Acute frontal sinusitis symptoms

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Frontitis - symptoms and treatment at home

Frontitis is an inflammatory disease of the mucous membrane of the frontal sinus, which is part of the anterior base of the skull and is located next to very important anatomical structures - the orbit and the anterior cranial fossa.

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As clinical practice shows, such a close location can lead to serious complications of frontal sinusitis.

Acute frontal sinusitis occurs with signs of general intoxication. Typically, with acute frontal sinusitis, symptoms appear abruptly, usually after the onset of any nasopharyngeal infections. Chronic frontal sinusitis can occur with alternating phases of remission and exacerbation. During the period of remission, symptoms practically do not appear, and during the period of exacerbation they are similar to those that occur during an acute process, but perhaps less pronounced.

In addition, in the chronic form, redness of the nasal turbinates, an unpleasant odor of nasal discharge, as well as signs of involvement of the nasolacrimal duct and redness of the corners of the eyes may be observed.

Causes

Why does frontal sinusitis develop, and what is it? The occurrence of the disease is most often facilitated by bacterial and viral infections (flu, acute respiratory infections), immune disorders and a number of diseases:

  • infection with group A streptococci;
  • allergic rhinitis or asthma;
  • dust and environmental pollution;
  • staying in smoky rooms;
  • untreated caries;
  • anatomical abnormalities in the structure of the frontal sinuses;
  • swimming (especially diving);
  • cystic fibrosis;
  • Kartagener's syndrome;
  • ciliary immobility syndrome.

Among other things, factors contributing to the development of frontal sinusitis are:

  • chronic vasomotor rhinitis;
  • ozena;
  • nasal injuries and foreign bodies;
  • occupational barotrauma;
  • deviated nasal septum;
  • narrowness and long length of the frontonasal canal;
  • bacterial carriage;
  • dysfunction of the immune system;
  • general exhaustion of the body;
  • improper nose blowing;
  • tumors and cysts of other paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity;
  • work in hazardous production;
  • regular stay in dusty, gas-filled rooms;
  • frequent hypothermia of the head.

Frontal sinusitis is classified according to the type of inflammation:

  1. Acute catarrhal frontal sinusitis is characterized by nasal congestion, a feeling of heaviness and pressure in the forehead, and can either pass without complications or go into the second stage.
  2. Acute purulent frontal sinusitis – purulent contents form and accumulate in the frontal sinuses, which leads to a significant deterioration in the patient’s condition, including loss of consciousness.

Many people think about how to treat frontal sinusitis at home. Only a qualified physician is allowed to prescribe treatment. You will definitely need to take strong medications to eliminate the infection. Otherwise, chronic frontal sinusitis will gradually develop.

Signs of the disease in this case will be less pronounced, but the disease will worsen. The patient will suffer from nasal discharge, congestion, and headaches.

Symptoms of sinusitis

The main symptom of acute frontal sinusitis in adults is a very severe headache, which increases with tilting the head, physical exercise, and pressing on the frontal lobe of the nose. The patient may also complain of other symptoms of frontal sinusitis:

  • photophobia;
  • lacrimation;
  • swelling of surrounding soft tissues;
  • temperature increase;
  • general weakness;
  • loss of appetite.

The peculiarity of pain in the acute form is its cyclical nature. While the outflow of fluid is impaired, the pain is unbearable; it can radiate to the temporal part of the head or to the eyes. As soon as the sinus is freed from accumulated mucus, the pain subsides. Chronic frontal sinusitis begins approximately two months after the onset of the acute process. Usually, a chronic disease becomes a result of incorrect treatment, or as a result of outright ignoring the painful condition.

Chronic frontal sinusitis

This form of the disease is characterized by the following symptoms:

  • a significant impairment of the sense of smell, in some cases the patient ceases to distinguish odors at all,
  • conjunctivitis,
  • if the inflammatory process has spread to the superciliary sinuses, in the morning the patient may notice swelling of the superciliary area and eyelids,
  • persistent cough that does not go away even after taking medication,
  • fast fatiguability.

Chronic frontal sinusitis often leads to the appearance of polyps in the nasal cavity, which interfere with nasal breathing.

How is the diagnosis made?

Diagnosing frontal sinusitis is usually not difficult. The diagnosis is made based on the clinical manifestations of the disease. To confirm the diagnosis, x-rays of the frontal sinuses are performed.

A sign of frontal sinusitis on an x-ray is darkening of the sinus on the affected side (in the case of a right-sided process - on the right, in case of a bilateral process - on both sides). For chronic frontal sinuses, you may need an MRI or CT scan, endoscopy of the nose and sinuses, and cultures of the sinus contents for flora.

Treatment of frontal sinusitis

In case of frontal sinusitis, treatment in adults is aimed at eliminating inflammation in the frontal sinus, reducing swelling of the mucous membrane, restoring the outflow of purulent sinus contents, and suppressing infection.

Drug therapy includes the following:

Restoring the normal outflow of sinus contents is the main goal of treatment. If this can be done at the very beginning of the disease, cure is possible without the use of antibiotics.

Antibiotics

Antibacterial drugs of systemic action, which are used in the treatment of frontal sinusitis, can be divided into these subgroups:

  • penicillins (Augmentin, Amoxicillin, Ampisid);
  • cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone, Axetil, Cefataxime);
  • macrolides (Macropen, Azithromycin, Spiramycin);
  • local (Bioparox, Polydex, Isofra).

