Acute tracheobronchitis is

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Tracheobronchitis: symptoms and treatment

Tracheobronchitis - main symptoms:

  • Fever
  • Loss of appetite
  • Dyspnea
  • Chest pain
  • Dry mouth
  • Insomnia
  • Dry cough
  • Wheezing
  • Fever
  • Malaise
  • Apathy
  • Rapid breathing
  • Wheezing in the chest
  • Shallow breathing
  • Inability to breathe deeply
  • Blueness of lips
  • Noisy breathing
  • Hoarseness of voice
  • Cough with purulent discharge

Tracheitis and bronchitis are often interrelated, combining into one pathological condition - tracheobronchitis.

Table of contents:

This is a disease, as a result of which the inflammatory process covers the trachea and bronchi. According to ICD-10, the disease is coded J06-J21. It can only be fully cured in a hospital setting. Self-medication using folk remedies (without a doctor’s prescription) is unacceptable.

Causes

The main reason for the development of tracheobronchitis in humans is infection. The development of the disease is provoked by the following microorganisms:

Bacterial tracheobronchitis, as a rule, is not a primary disease. Usually it begins to progress against the background of a viral pathology already existing in the body. The main route of infection for tracheobronchitis is bronchogenic, aerogenic. This, in turn, suggests that the patient is contagious to the people around him.

Non-infectious causes of the disease:

  • avitaminosis;
  • hypothermia;
  • constant stressful situations;
  • lack of sunlight;
  • inadequate and irrational nutrition;
  • smoking;
  • unfavorable environmental situation in the place where a person lives;
  • heredity;
  • chronic pathologies of the respiratory system;
  • overwork.

Forms

  • acute tracheobronchitis. This form of the disease lasts for 10 days. During this entire period, the patient is contagious to others, so he must be isolated. Acute tracheobronchitis is characterized by extensive inflammation of the mucous membrane of the trachea and throat;
  • protracted form of tracheobronchitis. The development of this pathology is indicated if the symptoms of the disease do not disappear within a month;
  • chronic tracheobronchitis. The duration of the illness is more than 3 months. Often this pathology is diagnosed in people who are too fond of smoking. Together with chronic tracheobronchitis, other respiratory tract pathologies can develop;
  • allergic tracheobronchitis. This form progresses due to the penetration of various allergens into the human body. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that the patient’s condition does not worsen, but there is a rapid manifestation of symptoms: hoarse voice, severe itching, cough. Allergic tracheobronchitis is more susceptible to people who live in unfavorable areas where there are many toxic substances in the atmosphere;
  • infectious-allergic tracheobronchitis. In this case, the allergic form of the pathology begins to progress against the background of the infectious one.

Symptoms

Each form of pathology has its own characteristic symptoms. The degree of their severity depends on the severity of the pathological process in a person.

Symptoms of acute tracheobronchitis:

  • a severe dry cough is the main symptom indicating the progression of the pathology;
  • dysphonia;
  • hoarseness;
  • breathing becomes harsh, noisy and whistling;
  • fever;
  • dry mouth;
  • it is difficult for the patient to take a full deep breath, as well as exhale;
  • lips may take on a bluish tint;
  • the chest may hurt, tending to get worse during coughing;
  • mucopurulent sputum is coughed up.

If acute tracheobronchitis progresses, you should consult a qualified doctor as soon as possible to diagnose and prescribe adequate treatment. If you delay, there is a risk of developing dangerous complications and the disease becoming chronic.

Signs of the development of allergic tracheobronchitis:

  • apathy;
  • low-grade fever;
  • chest pain that gets worse after coughing;
  • lack of appetite;
  • dry cough.

This form of pathology has one characteristic feature - as soon as the allergen is eliminated, all inflammatory signs completely disappear.

Chronic tracheobronchitis is characterized by a calmer and milder course. Signs of pathology development:

  • "hoarse" voice. In some cases, patients may also develop acute laryngotracheobronchitis;
  • wheezing;
  • insomnia;
  • dyspnea;
  • paroxysmal cough;
  • In the morning, when coughing, mucopurulent sputum is released.

Tracheobronchitis in children

The main reasons that provoke the development of tracheobronchitis in children include the following:

Symptoms of tracheobronchitis in children:

  • stridor;
  • temperature increase;
  • development of laryngitis against the background of tracheobronchitis;
  • malaise;
  • the voice becomes hoarse;
  • tachypnea;
  • wheezing is noted in the lungs;
  • paroxysmal convulsive cough.

Tracheobronchitis in children should be treated only in a hospital setting with the use of medications, inhalations and exercise therapy. Sometimes doctors prescribe additional folk remedies.

Tracheobronchitis during pregnancy

Most often, the viral type of pathology develops during pregnancy. As a rule, it begins to progress against the background of acute respiratory infections, tonsillitis or pharyngitis. It is worth noting that the viral type during pregnancy poses a threat to the health and life of the child, so if it progresses, treatment should be started as early as possible.

The bacterial type is also very dangerous. The reason here is that during pregnancy it is not possible to treat with antibiotics, since it can harm the fetus. But so far scientists have not developed another effective method that would help eliminate the bacterial infection. Antibiotics are the only effective treatment.

During pregnancy, a woman should strictly adhere to the basic recommendations for the prevention of this disease. It is necessary to avoid large crowds of people, limit contact with sick people, and avoid hypothermia. It is also important to eat right during pregnancy.

Diagnostics

Tracheobronchitis in children and adults, as well as during pregnancy, is a very dangerous pathology that requires full diagnosis and adequate treatment. At the appointment, the doctor examines the patient, performs percussion and auscultation of the lungs, and also sends him for an X-ray of the lungs. This is necessary to rule out pneumonia.

Additional examination methods:

Treatment

You can begin to treat the disease only after diagnosis. The first stage of treatment is etiotropic therapy. The patient is prescribed antiviral or antibacterial medications. Only after this do symptomatic therapy begin. The patient is required to rest in bed and drink plenty of fluids.

The following medications are used to treat tracheobronchitis:

  • antiviral;
  • antipyretics;
  • antibiotics;
  • immunomodulators;
  • expectorants;
  • antihistamines;
  • multivitamins.

