How to properly treat sinusitis in adults

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How to treat sinusitis in adults?

Sinusitis is a widespread infectious disease; it is the most common disease of the ENT organs.

With timely detection of the disease and effective treatment, you can say goodbye to sinusitis forever.

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If the disease is neglected, it can threaten the inflammation becoming chronic and causing numerous complications (meningitis, swelling and abscess of the brain, inflammation of the optic nerve, thrombosis of the ophthalmic veins, otitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis and other serious diseases).

Sinusitis is an infectious inflammation in the maxillary (maxillary) sinus, affecting its mucous membrane. The disease can develop in one sinus (unilateral) or in both sinuses at once (bilateral). More often it is a complication after influenza or rhinitis.

Who gets sinusitis?

This disease is common among women and men of all ages. More often, it affects younger people who, due to their age, do not pay enough attention to their health. The disease develops more often in autumn, winter and early spring - during the season of respiratory diseases.

How does the disease spread?

The maxillary sinuses are cavernous air cavities on the sides of the nose, lined with a mucous epithelial membrane. When microbes enter and inflammation develops in them, this membrane begins to produce an increased amount of mucus. The resulting swelling prevents the natural removal of mucus, which leads to its stagnation - sinusitis develops.

Causes

The disease develops under the influence of microbes - viruses (parainfluenza, influenza, adenoviruses), bacteria (streptococci, staphylococci).

Reasons for their active reproduction:

  • Weakening of the immune system;
  • chronic rhinitis, pharyngitis, polyps, adenoiditis;
  • developing or untreated infections (flu, colds);
  • rotting teeth, especially the upper ones;
  • allergic diseases;
  • defects and curvatures of the nasal septum.

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Main symptoms in adults

First

  • Unpleasant sensations in the nose and surrounding areas;
  • the nose is stuffy, the sense of smell is impaired;
  • the temperature is elevated;
  • pain appears at the base of the nose, spreading to the forehead and teeth;
  • the eyelids become red and swollen.

Symptoms in acute course

In the sinuses, the mucous membrane, adjacent blood vessels and loose tissues become inflamed, symptoms appear:

  • Stuffy nose, difficulty breathing through the nose;
  • runny nose - lasting more than a week, in the form of clear mucus or yellow-green pus;
  • headache;
  • temperature rise to 38°C and above;
  • general weakness, loss of appetite;
  • Sometimes photophobia and increased lacrimation may develop.

Chronic course of sinusitis

Chronic - inflammation penetrates under the mucosa, affecting the bone base of the maxillary sinuses. It occurs with alternating periods of exacerbations, with severe symptoms, and remission, with virtually no symptoms. Its symptoms:

  • The cough is dry and appears at night when pus drains down the throat. This is the most pronounced symptom;
  • headache;
  • weakness;
  • stuffy nose, constant purulent discharge from it.

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Types of sinusitis

  • Purulent - the most common;
  • catarrhal - there is no pus, edema is highly developed. These are the two easiest types to treat;
  • allergic – as a result of exposure to an allergen;
  • hyperplastic – the mucous membrane grows;
  • atrophic – atrophy of the mucous membrane occurs as a result of disruption of the glands;
  • polypous - the mucous membrane grows, forming polyps. Treatment is only surgical.

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Diagnostic methods

  • Collecting anamnesis data - establishing the presence of symptoms;
  • clinical examination of the patient - swelling and inflammation of the nasal mucosa, the presence of purulent discharge are detected;
  • X-ray of the maxillary sinuses - inflammation is visible in the form of darkening, the most convenient, but not always accurate method;
  • diaphanoscopy - a beam of light is scanned through the mouth.

The final result is determined after examination by an otolaryngologist.

Differential diagnosis

  • Odontogenic sinusitis - characterized by the absence of swelling in the nasal cavity and pharynx, it is always one-sided;
  • fungal – characterized by a sluggish onset of the disease, irregular nasal discharge. They are finally differentiated on the basis of mycological examination;
  • cysts - determined by the results of an x-ray; their microscopy shows no epithelial cells;
  • malignant tumors - based on the results of histological analysis of the formations and contents of the sinuses.

Tired of constantly gargling your sore throat? Try inhalations for pharyngitis and forget about the disease!

Hoarse, constantly missing voice? It's laryngitis! How to treat laryngitis and avoid its relapses, read here.

How to treat sinusitis?

General rules

  • Maintaining fresh, humidified air in the room;
  • diet - exclude all sweets, fried and starchy foods;
  • warm, plentiful drink;
  • taking a complex of vitamins and microelements;
  • stopping smoking.

Acute course

It is usually carried out conservatively in order to ensure the removal of contents from the sinus. The following products are used as prescribed by a doctor:

  • Vasoconstrictor drugs - to relieve edema (galazolin, Nazivin, oxymetazoline);
  • antiseptic solutions - for nasal rinsing (chlorhexidine, decamethoxin, furatsilin);
  • local antibiotics - in the form of sprays (Isofra, Bioparox, Polydex) and drops;
  • systemic antibiotics - in the form of tablets and intramuscular injections for prolonged illness;
  • antihistamines - for allergies or severe intoxication and swelling (Erius, Zyrtec, Cetrin);
  • mucolytics (thinning) - for too viscous secretions (Sinuforte, Erespal, Rinofluimucil);
  • antipyretics – at elevated temperatures (amidopyrine, aspirin).

Treatment of mild illness

  • Drops for sinusitis - for a course of no more than three days;
  • local antibiotics - for bacterial infections;
  • physiotherapy;
  • nasal rinsing at home or in hospital:
  • thinning, antihistamine, antipyretic - if necessary.

Treatment of moderate to severe illness

A course of systemic antibiotics is added - as prescribed by a doctor in accordance with the type of infectious agent.

How to treat chronic sinusitis?

  • Nasal rinsing - regular, using mineral water, saline solution;
  • physiotherapy – in the absence of complications;
  • systemic antibiotics - in small doses, only if necessary as prescribed by a doctor;
  • avoiding contact with the allergen – in case of allergic sinusitis;
  • timely dental treatment – ​​for odontogenic sinusitis;
  • plastic surgery – for damage to the nasal septum.
  • Local antibiotics - weekly course;
  • mucolytics - to thin mucus and accelerate its elimination;
  • systemic antibiotics - for purulent sinusitis, injections or tablets as prescribed by a doctor;
  • surgical treatment - puncturing the sinuses, washing them with antiseptics and administering antibiotics;
  • Yamik catheter - allows you to get rid of the purulent contents of the sinuses without a puncture, and is one of the effective methods of treating sinusitis.

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Antibiotics for sinusitis

For severe bacterial infections, the use of an antibiotic is essential. The choice of antibiotic is made only by a doctor based on the results of identifying the pathogen. Penicillin drugs, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and tetracyclines are used.