Antibiotics for frontal sinusitis are the most standard drugs that every doctor prescribes. But they should be taken strictly as prescribed by a specialist. Antibiotics can be used for both internal and local treatment.

Homeopathic remedies

Homeopathic remedies are also used in the treatment of frontal sinusitis.

  1. Sinupret: used to relieve inflammation, dilutes the contents of the sinuses.
  2. Sinuforte: relieves inflammation, promotes ventilation and opens the sinuses.
  3. Cinnabsin: relieves swelling, facilitates breathing and helps strengthen the immune system.

In addition, your doctor may prescribe medications to relieve headaches.

Vasoconstrictors

Vasoconstrictor drugs will eliminate swelling of the mucous membrane and nasal turbinates, restoring communication between the nasal cavity and the frontal sinuses. The drugs relieve nasal congestion and difficulty breathing through the nose. Examples of drugs:

Antipyretics

Antipyretic medicine for sinusitis should be taken if the temperature rises above 38.5 degrees. Most drugs also have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

At temperatures below 38.5 degrees, they are taken in case of severe health problems (headaches, weakness, chills). For this purpose, analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used - Ibuklin, Nurofen, Nise.

Mucolytics

To liquefy the secretion accumulated in the sinus and facilitate its discharge, mucolytics are prescribed - Acetylcysteine, Fluimucil, Gelomirtol, Sinupret, Cinnabsin.

Anti-inflammatory drugs

If you need to cure frontal sinusitis, medications with anti-inflammatory properties will complement the therapy regimen. For example, fenspiride (Erespal) reduces the formation of biologically active substances responsible for inflammation. In addition, it improves the discharge of mucus from the frontal sinuses.

There are forms of anti-inflammatory medications for topical use. These are medications based on glucocorticoids - Nasonex, Flixonase. Proposol based on bee products and an aqueous solution of Protargol based on silver help well.

Nasal rinsing

At home, nasal rinsing is required for any form of frontal sinusitis. In order for the rinsing to be as effective as possible, before the procedure you need to clear your nose and drip vasoconstrictor drops.

  1. A decoction can be prepared from chamomile flowers. It is an effective antimicrobial and antiseptic agent. Strain, cool and use for rinsing every 2-3 hours.
  2. Treatment of frontal sinusitis at home is also carried out by rinsing the nose with the addition of tea tree oil, salt and soda. You need to prepare the following aqueous solution: 1 teaspoon of salt plus 3 drops of tea tree oil plus a pinch of soda is diluted in 1 glass of warm boiled water.
  3. Rinse your nose with a saline solution (1 teaspoon of sea or table salt per glass of water) using a rubber balloon, a syringe, or simply by sniffing it through your nostrils. A salt solution of this concentration is hypertonic and promotes the release of pathological secretions from the sinuses.
  4. Mix freshly squeezed celandine juice with chamomile decoction 1:1. Instill or insert into the nose turundas moistened with this mixture.

Also at home, inhalations over the vapor of boiled potato tubers in their skins, a mixture based on garlic and apple cider vinegar, and a decoction of bay leaves are widely used.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapeutic methods of treatment for frontal sinusitis are resorted to in the absence of high fever and symptoms of intoxication of the body. Patients are prescribed:

  • UHF sessions - up to 12 procedures;
  • quartzing of the nasal cavity with a quartz lamp - up to 10 procedures;
  • warming compresses, sollux on the forehead - up to 10 sessions;
  • rinsing the nose with a “cuckoo”;
  • endonasal probing;
  • Cleaning the nasal cavity using the Dolphin method.

Operation

Surgical intervention can be of the following types:

  1. Opening the frontal sinus using endoscopic equipment. The most modern method of surgical treatment of frontal sinusitis.
  2. Puncture of the frontal sinuses to suction out purulent contents and rinse the sinuses. It leaves no scars, is practically painless, and is done using a special needle.
  3. Traditional surgery involves opening the skin above the bridge of the nose, trepanation, suctioning out purulent contents, and rinsing. Stitches are applied. Traditional surgery is leaving the medical practice of treating frontal sinusitis.

Folk remedies

Patients should know that treatment of frontal sinusitis with folk remedies is ineffective, and in the acute period it is unacceptable, because may be fraught with rhinogenic intracranial and orbital complications. Timely and correct treatment of frontal sinusitis, prescribed by an experienced otorhinolaryngologist, completely relieves the patient of this disease, and as our experience shows, relapses of the disease are extremely rare.

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2 comments

Morenazal spray also works well against a runny nose, which cleanses the nasal mucosa and moisturizes it, and at an affordable price.

When I caught a cold, the snot began to flow like a river, but the domestic spray Morenasal with chamomile saved me. The cold went away faster and the runny nose disappeared.

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Everything about acute frontal sinusitis - signs, treatment, complications and consequences

Acute frontal sinusitis is an inflammation of the frontal sinuses that occurs under the influence of viruses, fungi or bacteria.

There are catarrhal, serous (exudative) and purulent forms of frontal sinusitis. It develops, as a rule, after an acute respiratory viral infection, as well as after some infectious diseases (scarlet fever, measles).

Sometimes the cause is traumatic injury to the facial part of the skull or polyposis. If treatment is ineffective or completely absent, the disease becomes chronic after 8–10 weeks.

Symptoms of acute sinusitis

Acute purulent frontal sinusitis manifests itself in the form of certain symptoms. Its characteristic symptoms are pain in the head of a pulsating nature, which is localized in the area of ​​the diseased sinus or the entire forehead, intensifying when the head is tilted forward.

