Why is my baby bleeding?

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A child has a nosebleed: causes, diagnosis, what to do

From this article you will learn answers to the questions: why does a child have a nosebleed, what diseases may be hidden behind this. What additional symptoms may accompany bleeding.

Table of contents:

How to help a child if he has a nosebleed. Further examination of the body and treatment.

Nosebleeds (scientific name: epistaxis) occur when the capillaries found in large numbers in the nasal mucosa are damaged. This damage occurs either as a result of trauma or spontaneously.

The causes and diseases that cause nosebleeds are the same for both children and adults. However, in children this phenomenon is observed more often, since, firstly, in childhood and adolescence the cardiovascular system is still developing, and the capillaries located in the nose may be weak, and, secondly, many diseases that provoke bleeding, They first make themselves known precisely at the age of 18.

According to statistics, about 60% of the world's population has had a nosebleed at least once. Two age groups are most susceptible to nosebleeds: children under 10 years of age and adults over 60 years of age. Boys are more likely to bleed from the nose than girls (such statistics may be due to more frequent nasal injuries in boys due to a more active lifestyle).

Frequent nosebleeds are a dangerous symptom. Sometimes this may indicate serious disorders in the body.

You can completely get rid of nosebleeds by eliminating their cause.

If this symptom appears in a child, contact your pediatrician spontaneously. As a result of an injury, if it is not possible to stop the bleeding for a long time or there is a suspicion of a broken nose, contact a traumatologist.

You may also need to consult an ENT specialist, endocrinologist, hematologist, immunologist, or oncologist. Your pediatrician will refer you to these doctors if necessary.

In most cases, the source of nosebleeds in patients is the Kisselbach plexus.

Why might your nose bleed?

The causes of epistaxis can be divided into three groups:

  1. Local (the cause is located directly in the nose).
  2. Systemic (nosebleeds hide diseases of other organs).
  3. External (the reason lies not in diseases, but in the negative impact of the environment).

Reasons why nosebleeds may occur:

We also note the causes of nosebleeds, which are practically impossible in childhood. This is the use of substances that sharply dilate or constrict blood vessels (alcohol in large doses, energy drinks, cocaine, amphetamine and other drugs inhaled through the nose), as well as hormonal changes during pregnancy.

As you can see, the factors that can cause epistaxis are quite varied - from harmless dry air to serious diseases such as leukemia. Therefore, if this symptom appears spontaneously and frequently, consult a doctor and undergo the examination that he will prescribe for you.

With prolonged use of nasal drops or sprays, the nutrition of the nasal mucosa is disrupted, it becomes thinner, and the vessels become fragile. And with increased blood pressure or injury, nosebleeds occur

Additional symptoms

If the bleeding is heavy, it may be accompanied by the following symptoms:

  • pale skin;
  • dizziness;
  • weakness;
  • cold sweat;
  • sometimes fainting.

How to recognize a “dangerous” nosebleed

By dangerous we mean something that indicates serious illness.

Bleeding caused by diseases is frequent and begins spontaneously.

Vascular diseases and bleeding disorders are often accompanied by bleeding not only from the nose, but also from other mucous membranes. The appearance of bruises even from light blows is also typical.

Epistaxis caused by high blood pressure most often occurs at night.

Sudden, short and intense bleeding (when blood suddenly begins to literally flow in a stream) is dangerous. They may indicate:

  • rupture of a large facial or nasal vessel;
  • malignant tumor of the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.

Bleeding due to injury is also not always harmless. If blood comes from the nose as a result of a fall, especially from a height, pay attention to its color:

  • If it is scarlet and foams, this may be a sign of lung damage.
  • If it is dark, close to brown and curled, this may indicate an injury to the esophagus or stomach.

Complications

If there is a heavy nosebleed, a person may faint due to blood loss.

Epistaxis can also be complicated by nausea and vomiting. When blood is released abundantly, it flows down the back wall of the throat and, when it enters the stomach, provokes these unpleasant symptoms.

In severe cases, with very heavy bleeding, blood can enter the nasolacrimal duct and go out through the eye sockets. However, this rarely happens.

If blood comes from both nostrils at the same time, or if the bleeding lasts longer than 10 minutes, call a doctor immediately.

First aid

Rules for stopping nosebleeds:

If the bleeding does not stop within 10 minutes, call a doctor.

A doctor can stop bleeding using the following methods:

  1. Inserting a cotton swab soaked in chloroacetic acid into the nostril.
  2. Insertion of a hemostatic sponge into the nose. It is saturated with substances that promote blood clotting.
  3. Laser coagulation (cauterization) of bleeding vessels.
  4. In severe cases, when it is not possible to stop heavy bleeding, aminocaproic acid is administered intravenously. And, if the patient has lost a lot of blood, a plasma transfusion is performed.

Body examination

If bleeding began as a result of injury or the insertion of a foreign object into the nose, take the patient to a traumatologist. Diagnostics will proceed as follows:

  • The doctor will examine the nose manually and using a rhinoscope.
  • He will send you for an x-ray of the skull.
  • In case of a complex fracture, a CT or MRI of the nose and skull may be needed.

If bleeding occurs spontaneously and regularly, contact your pediatrician. First of all, the doctor will measure your blood pressure, collect data on previous diseases and current symptoms. He will also refer you for a general blood test.

During the initial examination, sometimes it is already possible to accurately determine the cause of nosebleeds or to suspect a possible cause. If all tests during the initial examination are normal and there are no complaints, then perhaps the cause is external (for example, low air humidity).

Depending on the results of the initial examination, the following diagnostic procedures may be prescribed.

Treatment

Specific treatment for epistaxis is to stop the bleeding. This process is described in the First Aid section.

Further treatment consists of eliminating the cause to prevent recurrent bleeding.

If bleeding of the nasal mucosa is caused by health problems, follow all doctor's recommendations regarding further treatment of the underlying disease.

