Sodium chloride

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Sodium chloride - characteristics, properties, instructions for use, side effects, interactions with other drugs

Compound

1. Isotonic (physiological) 0.9% solution containing sodium chloride – 9 g, distilled water – up to 1 liter.

Table of contents:

2. Hypertonic 10% solution containing sodium chloride - 100 g, distilled water - up to 1 liter.

Release form

  • To dissolve medicinal substances for intramuscular and subcutaneous injections, a 0.9% sodium chloride solution is produced in ampoules of 5, 10, 20 ml.
  • For dissolving medications, intravenous drips, enemas and external use: 0.9% sodium chloride solution in bottles of 100, 200, 400 and 1000 ml.
  • For intravenous injection and external use: 10% sodium chloride solution in bottles of 200 and 400 ml.
  • For oral (inside) administration: tablets 0.9 g. To use, the tablet must be dissolved in 100 ml of boiled warm water.
  • For treating the nasal cavity: nasal spray – 10 ml.

pharmachologic effect

Indications for use

  • Restoring water balance in case of body dehydration caused by various reasons.
  • Maintaining plasma volume during surgery and after.
  • Detoxification of the body (food poisoning, dysentery, cholera, etc.).
  • Maintaining plasma volume in case of extensive burns, diarrhea, blood loss, diabetic coma.
  • Eye rinsing for inflammatory and allergic irritations of the cornea.
  • Rinsing the nasal mucosa for allergic rhinitis, nasopharyngitis, prevention of sinusitis, acute respiratory infections, after removal of polyps and adenoids.
  • Inhalation of the respiratory tract (using special devices - inhalers).

It is used to treat wounds, moisturize bandages and fabric dressings. The neutral environment of saline is well suited for dissolving drugs and co-infusion with other drugs.

1. Deficiency of the elements sodium and chlorine.

2. Dehydration due to various reasons: pulmonary, gastric and intestinal bleeding, burns, vomiting, diarrhea.

Sodium chloride - instructions for use

With long-term use of large doses of sodium chloride, it is necessary to analyze the content of electrolytes in plasma and urine.

Sodium chloride 10 - instructions for use

Sodium chloride 9 - instructions for use

Contraindications

  • increased content of sodium ions in the body;
  • increased content of chlorine ions in the body;
  • lack of potassium;
  • circulatory fluid disorders, with the possibility of cerebral and pulmonary edema;
  • cerebral edema, pulmonary edema;
  • acute heart failure;
  • intracellular dehydration;
  • extracellular excess fluid;
  • treatment with significant doses of corticosteroids.

Used with great caution in patients with changes in renal excretory function, as well as in children and the elderly.

Side effects

  • discomfort in the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, diarrhea;
  • disorders of the nervous system: lacrimation, constant thirst, anxiety, sweating, dizziness, headache, weakness;
  • arterial hypertension, rapid heartbeat and pulse;
  • dermatitis;
  • menstrual irregularities;
  • anemia;
  • excess fluid content in the body or its parts (edema), which indicates a pathological shift in water-salt metabolism;
  • acidosis – a shift in the body’s acid-base balance towards increased acidity;
  • hypokalemia – a decrease in potassium content in the body’s blood.

If side effects occur, the drug should be stopped. It is necessary to assess the patient’s well-being, provide adequate assistance and save the bottle with the remaining solution for analysis.

Sodium chloride during pregnancy

1. Preeclampsia (increased concentration of sodium in the blood plasma) with severe swelling.

2. Moderate and severe stages of toxicosis.

Interaction with other drugs

Synonymous drugs for sodium chloride

  • Sodium chloride 0.9% for intravenous infusion - sterile solution in bottles.
  • Sodium chloride 1.6% for intravenous infusion.
  • Sodium chloride 12% for intravenous infusion.
  • Sodium chloride Brown (Germany) - powder for the preparation of solution for injection, solution for infusion, solution for injection, solvent for the preparation of dosage forms for injection, nasal spray.
  • Sodium chloride bufus – powder for the preparation of solution for injection, solution for infusion, solution for injection, solvent for the preparation of dosage forms for injection, nasal spray.
  • Sodium chloride-Cinco – isotonic solution for infusion, hypertonic solution, eye drops and eye ointment.
  • Sodium chloride – 0.9% solution for infusion (Bulgaria).
  • Salorid – 0.9% solution for infusion (Bangladesh).
  • Rizosin – 0.65% nasal spray with and without menthol.
  • Salin – 0.65% nasal spray (India).
  • No-salt – 0.65% nasal spray.
  • Physiodose – 0.9% solution for topical use.

Additional Information

1. Remove container from outer packaging immediately before use. It protects and maintains the sterility of the drug.

2. Squeeze the container tightly and check for integrity. If damage is found, discard the container, as the solution in it is dangerous.

3. Check the solution visually: for transparency, absence of impurities and inclusions. If present, discard the container.

4. Hang the container on a tripod, remove the plastic fuse and unscrew the lid.

5. Add medications into the solution following aseptic rules. Move the clamp that regulates the movement of the solution to the “closed” position. Disinfect the area of ​​the injection container, make a puncture in it with a syringe and inject the drug. Mix well. Move the clamp to the “open” position.

Storage conditions and expiration dates

  • powder and tablets - without restrictions;
  • 0.9% solution in ampoules – 5 years;
  • 0.9% solution in bottles – 12 months;
  • 10% solution in bottles – 2 years.

Do not use after expiration date. Before using any drug containing sodium chloride, you should consult your doctor.

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Sodium chloride

Instructions for use:

Prices in online pharmacies:

Sodium chloride is a plasma substituting agent.

pharmachologic effect

The product has a rehydrating (restoring water balance) and detoxifying effect. Thanks to replenishing sodium deficiency, it is effective in various pathological conditions.

