Which antihistamine is better

negative effect on the liver and heart

• Zyrtec (cetirizine)
• Telfast (fexofenadine)
• Trexyl (terfenadine)
• hismanal (astemizole)
• Erius (desloratadine)
• Semprex (crivastin)
• allergodil (acelastine)

Improved modern drugs have a significant duration of action - from half to two days, after completion of treatment they have an inhibitory effect on histamine for 6-8 weeks.

• have no systemic significant side effects
• indicated for all age groups - some of them are classified as over-the-counter drugs
• suitable for activities requiring high concentration of attention
• indicated for the prevention of allergic diseases
• not addictive
• do not, with rare exceptions, have significant drug interactions

For Trexyl (terfenadine) and astimizan (astemizole), cases of serious cardiotoxic side effects have been described.

if the drugs are used incorrectly, dizziness, nausea, skin flushing, and gastrointestinal reactions are possible;

Individuals with renal and liver problems should be selective about drugs in this group.

The use of the latest generation of antihistamines is justified for all groups of the population without exception during long-term treatment of allergic diseases - atopic dermatitis, year-round allergic rhinitis, atopic syndrome, chronic urticaria, contact dermatitis and others.

The best antihistamines today are Zyrtec (cetirizine) and Claritin (loratadine). The safe profiles of these medications are ideal for all age groups, especially children, as they reduce the risk of progression of allergic manifestations in the future.

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I finally found the answer to a question that has been bothering me for a long time.

I have long noticed that during exacerbations of seasonal allergies, all these expensive and sophisticated antihistamines of the latest generation, which can be taken only once every 24 or even 48 hours, for some reason help me much worse than the budget diazolin. I thought that it was a matter of individual characteristics of the body, but it turned out that several friends had the same situation. It turns out that first-generation drugs are better at stopping acute attacks, and the latest generation drugs are more suitable for treating chronic allergies? But even during a period of short-term allergies, you don’t really want to drink handfuls of pills and nod off at work... Well, this is another confirmation of the common truth that for a competent prescription you need to contact a specialist.

I’ve been using Claritin as an antihistamine all my life, and I’m completely satisfied with it - it relieves symptoms quickly, doesn’t make me sleepy, I drink it calmly while driving. Of course, there are now more fashionable and new means, for example, zodak, but I am somehow inclined to trust a time-tested remedy, and why change something that already helps? In general, of course, first of all it is necessary to identify the allergen itself, and, based on this, build a treatment regimen, and it is better, of course, after consulting with a specialist...

In the spring I had atypical dermatitis, just like a burn on the skin of my neck and it itched ungodly, I walked around with a scarf around my neck so as not to scare people. For the first time in my life this happened. The allergen was never accurately identified ((yes, the doctors didn’t actually try. But they prescribed me Zyrtec, since I asked for a drug that would quickly relieve discomfort, and also so that I could drive a car calmly and not fall into drowsiness. The drug did an excellent job.

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Which antihistamine should I choose?

The modern pharmaceutical industry offers a large selection of antihistamines, usually used in the treatment of allergies or for their prevention, so many patients find it difficult to choose one or another antiallergic drug.

Despite this “medicinal abundance”, every year there are more and more patients suffering from hay fever, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, urticaria, allergic conjunctivitis, as well as diseases with an autoimmune component.

In all these conditions, there is an excessive release of biologically active substances such as histamine, tyramine, and various types of cytokines, which cause various clinical manifestations of allergies.

It was found that first-generation antihistamine drugs, used for more than half a century, block histamine receptors, thereby suppressing symptoms, but do not have the necessary effect on the sensitizing effects of allergens (the outcome of which is the production of specific antibodies).

Therefore, when severe manifestations of allergies have already developed, their effectiveness is low, and doctors prefer to prescribe third-generation antihistamines to their patients, which have a number of advantages and fewer side effects. However, first-generation drugs are still widely used in medicine if indicated.

First generation antihistamines

These drugs block peripheral and central H1-histamine-sensitive receptors, but do not have an additional antiallergic effect and have a sedative (hypnotic) effect of varying severity, which significantly narrows the indications for their widespread use.

Drugs in this group include:

They are part of many complex drugs prescribed mainly for colds (such as Coldrex, Fervex, Antigrippin, Efferalgam, etc.), as well as in the form of special lytic mixtures when carrying out premedication before therapeutic and diagnostic procedures, to enhance the effect of local anesthetics and analgesics during minimally invasive surgical operations, for example in dentistry, maxillofacial surgery, etc.

