Blood from the nose

What are the reasons for nosebleeds in adults?

Every person has had to deal with nosebleeds at least once. But not everyone knows why nosebleeds occur. The reasons for this phenomenon in an adult can be very different: overwork and fatigue, nasal injuries, as well as other more serious diseases.

Table of contents:

• What are the reasons for nosebleeds in adults?
• Classification
• Why does an adult have nosebleeds: reasons
• What to do when your nose is bleeding?
• How to stop nosebleeds?
• Good to know:
• One comment
• Add a comment Cancel reply
• Transcription of analyzes online
• Doctors consultation
• Fields of Medicine
• Popular
• This is interesting
• Why does the nose bleed: all possible reasons
• Causes in adults
• Local provoking factors
• General pathologies of the body
• Causes in children
• When is nosebleed one-time and when is it periodic?
• Single nosebleed
• Causes of periodic nosebleeds
• What to do if your nose bleeds: causes and consequences
• Causes of nosebleeds
• Nosebleeds in adults
• Local reasons
• System
• Nose bleeds in the morning
• Nosebleeds during pregnancy
• Nosebleeds in children
• Is nosebleed dangerous?
• How to stop nosebleeds
• Independent actions
• Folk remedies for nosebleeds
• When you need medical help
• Preventing nosebleeds
• Blood from the nose - causes in an adult in normal condition
• What types of bleeding are there?
• Danger of nosebleeds
• Diagnostics
• Causes of nosebleeds under normal conditions
• In men
• Among women
• During pregnancy
• Frequent bleeding - cause
• Why does it go in the mornings and evenings?
• How can you stop nosebleeds?
• When dealing with nosebleeds, you need to follow the general rules:
• Prevention
• Nosebleeds in adults: causes, types, first aid
• Classification of nosebleeds
• Causes of nasal hemorrhage
• Causes of frequent nosebleeds
• The first signs of previous bleeding. How to recognize?
• How to stop epistaxis? First aid for bleeding
• When to see a doctor?
• Therapy for nosebleeds

In cases where nosebleeds occur quite often, you should immediately undergo a medical examination to identify the true cause or disease.

Such symptoms can signal a disease of various internal organs - liver, kidneys, and blood. In addition, nosebleeds can be caused by cardiovascular diseases, rheumatism and various infectious diseases.

Classification

The volume of blood leaking from the nose can range from several milliliters to half a liter.

1. Blood loss of a few milliliters is considered insignificant. Such bleeding is not dangerous to health and does not lead to any consequences. The only negative point may be fear, hysteria or fainting in young children.
2. Blood loss is assessed as moderate if its volume does not exceed 200 ml. Such blood loss causes slight weakness, dizziness, rapid pulse and flickering of spots before the eyes. Visible mucous membranes and skin may become pale.
3. We are talking about massive blood loss in cases where up to 300 ml of blood flows out in total or simultaneously. It is accompanied by more severe symptoms compared to mild ones: weakness, tinnitus, dizziness, headache, thirst, shortness of breath.
4. Profuse bleeding is characterized by a large volume - 500 ml and above. Massive blood loss leads to hemorrhagic shock, expressed in a sharp drop in blood pressure, lethargy, various disturbances of consciousness up to its loss, and insufficient blood circulation in the internal organs.

Also, nosebleeds can be divided into local and general. Local are those that cause bleeding when the nose is damaged locally, and general are those that cause bleeding in general.

Why does an adult have nosebleeds: reasons

Drops or streams of blood appearing from the nasal passages are a consequence of vascular damage. This happens as a result of either mechanical impact (trauma to the nose) or internal processes in the body.

Let's take a closer look at the main reasons why an adult may have a nosebleed, and what to do in this case:

1. Trauma - most often, various blows to the face area lead to injury to the nose, which may be accompanied by a fracture of its septum with the development of severe bleeding. In childhood, injuries to the nasal mucosa are caused by the habit of picking the nose with a finger or other objects (pencil, pen).
2. Impact of external conditions. Long exposure to the sun, overwork, physical activity are factors that can cause spontaneous nosebleeds. This is an isolated phenomenon, it is not a reason to go to the doctor, the bleeding quickly stops, and the incident is forgotten.
3. Sunstroke and overheating are one of the main factors for nosebleeds, especially in the summer. Due to high temperatures, the nasal cavity becomes dry and the vessels become fragile. They burst easily and cause nosebleeds. To protect yourself from heatstroke, you need to wear a Panama hat or a hat and stay in a shady place as much as possible.
4. Drying of the mucous membranes can also cause bleeding from the nose, as the capillaries become fragile. Drying of the nasal mucosa can be the result of prolonged exposure to dry air or frost.