Sodium chloride 0.9% has the same osmotic pressure as that of human blood, therefore it is able to be rapidly excreted, only briefly increasing the volume of circulating blood.

External use of sodium chloride saline solution helps remove pus from the wound and eliminate pathological microflora.

Intravenous infusion of sodium chloride solution increases urine output and replenishes the lack of chlorine and sodium.

Release form

Sodium chloride is produced in the form of a powder, solution, solvent for some medications, and nasal spray.

Indications for use Sodium chloride

Sodium chloride 0.9% is prescribed for large losses of extracellular fluid or in conditions in which its supply is limited - cholera, dyspepsia caused by poisoning, diarrhea, vomiting, large burns. The solution is effective for hyponatremia, hypochloremia, accompanied by dehydration.

Externally, saline solution of sodium chloride is used to wash the eyes, nose, wounds, and to moisten dressings.

The solution is also used for stomach, intestinal, and pulmonary bleeding, for poisoning, constipation, and for forced diuresis.

Contraindications

You should not take sodium chloride with: high sodium levels, with hypokalemia, extracellular hyperhydration, blood circulation disorders, due to which pulmonary or cerebral edema may develop, with acute left ventricular failure, renal failure, decompensated chronic heart failure.

It is not recommended to combine the drug with high doses of glucocorticosteroids.

When prescribing sodium chloride solution in large dosages, it is necessary to monitor the level of electrolytes in urine and plasma.

Do not inject the solution under the skin - tissue necrosis may develop.

Instructions for use Sodium chloride

Before administration, the sodium chloride solution should be heated to 36-38 degrees. In case of dehydration, the dosage of the product is determined individually and averages 1 l/day. If the poisoning is severe or there is a large loss of fluid, you can administer the solution in an amount of up to 3 liters per day. In this case, a sodium chloride dropper is used, the drug is administered at a speed of 540 ml/hour.

For children with dehydration accompanied by low blood pressure, the solution is started to be administered in an amount of 20-30 ml/kg of weight.

To lavage the stomach, use a 2-5% solution; to eliminate constipation, use enemas with a 5% solution - 75-00 ml is administered rectally.

A dropper of sodium chloride 10% is used for intestinal, gastric, and pulmonary bleeding; to enhance diuresis, 10-20 ml of solution is slowly injected intravenously.

When carrying out complex treatment of respiratory tract diseases, rinses, rubdowns and baths with a 1-2% solution are prescribed.

For the treatment of colds, sodium chloride for inhalation is used as an adjuvant. For children, the drug Lazolvan is mixed with a solution - 1 ml of each product and inhaled three times a day for 5-7 minutes. Adults can inhale for 10 minutes.

Sodium chloride for inhalation can also be combined with Berodual, a bronchodilator. To carry out the procedure, mix 2-4 ml of Berodual and 1-1.5 ml of sodium chloride 0.9%.

Side effects

Long-term use of the solution and its use in excessive dosages can provoke overhydration, acidosis, and hypokalemia.

Sodium chloride solvent 0.9% 5 ml 10 pcs.

Sodium chloride solution 0.9% 200 ml

Sodium chloride injection solution 0.9% 5 ml n10 amp

Sodium chloride solution 0.9% 250 ml

Sodium chloride solvent 0.9% 10 ml 10 pcs.

Sodium chloride solution 0.9% 200 ml

Sodium chloride solution 0.9% 100 ml

Information about the drug is generalized, provided for informational purposes and does not replace official instructions. Self-medication is dangerous to health!

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Source: http://www.neboleem.net/natrija-chlorid.php

Sodium chloride

Content

Structural formula

Russian name

Latin name of the substance: Sodium chloride

Gross formula

Pharmacological group of the substance Sodium chloride

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

CAS code

Characteristics of the substance Sodium chloride

White cubic crystals or white crystalline powder, salty taste, odorless. Easily soluble in water (1:3), slightly soluble in ethanol.

Pharmacology

Sodium chloride maintains the appropriate osmotic pressure of blood plasma and extracellular fluid. When the concentration of sodium chloride in the blood plasma decreases, water passes from the vascular bed into the interstitial fluid; with a significant deficiency, spasms of smooth muscles and convulsive contractions of skeletal muscles occur, and the functions of the nervous and cardiovascular systems are disrupted.

A 0.9% sodium chloride solution is isotonic with human blood plasma and is therefore quickly removed from the vascular bed, only temporarily increasing the volume of circulating fluid. Hypertonic solutions (3–5–10%) are used intravenously and externally. When applied externally, they promote the secretion of pus, exhibit antimicrobial activity, and when administered intravenously, they increase diuresis and replenish the deficiency of sodium and chlorine ions.

When administered intranasally, sodium chloride in the form of a spray of 0.65% or 0.9% moisturizes the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, thins thick mucus, softens dry crusts in the nose and facilitates their easy removal. Restores the patency of the nasal passages, facilitates nasal breathing by moisturizing the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and thinning the mucus.

Application of the substance Sodium chloride

Solution 0.9% - large losses of extracellular fluid (including toxic dyspepsia, cholera, diarrhea, uncontrollable vomiting, extensive burns with severe exudation), hypochloremia and hyponatremia with dehydration, intestinal obstruction, as a detoxification agent; washing wounds, eyes, nasal cavity, for dissolving and diluting various medicinal substances and moistening dressings.

Hypertonic solution - pulmonary, gastric and intestinal bleeding, as an auxiliary osmotic diuretic during forced diuresis, dehydration, silver nitrate poisoning, for the treatment of purulent wounds (topically), constipation (rectally).

Hygienic care for the nasal mucosa of adults and children (including infants - 0.65% spray without menthol), cleansing the nasal cavity of viscous mucus and crusts.