Non-drug therapy

Non-drug treatment of tracheobronchitis includes inhalations, massage, foot baths, and physical therapy. The most effective method of treatment is inhalation. They can be performed on people of any age and even children. Inhalations are carried out both in a hospital and at home - using inhalers or nebulizers. Inhalations help to quickly eliminate the disease, since during their implementation small particles of medicinal substances are sprayed, which the patient inhales. They penetrate deep into the bronchi, having a positive effect on them. It is worth noting that inhalations are carried out even for pregnant women. Sometimes oxygen therapy is performed - oxygen inhalation.

ethnoscience

Tracheobronchitis can be treated using folk remedies. But they should not be used independently, but in tandem with drug therapy. In folk medicine I widely use decoctions and infusions. They are used both orally and as gargles and inhalations:

  • honey and aloe juice;
  • infusion of mint leaves, plantain and elderberry flowers (an effective folk remedy);
  • ginger tea;
  • badger fat;
  • linden decoction.

If you think that you have Tracheobronchitis and the symptoms characteristic of this disease, then doctors can help you: an otolaryngologist, a pulmonologist, a therapist.

We also suggest using our online disease diagnostic service, which selects probable diseases based on the entered symptoms.

Pleurisy is a general name for diseases in which inflammation of the serous membrane around the lungs - the pleura - occurs. The disease usually develops against the background of pre-existing diseases and may be accompanied by the formation of effusion on the surface of the membrane (exudative pleurisy) or fibrin (dry pleurisy). This problem is considered one of the most common pulmonary pathologies (300–320 cases per 100 thousand population), and the prognosis for treatment depends entirely on the severity of the primary disease and the stage of inflammation.

Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by short-term attacks of breathlessness caused by spasms in the bronchi and swelling of the mucous membrane. This disease has no specific risk group or age restrictions. But, as medical practice shows, women suffer from asthma 2 times more often. According to official data, today there are more than 300 million people living with asthma in the world. The first symptoms of the disease most often appear in childhood. Elderly people suffer from the disease much more difficult.

Acute bronchitis is a disease characterized by an acute inflammatory process of the bronchial mucosa. The main symptom by which the disease can be identified is cough. People most often fall ill after hypothermia, damage to the body by various infections, abuse of nicotine, and decreased immunity.

Pericarditis is a cardiovascular disease that is characterized by the presence of inflammatory processes in the outer lining of the heart - the pericardium. The pericardium completely envelops the heart and is attached to the chest by vessels extending from the heart and the diaphragm. This membrane is designed to prevent the heart from stretching during heavy exertion, as well as to prevent the heart from being displaced from its normal position in the chest. The pericardium consists of two layers: one is firmly attached to the heart muscle, and the second surrounds the heart quite loosely. Between them there is a liquid that reduces friction between the layers when the heart moves.

Obstructive bronchitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the bronchi and is complicated by obstruction. This pathological process is accompanied by severe swelling of the respiratory tract, as well as a deterioration in the ventilation capacity of the lungs. Obstruction develops more rarely; doctors diagnose non-obstructive bronchitis several times more often.

With the help of exercise and abstinence, most people can do without medicine.

Symptoms and treatment of human diseases

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Source: http://simptomer.ru/bolezni/organy-dykhaniya/1163-trakheobronkhit-simptomy

Symptoms and treatment of acute and chronic forms of tracheobronchitis

The lower respiratory tract consists of the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. Inflammation of the mucous tissue of these organs, caused by a virus or infection, is diagnosed as acute tracheobronchitis. The signs and treatment of the contagious stage of the disease differ from chronic tracheobronchitis, which can be accompanied by bronchial asthma, emphysema and difficulty breathing for more than three months a year.

Acute tracheobronchitis often occurs as a complication of respiratory and other diseases caused by a viral infection (influenza, measles, whooping cough, adenovirus). Pathogens can be streptococcus, staphylococcus. Chronic tracheobronchitis develops due to complications of the disease, against the background of weak immunity, poor lifestyle, or when the patient is prone to asthma.

International classification

  1. Acute tracheobronchitis according to the ICD-10 classification received code J20 (acute diseases of the lower respiratory tract caused by a virus).
  2. Chronic, mucopurulent bronchitis, tracheitis and tracheobronchitis of unspecified nature according to ICD-10 have code J40‒42.
  3. Allergic tracheobronchitis associated with asthma is assigned code J45.
  4. The obstructive (difficulty breathing) form of disease of the trachea and bronchi, including chronic obstructive asthma according to ICD-10, has code J44.
  5. Acute severe asthma - code J46 according to the ICD-10 classification.
  6. Inflammation without asthma caused by poisoning with chemical and mineral substances - code J60-70 according to ICD-10.

General characteristics of the disease

The acute form of tracheobronchitis develops abruptly and is most often contagious, since the causative agent is a bacterial infection. Without complications, treatment lasts from 6-7 days to two weeks. The disease can be dangerous for weakened patients: children, the elderly, women during pregnancy. To avoid complications, treatment for tracheobronchitis should be started as soon as possible.

The most obvious and unpleasant symptom of the disease is a hacking cough without sputum, or a cough in which a lot of yellow and white purulent mucus is coughed up. As a result of a convulsive, sharp cough, the sternum and abdominal muscles begin to ache. Tracheobronchitis in children is accompanied by a runny nose, sore throat and fever. Inflammation of the mucous membrane can rise to the upper respiratory tract or fall below, causing complications in the lungs, including pneumonia.

You can treat tracheobronchitis at home with:

  • expectorants, painkillers, sputum thinners;
  • sulfa drugs;
  • antibiotics;
  • physiotherapeutic procedures.

Chronic tracheobronchitis

The chronic form develops:

  • after the acute stage of the disease;
  • against the background of weak immunity;
  • smoking;
  • drinking alcohol;
  • poisoning with hazardous products that irritate the mucous membranes when inhaled.

Inflammation of the respiratory organs can be of an allergic nature:

  • atopic asthma;
  • hay fever with asthma;
  • rhinitis with asthma.