It appears more strongly when tapping or pressing on the eyebrow. It can radiate into the upper jaw, nasal cavity or orbit. Gradually the pain intensifies, especially at night, and a feeling of fullness occurs.

  • Nasal congestion appears on the side of inflammation, depending on the form of sinusitis, purulent or mucous discharge is observed;
  • The sense of smell decreases, sometimes a person does not smell at all, taste sensations are dulled;
  • Photophobia, lacrimation, and redness of the eyes are observed. On the affected side there may be a change in skin color and swelling;
  • General signs include a rise in temperature, up to 38 degrees, weakness and chills. In the morning there may be purulent sputum discharge.

Causes of frontal sinusitis

As mentioned above, the main reason for the development of frontal sinusitis is the presence of viruses or bacteria in the nasal cavity. But the mere presence of pathogenic microflora in the frontal sinuses is not a direct consequence of the development of the disease. In order for frontal sinusitis to progress, accompanying factors must be present:

  • Severe swelling of the nose and blockage of the sinus anastomosis;
  • Anomalies in the structure of the nasal passages;
  • Weakened immunity and the body’s inability to fight external irritants;
  • Bronchial asthma or allergic rhinitis;
  • Polyposis of the nasal passages;
  • Formation of a cyst in the frontal sinus;
  • Lack of timely treatment for colds.

Is frontal sinusitis contagious?

The disease itself is not contagious. You can’t get on a tram and get infected with frontal sinusitis. But having a certain predisposition and several of the above factors, frontal sinusitis can easily develop from the most harmless runny nose.

Complications with frontal sinusitis

Acute frontal sinusitis can cause serious complications:

Orbital

Characterized by damage to the area around the eyes:

Periostitis, or inflammation of the periosteum.

It can be purulent or non-purulent. Non-purulent periostitis develops in the catal form of the disease and resolves with successful treatment. The purulent version is more severe, with pronounced general symptoms of fever, and an infiltrate forms on the orbital wall.

It occurs due to the involvement of adjacent bone tissue in the purulent-necrotic process.

With this complication, pronounced inflammatory changes in the eye tissue occur. It is severe, with a very high temperature, sometimes accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The eyeball extends beyond the orbit.

Intracranial

Occurs between the frontal bone and the periosteum. Lack of adequate treatment leads to the spread of infection to the membranes of the brain or the development of an intracerebral abscess, with corresponding symptoms.

It is characterized by headache, impaired sense of smell, and signs of damage to the craniofacial nerves.

The soft membrane of the brain becomes inflamed.

Are common

There is a rather serious complication - sepsis, which is characterized by the introduction of infection into the blood with damage to all internal organs. Also, acute sinusitis can spread to other sinuses with the development of pansinusitis or polysinusitis.

Treatment of acute sinusitis

From the first days of the disease, it is advisable to adhere to bed rest. Acute frontal sinusitis in an uncomplicated form is treated on an outpatient basis.

  • To combat pathogenic microflora, antibiotics are prescribed in capsules or tablets. Protected penicillins, macrolides, and cephalosporins are used. In more severe cases, the patient is placed in a hospital and treated by administering drugs intramuscularly or intravenously. The choice of drugs is made after inoculating the microflora for sensitivity, or empirically;
  • Vasoconstrictors are used to facilitate nasal breathing and improve outflow from the sinus;
  • After instillation, treatment is applied by irrigating the nasal cavity with local antibiotics (Bioparox, Polydex);
  • For allergic edema, instead of vasoconstrictors, antihistamines are used - tavegil, diphenhydramine, suprastin;
  • An elevated temperature during frontal sinusitis is usually not brought down, since this is a natural protective reaction of the body. Higher temperatures help kill bacteria. But sometimes, in order to prevent threatening values, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as paracetamol, aspirin or analgin are used;
  • For a disease such as acute frontal sinusitis, rinsing the nose with a “cuckoo” or Yamik catheter helps a lot.

Treatment at home

Treatment can also be carried out at home. It is advisable to do this after a thorough diagnosis and under the supervision of a doctor.

Washing

At home, the patient can rinse the nose using a special teapot, syringe or syringe. You can use one of the following recipes as a solution:

You need to take one teaspoon of salt, a little on the tip of a knife, soda, add 3 drops of tea tree, fir or mint essential oil. Mix everything in a liter of warm boiled water.

Washing with chamomile decoction helps a lot. To do this, 1.5 tablespoons of flowers are poured with 0.5 liters of boiling water, after half an hour the solution is filtered and used for its intended purpose.

The use of an alcohol solution of chlorophyllipt is also recommended. For the procedure, take a tablespoon of the product and dissolve it in 0.5 liters of salted water.

Inhalations and nasal drops

You can prepare the drops yourself. To do this, you need to squeeze the juice from the leaves of aloe or Kalanchoe. You can drop it in its pure form, and if you feel a strong burning sensation, then dilute it half with water. Apply 3 drops in each nostril 2-3 times a day.

Inhalation will significantly speed up recovery. At home, you can use a household steam inhaler. By adding the necessary components in the form of essential oils, herbs, salt, soda or mineral water, you can achieve significant relief in nasal breathing.

For dry inhalation, without the use of steam, you can prepare a mixture of garlic and onions. Finely chop 3 cloves of garlic and one small onion and inhale their aroma. Possessing natural antibacterial properties, small particles entering the nasal mucosa have an anti-inflammatory effect.