Also, alone or in combination with other drugs (as prescribed by a doctor), first-generation antihistamines are used:

• with the acute development of allergic reactions such as urticaria, anaphylactic shock, Quincke's edema,
• with episodic seasonal allergic reactions of the mucous membrane of the eyes (conjunctivitis) or nasopharynx (rhinopharyngitis),
• with the development of an acute allergic reaction to drugs and with serum sickness, with food allergies,
• for situational sleep disorders (but they are usually effective for no more than a week),
• to reduce dizziness and symptoms of motion sickness, seasickness, as well as diseases of the vestibular system accompanied by dizziness (Meniere's disease, labyrinthitis, etc.),
• locally (as part of ointments and gels) and orally for insect and other animal bites, burns, small cuts, acute urticaria and atopic dermatitis (fenistil, sonvetol and others).

Second generation antihistamines

Currently, these drugs are rarely used (they include ketotifen and its analogues), mainly for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (neurodermatitis) and bronchial asthma, since more effective third-generation drugs are available.

Third generation antihistamines

These drugs do not have many of the disadvantages of previous antihistamines: they have a certain selectivity of their effects, do not cause side effects on the nervous system, and do not interact with other drugs (like first-generation antihistamines). Therefore, they are recommended for use for long-term courses of antiallergic therapy and for the prevention of allergies.

They are most often prescribed for

• chronic atopic dermatitis,
• hay fever,
• chronic urticaria,
• contact dermatitis,
• bronchial asthma,
• autoimmune diseases,
• and also where it is necessary to maintain concentration, speed of reaction, clarity of thinking (for example, transport workers, dispatchers, operators and people of other professions).

Drugs in this group include:

Some features of the use of third generation antihistamines:

• The period of elimination of these drugs from the body lasts from 12 hours to one month (for example, astemizole), so such drugs should only be selected by a doctor, based on the characteristics of the patient’s disease.
• Some drugs in this group (astemizole and terfenadine) have a cardiotoxic effect and can, if the dosage is selected incorrectly, provoke attacks of arrhythmia, especially in combination with antibiotics, antifungals, antidepressants, as well as in the presence of kidney and liver diseases. Therefore, these drugs should only be prescribed by a doctor who takes into account their likely side effects.
• The most promising and non-toxic third-generation antihistamines are Claritin (loratadine) and Zyrtec (cetirizine), as they have no side effects, do not interact with other drugs, do not have a sedative effect and are well tolerated by patients of all age groups, including young children and pregnant women. Therefore, these drugs are sold in pharmacies without prescriptions and are recommended (if indicated) to be used to prevent allergic reactions.

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New generation antihistamines - list

Everyone has an allergic reaction from time to time, and some people suffer from allergies almost all the time, so new generation antihistamines are relevant for most people. Statistics show that the number of allergy sufferers is steadily increasing every year. This is due to the environmental situation and weakened immunity.

Today it is precisely established that allergens can be substances formed inside the body. They are called endoallergens or autoallergens

Antihistamines - what are they in simple words?

Antihistamines help fight allergies. They are medications that weaken the effect of histamine in the human body. Histamine is a special substance produced by the cells of the body’s immune system and designed to fight bacteria and viruses. But since an allergy is a “mistake” of the immune system, histamine does not bring any benefit, but acts on the receptors, causing swelling of the mucous membranes, redness and itching of the skin, etc. Antihistamines act on H1-histamine receptors and block them. Thus, histamine cannot influence the receptors, as a result of which the manifestations of allergies are reduced: itching, tearing, swelling of the mucous membranes, etc. are reduced.

There are several generations of antihistamines, each of which has its own differences. The first generation was created in the 30s of the last century and became a real breakthrough in the fight against allergies. After some time, second and third generation drugs were created.

Generations of antihistamines differ significantly from each other: they have different properties and side effects. This applies to drugs of three generations. 4th generation antihistamines are very conventional; most often this is an advertising ploy by manufacturers who want to emphasize the innovativeness of their products. Which ones are better? Let's take a look at the features of each category to choose the best antihistamines.

Drug treatment is a treatment aimed at reducing the risk of developing an allergic reaction, as well as eliminating the symptoms caused by the allergy.

1st generation antihistamines

This is the most common group of anti-allergy drugs that have a pronounced sedative effect: they cause drowsiness and calm. They are quite powerful and do not last long, usually 4-5 hours, can be found in any pharmacy, their price is quite low, and their quality and effectiveness are time-tested. The use of first-generation antihistamines lasts no more than 7-10 days, after this period addiction begins and the effectiveness of the drugs noticeably decreases. These drugs are prescribed after certain vaccines, in the treatment of skin diseases, as well as in case of an acute allergic reaction to a temporary external irritant.

Side effects of this group include:

• decreased blood pressure;
• increased appetite;
• cardiopalmus;
• discomfort in the stomach, vomiting and nausea;
• thirst, drying of mucous membranes;
• weakening of attention and muscle tone.

Drugs in this category should not be taken by people whose work requires high concentration. Below is a list of the most common and effective first generation medications.