Dryness of the nasal mucosa, incl. occurring when working in dusty rooms or working with paints and varnishes, or during prolonged stays in air-conditioned rooms.

Sinusitis, rhinitis of various etiologies (in complex treatment), after surgery on the nasal cavity.

Contraindications

Hypernatremia, acidosis, hyperchloremia, hypokalemia, extracellular hyperhydration; circulatory disorders that threaten cerebral and pulmonary edema; cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, acute left ventricular failure, concomitant therapy with GCs in high doses.

Children under 2 years of age for a spray of 0.9% and for a spray with menthol 0.65% or 0.9%.

Restrictions on use

Impaired renal function, heart failure, arterial hypertension, peripheral edema, toxicosis of pregnancy (for large volumes of isotonic solution).

Side effects of the substance Sodium chloride

Acidosis, overhydration, hypokalemia.

Overdose

Cases of overdose have not been described.

Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramping abdominal pain, thirst, decreased salivation and lacrimation, sweating, fever, tachycardia, increased blood pressure, renal failure, peripheral edema, pulmonary edema, respiratory arrest, headache, dizziness, anxiety, irritability , weakness, muscle cramps and rigidity, generalized seizures, coma and death.

Excessive administration of the solution may cause hypernatremia.

Excessive intake of chloride into the body can lead to hyperchloremic acidosis.

When using sodium chloride in the form of a solution for infusion as a base solution for diluting and dissolving other drugs, symptoms and complaints with excessive administration are most often associated with the properties of the drugs administered.

When using sodium chloride in the form of a spray, cases of overdose have not been described.

Routes of administration

IV, s/c, enemas, local.

Interactions with other active ingredients

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SODIUM CHLORIDE

250 ml - polymer containers (32) - transport containers.

500 ml - polymer containers (20) - transport containers.

1000 ml - polymer containers (10) - transport containers.

Has a detoxifying and rehydrating effect. Replenishes sodium deficiency in various pathological conditions of the body. A 0.9% solution of sodium chloride is isotonic to human plasma, therefore it is quickly removed from the vascular bed and only temporarily increases the volume of blood volume.

Concentration of sodium immol/l (plasma) and 145 mmol/l (interstitial fluid), chloride concentration 101 mmol/l (interstitial fluid). Excreted by the kidneys.

- plasma isotonic fluid replacement;

— dissolution and dilution of drugs.

- circulatory disorders that threaten cerebral and pulmonary edema;

- cerebral edema;

- concomitant therapy with corticosteroids in large doses.

With caution: chronic heart failure, chronic renal failure, acidosis, arterial hypertension, peripheral edema, toxicosis of pregnancy.

IV. Before administration, the drug should be warmed to 36-38°C. The average dose is 1000 ml/day as an intravenous, continuous drip infusion with an administration rate of up to 180 drops/min. In case of large fluid losses and intoxications (toxic dyspepsia, cholera), it is possible to administer up to 3000 ml/day.

Children with shock dehydration (without determining laboratory parameters) are administered ml/kg. The dosage regimen is adjusted depending on laboratory parameters (electrolytes Na +, K +, Cl -, acid-base state of the blood).

Acidosis, overhydration, hypokalemia.

Symptoms: administration of large volumes of 0.9% sodium chloride to patients with impaired renal excretory function can lead to chloride acidosis, overhydration, and increased excretion of potassium from the body.

Treatment: in case of overdose, the drug should be discontinued and symptomatic therapy performed.

Compatible with colloid hemodynamic blood substitutes (mutually enhancing effect). When adding other drugs to the solution, it is necessary to visually monitor compatibility.

Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and operate machinery.

Does not affect the ability to drive vehicles.

Can be used during pregnancy and lactation.

Store the drug at a temperature not exceeding 25°C. Freezing the drug, provided the packaging remains sealed, is not a contraindication to its use. After transportation at subzero temperatures, containers in transport containers must be kept at a temperature of 15° to 25°C until completely defrosted. If the contents of the container become cloudy, do not use. Keep out of the reach of children.

Shelf life: 2 years. Do not use after expiration date.

To ask a question about the project or contact the editors, use this form.

Source: http://health.mail.ru/drug/natriya_chlorid/

Why is sodium chloride given intravenously?

Sodium chloride, or saline solution, is a means of maintaining blood and intercellular pressure in the body. A sodium chloride dropper is used for hypohydration and intoxication of the body, with a decrease in blood volume.

Sodium chloride - solution for intravenous administration

Composition and price of sodium chloride

Sodium chloride solution, or saline, is a colorless, salty liquid that has no distinct odor. There are 2 types of saline solution with different concentrations of NaCl: 0.9% isotonic, and 10% hypertonic.

There are several forms of saline solution:

  • ampoules of 1, 5, 10, 20 ml;
  • bottles of 50, 100, 200, 250, 400, 500, 100 ml;
  • packages of 250, 500, 1000 ml.

Sodium chloride in 250 ml bags.

Storage conditions for sodium chloride: store in a dry place, out of reach of children and pets, at a temperature of +18 to +25 degrees. The shelf life of the product is 5 years.

The cost of the solution depends on the form of release, volume and manufacturer. Average prices are:

  1. In ampoules: rubles.
  2. In bottles and bags: rubles.
  3. Hypertonic saline solution: rubles.

How is sodium chloride beneficial for the body?

Chlorinated sodium is present in blood plasma and tissue fluids of the human body. It is responsible for the stability of the osmotic pressure of intercellular fluid and blood. When there is a shortage of this substance, water leaves the vascular bed and passes into the interstitial fluid.

This provokes the following conditions:

  • increased blood density;
  • spasms of smooth, skeletal muscles;
  • neurological pathologies;
  • disorders of the cardiovascular system.