Industrial workers exposed to dust, exhaust and toxic fumes are at risk of developing chronic bronchitis. Inflammation of the airways can be caused by external agents:

  • poisonous gases, smoke, liquids;
  • minerals;
  • inorganic crumbs;
  • inhalation of coal dust;
  • asbestos, silicon;
  • mold spores.

Chronic cough can be caused by the action of certain medications on the mucous membrane:

In case of poisoning by external substances, the ICD-10 classification indicates the code of the agent (irritant) that provoked the disease.

How to distinguish tracheobronchitis from other respiratory diseases

Tracheobronchitis has identical symptoms to bronchitis, except that in addition to the bronchi, the trachea is also affected. Related diseases of the lower respiratory tract include bronchiolitis.

Acute bronchitis and tracheobronchitis can be distinguished from other respiratory diseases by hoarse, disturbed breathing; Sometimes patients develop apnea (sleeping suffocation). The general condition is weak, the skin becomes pale or even bluish due to lack of air. During examination, patients hear dry wheezing in the bronchi, and there are complaints of pain during coughing. To correctly diagnose and treat tracheobronchitis, you need to undergo an in-person examination, take tests and take a chest x-ray.

Symptoms and course of the disease

Acute tracheobronchitis

In the first days after infection with the virus, a runny nose, cough, and conjunctivitis may develop.

Cough

  1. At first it is dry and painful, paroxysmal, without expectoration.
  2. On the second or third day, thick yellow mucus begins to be coughed up.
  3. Excess phlegm causes nausea and possible vomiting.
  4. From the fifth day, the sputum clears, the amount of mucus expectorated decreases, and the cough finally subsides.

Other symptoms

  1. Difficulty breathing with whistling.
  2. Suffocation.
  3. Wheezing in the bronchi.
  4. Pain behind the sternum, which gets worse when coughing.
  5. Fever.
  6. General weakness.

Possible complications of the disease

  1. Another bacterial infection: influenza, streptococcus, staphylococcus, pneumococcus.
  2. Otitis, pneumonia, sinusitis.
  3. Bronchiolitis.
  4. Relapse of acute tracheobronchitis.

Chronic tracheobronchitis

Manifestations of chronic bronchitis are individual and depend on the cause of the disease.

Symptoms

  1. Chronic dry cough.
  2. Cough with sputum.
  3. Excess mucus in the upper respiratory tract.
  4. Moderate chest pain.
  5. Frequent rise in temperature to 37‒37.5°.
  6. Constant cold in the cold season, which disappears with the arrival of warmth.
  7. Lack of air at rest.
  8. Shortness of breath and chest pain during exercise.
  9. Blueness of the skin (cyanosis).
  10. Thickening of the fingers in the area of ​​the nail plate.
  11. Recurrent diseases of acute tracheobronchitis.
  12. Fatigue and malaise.

Possible complications

  1. Acute bronchitis.
  2. Bronchopneumonia.
  3. Bronchiectasis.
  4. Increase in heart size.
  5. Emphysema.
  6. Increased risk of mortality.

Allergic tracheobronchitis

It is also a chronic form of tracheobronchitis.

Symptoms

  1. Dry cough, especially at night.
  2. Suffocation.
  3. Chest pain.
  4. Weak wheezing is heard in the bronchi.
  5. Weakness, fatigue.
  6. The disease either disappears or returns.
  7. The level of eosinophils in the blood is increased. This condition occurs with atopic dermatitis, hay fever, bronchial asthma - diseases of an allergic nature that can exist against the background of chronic tracheobronchitis.

If you suspect chronic or allergic tracheobronchitis, you need to pay special attention to how often the patient suffers from respiratory diseases and in what environmental environment he works or lives. Treatment of these forms of the disease involves reducing symptoms and improving respiratory function.

Survey

Patients with signs of acute tracheobronchitis consult a physician. For a more accurate diagnosis, especially if chronic tracheobronchitis is suspected, you should consult an otolaryngologist. The patient may also be additionally referred for consultation to a pulmonologist, allergist, or phthisiatrician.

Treatment is based on the results of the examination. When treating diseases of the bronchi and trachea, the following forms of diagnosis may be required:

  • face-to-face consultation with a specialist, examination of the patient;
  • survey to identify complaints and symptoms;
  • fluorography;
  • radiography;
  • laboratory analysis of sputum to identify the pathogen;
  • if chronic and allergic tracheobronchitis is suspected, a blood test is required;
  • if the examination reveals significant damage to the mucosa, endoscopy is performed with the possible collection of material for research.

For emergency purposes, a chest x-ray may be performed during pregnancy. X-ray and fluorography are done when examining children and even infants. But parents should know that this procedure is carried out only:

  • if you suspect bronchial asthma;
  • to control pathological changes in the tissues of the bronchi and lungs;
  • if there are no alternative methods for diagnosing the disease.

Treatment

Tracheobronchitis is a serious disease, but if treated in a timely manner, the inflammation goes away within 1–2 weeks. To improve the patient’s condition during an exacerbation, it is necessary to treat not only the infection, but also individual symptoms of the disease.

Alleviation of the patient's condition

  1. The room should be ventilated regularly.
  2. Humidifying the air will reduce coughing.
  3. Expectorant mixtures.
  4. Mild teas with honey and lemon to thin mucus.
  5. Inhalations based on herbal decoctions.
  6. Oxygen therapy to replenish oxygen in the blood.
  7. The doctor may prescribe a number of intravenous injections, including medications to improve circulation and breathing.

Treatment of infection

Children can be treated with sulfonamide antibacterial drugs:

Sulfonamide drugs are effective against a wide range of viruses that are susceptible to them. Treatment of tracheobronchitis with complications requires the use of antibiotics:

Treatment of chronic tracheobronchitis

Chronic tracheobronchitis is based on an untreated acute or allergic disease of the respiratory system. Frequent low temperatures indicate that there is low-grade inflammation in the body. The patient coughs, gets sick a lot, and his symptoms appear and disappear.

Treatment of chronic tracheobronchitis is complex.

  1. The patient needs to get rid of bad habits: alcohol, smoking.
  2. An examination is required to identify the virus that causes inflammation.
  3. Allergy tests are carried out.
  4. Therapy is prescribed by a doctor based on diagnostic results.