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Why does a child bleed from the nose: causes and treatment of nosebleeds at home

Bleeding from a child's nose always frightens parents. There are many reasons for this phenomenon, and, of course, in such a situation the baby needs help. In order for parents to be able to provide it to their child, they need to familiarize themselves with the relevant information about the types, features and methods of treating such pathologies.

Causes of nosebleeds in children

There are a lot of blood vessels in the nasal cavity. Nosebleeds (epistaxis) from one or both nostrils are much more common in children than in adults. It can occur at any age (both in one-year-olds and in children of preschool and primary school age up to 10 years) and less often in adolescents. Thus, almost every child knows from personal experience what nosebleeds are.

Why is this happening? Let's list the main reasons:

  1. nasal injuries;
  2. diseases of the ENT organs;
  3. pathologies of internal organs and systems;
  4. frequent nasal tamponade;
  5. external factors.

Nose injury

Toddlers love to play with small objects. Parents cannot always keep track of them, and the child can easily stick some small toy (for example, a construction piece) up his nose. This is typical for children 3-4 years old. As a result, the baby injures the nasal mucosa and bleeding begins. A similar injury can be caused by simply picking your nose with your finger. If possible, it is necessary to wean the child from such habits.

ENT diseases

During the cool season, children often suffer from colds. This happens because the immune system is not yet formed. Frequent discharge of liquid secretion from the nose causes the vessels in it to become inflamed. When a child sneezes or coughs, weak and inflamed blood vessels may begin to bleed from tension.

Diseases of other organs and systems

Bleeding is also explained by the presence of pathologies, which are characterized by impaired hemocoagulation (blood clotting). With such diseases, blood vessels become very vulnerable, and even mild bleeding is difficult to stop. Similar diseases include:

Teenagers often experience nosebleeds during hormonal changes. This is not a pathology, but simply age-related features.

Use of nasal medications

During colds, parents often instill vasoconstrictor drugs into the child’s nose. In some cases, their use is necessary, because they alleviate the course of the disease, but too long use makes the vessels vulnerable, the mucous membrane becomes thinner and vulnerable, which provokes the occurrence of bleeding.

Frequent nasal tamponade

If the baby has a frequent flow of blood from the nose, then cotton swabs are inserted into his nasal passages (they look like flagella about 3 cm long and no more than 1 cm thick). Such tampons block blood flow and, with frequent use, cause atrophy of the nasal mucosa. Because of this, the problem is not solved, but only worsened.

External factors

Sometimes nosebleeds are caused by external factors. For example, if the baby overheats in the sun and gets sunstroke or heatstroke. Dry air impairs the elasticity of the blood vessels in the nose, making them fragile and brittle. This air can be used both outdoors in cold or hot weather, and indoors.

Types of nosebleeds

To make a diagnosis, it matters what time of day the bleeding from the nose occurs, whether it happens periodically or happened once. Most often, bleeding occurs at night, in the morning or with rhinitis.

At night

If the parents are sure that the baby did not have any injuries to the nose, then the bleeding may have been caused by:

  • long-term or uncontrolled treatment with vasoconstrictor drops;
  • severe drying of the baby’s nasal mucosa - this is especially true during the heating season, when the air in the apartment is dry;
  • allergies to dust, household chemicals, pets, etc.;
  • increased intracranial pressure.

In the morning

If your baby has bleeding in the morning, it may be due to the following factors:

  • in a dream, the child lay on his side or stomach all night, which could put pressure on the blood vessels and cause bleeding;
  • the presence of polyps in the nose also leads to blood loss in the morning;
  • as in the case of nighttime phenomena, morning ones can be caused by too dry air in the room;
  • increased emotional and physical stress (characteristic of school age from 8 to 11 years), lack of sleep for proper rest, and much more. etc.

Bleeding from the nose may occur due to overexcitement and anxiety.

Rhinitis with blood

It happens that slight bleeding from the nose is accompanied by rhinitis. This is especially noticeable when blowing your nose. What could be the reason for this phenomenon:

  • the child, due to inability, blows his nose too actively, therefore injuring the mucous membrane and promoting the appearance of blood;
  • trying to pick off dried crusts, the baby scratches the delicate mucous membrane;
  • frequent use of vasoconstrictor drugs affects;
  • complications after diseases of the ENT organs.
These are just some of the possible causes of blood in the nasal cavity. To accurately establish the nature of the pathology, consultation with a specialist is necessary. This is most relevant for regular bleeding.

How to stop nosebleeds?

You can stop nosebleeds with fairly simple steps. Of course, the cause of the pathology plays a significant role. If the flow of blood does not stop for more than a minute, then you should urgently call an ambulance. It is also necessary to intervene with specialists if there has been a head injury, vomiting is present, the child loses consciousness or suffers from poor blood clotting (hemophilia).

Providing first aid to a child

At home, it is important to provide timely first aid to the baby. It should be not only physical, but also psychological.

This way the injured part is compressed and the bleeding stops.

Children themselves are very frightened by sudden bleeding, so it is necessary to immediately reassure the child. Simple steps will help ease your baby’s condition:

  1. Place your baby in a chair and tilt his head forward.
  2. Pinch your nostrils and apply ice to the bridge of your nose. After 6-7 minutes, you can carefully insert cotton swabs soaked in vasoconstrictor drugs (Vibrocil, Naphthyzin) into the nasal passages.
  3. After 5 minutes, carefully remove the flagella and lubricate the mucous membrane with Vaseline or Neomycin ointment, which accelerate healing and soothe inflammation.

The most common mistakes that are easy to avoid

Many parents, trying to help their child, unknowingly can harm him. Incorrect first aid measures can lead to increased bleeding and other unpleasant symptoms. In order to prevent mistakes and not aggravate the situation, you need to know what things you absolutely cannot do:

  1. During bleeding, place the baby in bed and elevate his legs. This will increase blood loss.
  2. Throw your head back, because this disrupts the outflow of blood through the neck veins and increases blood flow. In addition, it numbs the throat, causing spasms and vomiting.
  3. Immediately after the bleeding stops, give the child drinks and food, especially hot ones. High temperature causes blood vessels to dilate and resume bleeding.