The most effective for sinusitis are:

Along with systemic antibiotics, local antibiotics are used. Their use makes it possible to provide a high concentration of the drug directly at the site of inflammation and avoid most side effects. It is very convenient to use them in the form of sprays. The most effective:

Drops for sinusitis

The most popular drops are vasoconstrictors (Galazolin, Dlyanos and the like). But they do not cure the disease; they only temporarily make breathing easier. The danger of these drops is that constant narrowing of blood vessels can lead to just the opposite effect, leading from a simple runny nose to sinusitis. Therefore, such drops can be used only if necessary and for no more than 5 days in a row.

The main thing in treatment with drops is to ensure the removal of mucus and pus, avoiding stagnation. For this purpose, the following nasal drops have been developed and used:

  • Sinuforte is a natural remedy based on wild-growing cyclamen. Stimulates increased secretion of mucus, along with which microbes are removed from the sinuses. This is one of the most effective means;
  • Polydexa - based on the antibiotic neomycin. It has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, decongestant and vasoconstrictor effects.

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Physiotherapy

UHF - under the influence of an alternating field, small vessels dilate, blood circulation accelerates, immunity is stimulated, pain and inflammation are reduced;

UFO - ultraviolet treatment has an antiseptic, analgesic and immunostimulating effect.

Treatment at home

Traditional medicine is effective in treating this disease. Before using them, or if they are ineffective, you should consult your doctor.

Inhalations for sinusitis

  • Honey - breathe over hot water with several tablespoons of honey dissolved in it;
  • with propolis – a spoonful of propolis tincture per liter of boiling water;
  • decoctions of medicinal herbs;
  • boiled potatoes;
  • garlic

Warming up the area of ​​the maxillary sinuses

  • Salt - heated in a frying pan, in a bag, keep for 15 minutes;
  • clay - keep warm clay cakes for 1 hour;
  • chicken eggs - until they cool completely;

Tea mushroom. Gauze tampons are soaked in warm infusion of the mushroom and placed in the nostrils. The duration of the procedure is 7 hours, with tampons being changed every half hour. The course for acute sinusitis is 3 days, for chronic sinusitis – a week.

Onion. Crush the onion with the peel, wrap in cloth. Apply to forehead previously lubricated with cream for 5 minutes to remove mucus. The procedures are repeated every other day.

Nasal drops

  • Rosehip or sea buckthorn oil;
  • honey, eucalyptus tincture and brewed tea - mix a spoonful of each;
  • purified birch tar - instillation three times during the day, every other day.

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Prevention methods

Primary

  • Strengthening immunity;
  • hardening of the body;
  • a course of a vitamin complex during respiratory diseases;
  • refraining from hypothermia;
  • complete and timely treatment of infectious diseases;
  • refusal of vasoconstrictor drugs in the treatment of allergic rhinitis;
  • regular visits to the dentist.

Secondary

  • Regular physical and breathing exercises;
  • protection from contact with allergens;
  • correction of structural defects of the nasal septum.

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Forecast

For sinusitis, the prognosis is conditionally favorable. Correct and timely treatment can completely eliminate the disease.

Such a simple disease as rhinitis can develop into serious sinusitis, acute sinusitis, which can lead to dangerous complications. If you notice signs of sinusitis, a long, incurable runny nose, or discomfort in the nose and surrounding areas, you should seek help from an otolaryngologist as soon as possible.

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Do you have a question or experience regarding this issue? Ask a question or tell us about it in the comments.

I often had a stuffy nose. At first I chalked it up to a common cold. But the headaches became very frequent, and my nose couldn’t breathe normally. The ENT specialist sent me for an x-ray. It turned out I had sinusitis. He prescribed me antibiotics for inhalation and nasal rinsing. To relieve inflammation and remove phlegm, I also prescribed Sinorm balm. After a few days of treatment, mucus began to be coughed up. The nose began to breathe better. After 3 days, I had a repeat x-ray. Sinusitis was cured. So it’s better not to let the disease progress and consult a doctor on time.

I have been suffering from chronic sinusitis for a long time. I can already feel when the sinus inflammation begins. I’m not waiting, but starting treatment. I rinse with sea water in a spray from the pharmacy, and apply gel-based drops with antibiotics or Markov drops. It’s a pity that these drops only have a shelf life of 10 days. And if it’s really bad, then I also start taking antibiotics. But in 5-7 days, everything will almost return to normal))

Unfortunately, I had to deal with this terrible disease from personal experience, and I’ll tell you this - the main symptom here is one - an endless, very intense headache. Traditional painkillers save only partly and only for a while, and then everything starts all over again... Plus, there is constant nasal congestion. This is something that should immediately alert you... but the final diagnosis should, of course, be made by a doctor...

Source: http://www.pulmonologiya.com/lor-zabolevaniya/pazuhi/gajmorit/simptomy-gajmorita.html

Symptoms of sinusitis and treatment in adults at home

Sinusitis is a hidden disease, since the symptoms are very common and simple, so in the initial stages it is easy to confuse it with an ordinary acute respiratory viral infection or a runny nose.

The process of inflammation of the maxillary sinuses occurs unnoticed; the main thing is to recognize sinusitis in adults in time and begin treatment.

For this, antibiotics, folk remedies, drops, as well as nasal rinses with various solutions can be used at home. The choice of one method or another will depend on the symptoms of the disease.

Causes

The main condition under which the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses begins to become inflamed is a violation of their drainage.

As soon as the opening connecting the nasal passages and the cavity of the maxillary sinuses begins to narrow, the outflow of secretions from the cavities worsens. Even with slight swelling of the mucous membrane, which is observed with allergic reactions and rhinitis, drainage of the maxillary sinuses worsens and sinusitis may appear.

Main risk factors that contribute to the development of the disease:

  1. Difficulty in nasal breathing - due to enlargement of the nasal turbinates, vasomotor rhinitis, allergic diseases.
  2. Inadequate or untimely treatment of infectious, viral diseases - influenza, ARVI, tonsillitis, rhinitis.
  3. Chronic foci of infection in the nasopharynx - chronic tonsillitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis.
  4. Immune system disorders.
  5. Congenital or acquired anomalies of the nasal cavity.
  6. Allergic predisposition.
  7. Regular hypothermia.

There are three pathogens that can cause the disease:

  1. Viruses. They cause the common cold, in which the amount of mucus in the sinuses increases, thereby causing inflammation - a bacterial component can be added to it.
  2. Bacteria. There are several types of these microorganisms that are causative agents of sinusitis. These are Staphylococcus aureus, anaerobes, streptococci, pneumococci, as well as Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae.
  3. Fungi. They cause disease in people with a weakened immune system, as well as those with diseases such as AIDS, leukemia, and diabetes.