• Suprastin. Available in ampoules and tablets, the active substance is chloropyramine. Used to treat angioedema, eczema, urticaria, allergic rhinitis, swelling of the mucous membranes. Also used to eliminate skin itching, incl. after an insect bite. Suprastin can be given to children starting from one month, but it is important to calculate the dosage. This remedy can be used at high temperatures, which are difficult to bring down, and also as a sedative for colds and viral diseases.

Suprastin should not be used during pregnancy and lactation.

• Diazolin. This is a fairly mild product that does not cause drowsiness and is suitable for long-term use. Diazolin can be used during pregnancy, with the exception of the first trimester, and is also suitable for children from two years of age. This product is available in the form of tablets, ampoules, and suspensions with various dosages.
• Fenistil. A very effective universal remedy that is used for all types of allergies. Causes drowsiness only in the first few days of treatment, then the sedative effect disappears. Can be used externally (gel) for insect bites. Suitable for children from 1 month (externally), it can be taken by pregnant women from the second trimester if their condition due to allergies causes serious concern. Available in the form of capsules, suspensions, tablets, gel.
• Fenkarol. An effective remedy, often used in the fight against seasonal allergies, as well as in blood transfusions. Prescribed to children from 1 year and pregnant women from the 2nd trimester (under medical supervision).
• Tavegil. One of the most powerful drugs with a long period of action (12 hours). Causes drowsiness. Available in tablets and syrup form, it is approved for children from 1 year of age. Pregnant women should not take this medicine.

Suprastin is prescribed for the treatment of seasonal and chronic allergic conjunctivitis, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, Quincke's edema, itching of various etiologies, eczema

Antihistamines 2nd generation

These are improved antihistamines that do not have a sedative effect and have a prolonged effect. You need to take them once a day, the use can be long-term, since these medications are not addictive. Their price is usually low. They are quite effective in treating skin diseases, eliminating Quincke's edema, and are used to alleviate chickenpox. These medications are not recommended for older people and those with heart disease. Below is a list of the most effective second generation products.

• Loratadine. An effective product available in the form of syrup and tablets. Helps fight allergies and their consequences - anxiety, sleep disturbances, weight gain. The medicine can be given to children from three years of age; pregnant women can take the drug in the second and third trimesters. In critical situations, the doctor may prescribe Loratadine up to 12 weeks of pregnancy.
• Rupafin. A fairly strong drug that is used in the treatment of skin allergic reactions. The product is safe, acts quickly, and the effect lasts throughout the day. It cannot be used during pregnancy; use by children under 12 years of age is also prohibited. During lactation, Rupafin can be taken only as prescribed by a doctor.
• Kestin. The most powerful drug in this group, the effect of which lasts for two days. Used in the most difficult cases, it quickly removes angioedema, relieves suffocation, and reduces skin rashes. At the same time, Kestin is toxic to the liver, so it cannot be taken systematically. It is contraindicated for pregnant women and children under 1 year of age.

Also effective second-generation drugs include Claritin, Zodak, Cetrin, Parlazin, Lomiran, Cetrizin, Terfanadine, Semprex.

Important! Long-term use (more than a month) of these drugs is dangerous without a doctor’s permission, especially for powerful drugs. Therefore, do not forget to consult a specialist.

If you have an individual reaction to the drug with the appearance of drowsiness, you should stop driving and postpone engaging in hazardous activities.

Antihistamines 3rd generation

Third-generation antihistamines are considered the newest, but, in fact, they are an improved version of the second generation. They have the same long-lasting effect, do not have a sedative effect, but are completely harmless to the heart and non-toxic to the liver. Thanks to these properties, they can be taken for a long time (for example, for seasonal allergies, psoriasis, bronchial asthma). These are the safest antihistamines for pregnant women, but you should still consult your doctor before taking them.

Important: Antihistamines during pregnancy can be dangerous in the first trimester, so you should consult your gynecologist. If there is a threat of miscarriage, then you should abstain from such drugs if possible. Antihistamines during breastfeeding also need to be discussed with your pediatrician. If powerful drugs are prescribed, it makes sense to stop breastfeeding for a while.

3rd generation antihistamines are considered the most powerful and fastest-acting. A list of the names of the best of them is given below.