When is it necessary to contact a specialist?

You should contact an ENT doctor after the bleeding has stopped. Consultation with a specialist is needed to establish the cause and prevent recurrences. The doctor examines the sinuses using special mirrors (this method is called rhinoscopy). If necessary, damaged vessels are cauterized. Consultations with other specialists (endocrinologist, hematologist, etc.) may also be prescribed and tests may be performed.

Treatment of nosebleeds

With a single nosebleed, no specific treatment is required, since recurrence is unlikely, and parents have nothing to worry about. It will be enough to follow basic preventive measures. Systematic bleeding, as well as those caused by severe injuries, kidney disease, and impaired blood clotting, are subject to treatment. If relapses occur, the doctor prescribes appropriate treatment.

Medicines

Drug therapy is aimed primarily at reducing capillary fragility and permeability. Here are used:

  • Ascorutin;
  • Rutin;
  • Ascorbic acid.

Ascorbic acid reduces the permeability of the vascular wall

Additionally, for the prevention and acceleration of bleeding control, the following is prescribed:

  • Vikasol;
  • Dicynone;
  • intravenously: Calcium chloride, aminocaproic acid.

For bleeding caused by injuries, your doctor may prescribe:

Traditional medicine

Among folk recipes there are many effective remedies. Their additional advantages are accessibility, environmental friendliness and budget. Among these remedies there are both local and those taken orally:

  • Teas with sea buckthorn, plantain, and chamomile improve blood clotting well;
  • a piece of aloe leaf, eaten on an empty stomach, can help with frequent bleeding;
  • To quickly stop bleeding, you can soak a cotton swab in the juice of fresh nettle or plantain and insert it into the sore nostril.

If your child has nosebleeds, it is recommended to drink chamomile teas.

These recommendations can be useful, but parents should not get carried away with self-medication, especially if the cause of the bleeding is not clearly established. Before using traditional medicine, you should also consult your doctor.

Preventive measures

To prevent nosebleeds, parents need to follow some rules. They consist of paying close attention to the health of your baby, preventing injuries, and providing healthy and balanced nutrition. The following measures will help strengthen the baby’s blood vessels:

  1. Regular ventilation of the room and humidification of the air in the apartment during the heating season.
  2. Taking vitamin and mineral complexes for children, especially in the off-season, when the child’s immunity is weakened.
  3. Eating fresh vegetables, citrus fruits, fish, dairy products.

A nosebleed is not a dangerous phenomenon in itself, but it is better to prevent this pathology in order to maintain peace in the family and not expose the child to unnecessary stress. Following simple precautions will help the baby be healthy and cheerful and delight his parents with his successes and good mood.

One night the child started bleeding from his nose. I was very scared. Now I understand that the cause was a high temperature; the child was sick at the time. Apparently, a blood vessel in the nose burst due to the high temperature.

My brother often had nosebleeds as a child. Either from the sun, or from physical activity, or for any reason. They said it was weak blood vessels. And we also have a hereditary disease - varicose veins. Apparently this also plays a role.

Attention! All information on the site is provided for informational purposes only and is for informational purposes only. For all questions regarding the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, you must consult a doctor for an in-person consultation.

Source: http://vseprorebenka.ru/zdorove/simptomy/krov-iz-nosa-u-rebenka-prichiny.html

Blood from the nose in a child: 10 reasons

If a baby has a nosebleed, everyone gets scared - both the baby and his parents. Such incidents happen often, they can be one-time, periodic and frequent, and the flows themselves can be heavy or not very heavy. Sometimes nosebleeds even cause hospitalization in a hospital. And at the hospital the doctors are already figuring out what’s going on.

Alexandra Botkina

pediatrician, Ph.D. honey. Sciences, Russian National Research Medical University named after. N. I. Pirogova, Moscow

Any nosebleed, or, as doctors say, bleeding from the nasal cavity, occurs due to a violation of the integrity of the walls of blood vessels. Most often this happens to children between two and 10 years old. The reasons are extremely varied.

Why does my child have nosebleeds?

If your child's nose is bleeding, there is a reason. And it cannot be determined immediately. Diagnosis takes time. At first they assume:
  1. traumatic damage to the nasal mucosa. It is very vulnerable in children because it is thin and contains many blood vessels. Problems can arise when the mucous membranes become dry, for example during the heating season or as a result of excessive nose blowing, sneezing and nose picking. A special problem that is relevant for young children is foreign bodies, which children often put in their noses, then forget about it or deliberately hide from adults. A foreign body injures the mucous membrane and provokes bleeding or causes inflammation, and then the bloody discharge is accompanied by purulent discharge with an unpleasant odor. The mucous membrane can also suffer from frequent rhinitis of any origin (allergic or infectious);
  2. curvature of the nasal septum, leading to uneven expansion and excessive vulnerability of blood vessels;
  3. injury to the nose and/or face when falling, being hit by a ball or hand while playing contact sports. Particularly severe nosebleeds occur with cranial injuries, for example, a fracture of the base of the skull in the anterior region of the cranial fossa;
  4. an infectious disease with a severe runny nose and high temperature - influenza, measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria, etc. With acute inflammation, blood vessels become very vulnerable, toxins secreted by viruses and bacteria literally corrode and thin their walls;
  5. problem of the vascular network of the nasal cavity. A congenital feature is considered a variant of varicose veins, which can “show” itself in different parts of the body;
  6. increased blood pressure. It is believed that hypertension is characteristic only of adults, but recently it has become increasingly common in young patients, in particular, due to problems with the kidneys, endocrine system, metabolic disorders, such as cholesterol, overdose of vitamin D, overheating, and heart defects. In essence, a protective-compensatory mechanism is triggered: when a small amount of blood comes out through the nose, blood pressure decreases slightly, reducing the likelihood of bleeding in the brain;
  7. disturbance in the blood coagulation system (hemostasis). The most famous is hemophilia, but there is also thrombocytopathy, in which platelets, which have an irregular structure, are not able to participate in the blood clotting process.
  8. polyp or tumor in the nose;
  9. malfunction of the liver, bone marrow and other organs.
  10. Nosebleeds are sometimes caused by medications, such as anticoagulants that inhibit blood clotting, such as aspirin.