The allergic form is treated with:

  • expectorants;
  • antihistamines;
  • inhalations;
  • folk remedies;
  • physiotherapy.

Prevention of tracheobronchitis

Tracheobronchitis often occurs as a complication of other respiratory diseases caused by a virus. To prevent the development of tracheobronchitis, you need to:

  • start treatment of acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections on time;
  • do not carry the disease on your feet;
  • do not overcool when symptoms of illness appear;
  • eat fresh fruits and vegetables to replenish natural vitamins;
  • drink teas, warm water with lemon juice and honey to ease expectoration when coughing and not injure the bronchi.

Source: http://stoppneumonia.ru/lechenie-pnevmonii/simptomy-i-lechenie-ostroj-i-hronicheskoj-formy-traheobronhita/

Tracheobronchitis - what is it and how to treat tracheobronchitis in adults and children

Tracheobronchitis - what is it? How to treat it in adults and children? These questions come from many parents. In our article we will talk about this disease, the causes of its occurrence, as well as methods of its treatment and preventive measures.

Tracheobronchitis is the simultaneous inflammation of the mucous membranes of the trachea and bronchi. At the beginning of the disease, a sore and dry throat appears, then inflammation descends first to the larynx, then to the trachea. The development of the disease ends with inflammation of the bronchi.

The illness can be caused by a virus or a common cold. Sometimes tracheobronchitis develops due to improper treatment of respiratory diseases, with weak immunity.

Be careful! Sometimes the disease develops without a previous cold - then it can be a harbinger of whooping cough or measles.

Causes of tracheobronchitis

Depending on the root cause of the disease and the course of the disease, there are 3 types of tracheobronchitis:

  • Spicy. This form of the disease can develop in a few hours or a few days.
  1. infection (bacterial or viral);
  2. current or previous cold;
  3. regular smoking;
  4. harmful production, unhealthy environment.

[box type=”info” ]Attention! If treatment of tracheobronchitis in adults and children is started late, or the doctor’s prescription is incorrect, then the disease takes a chronic form or gives complications.[/box]

As a rule, the disease occurs during the cold and rainy seasons.

Heavy smokers in the morning may be bothered by a strong cough with sputum discharge - this may be a sign of chronic tracheobronchitis. People working in difficult conditions (workers in mines or metallurgical shops) may also be bothered by a dry cough with a slight discharge of sputum - this may be a sign of illness.

  • Allergic. Inflammation in the tracheobronchial tree is caused by sensitivity to allergens, the presence of staphylococci and pneumococci in the body.

[box type=”note” ]Attention. Allergic tracheobronchitis is not a cold.

Exacerbation can be caused by allergenic plant pollen, animal hair, bird fluff and aquarium fish food.[/box]

Tracheobronchitis in adults, symptoms and treatment

Having found out what tracheobronchitis is, let’s move on to the question of what the symptoms of this disease are and how to treat it in adults. For successful treatment, it is important to diagnose it correctly. Tracheobronchitis is characterized by the following symptoms:

  • weakness, fatigue;
  • dry cough, caused at the beginning of the disease by a sore throat, then turning into debilitating attacks of dry cough (especially in a horizontal position in the morning);
  • a slight increase in temperature (but short-term values ​​up to 38.5 degrees are possible);
  • pain in the lower region of the larynx;
  • dyspnea.

With proper treatment, the acute form of tracheobronchitis can be cured in 7 to 10 days. During this time, the cough becomes rare and wet.

If relief does not occur during this time, then most likely there is a chronic form of the disease. It can be recognized by the following symptoms:

  • body temperature is about 37.5 for a week;
  • changes in skin color around the mouth and lips (a noticeable blue tint);
  • purulent sputum when coughing;
  • severe chest pain that gets worse when coughing;
  • pronounced shortness of breath (even at rest), a feeling of lack of air.
The symptoms of allergic tracheobronchitis are very similar to the symptoms of the acute form of the disease. A distinctive sign may be a paroxysmal dry cough when interacting with an allergen.

Treatment of acute tracheobronchitis in adults

Several methods of treating the disease are known. The choice depends on the pathogen, clinical picture, patient’s age and other factors. Treatment should begin after examination by a doctor and an accurate diagnosis.

It should be aimed at eliminating the cause of the disease:

  • for the acute form of the disease, this means taking specific antiviral drugs and various immunostimulants;
  • to treat the allergic form, various antihistamines and hormonal drugs are used;

Only a doctor can prescribe antibiotics!

  • chronic or severe forms of tracheobronchitis are treated using antibiotics selected by the doctor individually for each patient;
  • For all forms of the disease, you can use folk remedies proven by generations: inhalations, decoctions, compresses.

How to treat tracheobronchitis in adults with medications

Each type of tracheobronchitis is a separate disease that requires proper diagnosis and treatment. As a rule, this disease is treated on an outpatient basis, except for severe cases.

The path to recovery begins with bed rest, staying warm without sudden fluctuations in air temperature (but with frequent ventilation) and drinking plenty of warm drinks.

In general cases, the following groups of drugs are prescribed for the treatment of acute tracheobronchitis:

  • Anti-cough - mucolytic drugs: Ambroxol (1 tablet 3 times a day, after a week 1 tablet 2 times a day), Bromhexine (1 tablet 3-4 times a day), Acetylcysteine ​​(aka ACC, 1 dissolve the sachet in half a glass of warm water, take 2-3 times a day or 200 mg granulate or tablets 2-3 times a day).
  • To suppress cough, medications containing codeine and butyramide are prescribed: Codelac, Terpincode (take 1 tablet 2-3 times a day).
  • Anti-inflammatory - most often prescribed Ibuprofen (the exact number of tablets is prescribed by the doctor, but on average 2-3 tablets 3-4 times a day for no longer than a week), Paracetamol (1-2 tablets 3-4 times a day). Both drugs are taken after meals.
  • Antiviral and antimicrobial. Depending on the causative agent of the disease (bacterial infection or virus), the doctor may prescribe Umkalor (herbal medicine in the form of a solution), Arbidol, Aflubin, Anaferon.