The second group of nosebleeds is usually caused by much more serious reasons, including systemic disorders. In this case, nosebleeds are not a separate pathological condition, but a manifestation of symptoms of diseases of any organs and physiological systems, most often the respiratory and circulatory systems. This group includes diseases such as:

1. Hypertension. Increased blood pressure or intracranial pressure can also cause nosebleeds. But this is more of a blessing than a disaster, because it is better to lose a little blood and lower blood pressure than to have a stroke. By the way, most often pressure changes occur from 4 to 6 am. This fact explains why some people have nosebleeds in the morning.
2. Inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa (rhinitis) or its sinuses (sinusitis, frontal sinusitis) - inflammation weakens the walls of blood vessels, making them more brittle. Acute respiratory viral infection, allergic rhinitis, bacteria (streptococci, staphylococci, E. coli) can lead to the development of the inflammatory process.
3. Papillomas in the nose are growths on the mucous membrane. They are the result of a viral infection and are dangerous due to mutations into malignant formations. Polyps put pressure on blood vessels, make breathing difficult, and cause frequent bleeding in the morning.
4. Vegetative-vascular dystonia is accompanied by weak, fragile vessels, often causing nosebleeds in an adult or child diagnosed with VSD. Additional symptoms include watery discharge, headache, and tinnitus.
5. Atherosclerosis - changes in blood vessels, loss of their elasticity, frequent damage with the occurrence of various bleedings (internal and external).
6. Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal gland that causes increased levels of stress hormones. Because of this, the pressure rises sharply and the nose bleeds constantly. Signs of this tumor are frequent nosebleeds and dry nose. If you have such symptoms, you should contact the clinic.
7. Taking medications. Bleeding is usually caused by drugs that prevent blood clotting. These include heparin, aspirin and others. Blood from the nose can flow with prolonged and uncontrolled use of nasal sprays that dry out the mucous membrane.
8. Oncological diseases. Epistaxis occurs with malignant and benign tumors in the nose. In addition to bleeding, there may be an ulcer on the nasal mucosa, swelling of the nose, and a change in its shape.
9. Diseases accompanied by bleeding disorders, such as hemophilia.
10. Vitamin C deficiency. As you know, vitamin C strengthens the walls of blood vessels. If there is not enough of it, the vascular walls become loose and brittle. This fact may be the answer to the question why nosebleeds often occur.

In adults, the most common cause of nosebleeds is damage to the vessels of the anterior nasal septum (Kiesselbach's place), which is densely penetrated by a network of small arterioles and capillaries. Such bleeding, as a rule, does not pose a threat to human health. Blood from the nose flows out in drops or a thin stream and, with normal clotting, quickly stops on its own.

The situation is worse when the vessels of the upper and posterior sections of the nasal cavity are damaged. The arteries here are noticeably larger than in the anterior section, and therefore the bleeding is stronger, can cause significant harm to health and even lead to death due to very severe blood loss. In this case, the blood flows in a bright red, non-foamy stream, may appear from the mouth, and practically does not stop on its own.

What to do when your nose is bleeding?

There is no point in treating symptoms exclusively, since the underlying disease must be eliminated. The causes of frequent nosebleeds are determined by your doctor. It is necessary to visit a therapist or pediatrician and otolaryngologist. For diagnosis, you will need to take a general blood test and check blood clotting indicators.

Nosebleeds may not be so harmless. Many people do not pay enough attention to this. If blood from the nose bothers you in rare cases and then due to mechanical action, then there is no need to worry.

If blood from the nose bothers you often, it spurts out, or the bleeding is profuse and prolonged - all this is a signal to seek help from a specialist as soon as possible.

How to stop nosebleeds?

If blood flows from the nose as a result of mechanical damage and there is little blood, and apart from a slight headache, there are no signs of serious illness, you can deal with the problem yourself. The order of tasks is as follows: first we stop the bleeding, then with the help of analgesics you can reduce the intensity of pain.

Take a sitting position and tilt your head back slightly. Loosen your tie and unbutton your collar. Do not tilt your head forward - this will cause a rush of blood to the nose area and increased bleeding. It is also impossible to throw your head back - blood will enter the nasopharynx and lead to vomiting.

You can put a piece of ice or a towel soaked in cold water on the bridge of your nose for a short time, about ten minutes. A napkin moistened with cold water can also be applied to the back of the neck. It is advisable to press the nostril from which the blood is coming from for 5-10 minutes until the bleeding stops. If the bleeding is intense or does not stop, use tampons. For this, cotton swabs soaked in hydrogen peroxide are suitable; they need to be inserted into the nose, but not too deep, and sit for 10-15 minutes.

If there is no tampon and hydrogen peroxide, then insert a bandage into the nostril from which the blood is coming, leaving at least 10 centimeters outside so that it can be freely removed from the nostril. This is done to prevent blood from coming out of the nose. Also, if you have vasoconstrictor medications for nasal instillation, then apply a few drops to a tampon and insert it into your nose. These drops will help close the damaged vessel, which caused the bleeding. Then place the person in a cool, quiet, dark room. It happens that these measures are already sufficient.

If the bleeding is profuse and cannot be stopped quickly enough at home, the headache is severe, speech, vision or consciousness in general are impaired - immediately call an ambulance.

Good to know:

One comment

You just need to use less vasoconstrictors, but on the contrary, it’s better if your nose is a little stuffy.

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Only a qualified doctor can treat diseases.

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Why does the nose bleed: all possible reasons

From this article you will learn: all the possible causes of nosebleeds in adults and children.

There are many causes of nosebleeds. It is important to determine the cause of bleeding in an individual to prevent recurrent episodes.