As a rule, the symptoms of the disease are pronounced in the acute course of sinusitis and are hardly noticeable in the chronic form of the disease.

First signs

The main signs of acute sinusitis in adults:

  • severe runny nose with copious discharge of mucus and pus;
  • breathing problems;
  • persistent, severe headaches;
  • increasing pain in the bridge of the nose, especially radiating to the head when bending over;
  • radiating pain to the eyes, teeth, forehead area;
  • constant weakness throughout the body;
  • chills, high temperature.

Without proper treatment of sinusitis in an adult, the symptoms of the disease can develop into a chronic form.

Symptoms of sinusitis in adults

With acute sinusitis, symptoms in adults arise suddenly, together with other signs of a cold - pain in the forehead, cheeks under the eyes, nasal congestion, which does not go away within a week. As a rule, acute sinusitis does not last more than a month.

We list the symptoms that are characteristic of sinusitis:

  1. Unpleasant sensations increase in the nasal area, which are accompanied by a headache. The pain is less in the morning and becomes stronger in the evening.
  2. Severe nasal congestion, sometimes with short periods of relief. Difficulty breathing and nasal voice.
  3. Yellow-green nasal discharge when blowing nose. If the outflow from the sinus is obstructed, then such a symptom may be absent.
  4. Decreased appetite and poor sleep, despite being very tired.
  5. Increased body temperature - appears in almost all cases of sinusitis.
  6. Weakness, drowsiness, loss of appetite are signs of intoxication. There may also be nausea. Vomiting is not typical. If you have a headache and vomiting that is not related to food, and before that a copious amount of snot came out of your nose, immediately seek medical help: this can be a rather dangerous complication of sinusitis - meningitis.

When the first signs of inflammation of the maxillary sinuses are detected, it is necessary to contact an otolaryngologist and begin treatment, since only timely therapy can destroy all links in the chain that causes the inflammatory process.

Symptoms of chronic sinusitis

Without treatment, acute sinusitis can often become chronic, when the symptoms of the disease become less pronounced and erased. Chronic sinusitis in adults can be suspected if the following symptoms are present:

  1. Decreased or complete loss of sense of smell.
  2. Constant nasal congestion.
  3. Headache on one side (with a history of acute sinusitis on this side one or more times).
  4. Soreness, dryness, sore throat when swallowing - these complaints are caused by chronic inflammation of the nasopharyngeal mucosa.
  5. Periodic pain in the infraorbital region. They are dull in nature and are rarely accompanied by fever and intoxication.
  6. Fatigue, decreased memory combined with decreased sense of smell.
  7. Cough for no apparent reason: This may be the only symptom. A cough occurs due to the fact that the pharynx is irritated by mucus constantly flowing from the sinuses.

With an exacerbation of the chronic stage against the background of colds, symptoms characteristic of acute sinusitis appear - headache, pain in the sinuses when tilting the head, increased body temperature.

The nature of snot in sinusitis

Currently, there are three main shades of snot that appear against the background of the development of sinusitis:

  1. Green snot indicates a strong inflammatory process in the maxillary sinuses.
  2. If green snot develops a yellow tint, we can confidently say that sinusitis is in the acute form of the disease and requires urgent intervention from specialists
  3. The appearance of white snot is observed at the initial stage of development of sinusitis.

At each stage of sinusitis, the color of the snot changes, thanks to which specialists, when carrying out diagnostic measures, can accurately determine the phase of the disease and prescribe correct and effective treatment.

Diagnostics

In order to determine whether the patient has sinusitis, the ENT examines the nasal cavity using a rhinoscope. After this, he is sent for an x-ray, which will show whether there is an accumulation of fluid or purulent secretion inside the paranasal cavities.

In severe cases, the patient may be referred for tomography, which allows one to evaluate pathological changes in the sinuses. To study the causative agents of sinusitis, a puncture may be performed.

Complications

Untimely or inadequate treatment of sinusitis leads to complications, the main of which are:

  • abscess of the eyelid;
  • phlegmon of the orbital tissue (leads to blindness);
  • otitis;
  • pneumonia;
  • brain abscess;
  • rhinogenic sepsis;
  • bronchitis;
  • inflammation of the meninges - rhinogenic meningitis;
  • diseases of the kidneys (pyelonephritis) and heart (myocarditis).

Treatment of sinusitis in adults

When symptoms of sinusitis are detected in adults, treatment can be carried out in two main ways, depending on the severity of the condition - this is a conservative and surgical method.

  1. With the conservative method, the patient takes an antibiotic and other general and local drugs.
  2. As for the surgical method, it is assumed that a puncture of the maxillary sinus will be performed.

Conservative therapy for sinusitis includes:

  1. Use of antibiotics.
  2. Local antibacterial therapy (drops, sprays, inhalations are used to eliminate swelling of the mucous membrane).
  3. Anti-inflammatory therapy.
  4. Rinsing the nose with antiseptics, for example, furatsilin.
  5. The use of physiotherapy (ultraviolet irradiation of the nasal cavity, exposure to a high-frequency magnetic field on the paranasal sinuses, etc.).

Treatment of sinusitis is aimed at:

  • elimination of swelling of the nasal mucosa;
  • timely evacuation of the contents of the maxillary sinuses;
  • relieving the inflammatory process;
  • normalization of nasal breathing;
  • preventing the development of dangerous consequences.

Medicines are selected taking into account the cause of the disease. These can be antibiotics, antivirals, vasoconstrictors, antihistamines.

What antibiotics to take for sinusitis in adults

Antibiotics treat sinusitis caused by bacteria and fungi. The viral form cannot be cured with antibiotics. However, viral sinusitis is often complicated by bacterial infections. The doctor, based on the patient’s condition, can immediately prescribe a broad-spectrum antibiotic even before the results of bacterial culture of nasal discharge.

In adults, preference is given to the following drugs:

  1. Amoxicillin. This antibiotic belongs to the penicillin group. If the patient has malignant blood tumors, is lactation, or is pregnant, this drug should not be prescribed.
  2. Macropen. This antibiotic has a very strong bactericidal effect and actively fights a variety of intracellular microorganisms. When taking it, a slight allergic reaction may occur, which is manifested by intestinal upset. It is not prescribed during pregnancy.
  3. Flemoxin solutab. An antibiotic from the penicillin group that fights aerobic bacteria.

The use of local antibiotics for sinusitis must be combined with the use of vasoconstrictor drops. For example, the drug Otrivin. Otherwise, the effect of treatment will be minimal. In the chronic form of the disease, the same drugs are prescribed, but for a longer period of time.

Surgery

Surgical treatment is started if conservative methods are ineffective. To remove contents from the maxillary sinus, a puncture is performed; based on the results of the examination of the discharge, further treatment is prescribed.