If treatment does not bring relief, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics. To correctly prescribe the drug, it is necessary to take a sputum test. Popular and effective antibiotics in the treatment of tracheobronchitis are:

  • If the cause is a viral pathogen: Augmentin, Amoxicillin. These agents destroy viral cells, but can cause allergies.
  • Suppressing the proliferation of bacteria and viruses: Azitrus, Sumamed, Azithromycin.
  • Antibacterial drugs Biseptol, Bioparox (drug - aerosol).
  • Ofloxacin and Avelox are used to treat the allergic form of tracheobronchitis.

Note! Doctors do not recommend prescribing treatment for yourself.

Excellent results are shown by the use of inhalation using a modern device - a nebulizer. The action of active substances (antibiotics or antimicrobial anti-inflammatory drugs) directly on the site of infection guarantees the effectiveness of treatment.

Note! The use of hormonal drugs is not possible for every nebulizer: ultrasound destroys them.

How to cure tracheobronchitis at home

Drug treatment of the disease in adults and children can be enhanced with proven home remedies.

[box type=”warning” ]Please note! Treatment of chronic tracheobronchitis with irritants is contraindicated, as they can cause bronchospasm.[/box]

The use of folk remedies is especially effective at the very beginning of the disease or when its course is mild. The softening effect of warm milk with a pinch of soda is well known. Many herbs and their infusions have bactericidal properties, relieve coughs and relieve inflammation:

  1. Prepare a mixture of stinging nettle and coltsfoot in equal parts. 1 tbsp. pour a glass of boiling water over the mixture and leave for 60 minutes. The resulting infusion should be drunk in 5 doses a day (before meals).
  2. Mix 1 part fennel with two parts licorice root and two parts marshmallow. 1 tbsp. pour boiling water (400 ml) over the collection and leave for a quarter of an hour. Drink the resulting decoction 2 tbsp. during the day.

When diagnosed with tracheobronchitis (what is it and how to treat it in adults and children - read our article), you can use plantain with a string for steam inhalation

Herbal decoctions give good results as steam inhalations. The best herbs consist of the following herbs:

  • string, plantain (10 g each), mullein flowers (15 g);
  • coltsfoot (10 g), oregano (5 g), wild rosemary shoots (3 g).

Place the mixture in a thermos and pour boiling water for 8 hours. Inhalation duration – 5 minutes. Successful treatment will require 6–8 sessions.

For inhalation, you can use chamomile decoction (1 tbsp per glass of boiling water) with 1 tsp. soda You should breathe the steam for 5 – 10 minutes, preferably at night.

Black radish and honey have been successfully used to treat coughs for many decades. There are two recipes for preparing the remedy:

  • Classical.

Black radish with honey is a very effective remedy for coughs.

Wash a medium-sized radish well, cut off the top and cut out the core of the root vegetable with a knife. Place honey in the resulting cavity. You should not fill it to the top, as juice will soon begin to come out.

Place the prepared radish in a glass and leave for some time (4-5 hours), or preferably overnight, at room temperature. The resulting juice is drunk 1 tbsp. 4 times a day.

The same radish can be used 3-4 times, adding honey to the cavity.

As a rule, the cough goes away in 7–10 days, but the juice can be taken longer: it has a general tonic effect on the body.

  • Alternative.

Black radish can be chopped and mixed with honey in a jar

Wash, peel and chop two medium-sized black radishes in any way: cut into cubes, strips or grate.

Next, layer the radishes and honey in a jar, close the lid and place in the refrigerator for several days. When the juice appears, drain it and drink 1 tbsp. 3-4 times a day.

In recent times, not a single home treatment was complete without aloe. Honey enhances the healing effect of the green doctor. To treat different types of cough, different remedies based on honey and aloe are prepared:

  • The classic mixture is prepared from aloe juice and honey (linden or herb) in equal parts.

Take 1 tsp. three times a day. After taking it, do not drink or eat anything for about 30 minutes. Shelf life in the refrigerator is no more than a day.

  • Dry cough is treated with this remedy: mix 100 g of melted butter, 100 g of honey, 1 tbsp. aloe juice

Take the finished product 1 tsp. three times a day, one minute after meals. Store in a non-metallic container in the refrigerator for no more than 2 days.

How to treat tracheobronchitis in children

Most often, the disease in children acts as a complication after respiratory diseases.

The child is bothered by a paroxysmal dry cough, sometimes ending in vomiting. High temperature, pain in the sternum and between the shoulder blades, and a hoarse voice are also symptoms of tracheobronchitis.

While waiting for the doctor, you can do inhalations (for example, regular soda, with a decoction of chamomile, with fir oil, if there is no allergy), a light massage of the thoracic back and rub this area with an irritating (warming) ointment, give plenty of warm drinks.

If there is no temperature, you can put mustard plasters.

In addition to medications prescribed by a doctor, you can treat children's cough with a mixture of aloe, honey and oil. As a warming agent, you can prepare a flat cake: mix equal amounts (1 tablespoon) of mustard powder, honey and vegetable oil in a plate.

Place the plate in a water bath and heat to high degrees, then add 2 tbsp. flour. Knead the dough and shape it into a flat cake.

This remedy is used as a compress on the back or chest at night. The cake is laid out on damp, warm gauze, covered with cling film and wrapped tightly with a warm scarf or towel.

After removing the compress, the area where it was applied should be wiped dry.

What not to do when treating tracheobronchitis

The desire to recover quickly can lead to a worsening of the patient’s condition. To prevent this from happening, you should follow several recommendations:

  • do not carry out warming procedures (mustard plasters, cups, compresses) if the temperature is above 37.3 degrees;
  • do not take hot drinks - only warm ones;
  • watch your diet and avoid eating spicy foods and alcohol.

Prevention of tracheobronchitis

The best treatment for any disease is its prevention. Dressing according to the weather and season, limiting the consumption of cold drinks, and playing sports will help avoid illness. Tea with ginger, viburnum, cranberry, lemon, honey in any combination will be a good preventive measure and strengthen the immune system.

Tracheobronchitis is an unpleasant disease, but curable. Knowing the symptoms and causes of its occurrence, you should consult a doctor at the first suspicion and begin proper treatment on time.