In children, blood flows from the nose due to polyps or adenoids, age-related immaturity of blood vessels, the presence of a foreign body in the nasal passage, anemia, prolonged use of a vasoconstrictor spray, etc.

Then be sure to contact an otolaryngologist. All these observations will help him quickly understand why your nose is bleeding. Of course, additional examination will be required. The doctor will select a list of diagnostic methods in accordance with the suspected cause. It is possible that after receiving the research results, you will need consultation or treatment from another specialist - a cardiologist, endocrinologist, surgeon, oncologist. If there is a facial injury with damage to the nasal passages, the cause of the bleeding is obvious; in this case, you should immediately contact a traumatologist.

Only by eliminating the provoking factor will you get rid of bleeding.

Causes in adults

Two groups of causes of bleeding:

1. local (local) – affects only the nose;
2. systemic (general) - arise due to internal effects of the body, for example, in various diseases.

Local provoking factors

• Nose injuries. They often occur during a fight due to blows to the face or during serious accidents.
• Allergy. The walls of blood vessels rupture due to an allergic reaction and blood flow.
• Dry hot room air. Often the cause of night bleeding is drying out of the mucous membrane due to inhalation of too dry air currents during hot radiators in winter.
• Polyp in the nose or deformation of the nasal septum. This makes nasal breathing difficult, causing the load to be improperly distributed between the nostrils. The polyp compresses the blood vessels, due to which red liquid often flows from the nose, especially in the morning.
• Atrophy of the mucous membrane. Develops in various inflammatory diseases, for example, chronic rhinitis. It may be a consequence of a hereditary disease or occupational hazard - dusty premises, dry air, working in the cold. Insufficient mucus secretion, drying out and thinning of the mucous membrane causes fragility of blood vessels, and ultimately nosebleeds.
• Inflammation of the nasal mucosa (rhinitis) may be accompanied by minor nosebleeds. Blood clots are visible along with the mucus that appears during a runny nose.
• Long-term use of hormonal or vasoconstrictor spray (drops).
• Sunstroke is one of the main factors in the occurrence of nosebleeds in hot summers. Often, general overheating of the body, which occurs due to prolonged exposure to the scorching rays of the sun, is accompanied by nosebleeds. The vessels of the mucous membrane become fragile and burst.
• Snorting cocaine. It has long been noted that drug addicts who use cocaine through the nose have thinning mucous membranes, loss of smell, and nosebleeds.

General pathologies of the body

• Hypertension is the most common cause of nosebleeds in adults, especially older people. This “natural bloodletting” reduces the risk of cerebral stroke. Usually after it the person’s condition does not worsen, but improves. Develops against the background of tinnitus, cephalgia (headache) and other symptoms of crisis. The blood vessels burst, unable to withstand the pressure, causing blood from the nose to flow in a thin stream without clots.
• Acute infections affecting the mucous membrane of the nasal passages. These are sinusitis, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, rhinitis, ARVI and others. Inflamed vessels are more fragile and more likely to burst, causing blood to flow through the nose. Similar changes in the vascular walls occur with allergic rhinitis.
• Blood diseases or other pathologies accompanied by impaired blood clotting. What causes nosebleeds in this case? For example, in hemophilia, a deficiency of blood plasma coagulation factors leads not only to nosebleeds and other heavy external bleeding, but also to serious internal bleeding. Other pathologies include hemorrhagic diathesis, vasculitis, coagulopathies, hypo- and vitamin deficiency with vitamin deficiency. K, S.
• Hormonal changes or disruptions during puberty, menopause or pregnancy.
• Taking blood thinning medications. Heparin, warfarin, and aspirin can cause nosebleeds.
• Pheochromocytoma is a hormone-dependent tumor of the adrenal gland of a malignant or benign nature. Its main symptom is arterial hypertension with frequent crises, during which nosebleeds are possible. The stable form of the disease is characterized by a persistent increase in blood pressure and, accordingly, frequent episodes of nosebleeds.
• Malignant neoplasm in the nasal cavity. Various cancerous tumors lead to ulceration of the mucous membrane, impaired nasal breathing, and bleeding.
• Barometric pressure difference. This is what divers, climbers or pilots encounter.

Why does the nose bleed - for other reasons:

• Inhalation of chemical irritants.
• Air travel.
• Intense sneezing.

Causes in children

Why do babies have nosebleeds? There are many factors, just like in adults. Very common:

1. Foreign body in the nasal passage.
2. Fall with damage to the nose.
3. Mechanical injury with a slimy toy or finger.

The cause of nosebleeds in children at night may be increased pressure or dry air in the room. If this is an isolated case, the bleeding is easy to stop, and there are no other symptoms, then there is no cause for concern. If bleeding occurs repeatedly, does not stop well, the child complains of weakness, various pains, then you should definitely contact a pediatrician and be examined. In such cases, nosebleeds may be due to a serious illness, such as anemia, leukemia, hemophilia, or another disease associated with poor blood clotting.

When is nosebleed one-time and when is it periodic?

Single nosebleed

1. Injury to the mucous membrane by a foreign object, which is especially typical for young children.
2. Severe fatigue or stress.
3. Fever due to acute respiratory infection or other infection.
4. Overheating of the body during a visit to a bathhouse, sauna, or prolonged exposure to the sun.