Blood from a child’s nose: determining the strength of the “flow”

A “spring” can originate in different places. If it is in the front part of the nose, blood usually comes out of one nostril in drops or a stream. This area is called the Kisselbach zone, it contains a plexus of small and narrow capillaries that quickly become clogged, so the flow is short-lived and blood loss is minimal. They begin due to injury to the nasal mucosa with fingers or hard objects (q-tip, pencil, toy). This type of bleeding accounts for about 90% of all bleeding and, as a rule, does not pose a threat to life.

If the source of bleeding is in the middle or back of the nose, the situation becomes more complicated: the blood flows from a wide artery, and significant blood loss cannot be ruled out. Such bleeding is more difficult to notice because the blood flows in a strong stream along the back of the throat, and the baby first swallows it. But at a certain point he begins to vomit blood or have bloody diarrhea (melena). But by this moment the baby has lost a large amount of blood. And as a result, he experiences tinnitus, dizziness, decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, general weakness of the body, and shortness of breath. Suffocation is also possible: liquid may enter the respiratory tract. The causes of the posterior type of nosebleed are more serious: increased blood pressure, injuries to the face or nose, etc.

Attention! The flow rate is also different: from insignificant to profuse - life-threatening. Children do not tolerate blood loss well: a deficit of 50 ml of blood in a small child is equivalent in consequences to the loss of 1 liter in an adult!

A single and short-lived nosebleed does not pose a great danger if first aid is provided in a timely and correct manner. But a repetition of the situation or heavy flows is a reason to consult a doctor for a thorough search for the true cause of what happened.

Causes of nosebleeds in children

Frequently recurring, albeit minor, discharge of blood from the nose requires a thorough examination. First of all, anemia is excluded. Be sure to conduct a study of blood clotting rate; if it is below normal, consultation with a hematologist is recommended. It is important to measure blood pressure and check liver and kidney function. For prolonged bleeding of unknown cause, additional tests are required.

Attention! Measures to prevent nosebleeds include humidifying and purifying the air in the nursery, careful handling of the nasal passages, proper blowing of the nose, and choosing safe toys and sports.

First aid for nosebleeds

The reaction of adults to nosebleeds cannot be delayed; the bleeding must be stopped immediately, wherever it starts - in the garden, on the street, at home. And for this you need:

  • Calm or distract with conversation or toys.
  • Teach to breathe evenly and deeply. When excited, the heartbeat always increases, and with it the speed of blood flow increases.
  • The baby should be seated or placed in a semi-sitting position with his head slightly tilted forward and down.
  • Provide access to fresh air - unbutton the collar, loosen the fasteners, open the window.
  • Place a cold lotion or an ice pack on the bridge of the nose and nose to narrow the vessels of the nasal mucosa, and place a warm heating pad on your feet.
  • For minor bleeding, press the wing of your nose against the nasal septum with your finger and apply an ice pack there.
  • If the bleeding from the child’s nose does not stop, a ball of sterile cotton wool or gauze moistened with a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide is inserted into the anterior nasal cavity. The child himself can press it to the nasal septum and hold it for 10–15 minutes.
  • If this doesn't help, go to the clinic or emergency room.

Attention! If the cause of bleeding is severe (hemophilia), hospitalization is necessary, so call an ambulance immediately.

If you are bleeding from the nose, you should not:

  • remove the pillow from under the baby’s head;
  • raise his legs above the level of his body;
  • sharply throw your head back: this impedes the flow of blood through the veins of the neck, as a result of which bleeding may increase;
  • suddenly change the position in which it all started.

Photo source: Shutterstock

Each parent may encounter a problem when their baby suddenly starts bleeding from the nose. How not to get confused and provide first aid correctly? And how necessary is a visit to a specialist in this case?

Blood tests are a test that everyone, including children, has to deal with since childhood. There are a great variety of these tests, with their help it is possible to assume the presence of a source of inflammation in the body and to detect it.

Comments

Hello, my name is Sabina, I’m 10 years old and studying in the 4th grade. Today I went out with my mom for a walk and I didn’t pick my nose much and then I started bleeding from my nose and I told my mom about it, my mom gave me a little bandage and I applied it. in my nose, then my mother bought me cold water and put it in my nose, but I didn’t cry, my mother told me to lower my head back and I rinsed my mouth with that cold water 2 times, I spat out some blood, then the blood stopped, then when it was evening, my nose was dry, the blood was dried like kazyavki and I removed them then the lady's ear, my mother told me to take a swim, my mother bathed me, then my mother told me to blow my nose then I blew my nose and my nose became wet and there was blood and I came out of the bath, my mother gave me cotton wool and I lowered my head back and sat for 15 for a minute, then I removed it and the blood stopped, I again rinsed my mouth 2 times with water, there was a little blood, I told my mom, mom, let's go to the doctor, mom said, daughter, you don't need any doctor, it will go away on its own, because your nose doesn't hurt, I'll treat you myself at home, tell me please tell me how to quickly identify your nose at home

July 9:41

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Why does a child have nosebleeds: causes and prevention

Nosebleeds are a common problem in childhood and adolescence. This is due to both the physiological characteristics of the structure of the nasal passages and the functioning of the immune system in children.

Parents' opinions about nosebleeds differ: some do not see the danger in this phenomenon and do not attach much importance to the problem, while others, on the contrary, begin to worry and worry, even if there is no apparent reason for this.

In any case, recurrent bleeding should not be ignored - they may be the first signal of possible health problems.