Tracheobronchitis and other similar diseases - what they are, how to treat them in adults and children - you will learn from this video:

E. Komarovsky will talk about the treatment of bronchitis and its various forms (including tracheobronchitis) in children:

1 COMMENT

Our pediatrician once told us that bronchitis, tracheobronchitis, pneumonia are all complications after ARVI, which is why it is so important to start treatment on time.

And the best thing is not to get sick at all and take care of yourself!

Source: http://ideales.ru/tvoyo-zdorove/traheobronhit-kak-lechit-vzroslyih-detey.html

Acute tracheobronchitis

Acute tracheobronchitis is an acute respiratory disease that occurs with inflammatory damage to the mucous membrane of the trachea and bronchi. Acute tracheobronchitis is characterized by a severe cough (initially unproductive, then with the release of mucopurulent sputum), raw pain in the chest, low-grade fever, and general weakness. Diagnosis includes a physical examination, chest x-ray, clinical blood and sputum analysis. Treatment of acute tracheobronchitis is carried out with the help of pharmacotherapy (expectorants, antitussives), thermal procedures (mustard plasters, cupping), alkaline inhalations.

Acute tracheobronchitis

Acute tracheobronchitis is an infectious-inflammatory process that affects the lower respiratory tract (trachea and bronchial tree) and resolves within three weeks. Every year, 5% of the adult population suffer from the disease; The peak of visits to the doctor occurs in the autumn-winter period - the time of epidemic outbreaks of ARVI. Acute tracheobronchitis is often combined with lesions of the upper respiratory tract: rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis. In pulmonology, acute (lasting up to 3 weeks), prolonged (up to 1 month) and chronic (up to 3 or more months) tracheobronchitis are distinguished. The course of acute tracheobronchitis can be uncomplicated and complicated - the latter option is more common in immunocompromised individuals (with HIV status, receiving chemotherapy), patients with COPD, and heart failure.

Causes of acute tracheobronchitis

Up to 90% of all cases of acute tracheobronchitis are caused by seasonal respiratory viral infection. Damage to the lower parts of the respiratory tract is most often initiated by influenza viruses, adenoviruses, coronaviruses, enteroviruses, rhinoviruses, metapneumoviruses; in children - RS virus and parainfluenza virus type III. Most respiratory viruses cause damage to the epithelium of the lower respiratory tract, activation of inflammatory mediators and dysfunction of the bronchial mucociliary apparatus.

Less than 10% of cases of acute tracheobronchitis, according to epidemiological studies, are associated with Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Pertussis and parapertussis bacteria (B. pertussis and B. parapertussis) have been shown to cause acute tracheobronchitis in immunized adults. In patients undergoing tracheostomy or endotracheal intubation, bacterial inflammation of the trachea and bronchi caused by nosocomial infection (S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, St. aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis) is possible.

In some cases, acute tracheobronchitis may be of an allergic or toxic-chemical nature. Non-infectious factors of inflammation can be atmospheric pollutants, tobacco smoke, heavy metals, dust, animal hair, etc. Chronic diseases, post-infectious asthenia, hypovitaminosis, hypothermia, and stressful situations contribute to increased susceptibility to causally significant agents; in children – exudative diathesis, malnutrition, rickets, poor care.

Symptoms of acute tracheobronchitis

Typically, acute tracheobronchitis is preceded by signs of acute respiratory infections: general malaise, fever, aches throughout the body, headache, rhinitis, pharyngitis. Unpleasant sensations in the nasopharynx quickly descend down, covering the trachea and large bronchi.

The leading symptom of acute tracheobronchitis is a strong, paroxysmal cough, especially pronounced at night. Initially, the cough is dry, unproductive, accompanied by a raw sensation in the throat and pain in the chest. A deep breath causes pain and provokes another paroxysm of coughing, as a result of which breathing becomes shallow and rapid. In young children, coughing attacks may be accompanied by vomiting, cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle, and agitation.

After a few days, the stage of “dry” catarrhal inflammation is replaced by “wet” inflammation. A productive cough appears with the release of mucous (sometimes mucopurulent sputum). As the sputum discharge becomes easier, the cough ceases to cause painful sensations, and the general condition improves. Under normal conditions (sufficient immunoreactivity of the body, timely and adequate treatment), acute tracheobronchitis resolves within one to two weeks.

During periods of seasonal influenza epidemics, a special form of the disease occurs - acute hemorrhagic tracheobronchitis, which has a severe, sometimes fatal course. This form of tracheobronchitis is often complicated by hemorrhagic pneumonia, laryngeal edema with the threat of asphyxia.

Diagnosis of acute tracheobronchitis

Treatment and diagnostic measures for acute tracheobronchitis are usually carried out on an outpatient basis by a pediatrician, therapist or pulmonologist. In case of a pronounced allergic component, consultation with an allergist-immunologist is indicated. Persons with severe acute tracheobronchitis (for example, hemorrhagic form), as well as with aggravated general somatic background, are subject to hospitalization.

During auscultation examination, hard breathing with dry (later on wet, medium- and fine-bubbly) wheezing is heard. X-ray of the lungs is important mainly to exclude acute pneumonia. To exclude a bacterial infection, sputum (general analysis, bacteriological culture) and peripheral blood (clinical blood test, CRP, procalcitonin) are examined. To confirm or deny the allergic nature of acute tracheobronchitis, skin allergy tests are performed.

Differential diagnosis of acute tracheobronchitis is carried out with a wide range of diseases: laryngitis, bronchial asthma, COPD, pulmonary aspergillosis, respiratory mycoplasmosis, eosinophilic bronchitis, tumors of the trachea and bronchi, pneumonia, tuberculosis, whooping cough, foreign bodies of the respiratory tract.

Treatment of acute tracheobronchitis

Effective therapy for acute tracheobronchitis involves a combination of non-drug and drug methods. The first of them include: elimination of factors that irritate the respiratory tract, sufficient humidification of the air in the room, warm alkaline drinking, and in the absence of elevated temperature - thermal procedures (cupping, mustard plasters, foot baths). Alkaline inhalations have a good anti-inflammatory and expectorant effect.