If a child develops nosebleeds after using drops with a vasoconstrictor effect, you should stop using them. The mucous membrane is so dry that the nasal capillaries burst.

Single bleeding without massive blood loss is usually not dangerous. But if the episodes are repeated many times, you should be wary and be sure to consult a specialist.

Signal bleeding deserves special attention. It begins suddenly and ends quickly, but the blood loss is significant, and the color of the blood may be unusual - dark, coagulated with flakes and large clots, or red foamy. This may indicate an aneurysm, rupture of a large vessel, disintegration of a malignant neoplasm, pulmonary, gastric bleeding, etc.

Causes of periodic nosebleeds

If blood flows systematically and is accompanied by other symptoms - uterine bleeding, bleeding gums, bruising, fever, joint pain, you should be wary and be sure to first consult with an ENT doctor or therapist. You may have a systemic or malignant disease, such as anemia, pheochromocytoma, thrombocytopenic purpura, leukemia, etc.

Hypertensive patients prone to nosebleeds usually themselves note that blood flows from the nose during a hypertensive crisis. After the pressure normalizes, it stops.

If you cannot stop the child’s bleeding on your own, and there are bruises in different parts of the body, then you should immediately call an ambulance, and then undergo an examination to rule out hemophilia.

If cases of nosebleeds recur, last longer than 20 minutes, or if there are accompanying symptoms, you should definitely visit a specialist to find out and eliminate the cause of the pathological condition.

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What to do if your nose bleeds: causes and consequences

Nosebleeds are usually frightening and take you by surprise. Even a few falling scarlet drops cause concern, and if blood is gushing out of your nose, you won’t be confused for long. Knowing why a nose bleeds and how to act to stop it will help you avoid panic and competently help the victim.

Causes of nosebleeds

Epistaxis (nosebleeds) is a common and familiar phenomenon to everyone. There are many reasons for it - from fairly harmless to serious, but what they all have in common is the effect on the blood vessels: they become fragile, burst, which is why the nose bleeds.

Nosebleeds in adults

All causes of epistaxis in adults are divided into:

1. Local – appear locally and affect only the nose
2. Systemic – appear due to internal influence and affect the body completely.

Local reasons

Local factors for the occurrence of nosebleeds:

1. Injury - blows, falls
2. Entry of foreign bodies
3. Sharp blowing of the nose, damage to the mucous membrane with nails
4. Dry indoor air
5. Inflammatory diseases. With rhinitis, sinusitis, and sinusitis, crusts form in the nose, injuring the mucous membrane, and light bleeding occurs
6. Allergy - blood vessels burst due to blood flow
7. Use of steroid and hormonal nasal sprays
8. Nasal cartilage deformities
9. Atrophied mucosa
10. The appearance of tumors
11. Inhalation of narcotic powders (cocaine is especially dangerous)
12. Surgeries – plastic and after injuries.

System

Epistaxis occurs for the following systemic reasons:

1. Disturbances in the functioning of the heart and blood vessels
2. Increased pressure
3. Vegetative-vascular dystonia
4. Diseases of the blood with impaired coagulation
5. Taking blood thinning medications
6. Reduced elasticity of connective tissue and blood vessels due to lack of vitamins C, PP and K
7. Alcohol abuse
8. Overheating in the sun, fever
9. Barotrauma - sudden changes in pressure at height or depth
10. Hormonal imbalances - during adolescence, pregnancy, menopause
11. Overwork, lack of sleep, stress
12. Hereditary fragility of blood vessels.

In many cases, nosebleeds appear against the background of headaches, tinnitus, and dizziness.

Nose bleeds in the morning

Epistaxis in the morning, rather than during the day, is more often observed in men. The reasons are deviated septum due to injury or vascular atrophy due to overwork, smoking, and harmful working conditions.

More serious problems are also possible - nasal polyps, systemic blood diseases, therefore, if there is constant bleeding in the morning, especially with pain, consultation with a specialist is advisable.

Nosebleeds during pregnancy

During pregnancy, under the influence of hormones, the total volume of blood in the body increases and the load on the heart and blood vessels increases.

In a woman in an “interesting position,” the nasal mucosa becomes thinner and brittle, and pressure may increase—as a result, blood flows from the nose. This must be reported to the supervising doctor - monitoring is necessary, high blood pressure is dangerous for the fetus.

After childbirth, everything usually returns to normal.

Nosebleeds in children

Why does nose bleed in children?

Is nosebleed dangerous?

Typically, epistaxis is a frightening, spectacular, but relatively safe for health phenomenon. It develops when blood vessels are damaged spontaneously or due to injury.

Nosebleeds happen:

• Anterior - localized in the anterior-lower part of the nasal septum, occurs in 90-95% of cases. Blood drips or flows in a weak trickle, stops quickly
• Posterior – occurring in the middle and posterior sections of the nasal cavity. It is observed much less frequently, but requires mandatory medical attention: blood flows in a stream, it is difficult to stop it, and vomiting of blood is possible if it is swallowed.