Runny nose and other causes of nosebleeds in one-year-old children and adolescents

Nosebleeds are the result of damage to the capillaries, of which there are a huge number in the nasal cavity. Young children can simply “pick” the surface of the mucous membrane, which leads to blood flow.

But the reasons for this phenomenon may not always be harmless. Sometimes frequent nosebleeds indicate a serious pathology, so this symptom (especially if the baby is too small) cannot be ignored.

Dry air contains a lot of dust and harmful elements, which, when inhaled, settle on the mucous membranes and form growths (crusts). In addition, low air humidity negatively affects the condition of the mucous membrane, leading to its depletion. This process is called atrophy of the mucous membranes. If a child, picking his nose, picks off a dried growth, a wound will form and capillary bleeding will occur.

Blood pressure problems can also cause nosebleeds. In this case, bleeding only benefits the child, since it prevents more serious consequences, for example, hemorrhage in the brain. Bleeding is usually preceded by headache, weakness, and poor health. After the bleeding stops, the child feels much better.

Disturbances in blood clotting processes (coagulopathy) are another serious cause of nosebleeds. In this case, the gums and other areas with mucous membranes will also bleed.

A poor and monotonous diet low in beneficial elements (minerals and vitamins) can lead to various abnormalities and diseases. A lack of vitamin C negatively affects the condition of blood vessels - they become brittle and their walls are depleted, which increases the likelihood of damage.

Children especially often get sunstroke and heatstroke during walks in the summer. To avoid them, it is necessary to follow the rules for children's exposure to the sun in the summer. Walking during the high solstice (from 12 to 17 hours) for children under 6 years of age is strictly prohibited.

  • Infectious and respiratory diseases.

Colds, as well as diseases caused mainly by viruses, lead to the formation of swelling of the nasal mucosa and increased pressure in the capillaries, which cannot withstand the increased load and burst.

Inflammation of the nasal sinuses (sinusitis, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis), as well as adenoids, contribute to the filling of the mucous membranes with blood.

  • Fluctuations in barometric pressure.

During an air flight or traveling in the mountains, a child may develop a nosebleed. The reason will be increased rarefaction of air in conditions unusual for the child.

Pressure surges in the vessels located in the neck and head area lead to fragility of the vascular walls and the onset of bleeding.
  • Anatomical features of the structure.

Some children have very narrow nasal passages, so any impact in the nasal cavity leads to injury to the mucous membrane and bleeding.

Some parents are too zealous in treating a runny nose and use vasoconstrictor drugs designed to eliminate swelling and restore normal breathing.

  • Injuries and bruises.

If a child has a nosebleed, the cause may be a bruise. When children fall, they often hit their head and face, so you should carefully examine the surface and cavity of the nose for lacerations. If any are found, you should take the baby to a children's hospital.

Why does a baby's nose bleed?

In newborns and infants, frequent nosebleeds are usually a consequence of anatomical features.

The nasal passages are still too narrow, and the capillaries are weak, so they often burst with any overexertion or exposure to an irritating factor. For example, when crying for a long time and loudly, the baby may bleed from the nose.

If the house is hot and the air humidity does not meet the required standards, nosebleeds can also recur with enviable frequency.

Nosebleeds in teenagers: causes

The causes of nosebleeds in teenagers are the same as for other children. But some features can still be highlighted. For example, during puberty (especially in girls), the likelihood of bleeding increases by 2 times. Increased workload at school and rare walks also negatively affect the condition of blood vessels, including nasal capillaries.

Algorithm of actions

Rules for providing first (emergency) aid for nosebleeds in a child:

  • Calm the child and persuade him to spit out the blood.

If the child is too small and does not know how to spit, gently tilt his head down and try to unclench his jaws with your hands. In cases where the baby resists too actively, the action should be stopped.

  • Apply a clean, thick cloth to your nose and press it for 8-10 minutes.

If there is no napkin, or the bleeding is quite intense, you can take a towel.

  • Apply a cold compress to the bridge of the nose.

You can use frozen vegetables from the freezer, after wrapping them in a towel or thin diaper.

  • If after a minute the bleeding does not stop, call an ambulance.

In the video, Dr. Komarovsky describes to parents the main mistakes they make when trying to stop bleeding.

How to stop bleeding in a baby?

The technology for stopping bleeding in infants is not much different from the rules applied to older children and adolescents.

  • First you need to calm the baby down.

If your baby gets very scared, this can cause high blood pressure and increased bleeding. The baby should not be allowed to cry. Infants do not know how to spit out blood that has accumulated in the mouth, so during an attack of severe crying, there is a possibility of blood clots getting into the throat and respiratory tract.

  • If the baby already knows how to sit, he should be placed on your lap and his head tilted slightly forward.

If a newborn or one-year-old baby is bleeding, you should pick him up with his back up, but at the same time you need to support his head with one hand so that it is constantly raised.

  • Then proceed according to the algorithm: apply a napkin or cloth and apply cold to the bridge of the nose.

What can't you do?

By the way, it is not recommended for teenagers to plug their nostrils with tampons, since during removal they can again injure the mucous membrane, which will lead to re-bleeding.

Going to the hospital if you have frequent bleeding

Despite the fact that nosebleeds are most often not a sign of pathology, in some cases you will still have to show the baby to the doctor.

The baby needs urgent medical attention when:

  • blood comes from both nostrils;
  • it is not possible to stop the bleeding on your own (within 15 minutes);
  • blood comes from the nose and from other organs (for example, bleeding from the vaginal tract is simultaneously observed);
  • bleeding began after taking any drug (may indicate the onset of an anaphylactic reaction);
  • blood flows like a fountain.

Important! The listed conditions are a reason for emergency hospitalization of the child and a thorough examination.