Fungi may be detected in the washing liquid; in this case, antibiotics are discontinued and antifungal treatment is prescribed. If anaerobic bacteria are detected, treatment of the sinuses with oxygen is prescribed.

Nasal rinsing

As a result of nasal rinsing at home:

  • swelling decreases;
  • breathing becomes easier;
  • inflammation is extinguished;
  • the protective properties of the nasal cavity are strengthened.

For rinsing, you can use not only furatsilin solution and salt water, but also infusions of herbs such as calendula, chamomile, eucalyptus and others. All of them have remarkable anti-inflammatory effects.

Treatment without puncture

  1. The main method is rinsing the nose using the Cuckoo apparatus. Over the course of 5-7 sessions, the nasal passages are cleansed of mucus and pus.
  2. Laser heating. As a rule, it complements rinsing procedures. The laser can relieve inflammation, destroy pathogenic microbes, and reduce swelling.
  3. The use of devices that create negative pressure in the maxillary sinuses, which has a beneficial effect on cleansing the nose.

How to treat sinusitis at home

You can get rid of illness by combining drug treatment and folk remedies. How to treat this disease at home? Here are popular recipes.

  1. The juice of Kalanchoe and aloe is actively used for sinusitis. The juice of the plant is mixed in equal proportions with vegetable oil, after which the resulting mixture is inserted with tampons into the nostrils. Relief comes quite quickly.
  2. Beets have a very strong antibacterial effect. By instilling a couple of drops of freshly squeezed beet juice into each nostril 4 times a day, you can get rid of sinusitis quickly and for a long time. Before starting the procedure, to get the best effect, you should rinse your nose thoroughly with saline. In case of a strong burning sensation, the juice can be slightly diluted with saline solution.
  3. Chop one fourth of the onion and place in a gauze bag. Use it to massage the area of ​​the bridge of the nose and nose. Repeat several times a day. They promise that the maxillary sinuses will be cleared of purulent contents in 10 days when using this simple recipe.

However, folk recipes cannot be considered as full-fledged therapy. They can only be used as an addition to the main course of treatment, only after prior agreement with the otolaryngologist.

Good to know:

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5 comments

An ENT specialist prescribed Cinnabsin to me when I saw the darkening in the picture. I felt terrible. My head hurt from a stuffy nose. The drug worked perfectly and I did not have to take antibiotics. Moreover, these tablets are completely natural. I took 2 tablets 3 times a day. Relief came after a few days. My nose began to breathe better and my headaches disappeared. My entire course of treatment lasted 10 days. I did not notice any side effects.

I have had a headache for 5-6 days now and the pain is constant. For 2 days I have been feeling some kind of unpleasant smell when I breathe through my nose. Tell me it’s a sore throat or something else.

We have been using Morenasal with chamomile for a long time for a runny nose and have not experienced grief. The cold goes away faster, there is no snot and it’s convenient that it’s dosed, the ENT specialist won’t give bad advice)

I also have sinusitis

A friend had sinusitis, she was treated with folk remedies, sprayed Aquamaster in her nose, used essential and vegetable oils, various procedures such as inhalations, and everything went away in two weeks, but you need to be treated persistently every day, and not wait for it to go away on its own...

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Source: http://simptomy-lechenie.net/gajmorit-u-vzroslyx/

Characteristic signs of sinusitis in adults and methods of its treatment

Causes

The disease most often provokes an untreated prolonged runny nose. Previous acute infection, vitamin deficiency, deviated nasal septum, hypertrophied nasal mucosa, allergies - all these factors contribute to the development of sinusitis. In young people, the cause may be adenoid growths.

In adults, an exclusively purulent form of chronic sinus inflammation occurs.

Symptoms

Signs of sinusitis in adults:

  • nasal breathing is difficult;
  • temperature rises;
  • sinus pain near the wing of the nose. Rarely do pulsating sensations appear in the projection of the sinus or on the cheek;
  • At the beginning, the discharge is scanty, flows from the affected side, and appears mainly in winter. A few days after the onset of the disease, abundant purulent discharge begins to appear, which is associated with a weakening of pain;
  • smells are perceived worse;
  • chills appear;
  • Night cough may bother you;
  • headache. It occurs more often in men than in women;
  • general health suffers;
  • all therapeutic and diagnostic manipulations in the nose cause pain.

Treatment

Treatment of acute sinusitis is associated with the removal of pus from the cavity and involves the use of drops and sprays, anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve symptoms of intoxication, physiotherapy and folk remedies.

Important! Treatment of chronic sinusitis largely depends on complex therapy, including medications, folk remedies, inhalations and physiotherapy. Antibacterial agents and surgery fade into the background.

The duration of drug treatment for acute sinusitis is about two weeks; in case of exacerbation of chronic sinusitis, treatment extends to a month.

Vasoconstrictors

By constricting blood vessels and relieving swelling of the nasal mucosa, these medications improve communication between the maxillary sinuses and nose, which allows thick mucus and pus to flow out. Therefore, the use of vasoconstrictor drops, including herbal-based preparations containing ephedrine, cocaine, and tannin, is justified.

These products are available in the form of drops, sprays, tablets, ointments and pastilles. They should be instilled 5 drops three times a day. Duration – one week.

Vasoconstrictor medications can be alternated with combination drugs that increase mucus secretion, thinning it - Rinofluimucil, Sinupret, with the anti-inflammatory drug Bioparox. The use of systemic vasoconstrictors is justified - Pseudoephedrine, Phenylpropanolamine.

Saline solutions

They are used at any stage of the disease and are compatible with any local medications. They eliminate the signs of sinusitis in adults - they clean the nose, thin and promote the removal of thick mucus, moisturize the mucous membrane, relieve inflammation, and sprays based on ocean water even disinfect.

  • Quicks;
  • Aquamaris;
  • Salin;
  • saline solution or alkaline non-carbonated mineral water.

You can prepare a saline solution at home yourself, add iodine and soda.

Mucolytics

Helps to liquefy viscous sputum, thick pus, and cleanse inflamed sinuses. It is better to treat a runny nose with mucolytics containing carbocysteine:

Antibiotics

For the treatment of sinusitis, it is especially important that the maximum concentration of the antibiotic is at the site of inflammation, in a concentration that is detrimental to different types of bacteria. Therefore, to treat signs of sinusitis in adults, especially chronic ones, you can use spray and nasal drops: Bioparox, Isofra or Polydex.

Sinusitis with fever, recurrent, complicated, is usually treated with systemic antibiotics - tablets.

1st antibiotic

It is customary to start treatment with Amoxicillin; it is better to choose modern drugs with the addition of clavunate - Amoxiclav and Augmentin. The Dutch drug Flemoxin Solutab has proven itself well during clinical trials.