Drug therapy for acute tracheobronchitis consists of antiviral therapy, immunomodulators, antihistamines, mucolytics and expectorants (ambroxol, ACC, mucaltin). For severe coughs, short-term administration of antitussive drugs (prenoxdiazine, butamirate) is indicated. Antibiotic therapy can be justified only in case of a high risk of developing severe complications against the background of comorbid conditions.

Preventive measures include seasonal vaccination against influenza, increasing the level of the body's defenses, avoiding hypothermia and contact with patients with acute respiratory infections. In most cases, acute tracheobronchitis ends in complete recovery without consequences. Complicated forms and chronic inflammation occur in individuals with a burdened premorbid background.

Acute tracheobronchitis - treatment in Moscow

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Tracheobronchitis in children and adults: causes, symptoms, how to treat

Tracheobronchitis is a combined inflammation of the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles, which develops after a respiratory infection, quickly spreads to the lower parts of the respiratory tract and often ends in bronchitis or pneumonia.

The development of pathology is facilitated by frequent colds, immunodeficiency, and allergies. Tracheobronchitis is a common occurrence in the cold season.

Timely consultation with a doctor and properly selected treatment will eliminate the pathology as soon as possible and avoid the development of severe complications.

Etiology

The main cause of tracheobronchitis is infection. The causative agents of the disease are bacteria - streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, mycoplasma, moraxella, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella, pseudomonas, as well as some viruses - influenza, parainfluenza, adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, coronoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus and some others. Bacterial tracheobronchitis is usually a secondary disease and develops against the background of an existing viral pathology.

The routes of infection for tracheobronchitis are aerogenic, hematogenous and bronchogenic. A person with bacterial or viral tracheobronchitis can infect many people if he comes into close contact with them.

Among the non-infectious causes of pathology are:

  1. Hypothermia,
  2. Alcoholism,
  3. Smoking,
  4. Avitaminosis,
  5. Constant stress
  6. Wrong lifestyle
  7. Poor nutrition
  8. Asthenia of the body,
  9. Overwork,
  10. Unfavorable environment,
  11. Unfavorable epidemiological situation - contacts with patients,
  12. Hereditary predisposition to respiratory pathology,
  13. Deficiency of sun rays
  14. Deformation of the nasal cavity and chest,
  15. Chronic respiratory diseases - inflammation of the sinuses, tonsils, pharynx,
  16. Acute infectious pneumonia, typhoid fever, whooping cough.

In healthy people, the air is warmed, purified and moistened in the nose. Large particles of dust settle on the nasal mucosa and are removed from the body with the help of cilia of the ciliated epithelium during sneezing. Diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, such as rhinitis, sinusitis, adenoiditis, disrupt the mechanisms of natural self-cleaning, which leads to impaired nasal breathing. Cold and unpurified inhaled air immediately enters the larynx and trachea, causing irritation and hypothermia. This leads to inflammation of the larynx, trachea and the development of tracheobronchitis.

Acute tracheobronchitis is pathogenetically characterized by swelling and hyperemia of the mucous membrane of the trachea and bronchi, its infiltration, accumulation of mucus and the formation of point hemorrhages.

Chronic tracheobronchitis is characterized by the development of dystrophic processes - hypertrophy or atrophy. The hypertrophic pathological process is accompanied by dilation of blood vessels, swelling of the mucous membrane, and the formation of large amounts of mucus and purulent sputum. With atrophic tracheobronchitis, the mucous membrane becomes thinner, becomes gray in color, and crusts form on its surface.

Forms of tracheobronchitis

  • Acute tracheobronchitis is a form of pathology that lasts less than 10 days and is characterized by diffuse inflammation of the mucous membrane of the throat and trachea. The acute form does not develop as an independent disease, but often occurs as a result of acute respiratory infections or becomes a symptom of pneumonia, whooping cough, measles, and typhoid fever.
  • The protracted form lasts a little longer than a month.
  • The duration of the chronic form is more than three months. It develops in heavy smokers or people working in conditions of increased dust or gas pollution. Chronic tracheobronchitis often accompanies other chronic pathologies of the respiratory system and ENT organs.
  • Allergic tracheobronchitis develops as a result of the penetration of allergens into the respiratory system. The peculiarity of this form is the relatively normal condition of the patient in the presence of a stormy clinic: severe itching, coughing and hoarse voice. Typically, this form of the disease affects people living in disadvantaged areas due to the presence of toxic substances in the atmosphere.
  • Infectious-allergic tracheobronchitis is the development of an allergic form of the disease against the background of an infectious one. An allergic reaction is formed in response to the appearance of microbial antigens in the body.

Symptoms

Acute tracheobronchitis manifests itself:

  1. Severe dry cough
  2. Hard, noisy, wheezing breathing,
  3. Difficulty in taking a deep breath and exhaling completely,
  4. Dysphonia,
  5. Hoarseness,
  6. Chest pain that gets worse when coughing
  7. Isolation of mucopurulent sputum;
  8. Fever
  9. Soreness and sore throat,
  10. Bluish lips,
  11. Increased sweating
  12. Dry mouth
  13. rapid breathing
  14. Weakness and decreased performance,
  15. Pain in the heart.

In acute forms of the disease, it is necessary to contact specialists as soon as possible and begin treatment. This is associated with a high risk of developing serious complications and chronicity of the pathological process.

Clinical signs of allergic tracheobronchitis:

  • Drowsiness, decreased performance, lethargy,
  • Apathy,
  • Loss of appetite
  • Painful sensations in the chest,
  • Pain in the diaphragm that occurs after coughing
  • Dry cough,
  • Low-grade fever.

A complication of the pathology is focal pneumonia. A feature of the allergic form of the disease is the complete disappearance of all inflammatory signs after elimination of the allergen. Allergic tracheobronchitis is characterized by a forced posture of patients, which makes breathing easier.

Chronic tracheobronchitis occurs more easily and calmly in patients. Symptoms of the pathology:

  1. Prolonged, persistent, paroxysmal cough,
  2. The appearance of serous-purulent sputum in the morning,
  3. Dyspnea,
  4. Wheezing,
  5. Burning and aching pain in the chest, lasting more than three months,
  6. Sleep disturbance,
  7. Atrophy or hypertrophy of the tracheal mucosa,
  8. The appearance of a “hoarse” voice and the development of laryngitis.