If blood from the nose flows regularly (more than once a day), you should get tested, find out why the bleeding is bothering you and get advice from specialists. You can start by visiting a pediatrician or otolaryngologist, who, after reviewing the results of laboratory tests, will prescribe additional tests and examination by specialized specialists, for example:

Walking and checking in the morning as preventative measures

In order for the blood vessels to be strong and elastic, it is important to ensure sufficient intake of vitamins and minerals (zinc, potassium, sodium, vitamins C, A, E). To do this, the child’s diet must contain all the main food groups recommended for feeding children of a particular age category.

Fruits and vegetables (in season), meat and fish, eggs, liver, nuts, dairy products, herbs and cereals must be present on the table.

Ideally, there should be a humidifier in the children's room, but if it is not possible to purchase one, you can use the old method: hang wet towels on the radiators or place pots of water on the shelves.

It is best to use heating devices only in case of emergency. The optimal air temperature for a child's room is °C in the morning (and °C at night).

Regular walks, in any weather, in the mornings and evenings, are also the key to healthy mucous membranes. If there is a little rain outside, this is not a reason to cancel your walk. On the contrary, such air has an extremely positive effect on the condition of the nasal cavity, helping to fight bacteria and viruses.

Nosebleeds cannot be called a pathological condition, since in most cases the causes of this phenomenon are related to anatomy and physiology. But it’s not worth starting the problem, especially if it comes back again and again. If you consult a doctor in a timely manner, disorders can be identified in the early stages, which allows you to successfully treat many diseases and prevent the development of complications.

Source: http://dozhdalis.ru/krov-iz-nosa-u-rebenka-prichinyi.html

Why does a child's nose bleed?

Many parents, starting from the first year of a baby’s life, are faced with the unpleasant phenomenon of bleeding from the child’s nose, and in some cases the bleeding can be frequent, severe, and difficult to stop. The integrity of the blood vessels in the baby’s body is easily damaged, which provokes the appearance of such symptoms. It does not always bleed from the nasal cavity in case of serious illnesses, but adults should pay attention to each case.

What is nosebleed

Before you understand why a child has a nosebleed, you need to understand why periodic bleeding from the nasal cavity occurs? This happens in adults and children, but more often in children because the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity are thin, easily dry out, and become damaged. Bleeding can occur between the ages of 1 and 10 years, and usually goes away by adolescence. In rare cases, the occurrence of persistent nosebleeds is a sign of pathology; if it recurs, you will need to consult a doctor.

Causes

In a child’s body, the development of all organ structures is imperfect; they are more fragile than in adults. The mucous tissues are underdeveloped, small vessels burst with minor trauma, so the most common causes of nosebleeds in children caused by damage to the mucosa do not pose a threat. In other cases, this is a signal to resort to cauterization of blood vessels or other medical care as soon as possible. Damage to the nasal sinuses occurs for many reasons, the most important of which are the following:

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  1. Mechanical injuries due to careless picking of the nose, introduction of foreign objects. In this case, damage to the nasal septum is usually minor, does not require medications, and is quickly stopped with special tampons. Blood flows only from the affected nostril.
  2. The appearance of adenoids not only provokes constant difficulty breathing, but contributes to the appearance of bleeding.
  3. Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity of any origin can provoke overstrain of the blood vessels. Infectious diseases in the baby's body are often accompanied by bleeding, vomiting, and fever.
  4. Anatomical congenital deviations of the nasal septum. In the vast majority of cases, they serve as an answer to the question of why a teenager’s nose is bleeding.
  5. Increased arterial and intracranial pressure is characterized by heavy bleeding from both nostrils.
  6. In rare cases, tumors occur in the posterior parts of the nasopharynx, on the mucous membranes, causing disturbances in the child’s body.
  7. Poor coagulation as a chronic disease can be suspected when the flow of blood does not stop, the contents of the capillaries come out in clots, entering the esophagus.

Your child often has nosebleeds

In itself, nosebleeds in children, although frightening both for the baby and his parents, are not an indication for immediate hospitalization. Regular, recurrent, heavy bleeding is a reason to conduct a full examination of the body’s condition in order to rule out increased intracranial and blood pressure, tumors, and other serious diseases.

In the morning

Morning bleeding is often the reason for medical consultation. One of the common causes of this phenomenon is vitamin deficiency - a lack of vitamins C, A, E in the body. When bleeding occurs, the vessels burst due to dryness of the mucous membrane, which intensifies during the night. Lack of nutrients is treated with ascorutin tablets; in more severe cases, vitamin solutions are administered intramuscularly. Upon examination, the doctor determines the severity of the condition and prescribes the optimal treatment.

Bleeding from the nose in a baby

An infant who exhibits symptoms of nosebleeds is also subject to mandatory examination. Frequent nosebleeds in children under one year of age are caused by dry mucous membranes, but sometimes they become a consequence of chronic runny nose or anatomical disorders. Coagulation factors are affected by age: in newborns and infants, even strong crying or cold weather can provoke bleeding due to the thinness of the baby’s capillary walls.

Heavy bleeding

This condition is less common. It uses posterior tamponade, but the procedure is fraught with problems with the posterior wall of the nasal cavity. Excessive use of vasoconstrictor drugs, such as drops for the common cold, can cause bleeding. This condition can cause serious blood loss, so if you are unable to stabilize your child's condition within minutes, call your doctor.

Causes of nosebleeds in teenagers

Sudden nosebleeds are more common in infants and children under ten years of age. If a teenager often begins to bleed, this indicates changes in blood pressure, which can rise and fall under the influence of hormonal changes. Increased blood pressure is a reason to go to a neurologist. An additional symptom is dizziness. With sinusitis, chronic runny nose, and polyps in the nasal cavity, similar symptoms may be observed.

How to stop nosebleeds

Almost every parent is faced with situations of nasal bleeding. There is no need to panic; it is easy to stop the bleeding by following a number of steps:

  1. The child should take a sitting position.
  2. Take a thin strip of fabric, a special gauze or cotton swab, soak it in cold water, hydrogen peroxide, and carefully place it in the nasal cavity.
  3. Place ice on the bridge of your nose and pinch your nostrils to prevent blood from leaking out.
  4. The child can lie down to help stop the bleeding, or tilt their head back.
  5. Is vomiting, nausea, dizziness added to severe nasal blood loss? Call an ambulance immediately.