Chlorinated sodium is the fastest way to restore water-salt balance in the body

Infusion of saline solution returns the water-salt balance to normal, and also cleanses the body of toxins and breakdown products formed as a result of the activity of harmful bacteria.

External use of NaCl improves the secretion of pus, restores microflora, and destroys pathogenic microorganisms of various origins.

In addition, chlorinated sodium improves the absorption of medications. Patients are often placed on a drip with intravenous medications diluted with saline.

pharmachologic effect

Sodium chloride is used as a detoxification, rehydration and plasma replacement agent. Its use is accompanied by the following effects:

  • normalization of water and salt balance;
  • replenishment of Na and Cl deficiency;
  • temporary increase in blood volume;
  • increased urine output to cleanse the body.

Due to the improvement in the bioavailability of most drugs, saline solution is used in medicine as a means for diluting injection and infusion drugs.

Saline solution as a basis for injection and infusion preparations

It is incompatible or poorly compatible with the following medications:

  • norepinephrine;
  • corticosteroids;
  • leukopoiesis stimulator Filgrastim;
  • antibiotic Polymyxin B.

The saline solution has an osmotic pressure similar to the human blood environment, and therefore is quickly eliminated from the body. Already 1 hour after using the dropper, less than half of the product remains in the body.

Why is saline solution prescribed?

Saline solution is administered intravenously in the form of infusions when indicated:

  1. Severe and critical dehydration of the body, disturbance of water-salt balance.
  2. Reduced plasma volume with large blood losses, dyspepsia, severe burns, diabetic coma.
  3. Carrying out surgical procedures, postoperative period.
  4. Intoxication of the body due to infections and poisonings of various origins.
  5. Epigastric, ileocecal, pulmonary bleeding.
  6. Digestive pathologies: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, chronic and acute constipation.
  7. Lack of Na and Cl in the body.

When introducing droppers of saline solution with additional components, the list of indications expands.

Instructions for use for dropper

Before introducing sodium chloride inside, it must be heated to a temperature of degrees. The dosage of the drug is calculated individually, based on the patient’s condition, medical history, age and weight.

The average daily dosage of the drug varies in the following values:

  1. Adults: ml.
  2. During pregnancy: ml.
  3. Children: ml for every kg of weight.

The average dropper speed is 540 ml/h. The hypertonic solution is injected in a stream.

Jet injection of saline solution

For dilution and drip administration of other drugs, from 50 to 250 ml of physiological solution per dose of the drug is used.

Side effects

Rare negative effects that occur with prolonged or heavy use of sodium chloride include:

  1. In neurology: anxiety, severe headaches, dizziness, increased sweating, weakness, constant feeling of thirst.
  2. In gastroenterology: stomach cramps, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.
  3. In gynecology: failures in the circulatory system, delays, dysmenorrhea.
  4. In cardiology: increased heart rate, arrhythmia, high blood pressure.
  5. In dermatology: dermatitis, acne.
  6. In hematology: anemia, hypokalemia.
  7. In endocrinology: increased acidity of the body, edema.

Long-term use of sodium chloride may cause stomach cramps and nausea

If such complications occur, the administration of saline solution is stopped, and the patient is given assistance to eliminate the side effects.

Contraindications for intravenous administration

Infusion of saline solution is prohibited for the following pathologies:

  • swelling of the lungs and brain;
  • pathologies of the kidneys and heart muscle;
  • abundance of Na and Cl, lack of K in the body;
  • extracellular hyperhydration;
  • dehydration inside the cell;
  • taking large doses of corticosteroid drugs.

Sodium chloride should only be used as directed by a physician.

A dropper with saline solution is a quick and effective way to replenish blood volume in the body, restore water-salt balance, and cleanse toxins. To prevent the product from causing a negative reaction, it should be used exclusively under the supervision of a physician.

Source: http://lechusdoma.ru/hlorid-natriya-vnutrivenno/

Sodium chloride: instructions for use

Sodium chloride is a drug intended for detoxification or rehydration.

Composition, release form

The medication is produced in the form of a clear, colorless solution. 1 liter of medicine contains 9 g of active compound in the form of sodium chloride.

Water for injection is used as additional compounds.

Pharmacological properties

The medication exhibits a rehydrating and detoxifying effect. The drug helps to compensate for the deficiency of the microelement sodium in various diseases and for some time increases the volume of circulating fluid.

The trace element sodium is of great importance in the process of transmitting various signals in nerve cells, takes part in electrophysiological reactions occurring in the heart, and also plays an important role in the metabolic process in the kidneys.

The drug is excreted from the body to a greater extent by the kidneys. A certain amount of the microelement is excreted through sweat and the intestines.

Indications for use

Sodium chloride droppers are prescribed for the following diseases:

  • Lack of trace element sodium;
  • Dissolving or diluting medications that need to be administered parenterally;
  • Extracellular isotonic dehydration.
  • Decreased concentration of the microelement potassium;
  • Excessive fluid content in the body;
  • Acidosis.
  • Use of large dosages of glucocorticosteroids;
  • Left ventricular failure in the acute stage;
  • Acidosis, extracellular hyperhydration;
  • The appearance of circulatory changes indicating the likelihood of developing pulmonary or cerebral edema;
  • swelling of the brain or lungs;
  • Hypernatremia, hyperchloremia, hypokalemia.

Dosage regimen

The medication is prescribed as intravenous drip injections. The dosage is determined by a specialist, taking into account the disease, fluid loss, body weight and age of the patient. In this case, it is necessary to monitor the amount of electrolytes in urine and plasma.

The dosage of the drug for adult patients is 500 ml three times a day.

The dosage of the drug for children is equal to ml per day per 1 kg of body weight.