The danger is heavy or prolonged bleeding. Dizziness, weakness, pallor, flashing spots appear, cold sweat appears, the pulse weakens and quickens, the patient may lose consciousness. If such symptoms appear, you should not hesitate - you need urgent medical help. If blood pours from the nose every day, a headache appears, a medical consultation is also necessary.

How to stop nosebleeds

If the bleeding occurs spontaneously, in one half of the nose, the blood flows out weakly, there is no pain, then it usually stops quickly and is not dangerous to health. Severe or prolonged bleeding requires medical intervention.

Independent actions

In most cases, you can handle the problem yourself. What to do if your nose bleeds:

1. Provide the patient with a state of rest in a semi-sitting position
2. You should spread your legs and lean forward slightly so that the blood flows freely
3. Ensure free access of air - unfasten the belt, tight collar, bra
4. You need to apply cold to the bridge of your nose - a wet napkin, ice
5. Blood that enters the nasopharynx should be spat out
6. If the blood flows weakly, you can slightly press the wings of the nose and hold for 5-7 minutes until the bleeding stops - when squeezed, the blood flow will slow down, a clot will form and block the damaged vessel
7. If the bleeding is severe, cotton swabs should be soaked in hydrogen peroxide or vasoconstrictor drops and inserted into the nasal passages
8. When bleeding due to dry crusts in the nose, they need to be softened by lubricating the nostrils with Vaseline or sunflower oil
9. If bleeding is due to overheating, the victim should be moved to the shade and a cold compress applied to the nose. Heat stroke will require hospitalization
10. If you lose consciousness, the patient should be placed on his back with his head turned to the side and doctors should be called.

What NOT to do:

1. Throwing your head back - this leads to blood flowing into the throat and vomiting
2. Bend over too much - this will increase bleeding
3. Blowing your nose prevents a blood clot from clogging the injured vessel.
4. Lie down horizontally with your head turned to the side.

If a child’s nose bleeds or pain occurs, there is no need to panic, scaring the baby. You need to act in the same way as when providing assistance to adults, but call doctors after 10 minutes if the bleeding has not stopped, and after 5 minutes if there is severe bleeding.

Folk remedies for nosebleeds

It is possible to stop nosebleeds with the help of herbal recipes:

1. Soak cotton swabs in nettle juice and insert them into the nasal passages
2. Grind fresh yarrow, soak tampons in the juice and insert into the nostrils
3. Boil viburnum bark (10g per glass of water), leave, moisten the tampons and insert them into the nose.

When you need medical help

You should urgently call an ambulance if it is impossible to stop the nosebleed on your own, it lasts for more minutes in adults or becomes stronger, pallor, chills, severe pain, numbness of the limbs or loss of consciousness appear.

Doctors' help is also needed if:

1. There is pain, swelling, a deformed bone, there is a suspicion of a nasal fracture
2. Bleeding is accompanied by headache, blurred vision, and dizziness.
3. Bleeding after taking blood thinners or hormonal medications
4. There may be a foreign body in the child's nose.

Until the doctors arrive, the patient needs to be kept at rest.

Preventing nosebleeds

If adults or children often have nosebleeds, bruises appear on the body, bleeding gums or a headache, it is imperative to establish the exact cause of the pathology.

First of all, you should contact an ENT specialist. To establish the causes of the problem, the specialist will examine the nasal cavity - there may be foreign bodies, polyps, neoplasms, and will prescribe a blood test to determine its coagulability and platelet count.

It is also advisable to seek advice from an endocrinologist, immunologist, hematologist, or oncologist. Specialists will conduct diagnostic tests and prescribe the necessary course of treatment.

To prevent bleeding in adults and children over 3 years of age, use ascorutin (a complex drug with vitamins C and P) in prophylactic doses specified in the instructions.

You can strengthen the delicate surface of the mucous membrane with massage. Every day, morning and evening:

1. Use your thumb knuckles to tap the center of the bridge of your nose.
2. Using the pads of your index fingers, stroke the nasal mucosa at its base with rotational movements.
3. Tap the wings of the nose - lightly at first, then gradually increase the pressure
4. At the end of the procedure, lubricate the nasal mucosa with Vaseline.

Breathing exercises have an excellent strengthening effect. You should inhale and exhale forcefully several times, then repeat the exercise, alternately pinching your nostrils. After this, inhale alternately with pinched nostrils, holding the air as you inhale for 5 seconds.

It is very useful to rinse the nose with solutions of sea salt, soda, iodine, and herbal infusions, especially chamomile.

You should also constantly:

• Eat well and rest
• Maintain comfortable humidity in living areas, especially children's rooms - 60-70%
• Make sure that children do not put their fingers or small objects into their noses.
• Infants should wear anti-scratch mittens.

The causes of most episodes of epistaxis can be easily identified and eliminated, but they can also be a symptom of serious illnesses or a consequence of neglect of one’s health. Situations are dangerous when blood spurts from the nose; this is accompanied by pain and general weakness - this requires urgent medical attention. If bleeding constantly recurs, you also cannot do without a visit to the doctor. Pay attention to your body's signals and be healthy!