Treatment

For single or rare bleeding, no special treatment is required. If blood begins to flow frequently, this is a reason to diagnose the condition of the baby’s body. Tests are carried out for vitamin deficiency, genetic disorders, problems with coagulation, and blood pressure. With the help of ultrasound and a doctor's examination, tumors of the posterior parts of the nasopharynx and infectious diseases are excluded.

One of the common medical procedures is cauterization of the walls of blood vessels using silver nitrate or trichloroacetic acid. The procedure is painless thanks to the use of analgesics. Modern methods add cryodestruction and laser therapy to traditional ones; the essence of both methods is to strengthen blood vessels and prevent the formation of new erosion.

To eliminate vitamin deficiencies, injections and tablets are prescribed. Sometimes the attending doctor prescribes additional injections, such as Dicynone - a platelet stabilizer, aminocaproic acid - an agent for improving blood clotting, calcium chloride - has a pronounced vasoconstrictor effect.

Traditional medicine

Alternative medicine can restore the delicate nasal mucosa, and in mild cases, cope with the problem completely. It is recommended to put lemon juice in your nose - no more than two or three drops per nostril. Drops of aloe juice, tampons soaked in a decoction of thyme, fresh nettle juice, and linden leaves help well.

Prevention

In order to prevent nosebleeds in a child, you need to avoid injuries and foreign objects, which can damage the nasal mucosa. Humidify the air, do not allow overheating, make sure that the baby consumes a sufficient amount of fluid, vitamins A, C, E, K, often walk with the child in the fresh air, and include systematic sports in the daily routine.

Video

The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials in the article do not encourage self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and make recommendations for treatment based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

Source: http://sovets.net/13113-krov-iz-nosa-u-rebenka.html

Why does a child have nosebleeds?

Almost all parents have encountered the problem of nosebleeds in their children. Most often, this condition does not cause much concern: nosebleeds can occur due to a fight, prolonged exposure to the sun or overwork, but sometimes nosebleeds become the first signs of dangerous diseases such as decreased blood clotting, kidney or liver failure, or hypertension.

Causes of nosebleeds

Nosebleeds in children often occur for no apparent reason; such increased bleeding is associated with abundant innervation and blood supply to the nasal mucosa. Many small capillaries can “burst” at the slightest overvoltage, and stopping the flow of blood is not so easy. A single nosebleed should not cause anxiety in parents, even if they cannot accurately name its cause; frequent nosebleeds are another matter. Even if they recur once every few months, it is necessary to conduct a thorough examination of the child to exclude diseases of the internal organs. The most common causes of nosebleeds in children of different ages

1. In infants. The greatest concern and anxiety among parents is caused by nosebleeds in children under one year of age. But you shouldn’t always panic right away - most often babies get nosebleeds because the air in the room is too dry and hot. Many parents, fearing that their baby will catch a cold, do not ventilate the room or place additional heaters in it. Too dry and hot air causes the mucous membrane to dry out, the blood vessels become brittle and the nose bleeds. Typically, such bleeding occurs after sleeping, coughing or sneezing.

If the bleeding is profuse and often repeated, it is necessary to examine the child to exclude blood diseases - decreased coagulability, anemia, hemophilia; disturbances in the development of the vascular system of the nasal mucosa or the presence of formations in the nasal passages. Sometimes nosebleeds in young children occur due to the excessive zeal of parents, who clean and rinse the baby’s nose 1-2 times daily. Thick cotton swabs or cotton swabs (which are prohibited from cleaning a child’s nose) can easily damage the mucous membrane, and constant washing makes it dry and thin, which leads to the appearance of blood during or after hygiene procedures;

2. For children 2-10 years old. Most often, nosebleeds occur at this age; this is due to the abundant blood supply to the mucous membrane, weak blood vessels and increased motor activity of children. Nosebleeds can occur due to

  • injuries - coordination of movements in children at this age is not yet sufficiently perfect, so frequent falls, blows and injuries are inevitable. Moreover, for bleeding to occur, it is enough to hit yourself with a toy or “pick” your nose with your finger;
  • overheating - prolonged exposure to the sun without a hat can cause heatstroke or sunstroke, which is often accompanied by bleeding. In this case, the child becomes lethargic, capricious, complains of a headache, refuses to eat, and nausea and vomiting are possible;
  • increased physical activity - nosebleeds can occur after a whole day of running, playing and screaming, especially with a sudden change of environment, going on vacation or with changes in blood pressure. Such bleeding often occurs in the evening hours and is accompanied by whims and crying;
  • foreign body in the nose - unstoppable or constantly recurrent bleeding can be caused by damage to the mucous membrane by a foreign body. Young children, usually under 3-4 years old, love to explore the world in all possible ways and often stick various small objects into their noses: from beads to pieces of toys. If such an object is not detected in time, it can cause constant bleeding or chronic inflammation;
  • hypertension - a temporary increase in blood pressure can be caused by physical activity, exposure to the sun or visiting a bathhouse, but such bleeding, as a rule, does not recur and easily stops. But constantly occurring bleeding can be caused by diseases of the internal organs. Hypertension occurs in diseases of the liver, kidneys, cardiovascular system and blood pathologies. In these cases, in addition to frequent nosebleeds, the child has other signs of pathology: increased fatigue, swelling of the face or lower extremities, shortness of breath, pain when urinating, an enlarged abdomen or increased fragility of capillaries in the skin - bruises appear at the slightest blow or pressure on the skin;
  • pathologies of the nasal cavity - nosebleeds can come from a chronic runny nose, sinusitis or sinusitis. Constant inflammation makes the vessels brittle and the mucous membrane loose; in addition to frequent bleeding, the child has impaired nasal breathing, nasal discharge and other signs of the disease. In addition to inflammation, the cause of bleeding may be a deviated nasal septum - the child may sniffle, snore, or suffer from a chronic runny nose; formations in the nose - polyps, papillomas and other formations not only cause constant bleeding, but also complicate nasal breathing and slow down the physical and neuropsychic development of the child;
  • ARVI, influenza and other viral diseases - influenza viruses, parainfluenza, adnoviruses and some other pathogens of ARVI and colds, have a tropism for the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, they attach to it, make it looser, the vessels in it become thinner and bleeding occurs when coughing, sneezing or for no apparent reason;
  • treatment with vasoconstrictor drugs - if a child recently had a cold and was treated with vasoconstrictor drugs such as nazol, nazolin, glazolin, and so on, his mucous membrane may also be too dry, and his blood vessels may be brittle and weak. Long-term use of vasoconstrictor drugs can cause atrophy and thinning of the mucous membrane and cause constant bleeding;
  • vitamin C deficiency – a lack of vitamin C in food makes blood vessels weak and brittle; a sufficient supply of vitamins is especially important during the period of active growth of the child, in the autumn-winter time and after any infectious diseases. In addition to nosebleeds, signs of hypovitaminosis may include increased fatigue in the child, frequent headaches, pale skin, brittle nails and hair, as well as frequent acute respiratory viral infections;
  • hereditary diseases - less often, frequent nosebleeds are caused by diseases such as thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopathy, hemorrhagic vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus and others.

