Chronic tonsillitis symptoms in adults

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Chronic tonsillitis in adults

The author of the article is Olga Petrovna Chuklina, general practitioner, therapist. Work experience since 2003.

Chronic tonsillitis is manifested by a protracted inflammatory process in the tissues of the palatine tonsils.

Table of contents:

Causes

In the human body, the palatine tonsils are part of the lymphoid ring of the pharynx; they participate in the formation of the immune response when exposed to various pathogens.

When an infection enters the mucous membranes of the tonsils, a series of immune reactions are triggered in them, the end result of which is the destruction of the harmful bacteria. But if infectious attacks are prolonged and frequent, then the tonsils may not be able to cope with the load. They accumulate bacteria and form a focus of chronic inflammation.

The cause of the formation of chronic tonsillitis may be:

  • the presence of foci of chronic infection in the body - sinusitis, rhinitis, otitis, adenoids, dental caries, stomatitis, pharyngitis;
  • frequently recurring respiratory diseases;
  • the presence of a deviated nasal septum;
  • immunodeficiency states, primary and acquired;
  • untreated sore throat.

Chronic tonsillitis is caused in most cases by streptococci, rarely by staphylococci, chlamydia, and mycoplasma.

Contributes to the development of the disease:

  • frequent hypothermia of the body;
  • alcohol abuse;
  • smoking;
  • poor nutrition.

It is customary to distinguish two forms of chronic tonsillitis:

The compensated form is characterized by the fact that the patient has only local changes in the tonsils. The basic function of the tonsils is not yet affected.

And for the decompensated form, it is characteristic that the patient, in addition to local symptoms, also develops general symptoms of the disease. This is explained by the development of general intoxication as a result of the action of toxins produced by bacteria. Complications develop - the tonsils no longer perform their main function of protecting the body.

Manifestations of chronic tonsillitis

Chronic tonsillitis occurs with periods of remission and periods of exacerbation.

During the period of remission, the patient may have the following symptoms:

  • discomfort in the throat;
  • feeling of a lump in the throat;
  • slight pain in the morning;
  • bad breath;
  • plugs on the tonsils;
  • small accumulations of pus in the lacunae.

Also, in addition to the signs of tonsillitis itself, there may be symptoms of concomitant diseases - chronic pharyngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis.

With the development of the decompensated form, the following symptoms appear:

  • increased fatigue;
  • general malaise;
  • headache;
  • prolonged low-grade fever (temperature stays around 37 degrees).

In addition, signs of complications may appear.

The most common complication in the decompensated form of chronic tonsillitis is a peritonsillar abscess.

It begins as a sore throat, but later the patient cannot swallow or open his mouth at all. There is pronounced swelling of the pharyngeal tissue. The patient requires urgent medical care and hospitalization.

Exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis can be triggered by hypothermia, an acute respiratory viral infection, or drinking cold drinks or food.

With the development of exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis, signs of tonsillitis (acute tonsillitis) develop:

  • a sharp increase in body temperature to febrile levels (39-40 degrees);
  • intense sore throat;
  • regional lymph nodes enlarge;
  • purulent plaque appears on the tonsils;
  • There may also be purulent follicles on the mucous membrane of the tonsils.

Diagnostics

If signs of the disease appear, you should consult an otolaryngologist.

The doctor will take a thorough history and conduct a complete examination of the patient.

When examining the throat (pharyngoscopy), there are characteristic signs for chronic tonsillitis:

  • tonsil tissue is loosened;
  • there are areas of compaction (scar tissue);
  • roller-like thickening of the edge of the palatine arches;
  • slight hyperemia of the edge of the palatine arches;
  • presence of caseous plugs;
  • when pressing on the lacunae of the tonsils, creamy pus may be released;
  • with long-term processes there may be adhesions and scars on the tonsils.

Be sure to take a smear from the tonsils and swabs from the oral mucosa. Research helps to identify the pathogen and select the necessary antibacterial drug.

A general blood test may show signs of inflammation (an increase in the number of leukocytes and an increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate - ESR).

Treatment of chronic tonsillitis

When treating a compensated form and in the absence of complications, conservative treatment is carried out.

If the patient has signs of decompensation of chronic tonsillitis and complications develop, then surgical intervention may be required.

First of all, measures are taken to strengthen the body's defenses - proper nutrition, reduction of bad habits.

If there are concomitant diseases, which are also sources of constant infection, they need to be cured:

  • mandatory sanitation of the oral cavity - treatment of inflammatory diseases (caries, stomatitis);
  • treatment of sinusitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis.