The disease has a favorable outcome if the correct treatment is started in time.

Features of pathology in children

The causative factors of tracheobronchitis in children are: ARVI, rickets, dystrophy, immunodeficiency, exudative diathesis, diabetes, weakened tonsil function, some infectious diseases, poor living conditions.

Clinical manifestations of tracheobronchitis in children are:

  • hoarseness of voice,
  • General malaise,
  • Wheezing in the lungs,
  • Stridor is noisy breathing, especially when inhaling,
  • Tachypnea,
  • Dry, convulsive cough, which occurs in attacks, usually at night and often ends in vomiting,
  • Concomitant laryngitis,
  • Temperature increase.

The treatment of the pathology is selected by the pediatrician individually for each child after examination and diagnostic procedures.

The main therapeutic measures for tracheobronchitis in infants are daily rubbing of the sternum and interscapular space with ointments with an irritating effect, as well as inhalation.

Dangerous consequences of tracheobronchitis in children:

  1. Pneumonia,
  2. Cardiac dysfunction
  3. Dysfunction of the nervous system.

Tracheobronchitis during pregnancy

Tracheobronchitis in pregnant women is as common as rhinitis or laryngitis.

Pathology of viral etiology is most common in pregnant women and usually occurs against the background of pharyngitis, tonsillitis or acute respiratory infections. Viral tracheobronchitis is an infectious disease that poses a danger to the body of the expectant mother and fetus.

Bacterial tracheobronchitis is a serious threat for pregnant women, since antibacterial treatment is not acceptable in this position, and no other effective way to get rid of bacteria has yet been developed.

Tracheobronchitis often causes complications in the form of pneumonia or chronic bronchitis, which also negatively affects the health of the mother and the intrauterine development of the fetus.

Pregnant women need to observe the prevention of tracheobronchitis: avoid crowds of people, especially during influenza epidemics; do not overcool; limit contact with patients when visiting the clinic; eat well; observe basic hygiene rules.

Diagnostics

Tracheobronchitis in children and adults is a serious pathology that requires detailed diagnosis and comprehensive treatment.

The doctor examines the patient, taps and listens to the lungs, and prescribes an X-ray to rule out pneumonia.

Additional research methods include microbiological analysis of sputum, tracheoscopy, and bronchoscopy.

Suspecting allergic tracheobronchitis, the doctor refers the patient to a consultation with an allergist to identify the allergen.

Treatment

Drug therapy

Treatment of pathology begins with etiotropic therapy - antibacterial or antiviral, and then moves on to symptomatic and pathogenetic. Patients with an acute form of the disease are prescribed bed rest and plenty of fluids. It is necessary to frequently clean and ventilate the room where the patient is located, and limit contact with others.

  • Patients are prescribed antiviral drugs - Interferon, Tsitovir, Kagocel, Remantadine.
  • Treatment of bacterial tracheobronchitis is carried out with broad-spectrum antibiotics, taking into account the sensitivity of the isolated pathogen, or with sulfonamide drugs.
  • Symptomatic therapy consists of the use of expectorants and mucolytics - “Lazolvan”, “Stoptussin”, “Bromhexin”, “Erispal”.
  • Immunomodulators are used to increase the overall resistance of the body - “Imunorix”, “Immunal”.
  • Antipyretics to normalize body temperature - Paracetamol, Ibuklin.
  • For the treatment of allergic tracheobronchitis, antihistamines are prescribed - Loratodine, Suprastin, Cetrin.
  • Irrigation of the oral mucosa and pharynx with Bioparox.
  • Multivitamins for general strengthening of a sick body.

Non-drug therapy

After the patient’s body temperature normalizes, they move on to physical procedures - inhalations, massage, foot baths, physical therapy.

Mustard plasters and jars are ideal for fighting coughs.

Inhalations are an excellent help in the fight against tracheobronchitis. To do this, ready-made inhalers and nebulizers are used at home. They are very effective because they spray fine particles of drugs well, which penetrate deeply into the bronchi and bronchioles.

In severe cases, patients are given oxygen therapy, which involves introducing oxygen into the patient's body.

There are special exercises that promote rapid removal of mucus during tracheobronchitis. In the morning, you need to hang your upper body down and cough in this position.

ethnoscience

Traditional medicine complements basic drug treatment.

Traditional medicine recipes for tracheobronchitis:

  1. An infusion of mint leaves, elderberry flowers and plantain is recommended to be drunk three times a day throughout the illness.
  2. An infusion of nettle and coltsfoot leaves promotes the rapid removal of phlegm.
  3. An infusion of thyme and oregano, a decoction of linden, marshmallow and licorice root have an expectorant effect.
  4. The anti-inflammatory properties of St. John's wort, yarrow and elecampane will help alleviate the patient's condition.
  5. Honey and aloe juice are mixed 1 to 1 and taken to cleanse the bronchi.
  6. Honey, butter and warm milk have a gentle effect on the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, enveloping and relieving inflammation.
  7. Ginger tea is a powerful antimicrobial and antitussive agent. It is widely used to treat colds and bronchitis.
  8. Badger or goose fat is used to lubricate the chest and back of small children to relieve cough.
  9. Gargling with decoctions of medicinal herbs or soda is a necessary condition in the treatment of tracheobronchitis.

Treatment of tracheobronchitis must be comprehensive. Patients need to undergo a complete course of treatment so that the pathology does not become chronic, which is much more difficult to get rid of.

Prevention

Preventive measures for tracheobronchitis include:

  • Calorie-dense, balanced diet enriched with vitamins,
  • Hardening the body
  • Prolonged stay in the fresh air,
  • Fighting bad habits
  • Strengthening immunity,
  • Regular cleaning and ventilation of the room,
  • Avoid contact with sick people.

By following these rules, you can prevent the development of tracheobronchitis and improve the general condition of the body.

Source: http://uhonos.ru/gorlo/bolezni-gorla/traxeobronxit/