a glass of boiling water. Bring to a boil, turn off and leave until completely cool. Three to four times a day, instill the resulting solution, 6-8 drops, into each nostril for 20 days.

3 Take two tablespoons of horsetail and pour a glass of water into it, put on fire and boil for 7-8 minutes. Leave for 2 hours. This solution should be used to rinse the nasopharynx once or twice a day for one week.

4 Make a collection: 1 part coltsfoot herb and oregano and 2 parts string. Take 1 tablespoon of the mixture and pour a glass of boiling water. Leave in a thermos for 6-8 hours. After this, strain, be sure to add 1 drop of fir oil. This mixture should be used to rinse both the nose and nasopharynx up to two times a day. This can be done for 4 days.

5 Collect a mixture: 10 parts of crushed rose hips, black currant leaves, chamomile flowers, 2 parts of viburnum flowers and 5 parts of calendula. You will need one tablespoon of the mixture, which must be poured with a glass of boiling water. Then proceed as in the previous case. You can only use this product for 3 days.

6 1 part St. John's wort, 2 parts oak bark and 1 part mint leaves. Mix everything, take 1 tablespoon of the mixture, and then pour it with a glass of cold water. Then bring to a boil, boil for 3-5 minutes. After this, you should leave for an hour, then rinse the nasopharynx 1-2 times a day.

7 You can use St. John's wort ointment, which is great for preventing adenoids. To make this ointment you will need 1 part St. John's wort herb powdered and 4 parts butter (unsalted). For 1 teaspoon of the resulting mixture, add 5 drops of celandine. Pour all this into a bottle and start shaking. This should be done until the mixture becomes like an emulsion.

Consequences of adenoids in children

1 The main consequences are frequent inflammatory diseases affecting the upper respiratory tract or colds. Anyone knows that free breathing through the nose is the key to human health. Indeed, in this case, the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity produces a special protective secretion or mucus. This secret allows you to cleanse the nasal cavity of accumulated dirt, dust, and bacteria. The mucous membrane has an excellent blood supply to warm the air entering the nose. Adenoids prevent the flow of air into the nose, which makes it difficult for mucus to flow out, which leads to the creation of favorable conditions for the development and proliferation of various infections, which leads to the occurrence of inflammatory diseases.

2 It is much worse when the child breathes through his mouth. Unpurified and unheated air immediately enters the human respiratory tract. In this case, chronic inflammation makes it possible to constantly produce pus and mucus. These substances, under the influence of gravity, fall into the parts of the respiratory system that lie below. As a result, the child gets sick with pharyngitis (inflammation of the pharynx), laryngitis (inflammation of the larynx), tracheitis (inflammation of the trachea), bronchitis (inflammation of the bronchi) or pneumonia.

3 Moreover, adenoids can provoke attacks of bronchial asthma.

4 Adenoids lead to hearing impairment. After all, the cavities of the nose and middle ear are connected to each other using the auditory or Eustachian tube. The main purpose of this pipe is to equalize the pressure between the external atmospheric and internal pressure in the cavity of the human middle ear. When the adenoids enlarge, they block the very mouth of the auditory tube, which is located in the nasal cavity. This makes it difficult for air to pass into the patient's middle ear. As a result, it turns out that the eardrum ceases to be mobile, and this leads to the fact that the patient begins to hear poorly.

5 Another consequence of adenoids is various inflammations of the middle ear. As already mentioned, adenoids are capable of blocking the mouth of the auditory tube, and this leads to the penetration of various infections into the middle ear and the development of inflammatory processes in it.

6 In addition, adenoids contribute to the development of inflammatory diseases in other human organs. After all, the nasopharyngeal tonsils are an excellent environment for the development of viruses and bacteria. Since adenoid tissue is almost always inflamed, this environment is simply ideal for viruses and infections. Adenoids become the focus of chronic infections. From this source, microbes can easily spread throughout the human body. This inflammation is called adenoiditis. It has complications in the form of chronic kidney (inflammatory) or joint diseases, rheumatism, lymphadenitis, vasculitis, allergies.

7 The child has a decrease in learning ability and activity. Since nasal breathing is difficult, the child’s cerebral circulation noticeably worsens. And therefore the patient constantly lacks oxygen. If a child is diagnosed with third-degree adenoids, then such a person is usually apathetic and capricious. He wakes up already tired, often with a headache. In some cases, developmental delays or bedwetting may even occur.

8 As a result of this disease, the chest and facial skeleton may change. In medicine, the so-called adenoid type of face is even known. The skull is narrow and elongated, the mouth is constantly slightly open, the lower jaw is drooping, the nasolabial folds are smoothed, the palate is high, the dental bite is incorrect (as a rule, the upper teeth seem to move towards each other, while the lower jaw protrudes noticeably forward). Such a person's eyes bulge out. Moreover, due to the fact that he often breathes shallowly, the patient develops the so-called chicken chest (the sternum protrudes forward, and on the sides it becomes flattened).

9 Speech may be impaired. Since the facial skeleton is disrupted, the mobility of the soft palate also changes. And this, in turn, affects the formation of the sick person’s speech. The child cannot pronounce some letters, he constantly nasals (that is, speaks through his nose), and his articulation changes. And, what’s most interesting, some parents don’t even notice these changes.

10 Quite often, the proliferation of adenoids is combined with an enlargement of the palatine tonsils. This state of affairs has a very adverse effect on the general health of the child. At the same time, his clinical manifestations of adenoids begin to worsen. In addition to all of the above, enlarged tonsils begin to interfere with the child’s ability to breathe through the mouth. He begins to swallow food, his speech is difficult. And the tonsils are also a powerful source of all kinds of infections. If a child has chronic inflammation of both the adenoids and palatine tonsils, then they say that he suffers from chronic adenotonsillitis.

If parents are attentive, then one of the listed symptoms is enough to suspect their child has adenoids. In this case, an attentive parent immediately takes him to an ENT doctor, who will decide what treatment the child will need. after all, it’s no secret that many live with their adenoids until their death, because their growth is not a fatal disease. But they can still reduce the quality of life.

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