For the conservative treatment of chronic tonsillitis, the following methods are used:

  1. Washing the tonsils. During the procedure, the contents of the lacunae are removed, and then the tonsils are treated with antiseptic solutions.
  2. Lubricating the mucous membranes of the tonsils with medications. To carry out this procedure, Chlorophyllipt, Lugol's solution, and Propolis are most often used.
  3. Gargling with solutions of Miramistin, Chlorhexidine, Furacilin, herbal decoctions.
  4. Irrigation of the throat with sprays and aerosols - Stopangin, Hexoral, Ingalipt, Kameton.

Physiotherapy is also common:

Treatment with antibacterial agents is indicated for the development of exacerbations and complications. It is carried out strictly as prescribed by the doctor. Self-medication with antibiotics can worsen the patient's condition.

Antibiotics with a broad spectrum of action are used:

Treatment with immunostimulating drugs is carried out after consultation with an immunologist.

Surgical treatment is carried out in the presence of strict indications:

  • the presence of exacerbations more than three times per year;
  • development of complications of chronic tonsillitis;
  • if conservative treatment is ineffective.

Tonsil removal

Tonsillectomy is performed using a laser or scalpel.

This method is preferred. When performing laser removal, it is possible to remove the tonsils not completely, but only the affected areas.

Laser removal is also painless and takes about 30 minutes.

Laser tonsillectomy can be performed without hospitalization of the patient.

Severing the tonsils with a scalpel

Removing the tonsil with a scalpel is more traumatic; blood loss is observed during the operation; the duration is about 1.5-2 hours. Hospitalization of the patient is mandatory.

Contraindications to surgical treatment are:

  • active tuberculosis;
  • diabetes;
  • acute viral and infectious diseases;
  • pregnancy;
  • renal failure;
  • cardiovascular diseases;
  • hemophilia;
  • period of menstruation.

Complications of tonsillitis

The following complications may develop with chronic tonsillitis:

You can avoid the development of complications if you start treatment for chronic tonsillitis in a timely manner.

Prevention

Prevention of the development of chronic tonsillitis includes compliance with the following measures:

  • maintaining a healthy lifestyle;
  • rejection of bad habits;
  • balanced diet;
  • avoiding hypothermia;
  • timely and complete treatment of acute inflammatory diseases.

Diagnosis by symptoms

Find out your probable illnesses and which doctor you should go to.

Source: http://www.diagnos.ru/diseases/lorr/hronicheskij__tonzillit

Symptoms of chronic tonsillitis in adults

Acute tonsillitis is one of the most common pathologies in the field of otolaryngology. The reason for the development lies in the frequent acute inflammation of the tonsils, as a result of which optimal conditions are created for the transition of the disease to the chronic stage.

Most often, of course, the pathology affects children, but adult patients quite often seek help from a doctor. The danger of chronic tonsillitis is that it can be hidden and cause a number of complications.

Symptoms and signs

If we consider the general manifestations of tonsillitis, which occurs in a chronic form, then these include:

  • painful sensations in the throat that are permanent;
  • pain in the tonsils;
  • swelling in the nasopharynx;
  • presence of plugs in the throat;
  • sore throat that occurs due to food and cold water;
  • high temperature may not decrease for a long time;
  • bad breath;
  • general malaise.

In addition, a characteristic symptom of tonsillitis is pain that takes on a pulling character and aches in the joints. Under certain conditions, tonsillitis can manifest as shortness of breath.

In the photo this is what chronic tonsillitis looks like

Symptoms of different types of disease

If we talk about the simple form of chronic tonsillitis, it is accompanied by minor symptoms. An adult patient may experience the following clinical picture:

  • Presence of a foreign body when swallowing;
  • pain, stabbing in nature, in the throat;
  • halitosis;
  • rise in temperature;
  • inflamed and enlarged tonsils.

Since the chronic form of tonsillitis can occur in two stages - remission and exacerbation. So, the presented symptoms should be attributed to the exacerbation stage. But for remission, all of them are either weakly expressed or completely absent.

Chronic tonsillitis is accompanied by a protracted period of recovery. It is characterized by malaise, fatigue, weakness and a slight rise in temperature.

The chronic form of inflammation can be of two types, depending on what influenced its development - bacteria or viruses.

On video: chronic tonsillitis in adults:

The following clinical picture is typical for viral tonsillitis:

  • a rare rise in temperature to the degree mark;
  • symptoms of general poisoning: muscle weakness, joint pain, dizziness, dyspeptic symptoms;
  • visual enlargement of the tonsils;
  • swelling of the nasal mucosa, resulting in the formation of mucus with great intensity;
  • increased lacrimation, which is of allergic origin.

For viral sore throat, standard antibacterial treatment will not be effective, and all manifestations of the pathology will disappear after 7 days.