The dosage that should be used when dissolving or diluting other medications is located in the interval ml per 1 dosage of the administered medication. The rate of administration and dosage is determined according to the recommendations for the use of the administered medication.

Overdose

If the drug is used in a dosage exceeding the therapeutic norm, the following symptoms may appear: increased blood pressure, fever, decreased tear and salivation, pain in the abdomen in the form of cramps, vomiting, tachycardia, sweating, thirst, diarrhea, nausea, pulmonary edema , headache, anxiety, weakness, dizziness, irritability.

In case of overdose, treatment is carried out aimed at suppressing unwanted symptoms.

Drug interactions

The medication combines well with most drugs. Due to this property, it is often used as a base solvent.

Lactation, pregnancy

The medicine is allowed to be prescribed to patients during lactation and pregnancy.

Side effects

The use of the medication may cause the following undesirable effects:

When using the drug as a base solvent for other drugs, the likelihood of developing undesirable manifestations is determined by the characteristics of these drugs. In such a situation, if side effects occur, it is necessary to stop the administration of the medication, assess the patient’s well-being, take the necessary measures and leave the medicine for testing, if necessary.

Contraindications

The medication should not be prescribed in the following situations:

The medication is prescribed with caution to patients suffering from arterial hypertension, peripheral edema, and chronic heart failure.

special instructions

Carrying out any injection with this drug requires monitoring the patient’s well-being, his biological and clinical indicators, special attention should be paid to assessing plasma electrolytes. In a child's body, due to the immaturity of the kidneys, sodium excretion may slow down. In this regard, for such patients, with repeated infusions, the procedure can begin after determining the amount of sodium.

The medicine is allowed to be used only if the packaging is intact and without any foreign matter. Containers should not be connected one at a time, as this may cause an air embolism due to the entry of air remaining in the first package.

The solution must be administered under sterile conditions while observing the basics of antiseptics. To prevent air from entering the infusion system, it must be filled with solution, and the remaining air must be completely released from the plastic packaging.

Other medications may be added during or before the infusion by injection into the area of ​​the package specifically designated for this procedure.

After one use, the packaging must be disposed of. Any unused dose should also be discarded.

You cannot reconnect incompletely used containers (regardless of how much medicine is left in it).

The effect of the medication on the ability to drive vehicles and operate complex machinery has not been described.

The average cost of the drug Sodium chloride in Moscow is 26 rubles.

Analogs

Analogs of the drug Sodium chloride in terms of pharmacological properties are: Physiological solution "Fiziologika", Physiodoza, Salin, Rizosin, Sodium chloride-Senderesis, Sodium chloride bufus, Sodium chloride Brown, Sodium chloride Bieffe, Aqua-Rinosol.

Terms and conditions of storage

The medication is stored at a temperature of no more than 25 degrees C in a place away from small children. The medicine is allowed to be used for 1.5 years for a volume of 50 ml, for 2 years for a volume of 100 ml and for 3 years for a volume of 500, 250 ml or 1 liter.

Source: http://bezboleznej.ru/natriya-chlorid

Sodium chloride

Sodium chloride (formula NaCL) is a substance known to every person. We all use it as a seasoning for cooking and call it salt. But today we will talk about how sodium chloride solution is used in medicine, and the range of its use in this industry is quite wide.

In its pure form, NaCL is a transparent white crystal with a salty taste. They dissolve well in water and are ideal for preparing a solution. In medicine, a sodium chloride solution, depending on the concentration of the active ingredient, is either a saline solution (physiological or isotonic) or a hypertonic solution, with a NaCL content of 0.9% and 10%, respectively.

Compound

  1. Physiological (isotonic) 0.9% solution contains 9 grams of NaCL and distilled water up to 1 liter
  2. Hypertonic 10% solution is more concentrated - 100 grams of NaCL per liter of distilled water

Release form

Saline solution

  1. Sodium chloride for infusions, dissolution of medications, enemas and external use is available in bottles of 100, 200, 400 and 100 ml
  2. Saline solution for diluting drugs, which will subsequently be used for intramuscular and subcutaneous injections, is available in ampoules of 5, 10 and 20 ml
  3. There are also tablets for oral administration. One tablet contains 0.9 mg of the active substance, and before use it must be dissolved in 100 ml of warm boiled water

Hypertonic solution

  1. 10% sodium chloride for intravenous injection and external use is available in 200 and 400 ml bottles
  2. For treating the nasal cavity, the medicine is available in the form of a spray, usually 10 ml in volume (depending on the manufacturer)

pharmachologic effect

Pharmacodynamics

  1. The substance NaCL itself in the body is responsible for maintaining constant pressure in the plasma and extracellular fluid. Usually the required amount enters the body with food.
  2. However, sometimes various kinds of pathological conditions may occur (for example, diarrhea, vomiting, high-degree burns), which are characterized by a large loss of fluid and salts by the body, and as a result - a deficiency of sodium and chlorine ions
  3. The above leads to thickening of the blood, convulsions, spasms of smooth muscles, and the functions of the nervous system and circulatory system may be disrupted
  4. Why is sodium chloride given intravenously when dehydrated? Its timely use will quickly restore fluid deficiency and water-salt balance.
  5. In addition, the drug has a plasma-replacing and detoxification effect, which is why sodium chloride solution is used for infusion for minor blood loss
  6. As for the hypertonic solution, when administered intravenously, it quickly replenishes the deficiency of sodium and chloride ions and enhances diuresis. This allows the drug to be used as an emergency aid for dehydration. Sodium chloride 10% is especially often needed for children, in whom dehydration occurs very quickly and can have the most serious consequences, including death.