Warming up

Warming up during a frontal flu should be treated with great caution. Since this ambiguous method can either help well or aggravate the course of the disease. The principle is quite simple:

  • If purulent discharge is present, body temperature is elevated, or frontal sinusitis is caused by an allergy, in these cases warming is completely contraindicated;
  • If there are the first signs of the development of a viral disease or the acute stage of frontal sinusitis is long behind us, then you can gradually try to carry out thermal procedures. Apply warm salt compresses and go to the bathhouse.

Trepanopuncture

In the absence of the effect of conservative methods, when the symptoms increase and the temperature does not decrease, the outflow of the contents of the frontal sinus is disrupted, and also in the case of a high probability of complications, radical treatment methods are used, one of which is trephine puncture of the frontal sinus.

The purpose of this intervention is the evacuation of purulent secretions and the introduction of antibacterial drugs directly into the frontal sinus. Trepanopuncture is performed under local anesthesia. To determine the location of the hole, an X-ray examination is first performed.

A puncture for frontal sinusitis is made by passing through the frontal bone, in the area where the anterior wall of the frontal sinus is located, immediately under the eyebrow.

To perform trepanopuncture, a special device is used, with which a puncture is made, then a needle is placed in it and tightly fixed, and the purulent secretion is removed through it. After this, rinsing with an antiseptic solution is carried out and medications are administered.

Sometimes a tube is placed in the hole to continue local treatment; it is removed after about five days, after the patient's condition improves.

At the first signs of acute sinusitis, it is recommended to immediately consult a doctor and begin treatment. Otherwise, consequences may arise in the form of serious complications or the disease transition to the chronic stage, in which it is much more difficult to achieve a positive result.

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Source: http://gaimoritus.ru/frontit/ostryj-frontit-lechenie-simptomi-prichini.html

Symptoms and treatment of acute sinusitis

Over the past few decades, sinusitis of various kinds has been one of the most common diseases, affecting every tenth person in the world. Acute frontal sinusitis is a type of sinusitis in which the inflammatory process is localized to the frontal paranasal sinus. The disease causes a lot of discomfort and has a number of serious complications. What therapeutic and preventive measures are used to eliminate pathology?

Acute frontal sinusitis - what is it?

Acute frontal sinusitis (frontal sinusitis) is an inflammatory process in the tissues of the mucous membrane of the frontal sinus. The pathology is not diagnosed as often as sinusitis, but it has more serious complications. Occurs against the background of viral, bacterial or fungal infections of the respiratory system, hypothermia.

The main causes of frontal sinusitis:

  • abnormal position of the septum, congenital or acquired due to injury;
  • an increase in the size of the nasal concha due to chronic allergic and medicinal rhinitis;
  • neoplasms and polyps.

Sometimes the inflammatory process of the nasal sinus develops as a consequence of caries or an abscess.

Important! Frontal sinusitis is rare in children; the frontal sinus is fully formed at 3–4 years.

Types of frontal sinusitis

There are several types of classification of frontal sinusitis. The acute form develops against the background of injuries, allergies and infections. Chronic frontal sinusitis is a consequence of influenza, prolonged rhinitis, and polyps.

Depending on the location of the source of inflammation, there is acute left-sided frontal sinusitis and acute right-sided frontal sinusitis. With bilateral inflammation, all symptoms are more severe and surgical intervention is often required.

  1. Acute catarrhal sinusitis - it is characterized by constant throbbing pain in the central frontal part, high temperature, noticeable swelling of the tissues around the eyes. Develops against the background of long-term infectious and inflammatory processes in the nose.
  2. Acute purulent frontal sinusitis is a bacterial form of the disease that can occur due to a violation of the outflow of mucus. The discharge is purulent in nature, the disease is accompanied by high fever, weakness, severe pain in the temporal, frontal region, and superciliary arches.
  3. Cystic and polypous frontal sinusitis refers to the productive forms of the disease. Breathing through the nose is difficult, the person is bothered by constant throbbing pain in the frontal part and strong mucus discharge. This form of pathology requires surgical intervention and removal of tumors.
  4. Parietal hyperplastic frontal sinusitis begins to grow against the background of the inflammatory process.

ICD-10 code –J32–J32.1 – chronic sinusitis and chronic frontal sinusitis. For the acute form, code J01–J01.1 is used.

Symptoms of the disease

Frontitis has a number of characteristic signs, which greatly facilitates diagnosis. Signs of an acute form of pathology:

  • pain in the frontal part, which becomes more intense when the body is tilted forward, pressing on the superciliary arches;
  • difficulty breathing through the nose, often completely absent;
  • deterioration of sense of smell;
  • copious purulent or mucous discharge;
  • increased lacrimation;
  • swelling, redness of the skin in the upper part of the face.

Important! Pain in acute frontal sinusitis is cyclical in nature - it intensifies immediately after waking up, when the outflow of mucus is severely impaired. After removing the stagnation, the pain syndrome becomes weaker.

Acute inflammation becomes chronic 1–2 months after the onset of inflammation. The main reason is incorrect or untimely drug therapy. Chronic frontal sinusitis manifests itself in a weaker form - the pain is aching and pressing in nature, in the morning hours a lot of sputum with pus appears.

The weakening of symptoms in the chronic form does not indicate the beginning of the recovery process. It is this form of pathology that entails the development of complications and concomitant diseases.

Without proper treatment, the infection moves to nearby tissues, the frontal bone, and the retina of the eyes. The most severe complications of inflammation in adults are abscess, sepsis, and meningitis.