If this does not happen, then it means that a secondary bacterial infection is occurring. This occurs due to weakened immunity.

But this article will help you understand how to use Miramistin for sore throat, and how effective this remedy is.

It will also be interesting to learn about how to treat a throat with soda and salt.

For those who want to learn more about the best way to gargle for tonsillitis, you should follow this link: http://prolor.ru/g/bolezni-g/tonzillit/chem-poloskat-gorlo-pri-xronicheskom.html

But this article will help you understand how to gargle with chamomile when you have a cold, and how effective this remedy is when used.

Manifestations of bacterial tonsillitis include:

  • a characteristic gray coating forms on the outer surface of the tongue;
  • the inflammatory process affects the mucous membrane of the oropharynx and tongue, as a result of which they turn red;
  • lymph nodes concentrated on the back surface of the pharynx increase in size;
  • plugs with purulent contents form in the lacunae of the tonsil tissue;
  • temperatures rise to 38 degrees and above;
  • halitosis, which is the result of the proliferation of putrefactive bacteria.
Video shows signs of chronic tonsillitis in adults:

Acute tonsillitis in adults can be of several types, taking into account the appearance of the tonsils:

  • follicular - lymphoid tissue is affected by small formations;
  • lacunar – numerous films are formed on the surface of the tonsils;
  • diphtheria - films of a gray-yellow hue appear.

In adult patients, the clinical picture extremely rarely occurs against the background of a fungal infection. As a rule, such a disease is formed due to immunodeficiency. The following manifestations are characteristic of fungal inflammation:

  • absence of general manifestations of poisoning;
  • a white coating appears on the surface of the tonsils and mucous membrane;
  • if the film is removed, bleeding erosion is observed.

Diagnostics

Before adequate treatment is prescribed, the patient must undergo a series of diagnostic procedures. In general, diagnostics include:

  1. Pharyngoscopy. This is an external examination of the condition of the palatine tonsils and adjacent areas. This diagnostic method will allow you to determine the main symptoms of the pathology.

Photo: pharyngoscopy

To finally establish the diagnosis of chronic tonsillitis, the doctor is obliged to make a thorough assessment of all the complaints that the patient mentions, and then conduct a pharyngoscopy.

This article will help you understand why your throat and ear hurt on the left side, and what medications will help you cope with this problem.

What to do when the palate and throat hurt, and it hurts to swallow, and how to independently determine the causes of such a disease, is described in great detail in the contents of this article.

For those who want to see. what a throat looks like with a sore throat, you should follow this link and look at the photo.

But what to do when you are tormented by a dry cough, and what the main reasons for this may be, are described in great detail in this article.

Why a runny nose and throat occurs without fever, and which medications are the most effective, this information will help you understand.

Risk factors

Tonsillitis in adult patients is formed due to infection penetrating the tonsils. The causative agents of infection are bacteria. However, there are a number of viruses that also lead to the development of pathology. It is extremely rare that fungi and chlamydia can affect the formation of tonsillitis.

The following factors can influence the development of the chronic form:

  1. Constant sore throats.
  2. Impaired nasal breathing, which occurs due to such defects of the nasal cavity. Such as deviated septum, the presence of polyps, hypertrophy of adenoid vegetations.
  3. The occurrence of foci of infection in the oral and nasal cavities - caries, stomatitis, sinusitis, sinusitis.
  4. Decrease in the body's defenses.
  5. Frequent allergies, which can act as a cause or complication of the disease.

On video, the causes of chronic tonsillitis in adults:

Most often, the onset of chronic tonsillitis is associated with untreated sore throat. Moreover, the acute inflammatory process that affects the palatine tonsils does not undergo complete reverse development. It still continues, resulting in chronicity.

Chronic tonsillitis has mild symptoms. It is most pronounced during the period of exacerbation. For this reason, the goal of therapy is to prolong the period of relief as long as possible and prevent the formation of remission.

Source: http://prolor.ru/g/bolezni-g/tonzillit/xronicheskij-simptomy-u-vzroslyx.html

Chronic tonsillitis - symptoms and treatment in adults, dangerous complications

Today we will talk about chronic tonsillitis, its symptoms, causes and treatment options in adults (medical, surgical, folk), we will tell you on the website alter-zdrav.ru about complications and prevention of the disease.

What is tonsillitis

Chronic tonsillitis is a long-term inflammatory process of the tonsils, which periodically makes itself felt due to reduced immunity. Usually, first there is an acute process of the same sore throat (acute inflammation of the tonsils), or scarlet fever, diphtheria, measles. The source of infection in this case is the tonsils, which are not fully treated in the primary disease, the connective tissue of which grows, becomes loose, swollen, and purulent foci remain in the thickness of the tonsils.