• Telfast (Allegra). A new drug that not only reduces the response of receptors to histamine, but also suppresses the production of this substance. As a result, allergy symptoms disappear very quickly. It works throughout the day and is not addictive when taken for a long time. Children under 12 years of age and expectant mothers cannot use Telfast; it is also contraindicated during lactation.
• Cetrizine. This remedy is often classified as the fourth generation; in this case, the division into categories is very arbitrary. This is a drug of the latest generation, which begins to act almost instantly (20 minutes after administration), and you can take tablets once every three days. In the form of syrup, Cetrizine can be given to children from six months of age, but it is contraindicated for pregnant women. If the medicine was prescribed by a doctor during lactation, then feeding should be stopped for the period of treatment for allergies. This drug can be taken for a long time.
• Desloratadine. A strong antihistamine and anti-inflammatory agent. In therapeutic doses it is well tolerated, but if the dosage is exceeded, it can lead to headaches, dry mouth, rapid heart rate, and insomnia. It cannot be taken during pregnancy, but in critical cases (suffocation from bronchospasm, Quincke's edema) it can be treated under the supervision of a doctor.
• Xizal. Xyzal and its analogues are effective antihistamines for skin allergies and itching, seasonal allergic manifestations, urticaria and chronic year-round allergies. They have a prolonged effect and relieve allergy symptoms 40 minutes after administration. Xyzal is available in the form of drops and tablets and is safe for children over 2 years of age.

Also good third generation products include Dezal, Lordestin, Erius, Suprastinex.

When an allergen enters the human body, mast cells, which are found in almost all tissues, release biologically active substances, including histamine

Antihistamines 4th generation

Such drugs are a new word in the fight against allergies, since they are practically free of side effects, despite their high efficiency. They are not harmful to the heart, like most earlier antihistamines, do not cause drowsiness or addiction, and are easy to use (taken every 1-3 days). The only contraindication is pregnancy and early age of the child. As for the disadvantages of fourth generation antihistamines, this is the high price of the medicine.

The most popular and effective remedies of this generation:

• Fexofenadine. An effective remedy in the fight against all types of allergies, it is as safe as possible and has virtually no side effects. Available in tablets and syrup form, it can be given to children over 6 years old.
• Levocetrizine. A powerful remedy that is used to treat year-round and seasonal allergies, reduces the manifestations of conjunctivitis. It is non-toxic to the liver and heart, so it can be taken for months.

How to choose the best allergy remedy

The best antihistamines are not always the most expensive and modern; it is important to understand how relevant a particular drug is in a certain situation. For example, during an illness accompanied by insomnia or restless sleep, first-generation drugs will be preferable. They will eliminate allergy symptoms, and their sedative effect will be very useful. If an allergy has overtaken a person who does not want to get out of the usual rhythm of life, then he should pay attention to the newest metabolite drugs. In any case, before long-term use of the drug, you should consult your doctor, especially if you need to treat a child or a pregnant woman.

Source: http://simptom-lechenie.ru/antigistaminnie-preparaty-novogo-pokoleniya.html

The best antihistamines

The article provides a list of the best 1st, 2nd and 3rd generation drugs that can make life easier for people prone to allergies. After reading the entire article, you will be able to understand why some antihistamines are better than others. Find out which of them and why pregnant and lactating women should not take them. You can watch an interesting video on the topic of what antiallergic medications you should take with you when going on vacation.

Antihistamines - which ones are better?

Drugs that suppress histamine (the hormone that triggers allergic reactions in the body) come in different forms. They can be purchased at the pharmacy in the form of capsules, tablets, nasal spray and even eye drops. Antihistamines can cause serious side effects in the body, so some are sold only with a doctor's prescription.

Note! Only a doctor can answer the question of which antihistamines are best, and then on an individual basis, having familiarized himself with the characteristics of your body and identifying the allergen that worries you.

Currently, there are three generations of drugs that suppress histamine. They differ in their constituent components, effect and duration of impact on the body:

1. First generation: endowed with sedative properties (suppresses consciousness, calms, relieves irritability) and acts as a sleeping pill.
2. Second generation: has a powerful anti-allergic effect. Such drugs do not suppress consciousness, but can seriously disrupt the normal rhythm of the heart, which, if a person is inattentive to his health and drug inactivity, leads to death.
3. Third generation: active metabolites (product of bio-physical-chemical processing of 2nd generation drugs). The effectiveness of these drugs is more than 3 times higher than the effectiveness of 1st and 2nd generation antihistamines.

To choose the best medicine that can block the activity of histamine without disrupting the functioning of the main body systems, you must have an understanding of the main components of such drugs and the effectiveness of their effects. It is this topic that is addressed in the following sections of the article.

First generation drugs

The duration of exposure to antihistamines of this group is 4–6 hours, after which the patient must take a new dose of the medicine. The list of main side effects includes dry mouth and temporary loss of blurred vision. Let's consider popular types of drugs, different forms of release.

"Suprastin"

The drug contains the active component chloropyramine. The product is effective for common types of allergies, including seasonal and those caused by insect bites. "Suprastin" is prescribed from 1 month of life. After administration, the medicine begins to act after 15 - 25 minutes. The maximum effect is achieved within an hour and lasts up to 6 hours. The product helps stop gagging, is a moderate antispasmodic and has the ability to relieve inflammation.

"Suprastin" is sold in tablet form and as a solution in ampoules. It is recommended to take the tablets only with meals, which avoids irritation of the gastric mucosa. Injections are prescribed for prolonged allergies that cannot be cured with pills.