How to treat acute frontal sinusitis

The main method of treatment in adults is the use of antibacterial agents in the form of tablets and sprays. The main indicator for starting antibacterial therapy is purulent discharge. The duration of antibacterial therapy is 7–10 days.

Effective antibacterial agents:

  • at the initial stage of inflammation, sprays and drops with antibacterial properties - Isofra, Bioparox - help;
  • in acute cases, antibacterial drugs with a broad spectrum of action are prescribed - Sumamed;
  • in the chronic form, an analysis is required to determine the sensitivity of pathogenic microflora to antibiotics; narrowly targeted drugs are used - Amoxiclav, Ampicillin.

In addition to antibiotics, complex therapy includes antihistamines to reduce swelling - Diazolin, Suprastin. For thick purulent mucus, ACC-long is prescribed, and painkillers and antipyretics are additionally used.

Additionally, the treatment regimen includes methods of physiotherapy - microwave, UHF, heating with a blue lamp, light therapy. All these remedies are effective only in mild forms of pathology, when there are no pus impurities in the mucus. Otherwise, any warming methods are prohibited.

Cuckoo is the most popular and effective procedure for treating various inflammatory processes of the respiratory system. For washing, a solution of furatsilin and other medications is used. This procedure helps to cleanse the sinuses well.

Treatment in a hospital is necessary for severe forms of the pathology; in this case, medications are administered by injection. Surgical intervention and punching of pus is indicated in the absence of positive dynamics after drug therapy - the pain intensifies, the temperature is constantly elevated.

Treatment with folk remedies

When treating at home, you need to remember that any type of heating is contraindicated for purulent pathology. Any methods of alternative therapy should be discussed with your doctor.

To quickly eliminate inflammation, you need to frequently rinse your nasal passages with a solution of regular or sea salt - dissolve 5 g of salt in 200 ml of water, add 1 g of soda and 3 drops of tea tree oil.

For inhalation, you can use hot potato decoction. Or prepare a solution for inhalation from 1.5 liters of boiling water and 10 bay leaves - in pairs you need at least a quarter of an hour.

Black radish juice has strong antibacterial properties. It is necessary to grate a fresh vegetable, squeeze out the juice, and instill 1-2 drops into each nasal passage three times a day.

To improve the outflow of mucus in the morning, before going to bed, you need to insert a turunda with medicinal ointment into your nose for half an hour. Mix 30 g of liquid honey, fresh aloe juice, onion and cyclamen, Vishnevsky ointment. The procedure must be repeated daily for 10–14 days.

Prevention

The inflammatory process of the nasal sinuses requires long-term, often expensive treatment - so simple precautions should not be followed.

  • avoid hypothermia;
  • hardening, regular moderate physical activity;
  • strengthening the immune system;
  • timely treatment of rhinitis and respiratory diseases.

To prevent inflammation, it is necessary to take vitamin complexes in spring and autumn, wear gauze bandages during epidemics, eat a balanced diet, and get rid of bad habits.

Acute frontal sinusitis is dangerous due to complications, so at the first signs of inflammation you should consult a doctor. Traditional methods can only be a good support for drug therapy; it is impossible to cure inflammation of the frontal sinus with herbs alone.

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Frontitis - causes, symptoms and treatment of frontal sinusitis in adults

Frontitis is an inflammatory process that affects the mucous membrane of the frontal sinus. Although it occurs less frequently than sinusitis and ethmoiditis, it is more severe, with severe headache and intoxication. With sinusitis, general well-being is disrupted, purulent discharge is formed, and without treatment there is a high risk of serious complications.

If you do not consult a doctor in a timely manner and undergo an examination, there is a high probability of transformation of the acute form into a chronic one. Chronic inflammation of the frontal sinuses is fraught with many dangerous complications and can even be fatal.

Next, we will consider: what kind of disease this is, what are the causes and symptoms of frontal sinusitis in adults, as well as what treatment is the most effective today.

Frontit: what is it?

Frontal sinusitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the frontal sinuses, which are the paranasal sinuses. The formation of inflammation occurs in the mucous membrane, which is located in the frontal sinus. This disease has another name – frontal sinusitis. Of all the types, it has the most severe form of flow.

The development of frontal sinusitis begins as an acute process due to a viral or microbial infection, or as inflammation as a result of injury to the frontonasal canal and frontal bone.

Types of disease

  • Polypous, cystic
  • Parietal-hyperplastic
  • Allergic
  • Traumatic
  • Viral frontal sinusitis (influenza, ARVI, measles, rubella, adenoviruses, etc.),
  • Bacterial (scarlet fever, staphylococcus, streptococcus, hemophilus influenzae, other microbial flora),
  • Fungal
  • Mixed
  • Medication.

Causes

With frontal sinusitis, inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the sinus occurs. The reasons can be varied, often depending on the form and severity of the disease.

There are the most common causes of the formation of this pathology:

  • Prolonged rhinitis of an infectious or allergic nature.
  • Congenital or acquired curvature of the nasal septum.
  • A source of infection formed due to infection with staphylococci, streptococci and other bacteria.
  • An allergic reaction – bronchial asthma and vasomotor rhinitis contribute to the formation of edema of the mucous membrane. The result of this process is the closure of the hole, which facilitates the entry of fluid from the frontal sinus.
  • Nasal polyps.
  • Foreign bodies.