They can cause infection of the entire body. At the time of exacerbation, there may be an increase in body temperature, a nagging pain in the throat, and purulent plugs in the lacunae. Also, sometimes the lymph nodes in the neck become inflamed.

Causes of tonsillitis

Tonsils play an important protective function in the body. They prevent the entry of pathogenic bacteria into the body, which provoke the development of infectious diseases. They also produce interferons - proteins that are responsible for protecting the body.

The main causes of tonsillitis include a number of diseases, for example:

  1. tuberculosis, measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria. These infectious diseases often provoke the development of chronic tonsillitis. Basically, this happens to people who do not treat them correctly, doing it on their own and carelessly.
  2. Tonsillitis can also develop against the background of poorly treated sinusitis and sinusitis. With these diseases, infection from the tonsils can spread to the entire body, which provokes a sharp decrease in immunity.

There are other factors in the development of tonsillitis. These include:

  1. professional activities associated with polluted air.
  2. bad environmental situation.
  3. excessive alcohol consumption and uncontrolled smoking.
  4. constant nervous tension and stressful situations.
  5. poor nutrition. Excessive consumption of foods enriched with fast carbohydrates. You need to give preference to fresh vegetables, fruits, grains and herbs.
  6. insufficient amount of fluid consumed per day. In this case, we mean clean water.

Symptoms of tonsillitis, photos

Often during an exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis, a person feels as if there is a small lump in the throat. Which prevents you from swallowing food normally. When visually examining the tonsils, you can see so-called purulent plugs or bacterial plaque on them. The tonsils, in turn, turn red, become inflamed, there is a soreness, a sore throat, there may be pain of varying intensity, a feeling of fullness. The back wall of the pharynx, the palatine arches, and the uvula swell, a nasal tone appears, but there is no runny nose.

The condition worsens when inhaling cold air, drinking cold water or consuming unheated food (I won’t say anything about ice cream at all!).

The most common symptoms of tonsillitis include:

  • - usually a slight increase in body temperature to subfebrile levels in the evening (37.1-37.3);
  • - general intoxication of the body, headache, irradiation of pain in the ear, neck;
  • - enlargement and pain of the submandibular and cervical lymph nodes;
  • - sometimes there are attacks of pain in the heart;
  • - general weakness, weakness;
  • - sometimes joint pain, aches, and torsion occur.

Diagnosis of chronic tonsillitis

To correctly diagnose tonsillitis, you need to take a referral from a doctor to undergo a bacterial culture. In the laboratory, doctors will take a smear from the tonsils in order to find out the true cause of the disease and detect its causative agent (streptococcus, staphylococcus, etc.).

Sometimes differential diagnosis with diphtheria is necessary.

Treatment of tonsillitis

The standard treatment regimen for chronic tonsillitis is conservative methods. Only in extreme cases are patients recommended to undergo surgery.

The most common methods are:

  1. - therapy with antibacterial drugs. For tonsillitis, specialists choose antibacterial drugs for each patient individually. It all depends on the type of bacteria that causes the disease. But there are cases when the patient’s condition is so severe that the doctor prescribes a broad-spectrum antibiotic without doing a bacterial culture. The course of treatment with an antibacterial drug (7-10 days) cannot be interrupted, otherwise complications may occur.
  2. - treatment of tonsillitis using cryotherapy. The essence of this method is to apply low temperature directly to the tonsils. Under its influence, the upper layer of the tonsils collapses, along with pathogenic bacteria. Over a short period of time, the upper layer of the tonsils is restored and the immune system is strengthened. The tonsils do not lose their functions. There is no pain during the cryotherapy procedure.

If you have the first symptoms of tonsillitis, you should seek help from specialists; only they will be able to prescribe the necessary and correct treatment. Otherwise, there is a risk of complications and undesirable consequences.

Sometimes Bronchomunal, IRS-19, Ribomunil, and aloe preparations are used to stimulate the immune system.

Treatment of tonsillitis with folk remedies at home

As for traditional methods of treating chronic tonsillitis, the first of them is washing the tonsils. However, this procedure is difficult and sometimes impossible to carry out at home. Need help from an experienced otolaryngologist. Although many chronicles, knowing about the effectiveness of this procedure, got the hang of doing it themselves. To do this, you will need a 20 ml syringe or syringe without a needle. Anti-inflammatory herbal infusion, Chlorophyllipt solution, Miramistin, Chlorhexidine, Furacilin and other antiseptics are poured into these auxiliary devices. Repeat 4-5 times a day.

The tonsils are also lubricated with Lugol’s iodine solution, iodine-glycerin, and Gramicidin.