Pharmacokinetics

  1. A NaCl solution, when administered intravenously, is very quickly removed from the vascular bed; after an hour, less than half of this substance remains in the vessels. Because of this property, saline solution is ineffective in cases of large blood loss.
  2. So, the half-life is approximately one hour, after which sodium, chloride ions and water begin to be eliminated by the kidneys, increasing the overall production of urine

Indications

As we have already said, the use of sodium chloride in medicine is quite widespread. Let's see how solutions of this substance of different concentrations are used:

NaCL 0.9%

    1. Restores the water-salt balance of the body in case of dehydration that occurs for any reason
    2. Intravenous administration of sodium chloride maintains the necessary plasma balance both during and after surgery
  1. This drug is an ambulance for detoxifying the body (for food poisoning, dysentery and other intestinal infections)
  2. This is why a dropper with sodium chloride is also needed: due to its plasma-replacing properties, this drug is used to maintain plasma volume in cases of severe diarrhea, burns, diabetic coma, and blood loss
  3. For inflammatory and allergic irritations of the cornea, saline solution is used to wash the eyes
  4. Sodium chloride is used to rinse the nasal cavity for allergic rhinitis, rhinopharyngitis, for the prevention of sinusitis, after removal of adenoids or polyps, for acute respiratory diseases
  5. Also, sodium chloride, both in combination with other drugs and without excipients, is used for inhalation of the respiratory tract.
  6. For treating wounds, moistening bandages and gauze dressings
  7. The neutral environment of saline is ideal for dissolving other drugs in it and subsequent infusions and injections

NaCL 10%

    1. Hypertonic solution is used primarily for acute deficiency of sodium and chlorine in the body
    2. To quickly restore water-salt balance in case of dehydration caused by gastric, pulmonary, intestinal bleeding, burns, severe vomiting and diarrhea
    3. The drug is an ambulance for poisoning due to silver nitrate
    4. Used to rinse the nasal cavity for sinusitis
  • Used externally to treat wounds
  • As an osmotic remedy for constipation - through an enema
  • As an aid to quickly increase the total volume of urine

Contraindications

Physiological (isotonic) solution

  1. Increased content of sodium or chlorine ions in the body
  2. Potassium deficiency
  3. Impaired fluid circulation, and, as a result, a tendency to pulmonary or cerebral edema
  4. Directly, cerebral edema or pulmonary edema
  5. Acute heart failure
  6. Intracellular dehydration
  7. Excess fluid in the extracellular space
  8. Taking corticosteroids
  9. Disorders and changes in renal excretory function
  10. With caution in children and the elderly

Hypertonic solution

Important! The use of the drug for subcutaneous and intramuscular injections is prohibited (this can lead to tissue necrosis)

Otherwise, all the contraindications listed for saline are relevant for hypertonic solution

Side effects

    1. When administered intravenously, local reactions are possible (burning sensation and hyperemia)
  1. Long-term use may result in symptoms of body intoxication.
  2. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps
  3. Nervous system disorders: dizziness, headache, weakness, sweating, anxiety, lacrimation, severe persistent thirst
  4. Increased heart rate and pulse, increased blood pressure
  5. Dermatitis
  6. Anemia
  7. Menstrual irregularities in women
  8. Edema (this may indicate a chronic imbalance of water-salt balance)
  9. Increased acidity
  10. Decreased potassium levels in the blood

Instructions for use

Instructions for using sodium chloride look like this:

  • Saline solution is administered to the patient both intravenously and subcutaneously, but most often - intravenously.
  • Before administration, the drug is warmed to body temperature.
  • The volume of medication is calculated based on the patient’s condition, as well as the amount of fluid he has lost; body weight and age are also taken into account
  • The average daily dose of the solution is 500 ml. This amount completely covers the body’s daily need for the substance. However, in case of severe intoxication and a high degree of dehydration, the volume of administered saline solution can be increased to 3000 ml
  • The average rate of drug administration is 540 ml per hour
  • Again, in case of urgent need, the rate of administration increases to 70 drops per minute
  • For children, the dosage is calculated based on age and body weight, and ranges, on average, from 20 to 100 ml. With long-term use, urine and plasma analysis is required for electrolyte content.
  • If the solution is used as an adjuvant for other medications when preparing a dropper, its volume varies from 50 to 250 ml
  • The hypertonic solution is administered only intravenously, in a stream (very slowly), volume - from 10 to 30 ml
  • When immediate replenishment of sodium and chlorine ions is required, a 100 ml dropper is used
  • Enemas with a hypertonic solution are used not only for constipation, they help with intracranial pressure, cardiac and renal edema, hypertension, inflammation and erosion of the colon
  • Compresses with a hypertonic solution are used to treat purulent wounds, abscesses, boils
  • Hypertonic and isotonic solutions are used to treat the nasal cavity in order to clear it of mucus or pus. For this, the drug is available in the form of a spray, but you can use a regular pipette, instilling 2 drops into each nostril for adults, and one drop for children
  • For the treatment of colds and diseases of the upper respiratory tract, inhalations with saline solution are very effective.

Already in itself, it is an excellent remedy for facilitating the discharge of sputum. In difficult cases, additional medications are added to the solution (Lazolvan, Ambroxol, Hydelix). To relieve the symptoms of bronchial asthma, bronchial dilators (for example, Berodual) are added to the saline solution.

During pregnancy

Why is sodium chloride administered intravenously during pregnancy? There are two indications for this treatment:

  • Too much sodium concentration in the blood plasma, a condition that leads to severe swelling
  • Medium and severe stage of toxicosis

In addition, saline solution is often used as a “placebo”, because a woman expecting a baby is subject to quite strong emotional stress.

Sodium chloride is a drug that solves many medical problems; its scope of application is very wide. That is why it takes its very important place among pharmaceuticals.