The most common causative agents of viral frontal sinusitis are:

  • adenoviruses
  • coronaviruses
  • rhinoviruses
  • respiratory syncytial viruses

Symptoms of frontal sinusitis in adults

Frontal sinusitis is a serious disease that is more severe than other forms of sinusitis. According to the nature of the course, there are two forms: acute and chronic. Each of them has its own characteristics and characteristics.

Photo of frontal sinusitis on an x-ray

The first signs of a general condition arise as a result of disturbances in blood flow in the human body or intoxication of the body. Common signs include:

  • pain in the forehead, sometimes in the eyes, temples, most often manifested in the morning;
  • difficulty breathing through the nose;
  • nasal discharge, often with an unpleasant odor, clear in the initial stages, then purulent;
  • morning expectoration of sputum.

Acute frontal sinusitis

Pathogenic microorganisms multiply in the nasal cavity and frontal sinuses. In acute cases, the inflammatory process is localized in the mucous membrane, goes away on its own or in the process of adequate treatment of the mucous membrane.

The symptoms of chronic frontal sinusitis are somewhat less pronounced than acute ones:

  • aching or pressing pain in the frontal sinus area, which intensifies with tapping
  • when pressing, sharp pain in the inner corner of the eye
  • profuse purulent discharge from the nose in the morning with an unpleasant odor
  • a large amount of purulent sputum in the morning

Just because the symptoms have become weaker does not mean that there has been an improvement. On the contrary, chronic frontal sinusitis can lead to serious consequences and life-threatening complications.

Chronic frontal sinusitis

In the chronic form of sinusitis, only one sinus is affected. Deformation processes caused by the pressure of pathogenic contents may be observed in the nasal cavity. When the disease becomes chronic, the clinical picture is much less pronounced. Symptoms may appear and then disappear.

The following signs of chronic frontal sinusitis are distinguished:

  • decreased sense of smell, sometimes the patient cannot recognize odors at all;
  • conjunctivitis;
  • There may be no nasal discharge;
  • in the morning, the eyelids are slightly swollen, which indicates the spread of inflammation to the walls of the eye sockets;
  • persistent cough, which cannot be stopped with any antitussives or expectorants;
  • severe weakness that prevents you from performing normal household chores;
  • With chronic frontal sinusitis, polyps and neoplasms grow in the nasal cavity, which cause breathing problems.

In medical practice, frontal sinusitis without nasal discharge is a chronic type of disease.

  • purulent discharge from the nose, the flow of which increases in the morning;
  • throbbing pain in the bridge of the nose, aggravated by pressure or turning the head;
  • fever and temperature up to ᵒC;
  • night and morning cough;
  • severe headaches;
  • distension and tension in the area of ​​the bridge of the nose;
  • photophobia, lacrimation.
  • Headache and mucopurulent discharge from one nostril
  • Body temperature 37.3-39°C
  • Pain occurs symmetrically on both sides.
  • It can radiate to different parts of the head.
  • Discharge from both nostrils.

Complications

Complications of frontal sinusitis that occur in both acute and chronic processes can be dangerous.

These include:

  • transfer of infection to the bone walls of the sinus, necrosis and formation of a fistula with the release of fluid,
  • transfer of infection to the orbital area with the formation of abscesses and phlegmon,
  • transition of inflammation to the posterior wall with the formation of a brain abscess or meningitis,
  • sepsis.

Lack of optimal treatment leads to partial or complete loss of smell. The inflammatory process can impair eye function and significantly reduce visual acuity. Granulations and polyps form within the frontal sinuses. This is fraught with the appearance of fistulas in the orbital area and disruption of the integrity of the bony septa of the sinus.

Diagnostics

Frontal sinusitis often begins without nasal discharge, so the onset of the disease can only be diagnosed by examination by an otolaryngologist. An experienced otolaryngologist (ENT) will quickly make the correct diagnosis based on the patient’s complaints. Additional studies are needed to clarify the severity of the disease and the correct selection of treatment regimens.

Diagnosis of frontal sinusitis includes the following methods:

  • Taking anamnesis;
  • X-ray of sinuses;
  • Rhinoscopy;
  • Ultrasound of the paranasal sinuses;
  • Nasal endoscopy;
  • Computed tomography (CT);
  • Diaphanoscopy (transillumination);
  • Thermal imaging (thermography);
  • Bacteriological study of secretions from the nasal cavity;
  • Cytological examination of the contents of the nasal cavity.

Treatment of frontal sinusitis

Treatment must be entrusted to a qualified medical professional. However, at the initial stage, you can cure frontal sinusitis on your own. In most cases, at the initial stage there is no need to take special medications. It is enough to rinse the nasal cavity several times a day. Rinsing will clear the cavity of mucous formations. However, it is not always possible to determine frontal sinusitis at the initial stage. Few people pay attention to headaches.

How to treat acute frontal sinusitis?

To treat the acute form of frontal sinusitis, when corresponding symptoms occur, drugs are prescribed to narrow blood vessels. Basically, these are nasal sprays. They provide high-quality elimination of nasal swelling, and also restore the full outflow of the contents of the nasal sinuses. For such purposes, medications based on phenylephrine, oxymetazoline, and xylometazoline are used.

Basic principles of treatment of acute frontal sinusitis:

  • Creating conditions for normal sinus drainage.
  • Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory treatment.
  • Increasing the body's defenses.
  • Prevention of recurrent exacerbations.

How to treat chronic frontal sinusitis?