Traditional medicine often recommends gargling based on natural ingredients. For example, currant juice, which must be mixed with lemon juice and honey. If the solution turns out to be too concentrated, you can dilute it with water. Among the preparations, you can rinse with 3% hydrogen peroxide.

From pharmaceutical herbs you can use chamomile, sage, oak bark, St. John's wort, calendula, yarrow, peppermint, wormwood and plantain. You can rinse with an infusion of crushed garlic in milk (stand for at least 2 hours), cranberry juice with honey, lemon juice with honey, slightly warmed carrot juice, or a weekly infusion of kombucha.

For those who are not allergic to bee products, propolis is recommended for use. It needs to be chewed several times a day. It disinfects the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and tonsils well. Increases the immune system's resistance to pathogenic bacteria and has a mild analgesic effect. You can use pharmaceutical spray Proposol.

You can use alcohol tincture of propolis (20 g per 100 ml of vodka), drink 25 drops three times a day with water.

Herbalists also recommend fresh sea buckthorn fruits (10 pieces), slowly chewing 3 pieces in the mouth. three times a day so that the juice irrigates the tonsils well. Before doing this, rinse out all the pus thoroughly. Treatment is long-term - from 1 to 3 months.

Fresh red beet juice helps draw out pus well - rinse up to 10 times a day.

Removal of tonsils for chronic tonsillitis - tonsillectomy

There is an opinion that if the tonsils are removed, the immune system will weaken and the body will become more susceptible to colds. But any experienced specialist will confirm that all organs in the human body are needed for its full functioning. Tonsils are no exception. They perform an important protective function in the body. However, when tonsillitis becomes chronic, the question arises of their removal. They increase in size and interfere with proper breathing and nutrition.

Previously, tonsil removal was recommended for every patient with chronic tonsillitis. Over time, medicine has improved, but many doctors remained unconvinced. They believe that tonsils are beneficial for children under 5 years of age. Further, they practically do not perform their natural functions.

Therefore, tonsil removal is recommended for the following categories of people:

  1. - those who experience severe complications due to chronic tonsillitis (rheumatism, liver and kidney dysfunction).
  2. - people who suffer from sore throat more than 4-5 times in one year.
  3. - for those for whom conservative methods do not help, there is hypertrophy of the tonsils of 3-4 degrees (accompanied by snoring during sleep, difficulty breathing during sleep, up to apnea).

Experts who do not adhere to conservative methods recommend a more modern method of treatment - medication. Pharmaceuticals today offer drugs that help relieve inflammation of the tonsils, thereby reducing their size.

Along with them, physiotherapy procedures are prescribed (inhalations, UHF, UV irradiation, ultrasound). This complex of treatment effectively reduces the risk of severe complications of tonsillitis.

Complications of tonsillitis

As doctors say: “The disease is not as terrible as its consequences.” Tonsillitis has a direct bearing on this. At the slightest disruption in the body during illness, autoimmune disruptions are possible. Which in turn can affect the functioning of the heart. There is also a risk of problems with the kidneys, liver, vascular system, and thyroid gland. There have been cases when tonsillitis caused complications in the form of diseases of the joints and even the eyes.

Rheumatism, pyelonephritis, cardiopathy, endocarditis, arthralgia, polyarthritis, and peritonsillar abscess develop quite often. In very severe cases - sepsis.

Prevention of chronic tonsillitis

Of course, the first rule for preventing tonsillitis, like many diseases, is maintaining personal hygiene. This applies to the cleanliness of hands, face, mucous membranes of the nose and mouth. An equally important link in this chain is fresh air in the room where a person spends most of his time. It is necessary to ventilate the room, office or any other place.

It is also very important to have a humidifier, or moisten it with damp towels hung on radiators. Otherwise, the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx dries out and cannot “work” normally. Salt caves are useful.

If the body is prone to frequent colds, it is necessary to rinse the nasal passages with salt water. You can buy it at the pharmacy or prepare it at home. To do this, you need to take 10 g of kitchen salt (sea salt would also be good) and dissolve it in 1 liter of boiled cold water.

It is worth curing carious teeth or inflammation of the gums, if any, a constant source of infection in the oral cavity provokes exacerbation of tonsillitis under any unfavorable factor (hypothermia, overwork, stress, etc.).

The next preventative measure for tonsillitis is proper, healthy nutrition. If the body is sufficiently saturated with vitamins, minerals and essential trace elements, the risk of colds and other respiratory diseases is minimized.

Not for everyone, but a method of hardening the body is also recommended. But it must be approached with special caution. For example, you can start by taking a shower in warm water. Then gradually reduce the temperature. When the body gets used to cold water, you can try dousing it outside. But such water procedures are not allowed for everyone. For example, they should not be performed on people with severe diseases of the heart and central nervous system.