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Sodium chloride

Description current as of 08/03/2015

  • Latin name: Natrii chloridum
  • ATX code: B05XA03
  • Active ingredient: Sodium chloride
  • Manufacturer: Medpolymer, Sintez OJSC, Alium Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (Russia), Pharmland JV (Republic of Belarus)

Compound

The active ingredient of this product is sodium chloride. The formula for sodium chloride is NaCl, these are white crystals that quickly dissolve in water. Molar mass 58.44 g/mol. OKPD code - 14.40.1.

Saline solution (isotonic) is a 0.9% solution, it contains 9 g of sodium chloride, up to 1 liter of distilled water.

Hypertonic sodium chloride solution is a 10% solution, it contains 100 g of sodium chloride, up to 1 liter of distilled water.

Release form

A 0.9% sodium chloride solution is produced, which can be contained in ampoules of 5 ml, 10 ml, 20 ml. Ampoules are used to dissolve medications for injection.

A solution of sodium chloride 0.9% is also produced in bottles of 100, 200, 400 and 1000 ml. Their use in medicine is practiced for external use, intravenous drips, and enemas.

Sodium chloride solution 10% is contained in bottles of 200 and 400 ml.

For oral administration, tablets of 0.9 g are available.

A nasal spray is also produced in 10 ml bottles.

pharmachologic effect

Sodium chloride is a drug that acts as a rehydrating and detoxifying agent. The medicine is able to compensate for the lack of sodium in the body, subject to the development of various pathologies. Sodium chloride also increases the amount of fluid that circulates in the vessels.

Such properties of the solution are manifested due to the presence of chloride ions and sodium ions in it. They are able to penetrate the cell membrane using various transport mechanisms, in particular the sodium-potassium pump. Sodium plays an important role in the process of signal transmission in neurons; it is also involved in the metabolic process in the kidneys and in the electrophysiological processes of the human heart.

Pharmacopoeia indicates that sodium chloride maintains constant pressure in the extracellular fluid and blood plasma. In the normal state of the body, a sufficient amount of this compound enters the body with food. But in pathological conditions, in particular, with vomiting, diarrhea, and serious burns, there is an increased release of these elements from the body. As a result, the body experiences a deficiency of chlorine and sodium ions, as a result of which the blood becomes thicker, the functions of the nervous system, blood flow, convulsions, and spasms of smooth muscles are disrupted.

If an isotonic sodium chloride solution is promptly introduced into the blood, its use helps restore the water-salt balance. But since the osmotic pressure of the solution is similar to the pressure of blood plasma, it does not stay in the vascular bed for a long time. After administration, it is quickly eliminated from the body. As a result, after 1 hour, no more than half of the injected amount of solution is retained in the vessels. Therefore, in case of blood loss, the solution is not effective enough.

The product also has plasma-substituting and detoxifying properties.

When a hypertonic solution is administered intravenously, there is an increase in diuresis, replenishing the deficiency of chlorine and sodium in the body.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

Excretion from the body occurs mainly through the kidneys. Some sodium is excreted in sweat and feces.

Indications for use

Sodium chloride is a saline solution that is used when the body loses extracellular fluid. Indicated for conditions that lead to limited fluid intake:

Considering what sodium chloride is, it is used externally to wash wounds, eyes, and nose. The drug is used to moisturize dressings, for inhalation, and for the face.

The use of NaCl is indicated for forced diuresis in cases of constipation, poisoning, and internal bleeding (pulmonary, intestinal, gastric).

It is also indicated in the indications for use of sodium chloride that this is a drug that is used for diluting and dissolving drugs that are administered parenterally.

Contraindications

The use of the solution is contraindicated for the following diseases and conditions:

The solution is prescribed with caution to people who suffer from arterial hypertension, peripheral edema, decompensated chronic heart failure, chronic renal failure, preeclampsia, as well as those diagnosed with other conditions in which sodium retention occurs in the body.

If the solution is used as a diluent for other medications, existing contraindications should be taken into account.

Side effects

The following conditions may develop when using sodium chloride:

If the drug is used correctly, the development of side effects is unlikely.

If a 0.9% NaCl solution is used as a base solvent, then side effects are determined by the properties of the drugs that are diluted with the solution.

If any negative effects occur, you should immediately report it to a specialist.

Instructions for use of Sodium Chloride (Method and dosage)

The instructions for saline solution (isotonic solution) provide for its administration intravenously and subcutaneously.

In most cases, intravenous drip administration is practiced, for which the Sodium Chloride dropper is heated to a temperature of degrees. The volume that is administered to the patient depends on the condition of the patient, as well as the amount of fluid that has been lost by the body. It is important to take into account the person’s age and weight.

The average daily dose of the drug is ml, the solution is administered at an average speed of 540 ml/h. If there is a severe degree of intoxication, then the maximum volume of medication per day can be 3000 ml. If there is such a need, a volume of 500 ml can be administered at a speed of 70 drops per minute.

Children are given a dose of 20 to 100 ml per day per 1 kg of weight. The dosage depends on body weight and the age of the child. It should be borne in mind that with prolonged use of this medicine it is necessary to monitor the level of electrolytes in plasma and urine.

To dilute drugs that need to be administered by drip, use 50 to 250 ml of sodium chloride per dose of the drug. The characteristics of administration are determined based on the main drug.

The hypertonic solution is administered intravenously.

If the solution is used to immediately compensate for the deficiency of sodium and chlorine ions, 100 ml of the solution is injected dropwise.

To perform a rectal enema to induce defecation, 100 ml of a 5% solution is administered; 3000 ml of an isotonic solution can also be administered throughout the day.

The use of a hypertensive enema is slowly indicated for renal and cardiac edema, increased intracranial pressure and for hypertension it is carried out slowly, ml is administered. Such an enema cannot be performed in case of colon erosion and inflammatory processes.