For chronic frontal sinuses, the following is carried out:

  • rinsing the nose with saline solutions;
  • nasal sprays with steroid hormones (substances with anti-inflammatory effects). The drugs have proven their effectiveness and safety in numerous studies around the world: they are practically not absorbed into the blood and do not affect hormonal levels;
  • long courses of macrolide antibiotics in low doses (drugs of the antibiotic group, the least toxic to the human body, have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties)
  • Complete treatment of other inflammatory/infectious diseases;
  • Find out the reasons for the development of allergies and get rid of the irritant - only in the case of the development of chronic frontal sinusitis against the background of an allergic rhinitis.

Medications

Before using any drug, be sure to consult an ENT doctor.

Antibiotics for sinusitis

If there are indications for taking antibiotics, then the drug of first choice is Amoxicillin in combination with Clavulanic acid. Preparations that contain this combination: “Augumentin”, “Amoxiclav”. If the patient is allergic to antibiotics of the penicillin group, then it is better to use -

  • antibiotics of the fluoroquinolone group (for example, Ciprofloxacin),
  • macrolides (Clarithromycin, Azithromycin).

Antibiotics for frontal sinusitis are prescribed approximately at the top. However, after 5 days from the start of treatment, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy. If significant improvement is not achieved, then it is best to prescribe a more potent antibiotic.

Anti-edema medications

Homeopathic remedies are also used in the treatment of frontal sinusitis.

  • Sinupret: used to relieve inflammation, dilutes the contents of the sinuses.
  • Sinuforte: relieves inflammation, promotes ventilation and opens the sinuses.
  • Cinnabsin: relieves swelling, facilitates breathing and helps strengthen the immune system.

To reduce swelling of the mucous membrane, antihistamines are also prescribed - Suprastin, Tavegil, Cetirizine.

Antipyretics are used at elevated temperatures, many drugs have an analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. Medicines with paracetamol (Efferalgan and Panadol), ibuprofen (Nurofen) reduce the temperature.

Drops

To relieve swelling and improve drainage of the affected sinus, lubricate the mucous membrane under the middle turbinate with vasoconstrictors - adrenaline, ephedrine, naphazoline, xylometazoline. For the same purpose, instillation of drops with a similar effect is prescribed 3 to 4 times a day. These are the well-known drugs Naphthyzin, Sanorin, Galazolin, Nazivin, Nazol and others.

Physiotherapy

UHF therapy

Treatment with an electromagnetic field with a wavelength of 1–10 nm. The plates are applied to the area of ​​the frontal sinuses. The UHF field produces heat, reduces swelling, and activates regeneration processes.

Cuckoo method

It involves inserting a thin tube into one nasal passage through which special thinning and antibacterial drugs are delivered. Another tube is inserted into the second passage to pump out purulent mucus. Sinus rinsing is carried out using solutions such as Chlorophyllipt and Furacillin.

Rinsing for inflammation of the frontal sinuses, carried out at home, is less effective compared to similar procedures in a medical facility. But, nevertheless, you should not refuse them.

Washing of the nasal passages is carried out:

  • Saline solution. To prepare it, you need to dilute a small spoon of salt in a glass of warm water. For acute frontal sinusitis, it is recommended to add 3-5 drops of tea tree ether to this solution.
  • Decoctions of herbs - calendula, sage, chamomile flowers.

Puncture

Often, a puncture for frontal sinusitis is used if treatment with medications does not help. Also, when the disease is accompanied by headaches, there is a pathological cavity in the tissues and suppuration. Initially, an x-ray must be taken to determine the puncture site. The procedure can be performed through the nose or forehead under local anesthesia.

In an uncomplicated course, the prognosis is favorable, complete recovery is possible; in advanced cases, a transition to a chronic course with periods of exacerbation is possible.

Folk remedies for frontal sinusitis

It is not always possible to completely cure frontal sinusitis using traditional methods; however, it is possible to significantly speed up the healing process at home by additionally using medications.

  1. Dissolve in 500 ml. warm boiled water, a tablespoon of alcohol solution of chlorophyllipt. It has an antibacterial effect and fights even those microorganisms that have developed resistance to antibiotics. The solution is used for washing 3-4 times a day.
  2. Take equal amounts of aloe juice, onion juice, honey, cyclamen root juice, Vishnevsky ointment. Mix everything well and keep in the refrigerator in a sealed jar. Before use, steam until the temperature reaches thirty-seven degrees. Apply the ointment to cotton wool and inject it into both nasal passages for half an hour. Course 3 weeks.
  3. Frontal sinusitis can be treated with the plant cyclomen. The juice of this plant is diluted with boiled water in a ratio of 4:1, the solution is dripped three times a day, two drops each.
  4. A decoction of rose hips (2 tablespoons per glass of water, boil for 10 minutes, steep for 20 minutes), add viburnum juice or raspberry syrup/jam to regular tea. You can make the following mixture with a general strengthening effect - take 3 walnuts, hazelnuts and cashews per glass of honey, leave for 24 hours and consume half a teaspoon three times a day.
  5. Bay leaf . Throw a few leaves into boiling water, simmer for 10 minutes, and then breathe over the steam. Perform the procedure in the morning, and in the evening you can leave the same decoction, warm it up and breathe again.

Prevention

High-quality prevention of frontal sinusitis in people involves treatment of the primary disease. The general strengthening of the immune system is of great importance, which involves carrying out hardening and water procedures, eating vitamins, as well as fresh fruits and vegetables.

The main goal of preventing frontal sinusitis is to increase the body's protective properties, treat viral diseases, and regularly visit an otolaryngologist.