Source: http://lekhar.ru/simptomy/nos/krov-iz-nosa/

Blood from the nose - causes in an adult in normal condition

The causes of nosebleeds in adults lie in defects in the structure of the mucous membrane, features of the surrounding microclimate, or concomitant pathologies. Epistaxis, as this symptom is scientifically designated, causes a lot of concern. However, it is not always a consequence of severe illness. When identifying the causes, it is necessary to take into account the nature of the bleeding, its intensity and frequency.

What types of bleeding are there?

Bleeding can be triggered by external factors. They appear as a result of injury. Their nature is clear. In this case, it remains to find out the intensity of the lesion and provide first aid to the patient.

Spontaneous hemorrhages are of greatest concern. They begin suddenly without apparent external causes. They have varying degrees of intensity. May be episodic or regular.

Blood is released from the anterior and deep parts of the nose. When diagnosing, it is important to determine the location of the problem. Bleeding can be one-sided (left-sided, right-sided). Blood may flow from both nostrils at once. Unilateral bleeding is the least dangerous, as it indicates damage to the vessels of the anterior parts of the nose.

When describing a problem, take into account the frequency of its occurrence: single, rare, frequent. Indicate the duration of the process (short-term, long-term bleeding). Pay attention to the nature of the lesion: only capillaries or vessels and veins are affected.

Danger of nosebleeds

The danger of periodic nosebleeds lies in the likelihood of developing iron deficiency anemia. With intense hemorrhages affecting large vessels, there is a risk of large blood loss.

Intense bleeding from both passages is considered dangerous. It indicates damage to the distant parts of the nose. This phenomenon is given special importance, because it is not possible to stop it at home. Such bleeding can be a consequence of severe pathologies.

The event indicates damage to the large vessels of the skull. Blood can be pumped into the nose through a common channel from the lungs, stomach and trachea.

Diagnostics

Single, short-term bleeding most often occurs as a result of injury. A routine examination by an ENT specialist will help alleviate all concerns. During the appointment, the anterior zone of the capillary plexus is diagnosed. The doctor finds out whether there was an injury and whether it caused the bleeding.

An endoscope is used to install the source in the deep parts of the nose. It penetrates directly to the large vessels of the skull.

To make a general diagnosis, the doctor measures the patient's blood pressure and prescribes blood tests to determine the number of platelets and clotting parameters. The total amount of hemoglobin is determined in the laboratory.

Causes of nosebleeds under normal conditions

Common causes of nosebleeds in adults include a deviated nasal septum. This factor affects the redistribution of air flows, as a result of which dryness, irritation, and swelling of the mucous membrane occur in one of the passages. All this provokes the appearance of nasal congestion and fragility of the walls of small capillaries.

Bleeding can be caused by external factors. Dry and cold air can provoke the appearance of microtraumas on the internal capillary network of the nose. Bleeding often occurs against the background of dry mucosa.

In men

Men are characterized by the presence of factors common to both sexes.

Changes in capillary permeability are associated with cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis is one of the causes of decreased vascular elasticity. This disease is also accompanied by frequent manifestations of hypertension.

Bleeding may be a consequence of changes in blood clotting. This pathology is often accompanied by bleeding gums.

Sometimes specific factors are present. In some professions (divers, climbers, aircraft pilots), activities are associated with a sharp change in the pressure acting on the body. At some point, the walls of blood vessels may not be able to cope with the impact exerted on them.

Frequent bleeding occurs due to kidney and liver diseases. Pathologies of internal organs contribute to the development of hypertension, which will be the main cause of epistaxis.

The fragility of blood vessels increases as a result of taking certain medications. Drugs that reduce blood viscosity increase capillary permeability.

The causes of nosebleeds may lie in genetic abnormalities, such as hemophilia.

Sometimes the only factor is age. Due to changes that occur in older people, the walls of the vessels in the distant parts of the nose lose their elasticity. The result is bleeding from the deep parts of the respiratory organ.

Among women

In women, the factor of menopause is added to the reasons. In conditions of falling hormonal levels, the elasticity and permeability of blood vessels is impaired.

During pregnancy

Women in the first trimester of pregnancy are at particular risk. With an increase in the total level of estrogen, the filling of the vascular network with blood increases. Intercellular fluid tends to linger, which leads to swelling and fragility of the nasal mucosa in particular.

From the second trimester of pregnancy, the appearance of bleeding may be associated with a deficiency of certain substances, due to which background pathologies develop.

During pregnancy, the load on the cardiovascular system increases significantly. Women often suffer from high blood pressure, which is also a factor contributing to the appearance of epistaxis.

Rare events do not threaten the mother and fetus. A woman should definitely draw the attention of a leading doctor to intense bleeding.

Frequent bleeding - cause

Frequent bleeding can be dangerous but not life-threatening. If the diagnosis does not reveal serious diseases, then the cause of the regular phenomenon is the constant effect on the mucous membrane of a certain factor.

These factors can be physical defects, such as a deviated nasal septum or the presence of polyps in the area of ​​the maxillary sinuses, or constant exposure of the mucous membrane to dry air.

Why does it go in the mornings and evenings?

Constant stay in a room with a hot climate leads to the appearance of signs of dry rhinitis. The overdried nasal mucosa is easily injured. The presence of negative factors throughout the day can provoke the appearance of epistaxis in the evening.