2nd antibiotic

If Amoxicillin is ineffective or there are contraindications, signs of sinusitis in adults can be neutralized with 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones:

3rd antibiotic

If the listed drugs are ineffective or an allergic reaction occurs to them, treatment is carried out with macrolides - Azithromycin (Sumamed, Sumalek), Roxithromycin. They are more expensive, but have a shorter list of side effects and higher effectiveness in treating symptoms of sinusitis in adults. Roxithromycin is even used to treat pregnant women.

If, while using an antibiotic, the symptoms of the disease do not go away within the first two days, you need to use another antibiotic or use two.

Antibiotics of choice

It is also effective to treat with tetracyclines:

If sinusitis appears due to chronic inflammation of carious teeth (pulpitis) of the upper jaw, then it should be treated with Lincomycin and Fuzidine sodium. Taking one of these antibiotics must be combined with Trichopolum.

For mild to moderate disease, treatment in adults is carried out by taking the drug orally. In severe cases, drugs can be injected into a vein. ENT doctors note the effectiveness of using antibiotics to rinse the nasal cavity using the “cuckoo” method.

When antibiotics are not needed

The disease can be treated without antibiotics if the nasal discharge is mucous, free of pus, the painful symptoms are minor or absent, the person’s condition is satisfactory and allows work as usual. A mild form of the disease can be treated with homeopathic medicines and folk remedies.

Antifungal

With long-term use of strong antibacterial drugs, the reproduction and growth of fungus and yeast is activated, so antifungal agents are always additionally prescribed:

Herbal preparations are effective, modern, and have no contraindications. Relieve inflammation, prevent relapses of the disease, moisturize and heal the nasal mucosa. Used at any stage of the disease in any form. Can be used as an independent medicine or combined.

Hormones

They relieve inflammation perfectly and cause virtually no adverse reactions. Available in the form of drops and spray. It is recommended to use Dexamethasone.

Carefully! Hormones are contraindicated during exacerbation of chronic sinusitis in purulent form. They contribute to the development of fungal infections, which are difficult to treat.

Anti-inflammatory

Headaches, muscle pain, and symptoms of intoxication can be relieved with painkillers:

To reduce the temperature it is recommended to use:

  • Paracetamol;
  • Ibufen;
  • Aspirin (approved for adults).

Puncture

The puncture is carried out according to strict indications with the removal of mucus from the sinus and the introduction of medicine into it. The introduction of an enzyme medicine helps to liquefy the pus - the antibiotic and antiseptic neutralize bacteria, and hormones relieve inflammation. Puncture is the best method for treating chronic sinusitis.

Currently, there are many effective antibiotics that allow you to avoid psychologically difficult, painful puncture.

If the symptoms of the disease do not go away, and purulent discharge appears even after the 8th wash, it is recommended to treat the disease surgically.

Surgery

Puncture for sinusitis

If drops and tablets do not eliminate the symptoms of the disease, frequent and severe exacerbations are observed, then the question of surgical treatment is raised.

The manipulation is performed under local anesthesia. A hole is made on the surface of the pump through which a thin polyethylene tube is inserted and attached (the second option is that the tube is installed through an incision in the gum under the upper lip). Through it, medications are injected into the sinus. Surgical opening of the sinus is performed only in adults.

Photodynamic therapy

A method from the latest advances in medicine. Its essence lies in the introduction of a photosensitizer after the sinuses have been previously cleared of mucus and pus. After two hours, the sinus walls are irradiated with a laser. Before and after administration of the photosensitizer, the sinus is washed with saline solution.

The method has been clinically tested on Russian patients. It promotes complete release of the maxillary sinus from pus, shortens the duration of treatment, and prevents recurrences of the disease.

Traditional methods

Folk remedies are not contraindicated for adults; they are ideally used at home and do not require financial costs. And most importantly, they complement each other perfectly, working together and eliminating the symptoms of the disease, bringing recovery closer. Folk remedies have been tested by time and entire generations of people.

Recipes for traditional inhalations

  • boil the potatoes in their jackets, crush and breathe in the steam until the potatoes have cooled;
  • breathe over chopped onions or garlic before going to bed;
  • add a spoonful of propolis tincture per liter of hot water;
  • add soda to the sea salt solution;
  • dilute a little “Star” balm in hot water.

Folk nasal drops

  • mix aloe juice and honey in equal proportions;
  • onion juice diluted half with water;
  • Kalanchoe juice;
  • mix aloe juice, onion juice, honey and Vishnevsky ointment in equal quantities. Apply the resulting slurry to a cotton ball and place it in your nose for 10–15 minutes. Store the product in the refrigerator.

You can prepare oral medications at home

  • chopped horseradish with lemon;
  • tea made from chamomile, linden, sage, eucalyptus leaves;
  • radish salads, grated radish with honey.

Currently, there are many different treatment methods used depending on how sinusitis manifests itself. Their regular complex use improves the prognosis of the disease.

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  • Medicines (32)
  • Treatment (9)
  • Folk remedies (13)
  • Runny nose (41)
  • Other (18)
  • Rhinosinusitis (2)
  • Sinusitis (11)
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Sinusitis - signs, symptoms and treatment in adults, causes, exacerbation of the disease

Sinusitis is a type of sinusitis that is characterized by inflammation of the maxillary sinus (maxillary sinus). The name of the disease comes from the name of the sinus, the defeat of which causes the disease (the maxillary sinus in medicine is called the maxillary sinus; these sinuses are located on both sides of the nose, just below the eyes). The inflammatory process affects one or both maxillary sinuses.

Sinusitis can develop at any age, including in children. The incidence of sinusitis increases significantly during the cold season and can occur in various forms. When the disease develops, the inflammatory process covers both or one maxillary sinus. In this article you will learn about what the symptoms of sinusitis may be and how to treat it.

Causes

Experts believe that the main reason for the formation of pathology is the presence of bacterial or viral agents in the maxillary sinuses. During the autumn-winter period, the immune system is weakened and the body is susceptible to the penetration of bacteria that can provoke illness.

The maxillary sinuses are located in the thickness of the bones of the upper jaw closer to the nasal passage and have a volume of about 30 cm³. They secrete a secretion that moisturizes the nasal passages, protecting them from dust, allergens and pollution.

The causes of sinusitis can be different. For example:

  • congenital disorders of the anatomy of the nasal cavity (deviated septum, enlarged nasal turbinates);
  • allergic diseases;
  • prolonged stay in a room where the air is too dry and heated to a high temperature;
  • being in a draft;
  • previous influenza or acute respiratory viral infection;
  • weakening of the immune system;
  • mechanical damage to the nasal septum (any physical impact, trauma, etc.);
  • growth of polyps and adenoids;
  • dangerous diseases such as tuberculosis, fungal infection of the mucous membrane, radiation sickness, tumors, etc.