The approximate cost of the drug is 120 - 145 rubles. (available for free sale).

"Tavegil"

Another name for the soothing antihistamine is “Clemastine” (the active substance is clemastine hydrofumarate). The medicine is intended to alleviate allergies that may occur in response to pollen, pet dander, mosquito bites, or skin contact with a chemical. All these factors cause allergic symptoms (skin rash, sneezing, red eyes, nasal congestion). After taking Tavegil, the actions of histamine are blocked, as a result the mentioned symptoms disappear.

This type of antihistamine is a long-acting (long-acting) medicine. From the gastrointestinal tract the drug penetrates into the blood. After 2 hours, its maximum concentration in plasma is observed. After 5-6 hours, its antihistamine activity develops intensively, which can last 12-24 hours.

"Tavegil" can be purchased in the form of tablets, syrup and solution for injection. The price of the medicine starts from 120 rubles and depends on the form of release, as well as on the number of tablets or ampoules in the package. The product is dispensed without a doctor's prescription.

"Fenkarol"

Typically, this drug is prescribed to children and adult patients whose bodies do not accept other antihistamines due to addiction. Compared to them, Fenkarol has a less pronounced sedative effect (does not suppress consciousness), which allows it to be taken during working hours. The antiallergic drug proves its effectiveness in the treatment of allergies to pollen, drugs and food.

45% of the active component of the drug (hifenadine) penetrates into the blood 30 minutes after administration. After 1 hour, the maximum content of the active substance in the blood plasma is reached. The duration of its effect lasts no more than 6 hours.

In pharmacies, the medicine is sold in tablet and powder form, as well as in the form of an injection solution. You can buy Fenkarol for 260 - 400 rubles (the cost depends on the form of release and the quantity in the package). The drug is sold without a prescription.

Second generation drugs

Compared to the drugs described above, this group of histamine-suppressing drugs is much more effective, which is reflected in the following factors:

• Firstly, they do not cause drowsiness, do not cause stool problems, dry mucous membranes and difficulty urinating.
• Secondly, they do not affect mental and physical activity.
• Thirdly, they are not addictive, which allows them to be used for long-term treatment (over a year).
• Fourth, the duration of the corrective effect of the dose taken is 24 hours, which allows you to take the drug once a day.

Important! Taking 2nd generation antiallergic drugs should be accompanied by medical supervision, because This group of drugs acts as blockers of potassium channels of the heart (responsible for the excitability and rest of the heart muscle). For this reason, self-medication is dangerous.

"Claridol"

The product contains the active ingredient loratadine, which can cope with seasonal (caused by pollen, dampness) and year-round (caused by dust, animal dander, detergents) allergies. The drug is effective for allergies to mosquito bites and copes with the manifestations of pseudoallergic syndrome (the pathology is similar to allergies, but has other causes). It is also prescribed for the treatment of itchy dermatoses.

The medicine can be purchased in the form of syrup and tablets. The average cost in the pharmacy chain for Claridol is 90 rubles. (over the counter).

"Lomilan"

The active component of the drug is loratadine. This antiallergic drug is prescribed to patients to get rid of skin rashes, false allergies, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose and eyes. After 8 - 12 hours, after taking the tablets or syrup, the active substance enters the phase of maximum activity. The duration of its corrective effect in the body lasts 24 hours.

"Lomilan" is produced in tablets and in the form of a homogeneous (homogeneous) suspension. The average cost of Lomilan tablets is 120 rubles, the suspension is 95 rubles. Over-the-counter release.

"Rupafin"

The drug is made on the basis of the substance - rupatadine. The drug is prescribed for the treatment of runny nose and urticaria caused by allergies. Its active component quickly cleanses the skin of rashes, relieves itching, and makes breathing free. Rupatadine does not depress the central nervous system.

Peculiarity! “Rupafin” should not be taken with grapefruit juice, because the product increases the activity of rupatadine by 3.5 times. The human body will not be able to correctly perceive this factor, and this can result in serious consequences for it (the appearance of swelling, nausea and vomiting, disruption of the heart).

"Rupafine" is produced only in tablets (there are no other dosage forms), they are taken regardless of food intake (1 tablet, 1 time per day). The average cost of tablets in a pharmacy chain is 587 rubles. (available without a doctor's prescription).

III generation drugs

This group of antihistamines does not have a cardiotoxic (blocking potassium channels of the heart) or sedative (calming) effect, so the drugs can be prescribed to drivers, as well as people whose work requires increased concentration. The third generation of drugs is not addictive, which makes it possible to effectively treat both seasonal and year-round allergies.

"Fexadin"

The drug is prescribed to get rid of seasonal allergies and chronic urticaria. The active component of this antihistamine is fexofenadine hydrochloride, which, in turn, belongs to the active metabolites (bio-physical-chemical processing products) of terfenadine (2nd generation antihistamine).