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Source: http://alter-zdrav.ru/hronicheskij-tonzillit-simptomy-i-lechenie-u-vzroslyh/

How dangerous is tonsillitis and how to get rid of it? Symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Chronic tonsillitis is a very common ENT disease that occurs as a result of frequent inflammation of the tonsils. Chronic tonsillitis in adults occurs in 4-30% of cases. This prevalence of the disease, combined with the possible development of complications, indicates the danger of the disease and the relevance of its early treatment.

Tonsillitis occurs as a result of frequent tonsil diseases

What is tonsillitis

Tonsillitis is called inflammation in the area of ​​the tonsils, i.e. in the area of ​​the palatine tonsils, which occurs in acute and chronic forms.

Inflammation in the tonsils as a result of the disease occurs in acute and chronic forms

Acute tonsillitis is popularly called tonsillitis - it occurs in a recurrent form, in which inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa occurs sharply and frequently. The chronic form of the disease is sluggish - in it, inflammation can last up to three weeks with mild symptoms.

Chronic tonsillitis is more dangerous because can manifest itself several times a year, without causing any particular inconvenience or discomfort at first. Therefore, many patients at first do not even try to identify the cause of the manifestations of the disease, believing that everything will go away on its own. However, after some time, the symptoms begin to increase, and then you have to seek the help of a specialist and begin long and unpleasant treatment.

Note! The acute form of tonsillitis is called tonsillitis.

If treatment for tonsillitis is not started on time, serious complications may develop, which include:

  • Rheumatism;
  • Glomerulonephritis (autoimmune kidney disease);
  • Peritonsillar abscess;
  • Chronic intoxication of the immune system.

Chronic tonsillitis, the symptoms of which do not always make themselves felt, can cause the development of various pathological processes in almost all systems and organs. Due to disturbances in the neuro-reflex and endocrine regulation of the body, depression, menstrual irregularities, Meniere's syndrome, encephalopathy, etc. can occur.

Chronic tonsillitis is very dangerous for expectant mothers: during pregnancy, many women, faced with manifestations of the disease, do not attach due importance to them, and therefore do not begin treatment on time. However, the disease can seriously affect the baby’s health, because tonsils, which create a barrier to infection, become inflamed during tonsillitis and create a risk of microbes penetrating through the blood to the baby.

Therefore, at the first symptoms of the disease, pregnant women should immediately seek medical help. Untreated tonsillitis can lead to miscarriage, premature birth, and cause severe toxicosis.

Why does tonsillitis appear?

Inflammation of the palatine tonsils is based on an infectious lesion caused by staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, Candida fungi and other pathogenic microorganisms. Many such microorganisms live on the human tonsils. Healthy tonsils cope with pathogenic bacteria, but inflamed tonsils do not have enough strength for such a fight.

Note! The causes of tonsillitis are pathogenic bacteria that “live” on the human tonsils.

The cause of the disease is bacteria that live on the tonsils

The main reasons for the transition of tonsillitis to a chronic form:

  1. Untreated sore throat. Often the patient stops treatment and antibiotics as soon as the temperature drops and the sore throat subsides. In fact, the disease only subsides for a while and, if you do not completely stop taking antibiotics and strengthen your immune system by taking vitamins, tonsillitis will return with renewed vigor.
  2. Frequent pharyngitis. The patient often does not pay due attention to the appearance of pharyngitis, not even bothering to consult a doctor when it occurs. As a result, a pathological process develops, and the slightest weakening of the immune system and fatigue lead to the appearance of chronic tonsillitis.

Provoking factors for tonsillitis in adults:

  • Stress;
  • Reduced immunity;
  • Regular hypothermia;
  • Having bad habits;
  • Frequent overwork;
  • Incorrect diet with a reduced composition of vitamins;
  • Chronic pathologies of the digestive and respiratory organs;
  • Hereditary predisposition;
  • Deviation of the nasal septum;
  • Inflammatory processes of the ENT organs (sinusitis, adenoids);
  • Caries;
  • Formation of polyps in the nasal septum.

Stress can act as a provoking factor on the path to illness

Also, the appearance of tonsillitis can be caused by allergic reactions, which not only affect the progression of the disease, but also often cause complications.

Signs and symptoms

Chronic tonsillitis itself usually does not manifest itself in any way - you can often find out about the presence of the disease only during an exacerbation, when a diagnosis of “angina” is usually made.

Symptoms of chronic tonsillitis

Manifestations of the disease in chronic form are similar in symptoms to other diseases, and therefore they are not always paid attention to. The first alarming symptoms indicating the occurrence of tonsillitis may be the appearance of frequent headaches, decreased performance, weakness and general malaise. Such symptoms are associated with intoxication of the body by waste products of bacteria that have reached the tonsils.