The incidence of sinusitis is very high. Among diseases of the ENT organs they occupy first place. According to statistics, about 10 million people get sick in Russia every year.

Types of sinusitis

Sinusitis can be catarrhal or purulent. In catarrhal sinusitis, the discharge from the maxillary sinus is aseptic in nature, while in purulent sinusitis it contains microflora.

In the photo you can see: unilateral and bilateral sinusitis

Depending on what caused the onset of sinusitis, there are several types:

  • Varieties according to the degree of coverage distinguish between unilateral and bilateral sinusitis;
  • depending on the presence of inflammation in one maxillary sinus or both;
  • according to the nature of the disease: acute, subacute and chronic sinusitis;
  • Depending on the cause, sinusitis can be: viral, bacterial, fungal, traumatic.

Most often, both sinuses become inflamed, so bilateral sinusitis is most common. However, there are cases when the left or right sinus becomes inflamed, depending on this they distinguish between left-sided and right-sided.

Any type of sinusitis is dangerous to human health. Because it can become chronic or cause a more serious illness. If characteristic symptoms of sinusitis occur, it is necessary to begin treatment to avoid serious consequences.

Symptoms of sinusitis in adults

Often adults exhibit the following symptoms of sinusitis:

  • Weakness;
  • Constant nasal congestion;
  • Cough;
  • Chills;
  • Chronic courses of tonsillitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis;
  • Fever;
  • Pain syndromes that radiate to the forehead, teeth, nose. Pain sensations depend on which side the maxillary sinus is inflamed and filled with pus. The head may hurt on the right side or on the left.

One of the symptoms of sinusitis is inflammation of the mucous membrane. The photo above shows how the air circulation in the sinuses is blocked due to the swollen mucous membrane.

Signs of acute sinusitis

Acute sinusitis indicates that the infection develops quickly (over several days) and spreads throughout the body in a short time. Characteristic clinical symptoms of mild acute sinusitis are:

  • difficulty breathing through the nose;
  • mucous discharge, in rare cases mucopurulent;
  • impaired sense of smell;
  • slight pain in the forehead or projection of the maxillary sinuses.

Acute sinusitis of moderate and severe course is characterized by:

  • general intoxication;
  • fever of 38ᵒC and above;
  • intense headache;
  • severe pain in the projection of the sinuses;
  • swelling of the eyelids and soft tissues of the face.

In moderate and severe cases of the disease, there is a risk of developing intracranial complications.

Symptoms of the chronic form

Chronic sinusitis in remission occurs with mild symptoms. Patients are usually concerned about:

  • slight weakness, fatigue;
  • intermittent headache without clear localization;
  • nasal congestion, as a result of which the sense of smell is impaired;
  • pain and sore throat when swallowing, caused by the irritating effect of mucus flowing from the inflamed sinus along the back wall of the throat;
  • Often, especially in the morning, patients' eyelids swell and conjunctivitis appears.
  • some swelling in the area of ​​​​the projection of the sinus onto the face.

When chronic sinusitis enters the acute stage, the patient’s well-being worsens:

  • they note severe weakness,
  • slight increase in temperature (usually no more than 37.5–37.7 C);
  • The discharge changes its color most often a week after the exacerbation of the disease, it becomes yellow and sinusitis turns into a purulent form.
  • The headache becomes more intense, especially when tilting the head forward, and a feeling of heaviness appears in the head.

Due to blockage of the mucous glands in chronic sinusitis, true cysts and small pseudocysts of the maxillary sinus often form.

Allergic sinusitis

It is characterized by a paroxysmal course with unexpected nasal congestion, itching, frequent sneezing and copious discharge. Quite often the disease occurs as a bilateral lesion. The following symptoms are characteristic of allergic sinusitis:
  • headache;
  • copious nasal discharge;
  • chills, as well as a general deterioration in health;
  • tension and pain in the sinus area;
  • purulent mucous discharge from the nose is noted;
  • Photophobia may occur;
  • itching in the nose.

Viral

The disease is asymptomatic in most cases (or rather, mixed with the symptoms of the underlying viral infection), although in some cases the following are noted:

  • Headache;
  • Putrid odor from the mouth;
  • Cough with mucous discharge;
  • Fever;
  • Toothache (upper jaw);
  • Decreased sense of taste or smell.

Bacterial

Bacterial sinusitis usually begins after a cold or runny nose. Feeling worse, weakness occurs, and temperature rises. Pus or light yellow mucus with an unpleasant odor is discharged from the nasal passage on the affected side. There is a feeling of nasal congestion and heaviness inside it. These symptoms are especially aggravated when tilting or turning the head.

Fungal

Usually occurs as a result of colonization of the mucous membrane by bacteria such as pneumococcus, streptococcus, staphylococcus against the background of weak body resistance. Depending on the type of inflammatory agent, the color of nasal discharge can vary from yellow to dark green. The main symptoms that accompany it:

  • the appearance of white-yellow, white cheesy, jelly-like or even brown and black nasal discharge;
  • sometimes - bloody streaks in the discharge;
  • cyanosis of the nasal mucosa;
  • swelling of the nose;
  • severe difficulty in nasal breathing;
  • nasal congestion becomes permanent;
  • recurrent headaches;
  • pain in the teeth, in the upper jaw;
  • loss of smell.

The appearance of temperature during sinusitis

A prerequisite for the development of sinusitis is the addition of bacterial flora (most often it is Haemophilus influenzae and pneumococcus), so with sinusitis there is almost always a temperature.

A high temperature during sinusitis is an indicator of the characteristics of its form, and not just a sign of the disease itself.

Temperature usually indicates the presence of an inflammatory process. To eliminate the source of infection, it is necessary to destroy the environment favorable for the proliferation of pathogenic organisms. Thus, a mandatory stage of restorative therapy is the removal of purulent mucus, which is carried out mainly by rinsing.

Basically, the temperature will depend on the stage of the disease, its etiology and the body's resistance.

  1. With acute purulent sinusitis, in most people the temperature rises to degrees. That is, the rise figures depend on the severity of the disease and the body’s immune response.
  2. With an exacerbation of chronic sinusitis, the temperature, if it rises, is not very high. It can stay at 37-37.5 degrees.

You should try to normalize the temperature when it has reached 38-38.5 degrees, which can already harm the body. If the fever is lower, the body should be given the opportunity to devote its strength to fighting the infection, which begins to die during such a temperature.

In any case, remember that antipyretic drugs, like any other, for sinusitis should be prescribed exclusively by a doctor. Only well-chosen treatment will achieve eradication of the pathogen and complete recovery.