The drug shows its effectiveness within 1 hour after administration. The maximum concentration of the drug in the blood plasma is observed after 6 hours. The duration of exposure to fexofenadine is 24 hours.

"Trexil"

The active component of this antiallergic drug is desloratadine. The substance blocks histamine receptors for 27 hours, so the medicine needs to be taken only once a day (5 - 20 mg). Trexil does not have a negative effect on the human central nervous system. Does not suppress consciousness or induce sleep.

An antihistamine can be purchased at a pharmacy without a prescription for about 89 rubles.

"Telfast"

The active ingredient of the drug is fexofenadine (the active metabolite of terfenadine - a 2nd generation histamine blocker). The medicine is available in tablet form, 30, 120 and 180 mg. The tablets are taken 1-2 times a day at the dose prescribed by the doctor. Fexofenadine quickly penetrates the blood plasma and blocks the production of histamine for 24 hours.

The cost of the antihistamine "Telfast" depends on the amount of active ingredient in one tablet and can range from 128 to 835 rubles.

If you are going on vacation, then watch this video material. In it, the allergist names the medications that you should put in your suitcase. You should not take the recommendations of a specialist lightly, especially if you are going to an exotic country where there are many new plants and delicious fruits that you have never tried.

Question answer

What antiallergic drugs can pregnant women take?

Usually these are Levocetirizine and Fexofenadine. During pregnancy and breastfeeding, you should only take medications prescribed by your doctor.

What harm can antihistamines cause to a pregnant woman and her fetus?

Particularly dangerous for women carrying a child are 1st generation antiallergic drugs, in particular Diphenhydramine and Diazolin, which can complicate the course of pregnancy (dizziness, increased fatigue, dry mucous membranes) and cause heart disease in the fetus.

What antiallergic drugs are prescribed to infants?

A child can be prescribed Zyrtec from birth (consultation with an allergist and pediatrician is required). The medicine is released in drops. The drug is contraindicated for premature babies and those whose mothers smoked during pregnancy.

Are antihistamines prescribed for chickenpox to relieve itching?

In this case, the most common drugs are Suprastin, Diphenhydramine and Tavegil. Please note that they do not use lotions and creams that contain these components, but medications in the form of tablets.

What tablets can be given to children with allergies for mosquito bites?

Be sure to consult a pediatrician and allergist about this. Zirtec and Suprastin are usually prescribed. If allergies are hereditary, doctors do not recommend that parents give their children the same antiallergic drugs that they themselves take.

What to remember:

1. There are 3 generations of histamine-suppressing medications.
2. The best anti-allergy medications are 3rd generation medications; when used correctly, they do not cause serious side effects.
3. Antihistamines are available in the form of tablets, syrup, injections and eye drops.
4. During pregnancy and breastfeeding, women should not take 1st and 2nd generation medications; their active ingredients pose a danger to the baby.
5. It is better to give anti-allergy medications to children as recommended by a doctor.

I was surprised by the price of Tavegil, only 120 rubles, thank you for such a recommendation. The doctor didn’t even tell me about it, she prescribed me some very expensive medications. And then I came across an article. Thank you!

Everything is clear, everything reads well. Thank you, I don’t even have anything to complain about, maybe only that I saw such an article too late. but the problem has been there for a long time.

I agree with you completely! We need to educate ourselves more about our bodies and medications. Be armed in everything. Great article. Nothing extra.

Very valuable article. I’ll show it to my friend, otherwise in the spring she no longer knew what to drink. And here everything is clear and understandable. Thanks to the author.

I prefer to use good old Suprastin. I don’t have any particular problems with allergies, so I don’t see any point in taking medications that can cause severe side effects.

Source: http://nashdermatolog.ru/lechenie/preparaty/luchshie-antigistaminnye.html

The most effective antihistamines for children and adults - a list of medications with instructions and prices

A small number of people are lucky enough to never experience an allergic reaction in their lives. Most people have to deal with them periodically. Effective antihistamines will help both adults and children cope with allergies. Such remedies help eliminate negative reactions in the body to certain stimuli. There is a wide range of anti-allergy medications on the market. It is desirable for every person to be able to understand them.

What are antihistamines

These are medications that work to suppress the action of free histamine. This substance is released from connective tissue cells that are part of the immune system when any allergen enters the human body. When histamine interacts with certain receptors, swelling, itching, and rashes begin. All these are symptoms of allergies. Drugs with an antihistamine effect block the above-mentioned receptors, alleviating the patient’s condition.

Indications for use

A doctor must prescribe antihistamines to you after making an accurate diagnosis. As a rule, their use is advisable in the presence of the following symptoms and diseases:

• early atopic syndrome in a child;
• seasonal or year-round rhinitis;
• negative reaction to plant pollen, animal hair, household dust, some medications;
• severe bronchitis;
• angioedema;
• anaphylactic shock;
• food allergies;
• enteropathy;
• bronchial asthma;
• atopic dermatitis;
• conjunctivitis caused by exposure to allergens;
• chronic, acute and other forms of urticaria;
• allergic dermatitis.

