Sodium chloride

Posted on by admin

Sodium chloride

Content

Structural formula

Russian name

Latin name of the substance: Sodium chloride

Gross formula

Pharmacological group of the substance Sodium chloride

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

CAS code

Characteristics of the substance Sodium chloride

White cubic crystals or white crystalline powder, salty taste, odorless.

Table of contents:

Easily soluble in water (1:3), slightly soluble in ethanol.

Pharmacology

Sodium chloride maintains the appropriate osmotic pressure of blood plasma and extracellular fluid. When the concentration of sodium chloride in the blood plasma decreases, water passes from the vascular bed into the interstitial fluid; with a significant deficiency, spasms of smooth muscles and convulsive contractions of skeletal muscles occur, and the functions of the nervous and cardiovascular systems are disrupted.

A 0.9% sodium chloride solution is isotonic with human blood plasma and is therefore quickly removed from the vascular bed, only temporarily increasing the volume of circulating fluid. Hypertonic solutions (3–5–10%) are used intravenously and externally. When applied externally, they promote the secretion of pus, exhibit antimicrobial activity, and when administered intravenously, they increase diuresis and replenish the deficiency of sodium and chlorine ions.

When administered intranasally, sodium chloride in the form of a spray of 0.65% or 0.9% moisturizes the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, thins thick mucus, softens dry crusts in the nose and facilitates their easy removal. Restores the patency of the nasal passages, facilitates nasal breathing by moisturizing the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and thinning the mucus.

Application of the substance Sodium chloride

Solution 0.9% - large losses of extracellular fluid (including toxic dyspepsia, cholera, diarrhea, uncontrollable vomiting, extensive burns with severe exudation), hypochloremia and hyponatremia with dehydration, intestinal obstruction, as a detoxification agent; washing wounds, eyes, nasal cavity, for dissolving and diluting various medicinal substances and moistening dressings.

Hypertonic solution - pulmonary, gastric and intestinal bleeding, as an auxiliary osmotic diuretic during forced diuresis, dehydration, silver nitrate poisoning, for the treatment of purulent wounds (topically), constipation (rectally).

Hygienic care for the nasal mucosa of adults and children (including infants - 0.65% spray without menthol), cleansing the nasal cavity of viscous mucus and crusts.

Dryness of the nasal mucosa, incl. occurring when working in dusty rooms or working with paints and varnishes, or during prolonged stays in air-conditioned rooms.

Sinusitis, rhinitis of various etiologies (in complex treatment), after surgery on the nasal cavity.

Contraindications

Hypernatremia, acidosis, hyperchloremia, hypokalemia, extracellular hyperhydration; circulatory disorders that threaten cerebral and pulmonary edema; cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, acute left ventricular failure, concomitant therapy with GCs in high doses.

Children under 2 years of age for a spray of 0.9% and for a spray with menthol 0.65% or 0.9%.

Restrictions on use

Impaired renal function, heart failure, arterial hypertension, peripheral edema, toxicosis of pregnancy (for large volumes of isotonic solution).

Side effects of the substance Sodium chloride

Acidosis, overhydration, hypokalemia.

Overdose

Cases of overdose have not been described.

Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramping abdominal pain, thirst, decreased salivation and lacrimation, sweating, fever, tachycardia, increased blood pressure, renal failure, peripheral edema, pulmonary edema, respiratory arrest, headache, dizziness, anxiety, irritability , weakness, muscle cramps and rigidity, generalized seizures, coma and death.

Excessive administration of the solution may cause hypernatremia.

Excessive intake of chloride into the body can lead to hyperchloremic acidosis.

When using sodium chloride in the form of a solution for infusion as a base solution for diluting and dissolving other drugs, symptoms and complaints with excessive administration are most often associated with the properties of the drugs administered.

When using sodium chloride in the form of a spray, cases of overdose have not been described.

Routes of administration

IV, s/c, enemas, local.

Interactions with other active ingredients

Trade names

  • First aid kit
  • Online store
  • About company
  • Contacts
  • Publisher contacts:
  • Email:
  • Address: Russia, Moscow, st. 5th Magistralnaya, no. 12.

When quoting information materials published on the pages of the website www.rlsnet.ru, a link to the source of information is required.

©. REGISTER OF MEDICINES OF RUSSIA ® RLS ®

All rights reserved

Commercial use of materials is not permitted

Information intended for healthcare professionals

Source: http://www.rlsnet.ru/mnn_index_id_1007.htm

Sodium chloride solution: drug instructions

This drug is widely used in medical practice as a plasma replacement and rehydrating agent. Thus, sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, or saline, is in most cases used to prepare droppers, which are simply irreplaceable for vomiting, poisoning and other syndromes accompanied by a violation of the water-salt balance. Read the instructions for use of this medicine.

Saline sodium chloride solution

In the process of creating this pharmacological composition, salts are introduced into distilled water in a certain way. In this case, each subsequent component is added only after the previous one has completely dissolved. In addition, to prevent sediment from forming in the liquid, carbon dioxide is passed through the sodium bicarbonate. Glucose is added to the solution last. Strict adherence to the specified production technology ensures the preservation of all the beneficial properties of sodium chloride. Depending on the percentage of salts, the following types of solutions are distinguished:

  1. isotonic (9%) – used for preparing injections and droppers.
  2. hypertensive (10%) – used as an auxiliary osmotic diuretic for various serious pathological conditions.

Pharmacological group

According to the classification of medicinal substances, sodium chloride (Natrii chloridum/Sodium chloride) is usually classified as a regulator of water-electrolyte balance and acid-base balance. Due to the fact that the product is used for diluting and dissolving medications, it also belongs to the group of excipients, reagents and intermediates. In addition, some experts classify isotonic sodium chloride solution as an anticongestant - decongestant drug.