Another, more pronounced sign is the appearance of a feeling of a foreign object in the throat. This phenomenon is explained by blockage of the palatine tonsils with large plugs, which is usually accompanied by the occurrence of bad breath.

Tonsillitis most often manifests itself with the following symptoms:

  • Sore throat;
  • Enlarged and painful lymph nodes;
  • Pain when swallowing"
  • Increased temperature;
  • Coughing up pus.

Unpleasant symptoms can appear from almost all human organs and systems, because pathogenic bacteria can penetrate from the tonsils to any place in the body.

  • Pain in the joints;
  • Allergic skin rashes that cannot be treated;
  • "Aches in the bones"
  • Weak cardiac colic, disruptions in the functioning of the cardiovascular system;
  • Pain in the kidney area, disruption of the genitourinary system.

Tonsillitis can manifest itself as joint pain

Symptoms of acute tonsillitis

Acute tonsillitis manifests itself depending on the form in which the disease occurs.

The catarrhal form is manifested by the following symptoms:

  • Migraine;
  • Pain when swallowing;
  • Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck;
  • General weakness;
  • Temperature rise to 38 degrees (or higher);
  • Dry and sore throat.

The follicular form is characterized by the following features:

  • Chills;
  • Loss of appetite;
  • The appearance of suppuration on the tonsils;
  • Severe headaches;
  • Swelling of the tonsils and surrounding tissues;
  • Loss of appetite;
  • Increased sweating;
  • Feeling of aches and general weakness.

The phlegmonous form manifests itself as follows:

  • Severe headaches;
  • Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck;
  • Sharp pain in the throat;
  • Bad breath;
  • General weakness and loss of appetite;
  • The appearance of nasality;
  • The occurrence of chills;
  • Increased salivation;
  • High temperature (over 39 degrees).

Tonsillitis caused by herpes viruses is accompanied by the appearance of herpetic blisters on the palatine tonsils.

Diagnostics

An otorhinolaryngologist or an infectious disease specialist can carry out an accurate diagnosis of the disease, as well as identify the degree of its activity, stage and form, based on general and local manifestations, objective symptoms, amnestic data, and laboratory parameters.

Tonsillitis manifests itself most clearly during exacerbations - then it is best to carry out diagnostics.

The doctor carefully analyzes the patient’s complaints, after which he performs pharyngoscopy - examination of the palatine tonsils and adjacent areas. Upon examination, you can detect the following signs of tonsillitis (see photo):

Pharyngoscopy can detect signs of tongillitis

  • Swelling and thickening of the edges of the palatine arches;
  • Fusion of the arches of the palate with the tonsils (and/or with the triangular fold);
  • Loosening of tonsils;
  • Increase in regional nodes;
  • Purulent plaque on the tonsils;
  • Redness of the anterior palatine arches.

Usually, to establish a diagnosis, a thorough analysis of the patient’s complaints and pharyngoscopy is sufficient, but sometimes the doctor may prescribe additional tests: a general clinical blood test, a bacteriological study of the secretions of the palatine tonsils, a biochemical blood test.

Treatment methods

Treatment of tonsillitis can be carried out in two ways: conservative and surgical. If 30 years ago specialists tried not to treat tonsillitis, but immediately resort to removing the tonsils, now doctors mainly use conservative treatment using modern medical technologies and medications.

Important! A prerequisite for treating tonsillitis is bed rest along with a gentle diet and plenty of fluids.

Conservative treatment

Chronic tonsillitis should be treated comprehensively - twice a year during remission.

How to treat chronic tonsillitis in adults:

  • Sanitation of foci of infection. Includes timely treatment of nasal diseases, dental diseases and other pathologies that are predisposing factors in the occurrence of tonsillitis. If necessary, surgical intervention is performed: straightening the nasal septum, removing adenoids, etc.
  • Local treatment. The lacunae of the palatine tonsils are regularly cleansed from pathological deposits. The tonsils are washed with a solution of chlorophyllipt, furatsilin, miramistin. It is better not to cleanse yourself, so as not to damage the mucous membrane of the throat.
  • Drug treatment. In some cases, antibiotics are prescribed for tonsillitis in adults: macrolides, penicillins, cephalosporins. This treatment is most often prescribed for purulent forms of tonsillitis, and the drugs are selected individually - depending on the stage of the disease, symptoms and sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics. To reduce allergic reactions, antihistamines are prescribed in parallel.
  • Strengthening the immune system. You should pay attention to proper rest, nutrition, and hardening activities. If necessary, prescribe immunomodulators of plant (aloe, echinacea, eleutherococcus, ginseng) or synthetic (interferon) origin.
  • Physiotherapeutic procedures. Physiotherapeutic procedures have a good effect in the treatment of tonsillitis: ultrasound, microwave, UHF, ultraviolet irradiation, electrophoresis, laser therapy. Physiotherapy is contraindicated in the presence of cancer, pregnancy, and decompensated diseases of internal organs.