Antihistamines - list

There are several generations of antiallergic drugs. Their classification:

1. New generation drugs. The most modern medicines. They act very quickly, and the effect of their use lasts for a long time. They block H1 receptors, suppressing allergy symptoms. Antihistamines in this group do not worsen heart function, therefore they are considered one of the safest.
2. 3rd generation drugs. Active metabolites with very few contraindications. They provide quick, lasting results and are gentle on the heart.
3. 2nd generation drugs. Non-sedative medications. They have a small list of side effects and put a lot of stress on the heart. Do not affect mental or physical activity. Second generation antiallergic drugs are often prescribed for the appearance of rash and itching.
4. 1st generation drugs. Sedative medications that last up to several hours. They eliminate allergy symptoms well, but have many side effects and contraindications. Eating them always makes you sleepy. Nowadays, such drugs are prescribed very rarely.

New generation antiallergic drugs

It is not possible to list all the drugs in this group. It's worth taking a look at a few of the best ones. The following drug opens this list:

• name: Fexofenadine (analogues - Allegra (Telfast), Fexofast, Tigofast, Altiva, Fexofen-Sanovel, Kestin, Norastemizole);
• action: blocks H1-histamine receptors, relieves all allergy symptoms;
• advantages: it acts quickly and for a long time, is available in tablets and suspensions, is well tolerated by patients, does not have too many side effects, is available without a prescription;
• cons: not suitable for children under six years of age, pregnant women, nursing mothers, incompatible with antibiotics.

Another drug worthy of attention:

• name: Levocetirizine (analogues - Aleron, Zilola, Alerzin, Glencet, Aleron Neo, Rupafin);
• action: antihistamine, blocks H1 receptors, reduces vascular permeability, has antipruritic and antiexudative effects;
• pros: there are tablets, drops, syrup on sale, the drug works in just a quarter of an hour, there are not many contraindications, it is compatible with many medications;
• cons: a wide range of strong side effects.

The following new generation drug has also proven itself well:

• name: Desloratadine (analogs - Lordes, Allergostop, Alersis, Fribris, Edem, Eridez, Alergomax, Erius);
• action: antihistamine, antipruritic, decongestant, relieves rashes, runny nose, nasal congestion, reduces bronchial hyperactivity;
• pros: the new generation allergy medicine is well absorbed and works quickly, relieves allergy symptoms for a day, does not have a negative effect on the central nervous system and the speed of reactions, does not harm the heart, can be taken together with other drugs;
• cons: not suitable for pregnancy and lactation, prohibited for children under 12 years of age.

Antihistamines 3 generations

The following drug is popular and has many good reviews:

• name: Dezal (analogs - Ezlor, Nalorius, Elisey);
• action: antihistamine, relieves swelling and spasms, relieves itching, rashes, allergic rhinitis;
• pros: available in tablets and solution, does not give a sedative effect and does not affect the speed of reactions, works quickly and lasts for about a day, is quickly absorbed;
• cons: bad for the heart, many side effects.

Experts respond well to this drug:

• name: Suprastinex;
• action: antihistamine, prevents the appearance of allergic manifestations and facilitates their course, helps with itching, peeling, sneezing, swelling, rhinitis, lacrimation;
• pros: available in drops and tablets, there is no sedative, anticholinergic or antiserotonergic effect, the drug acts in an hour and continues to work for a day;
• cons: there are a number of strict contraindications.

The group of third-generation drugs also includes the following:

• name: Xyzal;
• action: pronounced antihistamine, not only relieves allergy symptoms, but also prevents their occurrence, reduces the permeability of vascular walls, fights sneezing, lacrimation, swelling, urticaria, inflammation of the mucous membranes;
• pros: sold in tablets and drops, does not have a sedative effect, is well absorbed;
• cons: has a wide list of side effects.

Antiallergenic drugs 2nd generation

A well-known series of medications is represented by tablets, drops, syrups:

• name: Zodak;
• action: prolonged antiallergic, helps against itching, flaking of the skin, relieves swelling;
• pros: if the dosage and rules of administration are followed, it does not cause drowsiness, begins to act quickly, and is not addictive;
• cons: prohibited for pregnant women and children.

• name: Cetrin;
• action: antihistamine, good for swelling, hyperemia, itching, peeling, rhinitis, urticaria, reduces capillary permeability, relieves spasms;
• pros: drops and syrup are available for sale, low cost, lack of anticholinergic and antiserotonin effects, if the dosage is observed, does not affect concentration, is not addictive, side effects are extremely rare;
• cons: there are a number of strict contraindications; an overdose is very dangerous.