3. In teenagers. Hormonal changes and rapid growth often cause nosebleeds in children aged 10 to 14 years. At this age, nosebleeds, in addition to infectious and hereditary diseases, can be caused by:

  • hormonal changes - girls are more likely to suffer from this; an increase in the level of female sex hormones causes swelling and looseness of the nasal mucosa, which is why nosebleeds can occur for no apparent reason several times a week. Such bleeding disappears on its own as hormonal levels stabilize;
  • periods of increased growth - during periods of rapid growth, the vessels may not “keep up”, which is why they become thinner and more brittle. This is often observed in older children who, within a few months, “wipe out” nasm and experience problems with joints and blood vessels;
  • vegetative-vascular dystonia - dysregulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system often first makes itself felt during puberty. Teenagers complain of dizziness, sweating, increased or decreased heart rate, headaches, weakness, and nosebleeds.

What to do if you have a nosebleed

  • The most important thing in case of nosebleeds is for the parents not to panic and to calm the child as much as possible;
  • you should not throw your head back during a nosebleed - the blood will flow inside and may enter the respiratory tract; in the best case, it will enter the esophagus and the patient may vomit blood;
  • check for foreign bodies in the nose - if they are there, do not try to pull them out yourself, this can cause additional damage to blood vessels and heavy bleeding, which can only be stopped with medical help;
  • in case of bleeding, you need to sit the child on a chair or on your lap and slightly tilt the head forward so that the blood can flow freely from the nasal cavity;
  • You can apply ice or a cold compress to the bridge of your nose - in extreme cases, just a cotton swab or handkerchief moistened with cold water;
  • If there is heavy bleeding, cotton or gauze swabs with hydrogen peroxide can be placed in the nasal passages.

If the nosebleed does not stop within minutes, it is necessary to urgently take the child to the hospital. There, if necessary, the patient will undergo anterior nasal tamponade or use tampons soaked in aminocaproic acid or other drugs that stop bleeding. I can also place a hemostatic sponge in the nasal cavity, which contains substances that promote blood clotting. In difficult cases, coagulation (cauterization) of the vessels of the nasal cavity or intravenous administration of hemostatic drugs is performed.

If a child has regular nosebleeds, the following examinations should be carried out:

  • at the ENT specialist - to exclude the presence of foreign bodies, polyps and other formations in the nasal cavity, deviated nasal septum, chronic atrophic rhinitis and other diseases;
  • the therapist - a complete examination of internal organs - ultrasound of the heart, kidneys, liver;
  • from a hematologist - to exclude hereditary diseases and pathologies of the blood system; It is also necessary to do a detailed blood test, determine the time and factors of blood clotting, and check intracranial pressure and blood pressure. If your child’s examination does not reveal any pathologies, and nosebleeds continue to occur regularly, it is recommended:
  • take medications that strengthen the vascular wall - for example, ascorutin;
  • take vitamin C or multivitamin preparations;
  • spend more time outdoors and exercise;
  • establish a strict daily routine - go to bed at the same time, and sleep should be at least 8 hours a day. This is especially important for teenagers who spend a lot of time on computers and constantly experience sleep deprivation;
  • protect the child’s head from direct sunlight;
  • monitor the hydration of the mucous membrane - be sure to humidify the air in the room where the child sleeps or spends most of the time, and also use saline solutions or Vaseline gel for moisturizing;
  • drink a decoction of viburnum - it has pronounced hemostatic properties. To prepare it, 10 grams of viburnum bark is poured into 1 cup of boiling water, left for a minute and the child is given 1 deciliter - 1 tbsp 3 times a day for a course of treatment for a day;
  • take a nettle decoction - it has the same properties, it is prepared at the rate of 2 tbsp of dry nettle per 1 tbsp of boiling water, leave for a minute, then filter and give to the patient 1 tsp -1 tbsp 3 times a day before meals, course of treatment is 2-3 weeks, then you need to take a break for 2 weeks and repeat the course.
  • infusion of beech and yarrow is considered a very effective hemostatic agent. Prepare an infusion of 3 tablespoons of yarrow and 0.5 teaspoons of officinalis in 3 tablespoons of boiling water. Take 13 tbsp 3 times a day before meals for 7-10 days. If a child continues to have nosebleeds for more than 6 months, consultation with all of the above doctors is required, since such prolonged bleeding is typical for serious diseases of the blood or internal organs.

Reviews

Thank you very much for the article

very useful article to read right away and not panic, and then go straight to the therapist

Source: http://onwomen.ru/pochemu-u-rebenka-idet-krov-iz-nosa.html