When treating chronic tonsillitis, it is possible to take painkillers (for example, Nurofen) to relieve pain. For minor pain, there is no point in using such medications.

Antihistamines help reduce swelling of the tonsils and pharyngeal mucosa. The best proven drugs are Telfast and Zyrtec - they are safer, have a long-lasting effect and do not have a pronounced sedative effect.

Telfast, which has proven itself well in the fight against the disease, will help reduce swelling

Treatment of tonsillitis in adults at home is necessarily accompanied by the use of local antiseptic drugs in the form of lozenges, sprays, solutions (Faryngosept, Miramistin, Hexoral).

Surgery

Surgical methods are used to treat tonsillitis in a number of cases:

  • In the absence of a therapeutic effect with conservative methods;
  • In case of development of an abscess against the background of tonsillitis;
  • When tonsillogenic sepsis occurs;
  • If malignant pathologies are suspected.

Surgical methods involve the removal of tonsils (most often on both sides) in two main ways:

  1. Tonsiectomy – complete removal of tonsil tissue.
  2. Tonsillotomy is a partial excision of the tonsils.

A tonsillectomy is often performed, which involves complete removal of the tonsils.

Such operations, as a rule, take place without complications. After surgery, the patient is prohibited from eating and talking for 24 hours.

The operation cannot be performed under the following conditions:

  • Cardiovascular pathologies;
  • Diabetes mellitus in the uncompensated stage;
  • Kidney failure;
  • Diseases of the hematopoietic system;
  • Arterial hypertension, in which a hypertensive crisis and intense bleeding during surgery are possible.

In some clinics, it is currently possible to remove tonsils using low temperatures - the cryomethod.

Traditional methods

Treatment of tonsillitis with folk remedies is more popular than conservative and surgical treatment methods. Traditional medicine has hundreds of recipes that help eliminate unpleasant symptoms of the disease and get rid of the disease as quickly as possible.

Traditional methods help to externally influence the tonsils and stimulate the internal atmosphere of the body to fight the disease. External remedies include infusions and decoctions for rinsing, compresses and poultices for the neck area, healing pastes for tonsils. Internal remedies include decoctions, teas, tinctures, and inhalations.

Traditional methods effectively help eliminate unpleasant symptoms of the disease

An excellent and effective remedy for the treatment of tonsillitis is the use of hot liquids during the period of illness: various teas, herbal decoctions, broths, hot milk. All these methods will help ease the course of the disease and reduce inflammation in the throat.

Prevention

Preventive measures for the occurrence of tonsillitis include measures to prevent the occurrence of tonsillitis and proper treatment of the disease:

  • Sanitation of the nasopharynx and oral cavity;
  • Prevention of colds (especially during seasonal exacerbations);
  • Limiting contact with those who have recently been ill or are sick;
  • Measures to strengthen the immune system: regular exercise, proper nutrition, hardening, walks in the fresh air;
  • Avoiding overheating and hypothermia.

Getting proper rest, avoiding stress and following a daily routine will help prevent disease and strengthen the body's defenses.

Diagnosis of tonsillitis: questions to the doctor

When treating tonsillitis, questions often arise that only a qualified specialist can answer. It is not always possible to consult a doctor with a question of interest, so we provide a list of the most common questions with answers from otorhinolaryngologists.

Can tonsillitis be cured with antibiotics? Can. But chronic tonsillitis outside the acute phase is best treated by other means - local therapy and physiotherapeutic procedures.

Do sprays and gargles help treat tonsillitis? Rinsing and using a spray only dulls the symptoms; the disease cannot be cured with these procedures alone, because the infection is deep in the tonsils. The procedures are used in complex therapy along with drug treatment, rinsing, etc.

Should folk remedies be used to treat tonsillitis? Folk remedies in combination with basic treatment methods give good results, so it makes sense to use them as immunostimulating and analgesic therapy.

The doctor diagnoses “chronic tonsillitis”, but there are no symptoms. Does this mean the doctor is wrong? The diagnosis is made on the basis of complex data: medical history, local signs of the disease, laboratory tests. If symptoms do not appear, this does not mean that you should not ignore the doctor’s prescriptions and recommended treatment.

Source: http://simptom-lechenie.ru/tonzillit-u-vzroslyx-simptomy-i-lechenie.html