Exacerbation

The fact that this is sinusitis cannot be immediately understood, since the disease tends to be hidden behind various other diseases. Characteristic symptoms most often make themselves felt when the disease worsens. The main complaints of patients with exacerbation of inflammation are:

  • Pain in the sinus area, which intensifies when chewing, tilting the head sharply, or sneezing.
  • Discharge from the nose mixed with pus.
  • Severe nasal congestion, which can cause headaches and fatigue.
  • A slight swelling of the skin over the jaw, which is accompanied by pain when pressed.
  • Increase in body temperature to 38 degrees.
  • Change in voice timbre, nasality.

Diagnostics

Sinusitis is diagnosed and treated by ENT doctors; the diagnosis is made based on complaints and examination, as well as x-rays of the paranasal sinuses. Diagnosis of sinusitis begins with a general examination, including:

  1. studying the patient’s medical history (previous colds, results of recent laboratory tests, etc.);
  2. examination of the nasal cavity;
  3. physical examination, in which the doctor palpates the area around the nose, above and below the eyes to determine the presence of tenderness and its intensity.
  4. general blood test, which includes counting all types of blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets), determining their parameters (cell sizes, etc.), leukocyte formula, measuring hemoglobin levels, determining the ratio of cell mass to plasma
  5. X-ray of the paranasal sinuses. To clarify the diagnosis, as a rule, an X-ray examination is prescribed. With sinusitis, the image shows a darkening in the area of ​​the maxillary sinuses - the accumulation of mucus in the cavities does not allow x-rays to pass through.
  6. CT scan of the sinuses. The situation is more complicated in the chronic form of the disease: computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses is needed to identify a foreign body, polypous process, cysts and other changes. The examination of the sinuses is carried out within 5 minutes and is absolutely painless. This method involves the use of X-rays on the area being examined.
How to find out whether you have sinusitis or not on your own? Try to tilt your head down and hold for 3-5 seconds; usually with sinusitis there is a strong feeling of heaviness, pressing on the bridge of the nose and the eye area. Raising your head, the discomfort usually subsides, disappearing completely after a while. Of course, this is an approximate diagnosis; only an ENT doctor can establish the correct diagnosis.

Treatment methods for sinusitis

In the treatment of sinusitis, the most effective is an integrated approach. Its goal is to suppress the infectious focus in the sinus and improve its drainage. Non-invasive, painless methods of treatment in combination with drug treatment lead to complete recovery and prevent the transition of inflammation to a purulent, acute, chronic stage.

When the process worsens, comprehensive treatment should be carried out, the goals of which are to restore normal nasal breathing and destroy the causative agent of the disease. Mild acute sinusitis tends to resolve on its own. No special treatment regimens are used. Treatment is symptomatic. Apply:

  1. Anti-inflammatory medications – to combat common symptoms of inflammation.
  2. Vasoconstrictor drugs - to improve the natural communication of the sinuses with the nasal cavity.

To reduce swelling of the mucous membrane and restore normal ventilation of the sinuses, local vasoconstrictor drugs (sanorin, galazolin, naphthyzin, otilin, nazivin) are used for a period of no more than 5 days. In case of significant hyperthermia, antipyretic drugs are prescribed; in case of severe intoxication, antibiotics are prescribed. You can avoid adverse side effects and achieve a high concentration of the drug at the site of inflammation by using topical antibiotics.

With advanced inflammation, the outlet of the maxillary sinus is blocked by thickened accumulations of mucus and pus. Depending on the severity of the inflammation, the patient may only need one puncture of the maxillary cavity, followed by cleansing of pus and washing the sinuses with medicinal solutions.

  • Treatment for chronic sinusitis

The main goals of treatment are aimed at:

  1. Reducing inflammation in the sinuses;
  2. Restoring the patency of the nasal passages;
  3. Elimination of the cause of chronic sinusitis;
  4. Reducing the incidence of sinusitis.

The patient must be prescribed antibiotics, local rinsing of the sinuses with antiseptic solutions, antihistamines and vasoconstrictor nasal drops.

It is very important to get rid of the proliferation of microorganisms; for this, antibacterial drugs are used - Cefix, Cefodox, Ceftriaxone, Moxifloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Gatifloxacin.

If a doctor prescribes antibiotics, it is important to complete the entire course. Typically, this means that you will have to take them for a period or more - even after the sinus symptoms have gone away. If you stop taking them early, symptoms may return.

Drug therapy

Bacteria that provoke the development of sinusitis are quickly suppressed by tetracycline and penicillin antibiotics. They cause the death of bacteria. Next, you will learn about tablets that help with sinusitis.

Basically, for sinusitis, doctors prescribe the best antibiotics of the tetracycline and penicillin groups, which can destroy the walls of bacterial cells, causing their death. Their advantages include:

  • Wide spectrum of action;
  • Stability in the stomach environment;
  • A small number of side effects;
  • Minimum side effects.

Effective antibiotics include:

You need to remember that if a large amount of pus has accumulated in the maxillary sinuses (purulent sinusitis occurs) and it is not removed, the effect of the antibiotic will be weakened. In addition, the effectiveness is slightly reduced if there is swelling of the sinuses.

It is important to know that all of the above remedies relieve symptoms within 1-2 days after the start of treatment. But you should not stop taking antibiotics just because the patient feels much better. This way, sinusitis can become chronic, and antibiotics will lose their ability to destroy or inhibit infectious bacteria.

It should be remembered that throughout the entire period of treatment (especially if sinusitis is contracted during the cold season), the patient should wrap his face high with a scarf to prevent hypothermia. The full course of therapy for an acute process can last up to 2 months.

Nasal drops

Only a doctor who constantly monitors the patient should decide which drops to treat sinusitis. There is no need to use drops for sinusitis and sinusitis for more than 6 days. According to doctors, they are addictive if used longer than the specified time.

There are several types of nasal drops for the treatment of sinusitis. These groups include:

  1. Vasoconstrictors
  2. Anti-inflammatory Drops with antibacterial action
  3. Herbal nasal preparations
  4. Antihistamine drops
  5. Sea water drops
  6. Complex drops.
  • for patients with sinusitis over 12 years of age, the dosage is increased to 2 drops into the nasal passage, also three times a day;
  • spray 0.1% is used for children over 6 years of age, as well as for adults - in each nasal passage up to 3 times a day.

Puncture of the maxillary sinus

In advanced cases, when traditional methods do not help, a puncture is performed. Puncture of the maxillary sinus is considered an operation, although not a particularly complicated one. Piercing the nose for sinusitis helps not only to alleviate the patient’s well-being, but also to finally recover from such an unpleasant illness

Indications for puncture for sinusitis are as follows:

  • Traditional treatment methods have not produced a therapeutic effect and the patient’s condition is only getting worse.
  • Nasal congestion is accompanied by severe headaches, aggravated by tilting the head forward.
  • An unpleasant odor emanates from the patient's nose.