Frequent use of vasoconstrictor drugs results in degradation of the nasal mucosa. The disease is called atrophic rhinitis. A thinned vascular wall is fragile. Morning bleeding occurs even from slight blowing of the nose.

How can you stop nosebleeds?

When dealing with nosebleeds, you need to follow the general rules:

• Русский
• take a sitting position with your head slightly thrown back;
• With two fingers, pinch the bridge of your nose for 10 minutes; during this time the blood will have time to clot, the resulting film will block the crack in the vessel from which the blood flows; breathing through the mouth should be free;
• use a cotton swab soaked in hydrogen peroxide or apple cider vinegar; the tampon is inserted in one or both strokes; after the bleeding has stopped, you should not blow your nose or take sharp breaths through your nose for two hours; you should try to refrain from sneezing;
• periodically press a cold compress to the bridge of your nose, which can be made from any piece of cloth soaked in ice water;
• if the blood is coming from only one side, you can raise the corresponding arm up.

If the bleeding is very intense, then after providing first aid, you need to call a team of doctors.

Prevention

As a preventative measure, it is necessary to identify and establish the cause of bleeding. Cure the underlying disease.

If the reason lies in taking medications, you should inform your doctor.

To prevent bleeding, aggravating factors must be eliminated. Avoid frequent use of vasoconstrictor drugs. Humidify the air in the room. When staying outside in the cold, cover your nose with a scarf or hand.

It turns out that the phenomenon of epistaxis can also occur in a practically healthy adult. But to be sure that there is no threat, it is necessary to establish the exact reason why the nose is bleeding.

Source: http://attuale.ru/krov-iz-nosa-prichiny-u-vzroslogo-pri-normalnom-sostoyanii/

Nosebleeds in adults: causes, types, first aid

Nosebleeds can begin at the most unexpected moment and there are many reasons for this phenomenon: from ordinary mechanical damage to the vessels of the nose to more serious diseases. Why your nose is bleeding can be helped by a specialist who you should contact if the bleeding recurs repeatedly. In any case, you should know how to stop bleeding and what actions to take when simple methods do not help.

Classification of nosebleeds

Bleeding from the nose (scientifically called epistaxis) is a developmental anomaly in which blood bleeds from the vessels of the nasal cavity. The danger of such a condition may include large blood losses, which threatens human life and health. According to statistics, about 20% of all patients with epistaxis turn to ENT doctors for emergency help. 80-85% of patients are diagnosed with problems with the hemostatic system. About 85% of cases of epistaxis are a symptom of diseases of the organs and systems of the body, and in 15% of cases the causes of the phenomenon are pathologies of the nasal cavity.

Types of nosebleeds are determined by their abundance:

1. Minor hemorrhage - a few milliliters of blood flows from one nostril. Hemorrhage can be stopped quickly with the right help. Negative aspects of the condition are fear, confusion, discomfort.
2. Moderate hemorrhage - about 300 ml of blood flows from the nose in adults. The consequences of excessive blood loss are lightheadedness, weakness in the body, spots before the eyes, thirst, rapid pulse, pale skin, shortness of breath, and ringing in the ears.
3. Profuse (massive, severe) bleeding is dangerous for humans. Blood loss can be more than 300 ml. Medicine has recorded cases when the volume of blood flowing from the nose was more than a liter. The consequence of the condition can be hemorrhagic shock, accompanied by loss of consciousness, a significant decrease in blood pressure, and insufficient blood circulation in the organs.

Nosebleeds are distinguished as anterior (blood comes out through the nostrils) and posterior (blood goes down the back wall of the nasopharynx). Anterior hemorrhage is rarely profuse, does not threaten the life and health of the victim, and can be stopped independently. Posterior bleeding is characterized by excessive profuseness and can be stopped only with the help of doctors.

Causes of nasal hemorrhage

Nosebleeds can occur for many reasons, which are divided into general and local.

Nosebleeds in an adult may be due to the influence of external factors. These include:

1. Being in dry air conditions. Due to the constant inhalation of dry air, the nasal mucosa dries out and sticks together with small vessels, which in turn also become weak and brittle.
2. Long-term use of certain groups of medications: corticosteroids, antihistamines, vasoconstrictor drops, blood thinners.
3. Overheating of the body, sunstroke or heatstroke. The condition is usually accompanied by weakness, lightheadedness, nausea, and fainting. There is a buzzing in the ears.
4. Severe sneezing or coughing, which sharply increases pressure in the vessels of the nose.
5. Intoxication of the body through inhalation of harmful vapors, gases, aerosols, thermal, electrical and chemical burns of the mucous membrane, prolonged exposure to radiation on the body.
6. Pressure changes in the atmosphere.
7. Serious physical activity.

Causes of frequent nosebleeds

A doctor who has fully examined the patient can answer why the nose often bleeds. The reason for regular epistaxis is the structural feature of the cavity of the olfactory organ. Regular, scanty nosebleeds when sneezing, coughing or rhinitis indicate the fragility of the Kisselbach plexus vessels. Bleeding from the nose during ozena (also known as atrophic rhinitis) often occurs due to the drying out of the mucous membrane and blood vessels that burst and bleed.