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Acute frontal sinusitis symptoms, treatment, prevention

Inflammation of the frontal sinus, or in other words, acute frontal sinusitis, is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the frontal sinuses. In terms of the frequency of visits to an ENT doctor, acute frontal sinusitis is inferior to sinusitis, but at the same time, it can be many times greater in terms of the danger of the disease and the occurrence of a number of serious complications for human health.

Let's look at the causes and symptoms of its development

The thing is that the frontal sinuses are connected to the nasal passage not by an opening, but by a narrow frontonasal canal, the length of which is 1.5-2.5 cm. Due to this narrowness of the canal, the outflow from the sinus is disrupted, and inflammation develops, which spreads from the frontal sinus into the cranial cavity and orbit, thereby causing severe intracranial and orbital complications.

Symptoms of acute sinusitis

- Weakness, malaise, increased body temperature;

— Severe headache in the area of ​​the frontal sinuses, aggravated by bending over and pressing on the brow ridge;

— Nasal congestion, purulent discharge from the nasal cavity (from the inflamed sinus);

- Lacrimation and photophobia;

- The presence of swelling and hyperemia of the skin (that is, pronounced redness due to increased blood flow) spreading to the upper eyelid and the inner orbital angle of the eye;

— Significant decrease in sense of smell or its complete absence;

— Inflammatory reaction of the blood (increased ESR, leukocytosis).

Causes of the disease

The causes of this disease may be, first of all, the presence of an acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) and significant hypothermia of the body. A logical question immediately arises: “Why does it develop in some people and not in others?” In this situation, the answer directly depends not only on the virulence of the infection that caused ARVI, the state of the patient’s immunity, but also on some other presumptive factors, namely:

— curvature of the patient’s nasal septum;

- hypertrophic changes in the nasal turbinates due to the presence of chronic vasomotor rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, drug-induced rhinitis that occurs while taking naphthyzine and other drugs;

- proliferation of adenoids and polyps, blocking the anastomosis with the sinus and disrupting the outflow of mucus from the sinus;

- congenital anatomical disorders of bone structure.

Diagnosis of acute sinusitis

Diagnosis and treatment of acute frontal sinusitis at the Federal State Budgetary Institution NKTsO FMBA of Russia is successfully carried out by specialists from the department of diseases of the nose and pharynx. Correct diagnosis of this disease, determination of its type and form (left-sided or right-sided, purulent or catarrhal), is extremely important for the full treatment of the patient.

After interviewing the patient, the nasal cavity is examined using modern endoscopic equipment, which allows for a detailed diagnosis of the sinuses from the inside and to see the full picture of the course of the disease. If it is necessary to examine the paranasal sinuses, the specialist will refer the patient for a thermographic examination or ultrasound. A CT scan of the paranasal sinuses helps the specialist to correctly assess the entire volume and depth of the sinuses and pinpoint the presence of a pathological process in them. Some patients are recommended to have a biopsy of the affected areas.

When diagnosing acute frontal sinusitis, an experienced otorhinolaryngologist must first of all exclude neuralgia in the patient. In acute frontal sinusitis, even slight palpation or pressure on the affected area (forehead, bridge of the nose, inner area of ​​the orbit) causes pain. For neuralgia, similar actions along the facial nerve, on the contrary, reduce pain.

The doctor must determine the underlying cause of your illness. If the cause is a deviated nasal septum, then septoplasty is recommended to surgically correct the deviated septum.

Treatment of acute sinusitis

In our Center, the main method of treating uncomplicated acute frontal sinusitis is complex drug therapy (antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, decongestant, local and systemic). Drug use regimens are selected individually and depend on many factors (constitutional characteristics of the patient, severity and duration of inflammation).

Surgical treatment for acute frontal sinusitis is used only in cases where conservative methods do not provide positive treatment dynamics, when the symptoms of the disease increase with a significant increase in pain and fever. In the department of diseases of the nose and pharynx of the Federal State Budgetary Institution NKTsO FMBA of Russia, only modern low-traumatic surgical methods are used for surgical treatment.

The Center widely and successfully uses special video endoscopic equipment, with the help of which a specialist accurately performs manipulations to expand the anastomosis of the frontonasal canal for the outflow of purulent contents from the sinus without disturbing or damaging adjacent tissues. After a minimally traumatic operation, our patients recover quickly and have good treatment results.

Complications of acute sinusitis

It must be remembered that acute frontal sinusitis is a dangerous and insidious disease. This is due to the fact that the infection that affects the frontal sinuses can actively move, causing a number of serious complications:

- osteomyelitis - purulent inflammation of the frontal bones;

- periostitis - inflammation of the tissue around the bone;

- phlegmon of the orbital region - inflammation of the eye tissue;

- intracranial complications, such as subdural abscess, meningitis, sepsis.

All of these diseases are a threat to the patient’s life.

Prevention of acute sinusitis

In order not to subject your health to serious and long-term treatment, you must follow simple preventive measures, namely:

- try to dress according to the weather to avoid hypothermia of your body;

- monitor the functioning of your immune system, keep it in good shape;

— engage in physical training, condition your body;

- consult a doctor in a timely manner, treat runny nose and ARVI correctly;

- do not self-medicate, including taking antibiotics without a doctor’s prescription

Acute frontal sinusitis is very dangerous due to its complications. Don't neglect the symptoms. Learn to listen to your body. Establishing an accurate diagnosis will not require much of your time, but will help avoid long-term treatment and preserve your health for many years.

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