Puncture of the nasal sinuses for sinusitis is carried out using a special Kulikovsky needle. Before this, the patient is given a fairly strong painkiller. A syringe is attached to the needle and the sinus is washed with it, thus removing its contents (pus, blood or mucus).

Washing is done with several types of solutions: antiseptic and decongestant. Then a special long-term medication is injected into the sinus to further combat the disease.

The selection of postoperative treatment must be carried out by the attending physician, and strictly individually.

Surgical treatment of sinusitis

In severe cases, surgery is necessary. But surgery is only recommended in cases where other treatment options have failed. These methods include:

  • Correction of the nasal septum (septoplaty) is a surgical operation to correct a deviated nasal septum. The purpose of the operation is to improve nasal breathing;
  • Radioturbation of the nasal concha;
  • Partial or complete removal of the nasal mucosa (conchotomy) is an operation that involves removing the nasal turbinates. Another name for this operation is turbinectomy. Surgery is necessary when it is determined that enlarged turbinates are the cause of impaired nasal breathing, chronic rhinitis and inflammation of the paranasal sinuses (chronic sinusitis);
  • Removal of nasal polyps (polypotomy). The essence of the method is that the structure of the polyp sharply loses fluid under the influence of the laser. “Evaporation” of polypous tissue occurs, i.e. its reduction.

The surgical intervention aims to create a permanent connection between the nose and the maxillary sinus. Radical surgery is used for severe forms of sinusitis.

Nutrition for sinusitis

Products that should be in the diet for sinusitis:

  • Freshly squeezed juices especially from carrots, beets, spinach and cucumber. Juices from these vegetables can be drunk either individually or in the form of a cocktail. For example, in proportions 3:1:2:1.
  • Herbal teas based on chamomile, string, St. John's wort, tea rose and others. Warm drink and steam from a cup moisturize the mucous membranes, facilitate the outflow of mucus and breathing through the nose.
  • Natural mineral water - maintains normal mineral-water balance in the body, improves blood composition, increases the body's resistance.

As the severity of clinical symptoms decreases (with successful treatment of acute sinusitis), a three-component basic diet is recommended. The diet should consist of three food groups: seeds, nuts and grains, vegetables and fruits.

Washing

The procedure for cleansing the sinuses and nasal cavity significantly reduces swelling of the mucous membrane, tones the capillary system, and also improves the immune functions of the epithelium, which in turn begins to fight the problem on its own. The main function of nasal rinsing is not only to remove stagnant mucus, but also to restore the full natural process of its removal.

  1. Before you start rinsing your nose with the solution, you need to relieve congestion with vasoconstrictor agents. After 10 minutes, you can begin rinsing;
  2. A popular method of rinsing is using a syringe or syringe without a needle. But it is more convenient to rinse the nose with a special device called a jala neti teapot, or using a special nasal syringe purchased at a pharmacy;
  3. Tilting your head to the side, you need to insert the device into the nostril and begin to pour liquid into it. Then you need to slowly tilt your head to the other side for the solution to come out. The same action is repeated with the second nostril.

The most common are rinses with drugs - saline solution and sea water; also often used:

Is it possible to warm your nose if you have sinusitis?

Sinusitis does not go away on its own or just from warming up, so under no circumstances should it be started. And even a common runny nose must be treated, since the likelihood of it turning into acute and then chronic sinusitis is quite high.

Sinusitis should not be treated with heating at the acute stage of its development. Heat leads to increased swelling, congestion will not go away, it will only increase. It is heat, acting on purulent inflamed areas, that activates the process of pus coming out. But the sinuses are blocked, and the movement of pus will be in a completely different direction: the infection will spread to the teeth, ears, eyes, and brain.

As you can see, the possibility of using warming depends on the stage of the disease and the characteristics of its course in a particular patient.

In general, if you are not sure whether it is possible to warm your nose during sinusitis at your stage, you should contact a specialist to avoid various kinds of complications. After all, prompt and correctly selected treatment will give extremely positive results.

What happens if sinusitis is not treated: consequences and complications for humans

This disease should be considered a very insidious disease. Symptoms begin suddenly. The patient complains of poor general health: weakness, drowsiness, high body temperature. The main complaint is headache and purulent nasal discharge, so you definitely need to understand that sinusitis is dangerous.

Complications after sinusitis can be divided into two large groups. The first group includes negative consequences that are associated with the ENT organs and the respiratory system.

Among them we can distinguish such pathological processes as:

  • Transition from acute to chronic;
  • Inflammatory phenomena in the pharynx and tonsils;
  • Bronchitis and pneumonia;
  • Spread of sinusitis to other sinuses;
  • Inflammation of the middle ear (otitis).

Complications from other organs:

  1. Meningitis. A very serious complication of chronic sinusitis is inflammation of the soft membranes of the brain and spinal cord, i.e. meningitis. The disease can be acute (symptoms appear within a couple of hours from the onset of the disease) or be sluggish.
  2. Sepsis. Sinusitis can lead to sepsis. When too much pus accumulates, it leaks out of the sinuses and spreads throughout the body. It often enters the bloodstream, which causes sepsis.
  3. Osteoperiostitis. Limited inflammation of the bone and periosteum of the orbit, clinically usually diagnosed as periostitis. It can be located in any department and can be either non-purulent or purulent in nature, up to the formation of an abscess.

Always treat illnesses on time, consult a doctor and do not forget about an annual preventive examination.

Prevention

Immunologists say that it is imperative to prevent sinusitis during a runny nose, since people with this symptom are especially susceptible to developing this disease.

For this reason, experts strongly recommend that during the autumn-winter period, people with weakened immune systems consume as many vitamins as possible, and sometimes the use of special medications, mainly vitamin complexes, is allowed to prevent sinusitis in adults.

Sinusitis in adults often occurs against the background of other diseases, so to prevent it, you should be treated in time and avoid factors that provoke colds:

  1. Treat teeth immediately when signs of a problem appear.
  2. Brush your teeth 2 times a day.
  3. Treat allergies.
  4. Wash your hands after going outside and before eating.
  5. Don't get too cold.
  6. Carry out wet cleaning regularly.
  7. Get vaccinated.

On frosty days, make sure that the indoor air is not only warm, but also humidified. It is recommended to place a vessel with water next to the battery - this will be enough to prevent the climate from becoming dry. After all, this can lead to drying of your nasal mucous membranes, which can trigger the onset of the disease, because in winter we suddenly go from a warm room into the cold.

If it is still not possible to avoid sinusitis, it is necessary to begin treatment immediately so that the disease does not become chronic. It is extremely difficult to cure chronic sinusitis: the disease will return again and again after any cold or the slightest hypothermia. To prevent this from happening, acute sinusitis should be completely cured.

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Thank you! Very useful information for me. I'm sure not only for me.

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