Frequent epistaxis is observed with hormonal instability. The phenomenon is considered especially dangerous for pregnant women, who undergo serious changes in their body during this period. Due to an increase in the level of sex hormones, the blood supply to the vessels of the whole body increases. And if a woman has weak, fragile blood vessels, she may experience frequent nosebleeds. In pregnant women, this symptom indicates high blood pressure, kidney or liver problems.

There are always reasons for nosebleeds. A complete examination of the body will help determine what exactly caused the bleeding. Based on the results of tests and studies, the attending physician will select the optimal treatment method. In any case, if nosebleeds start for no reason, you should be examined in a clinic - self-medication can be disastrous.

The first signs of previous bleeding. How to recognize?

Recognizing whether blood is coming from the nose or not is not that difficult. The main thing is to pay attention to the characteristic signs of nasal blood loss:

During the examination, the doctor will determine exactly what origin the nosebleeds have and what their cause is. To make a diagnosis, you will need to undergo pharyngoscopy, ultrasound of internal organs, a coagulogram, ECG, EEG, echocardiography, x-ray of the nasopharynx, MRI of the nasopharynx, general analysis of urine and blood.

How to stop epistaxis? First aid for bleeding

If an adult or elderly person has a nosebleed, follow these steps:

1. First aid is to stop the bleeding. First you need to calm down, sit the victim on a chair, tilt his head forward a little.
2. In order for air to freely penetrate into the victim’s lungs, you should unbutton his belt, the top buttons of his shirt, untie his tie (if epistaxis occurs in men), unfasten his bra, and remove jewelry (if nosebleeds occur in women).
3. You need to place a cold compress (ice from the freezer, wrapped in a napkin) on the bridge of your nose. You need to keep the compress for 10 minutes.
4. If blood has dropped into the nasopharynx, it needs to be spat out.
5. If the bleeding is mild, you can pinch the nostrils at the wings of the nose with your fingers for 5-7 minutes. If there is an assistant who will pinch the victim's nostrils, the patient can stretch two arms up if epistaxis is observed from two nostrils, or one corresponding to the bleeding nasal passage. Thus, the blood flow in the organ slows down, and the resulting blood clot clogs the vessel.
6. If there is significant bleeding, 3% peroxide or any drug with a vasoconstrictor effect can be instilled into the nostrils.
7. If the blood continues to flow, then peroxide is applied to a cotton swab and inserted into the nasal passage, gently pressing it against the central wall of the nose.
8. If blood flows through the nose unexpectedly due to overheating, the victim must be taken to a cool place and an ice compress applied to the nose. The victim will need hospitalization.
9. If the patient is unconscious, you should lay him on his back and move his head to the side. Then call an ambulance.
10. If first aid does not give positive results, you need to go to the clinic.

If measures to stop nasal hemorrhage are successful and the victim feels well, he should be given sweet tea and taken out into the fresh air.

What is prohibited?

1. Throw your head back - blood can go down the esophagus, causing a gag reflex; cause suffocation.
2. Do not blow blood from your nose: the consequence of rash actions is severe bleeding.
3. Do not remove the tampon from the nostril with a sharp movement - it should first be soaked with peroxide.
4. You should not lean forward too much - this will worsen hemorrhage.
5. It is not recommended to lie horizontally and hold your head straight - it is better to turn it to the side.
6. If the reason why blood is pouring from the nose is a foreign object, there is no need to try to get it out yourself.

When to see a doctor?

You should seek medical help if:

• there is heavy blood loss (from 200 ml);
• there is an injury to the nose or skull;
• if a sudden nosebleed does not stop even after measures have been taken to stop it;
• there is a worsening of chronic diseases;
• acute viral infections have been diagnosed;
• the patient’s general health has worsened;
• the victim has high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus;
• Symptoms include vomiting blood.

Therapy for nosebleeds

Treatment methods for pathology consist of three principles: rapid relief of bleeding, drug therapy aimed at reducing blood loss, and impact on the cause of the problem.

1. Drug treatment. If a patient has a nose bleed and this phenomenon occurs repeatedly, he may be prescribed vaso-strengthening, hemostatic, blood clotting, and blood pressure-lowering drugs.
2. Cauterization of the nasal mucosa. It is used if the factor causing blood to drip from the nose is the small vessels of the anterior wall of the organ.
3. Oxygen therapy is oxygen therapy.
4. Tamponade is performed in a hospital setting exclusively by the attending physician. Nasal tamponade is distinguished as anterior and posterior. The procedure is performed with gauze tampons or a hemostatic sponge.
5. Surgical methods. For mild bleeding, the surgeon can inject novocaine (0.5%) or quinine dihydrochloride (0.5-1%) under the mucosa, remove the submucosa of the nasal septum, and scrape out vascular growths. If blood constantly flows through the nose, ligation of the vessels is performed; in case of a recurrent problem, nasal dermoplasty is performed (the mucous membranes of the anterior part of the nasal cavity are excised and replaced with a skin flap taken from the patient’s postauricular area).

There are many reasons why a nose may bleed. And this may not be a one-time phenomenon, but a constant problem, the origin of which must be clarified without fail in order to exclude serious pathologies.

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Source: http://doctos.ru/np/krov-iz-nosa-u-vzroslih.html