Purulent wounds are treated with a solution according to the regimen prescribed by the doctor. Compresses with NaCl are applied directly to a wound or other lesion on the skin. Such a compress promotes the separation of pus and the death of pathogenic microorganisms.

The nasal spray is instilled into the nasal cavity after it has been cleansed. For adult patients, two drops are instilled into each nostril, for children - 1 drop. It is used for both treatment and prevention, for which the solution is dripped for about 20 days.

Sodium chloride for inhalation is used for colds. To do this, the solution is mixed with bronchodilators. Inhalation is carried out for ten minutes three times a day.

If absolutely necessary, saline solution can be prepared at home. To do this, mix a full teaspoon of table salt in one liter of boiled water. If it is necessary to prepare a certain amount of solution, for example, with salt weighing 50 g, appropriate measurements should be taken. This solution can be applied topically, used for enemas, rinses, and inhalations. However, under no circumstances should such a solution be administered intravenously or used to treat open wounds or eyes.

Overdose

In case of overdose, the patient may feel nausea, suffer from vomiting and diarrhea, he may develop abdominal pain, fever, and rapid heartbeat. Also, in case of an overdose, blood pressure may increase, pulmonary edema and peripheral edema, renal failure, muscle cramps, weakness, dizziness, generalized convulsions, and coma may develop. If the solution is administered excessively, hypernatremia may develop.

With excessive intake into the body, hyperchlorimic acidosis may develop.

If sodium chloride is used to dissolve drugs, then the overdose is mainly associated with the properties of those drugs that are diluted.

If NaCl is inadvertently overadministered, it is important to stop this process and assess whether the patient has any more negative symptoms. Symptomatic treatment is practiced.

Interaction

NaCl is compatible with most medications. It is this property that determines the use of the solution for diluting and dissolving a number of drugs.

When diluting and dissolving, it is necessary to monitor the compatibility of drugs visually, determining whether a precipitate appears during the process, whether the color changes, etc.

When concomitantly prescribing the drug with corticosteroids, it is important to constantly monitor the levels of electrolytes in the blood.

When taken in parallel, the hypotensive effect of Enalapril and Spirapril decreases.

Sodium Chloride is incompatible with the leukopoiesis stimulator Filgrastim, as well as with the polypeptide antibiotic Polymyxin B.

There is evidence that isotonic solution increases the bioavailability of drugs.

When diluted with a solution of powdered antibiotics, they are completely absorbed by the body.

Terms of sale

Sold in pharmacies by prescription. If necessary, use the drug to dilute other medications, etc. write out a prescription in Latin.

Storage conditions

The powder, tablets and solution should be stored in a dry place, in a well-closed container, and the temperature should not exceed 25 degrees Celsius. It is important to keep the drug away from children. If the packaging is sealed, freezing does not affect the properties of the drug.

Best before date

There are no restrictions on storing powder and tablets. The solution in 0.9% ampoules can be stored for 5 years; solution in bottles 0.9% - one year, solution in bottles 10% - 2 years. Cannot be used after the shelf life has expired.

special instructions

If an infusion is given, the patient's condition should be carefully monitored, in particular plasma electrolytes. It should be taken into account that in children, due to immature renal function, sodium excretion may slow down. It is important to determine its plasma concentration before repeated infusions.

It is important to monitor the condition of the solution before administering it. The solution must be transparent and the packaging undamaged. Only a qualified specialist can use the solution for intravenous administration.

Any preparations with Sodium Chloride should only be dissolved by a specialist who can qualifiedly assess whether the resulting solution is suitable for administration. It is important to strictly adhere to all antiseptic rules. Any solution should be administered immediately after its preparation.

The result of a series of chemical reactions involving sodium chloride is the formation of chlorine. Electrolysis of molten Sodium Chloride in industry is a method of producing chlorine. If you carry out electrolysis of a solution of Sodium Chloride, you also end up with chlorine. If crystalline Sodium Chloride is treated with concentrated sulfuric acid, the result is hydrogen chloride. Sodium sulfate and sodium hydroxide can be produced through a chain of chemical reactions. A qualitative reaction to chloride ion is a reaction with silver nitrate.

Analogs

Different drug manufacturers may produce the solution under a separate name. These are the drugs Sodium chloride Brown, Sodium chloride Bufus, Rizosin, Salin Sodium chloride Sinco, etc.

Preparations containing sodium chloride are also produced. These are combined salt solutions of sodium acetate + sodium chloride, etc.

For children

It is used in accordance with the instructions and under the careful supervision of specialists. The immaturity of renal function in children should be taken into account, so repeated administration is carried out only after an accurate determination of plasma sodium levels.

During pregnancy and lactation

During pregnancy, a sodium chloride dropper can only be used in pathological conditions. This is toxicosis in the moderate or severe stage, as well as gestosis. Healthy women receive sodium chloride from food, and its excess can lead to the development of edema.

Reviews

Most reviews are positive, as users write about this product as a useful drug. There are especially many reviews about the nasal spray, which, according to patients, is a good remedy for both the prevention and treatment of a runny nose. The product effectively moisturizes the nasal mucosa and promotes healing.

Sodium Chloride price, where to buy

The price of saline solution in ampoules of 5 ml is on average 30 rubles per 10 pcs. Buying sodium chloride 0.9% in a 200 ml bottle costs an average of rubles for 1 bottle.

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BIOSPHERE

Education: Graduated from Rivne State Basic Medical College with a degree in Pharmacy. Graduated from Vinnitsa State Medical University named after. M.I. Pirogov and internship at his base.

Work experience: From 2003 to 2013 – worked as a pharmacist and manager of a pharmacy kiosk. She was awarded diplomas and decorations for many years of conscientious work. Articles on medical topics were published in local publications (newspapers) and on various Internet portals.

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Source: http://medside.ru/natriya-chlorid