Another very good drug in this category:

1st generation products

Antihistamines in this group appeared a long time ago and are now used less frequently than others, but nevertheless deserve attention. Here is one of the most famous:

• name: Diazolin;
• action: antihistamine, H1 receptor blocker;
• pros: gives an anesthetic effect, acts for a long time, helps well with dermatoses with itchy skin, rhinitis, cough, food and drug allergies, insect bites, is cheap;
• disadvantages: there is a moderately pronounced sedative effect, many side effects, contraindications.

• name: Suprastin;
• action: antiallergic;
• pros: available in tablets and ampoules;
• cons: pronounced sedative effect, the effect does not last long, there are a lot of contraindications and side effects.

The last representative of this group:

• name: Fenistil;
• action: histamine blocker, antipruritic;
• pros: available in the form of a gel, emulsion, drops, tablets, relieves skin irritation well, provides some pain relief, inexpensive;
• cons: the effect after use wears off quickly.

Allergy tablets for children

Most antihistamines have strict contraindications based on age. A completely reasonable question would be: how to treat very young allergy sufferers, who suffer no less than adults? As a rule, children are prescribed drugs in the form of drops, suspensions, and not tablets. Medicines approved for the treatment of infants and persons under 12 years of age:

• Diphenhydramine;
• Fenistil (drops are suitable for infants older than one month);
• Peritol;
• Diazolin;
• Suprastin (suitable for infants);
• Clarotadine;
• Tavegil;
• Cetrin (suitable for newborns);
• Zyrtec;
• Clarisens;
• Cinnarizine;
• Loratadine;
• Zodak;
• Claritin;
• Erius (allowed from birth);
• Lomilan;
• Fenkarol.

Mechanism of action of antihistamines

Under the influence of an allergen, the body produces excess histamine. When it binds to certain receptors, negative reactions are caused (swelling, rash, itching, runny nose, conjunctivitis, etc.). Antihistamines reduce the release of this substance into the blood. In addition, they block the action of H1-histamine receptors, thereby preventing them from binding and reacting with histamine itself.

Side effects

Each drug has its own list. The specific list of side effects also depends on which generation the product belongs to. Here are a few of the most common:

• headache;
• drowsiness;
• confusion;
• decreased muscle tone;
• fast fatiguability;
• constipation;
• disturbances in concentration;
• blurred vision;
• abdominal pain;
• dizziness;
• dry mouth.

Contraindications

Each antihistamine has its own list indicated in the instructions. Almost every one of them is prohibited for pregnant girls and nursing mothers. In addition, the list of contraindications for therapy may include:

• individual intolerance to components;
• glaucoma;
• stomach or duodenal ulcer;
• prostate adenoma;
• bladder obstruction;
• children or old age;
• lower respiratory tract diseases.

The best allergy remedies

TOP 5 most effective drugs:

1. Erius. A fast-acting medicine that is good for eliminating runny nose, itching, and rashes. It costs expensive.
2. Eden. A drug containing desloratadine. Does not have a hypnotic effect. Copes well with lacrimation, itching, swelling.
3. Zyrtec. A drug based on cetirizine. Fast-acting and effective.
4. Zodak. An excellent allergy medicine that instantly relieves symptoms.
5. Cetrin. A drug that very rarely produces side effects. Quickly eliminates allergy symptoms.

Price of antihistamines

All medications are available for purchase, and you can easily choose the one that suits you best. Sometimes they give good discounts on funds. You can buy them in pharmacies in Moscow, St. Petersburg and other cities, or order them delivered by mail from online pharmacies. For an approximate price range for antihistamines, see the table:

Name of medicine, release form, volume

Approximate cost in rubles

Suprastin, tablets, 20 pcs.

Zyrtec, drops, 10 ml

Fenistil, drops, 20 ml

Erius, tablets, 10 pcs.

Zodak, tablets, 30 pcs.

Claritin, tablets, 30 pcs.

Tavegil, tablets, 10 pcs.

Cetrin, tablets, 20 pcs.

Loratadine, tablets, 10 pcs.

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Reviews

Margarita, 28 years old

Since childhood, spring has been a terrible time for me. I just tried not to leave the house; there wasn’t a single photo of me on the street. When I got tired of this, I turned to an allergist. He prescribed me the drug Cetrin. Taking it, I walked calmly, without reacting to flowering plants or other irritants. There were no side effects from the drug.

Christina, 32 years old

I am allergic to household and other types of dust. The house is perfectly clean, but on the street or at a party only medications can save you. At first I took Erius, but the price of this antihistamine is steep. I replaced it with Desloratadine. It works the same, but costs much less. This medicine helps me very well, one tablet lasts for a day.

The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials in the article do not encourage self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and make recommendations for treatment based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

Source: http://sovets.net/11984-antigistaminnye-preparaty.html