Properties

The drug acts as a detoxifying and rehydrating agent. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is used to enrich the body with fluid and increase the volume of circulating arterial blood. This pharmacological effect of saline solution is determined by the presence in it of mineral ions that have the ability to penetrate the cell membrane through a variety of transport mechanisms. According to the pharmacopoeia, sodium chloride helps maintain constant blood pressure and takes part in the electrophysiological processes of the body.

Indications for use

Water-salt balance directly affects the maintenance of the normal state of all organs and systems of the human body. In a normal situation, the NaCl compound enters the body along with food, which is impossible if any pathologies develop. Thus, with vomiting, diarrhea and other similar conditions, there is an increased release of sodium and chlorine ions from the body. This condition is an absolute indication for intravenous sodium chloride.

In addition, the drug is recommended for external use to wash the eyes, nose, and mouth. Separately, it is worth mentioning the benefits of saline solution for treating purulent wounds. The sodium and chlorine salts contained in the preparation have high antimicrobial activity, which is often used by surgeons to prevent the occurrence of postoperative complications. Among other things, the use of NaCl is justified in the following conditions:

  • dyspepsia;
  • poisoning;
  • cholera;
  • constipation;
  • extensive burns;
  • hyponatremia;
  • hypochloremia;
  • forced diuresis;
  • internal bleeding;
  • dehydration.

Instructions for use of sodium chloride

In most cases, saline solution is administered intravenously or subcutaneously. Meanwhile, the use of sodium chloride may involve its entry into the body orally or rectally. As a rule, one or another method of using a drug is determined by the expectation of a certain therapeutic effect. So, in case of severe poisoning, you will agree that it is more logical to use saline solution intravenously than to try to do cleansing enemas.

In general, patients tolerate NaCl well. However, with prolonged use of the drug, overdose effects may be observed: acidosis, extracellular hyperhydration, hypokalemia. In addition, it is important to talk about the specific drug interactions of the solution. Sodium chloride (and its analogs) is compatible with most medications. When diluted with a solution of powdered antibiotics, an increase in their bioavailability is noted. The drug is not recommended to be combined with corticosteroids (Enalapril) and leukopoiesis stimulants (Filgrastim).

For rinsing the nose

Nasal spray based on sodium chloride has a lot of positive properties and almost no side effects. Therefore, sodium chloride for nasal rinsing is used especially widely in pediatric practice to eliminate runny nose in young patients without harm to their health. A saline-based nasal spray is instilled into the nasal passage only after it has been thoroughly cleansed. Adults are recommended to take 2-3 injections three times a day, while for children the indicated dosage should be halved.

Intravenously

In medical practice, parenteral (intravenous) administration of saline is mostly used. For this purpose, the sodium chloride dropper is preheated to 36 degrees. The volume of the administered drug depends on the condition, age and weight of the patient. On average, the daily dose of NaCl should not exceed 500 milliliters. In case of poisoning accompanied by a severe degree of intoxication, the maximum volume can reach 3000 ml. In this case, the rate of infusion (infusion) of the drug is allowed to be increased to 70 drops per minute.

This method of administering saline helps to immediately restore the water-salt balance in the body - this is why sodium chloride is injected intravenously in case of dehydration. In addition, parenteral administration is indicated as plasma replacement therapy and is used for excessively thick blood. It is important to say that saline solution for IVs is often used to dilute any drug that needs to be administered intravenously. In this case, the characteristics of such infusions are determined based on the main medication.

For inhalations

A therapeutic procedure involving inhalation of sodium chloride is indicated for colds. Treatment of infectious pathologies of the respiratory tract is carried out with a combination of saline solution and a bronchodilator. Remember, alkaline (with added salt, soda) inhalations are contraindicated for children under 6 years of age.

Contraindications for sodium chloride

Like any other medicine, NaCl also has some limitations for use. For example, it is prohibited to use saline solution for patients with blood circulation disorders. The fact is that this pathological condition is dangerous due to the development of cerebral edema. For this reason, artificially flooding the body with saline solution during persistent development of circulatory disorders can significantly aggravate the clinical picture of the disease and lead to irreversible consequences. In addition, the use of NaCl is prohibited under the following conditions:

  • pulmonary edema;
  • hypernatremia;
  • hyperchloremia;
  • chronic heart failure;
  • arterial hypertension;
  • acute left ventricular failure;
  • during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding).

Sodium chloride price

In pharmacies in Moscow and St. Petersburg, saline solution can be purchased for an average of 30 rubles. At the same time, some private pharmacies, in an effort to compensate for losses, inflate the price of sodium chloride (often with an expired expiration date). For this reason, most of the population today prefers to buy medicines from bona fide virtual sellers. Meanwhile, you can find out the prices for saline solution for IVs in different pharmacies in Moscow below:

Laboratory of Beauty and Health

Laboratory of Beauty and Health

Note!

- The fungus won't bother you anymore! Elena Malysheva tells in detail.

- Elena Malysheva - How to lose weight without doing anything!

Video

Reviews

I used a compress with saline solution when a child developed a boil on his leg. For 4 days before going to bed, I applied gauze soaked in NaCL to my son’s leg and left the bandage on until the morning. The boil broke out on the second day of treatment, after which I applied a compress for several more days to prevent secondary infection of the resulting wound.

I save myself from seasonal exacerbations of rhinitis only with sodium chloride. For this purpose, I buy a special nasal spray at the pharmacy, which I inject into the nasal cavity about 4-5 times a day. As a rule, after 3-4 days of such treatment, the symptoms of rhinitis (stuffiness, runny nose) gradually disappear, and I return to my normal lifestyle.

He underwent intravenous administration of sodium chloride for dehydration due to severe food poisoning. I must say that all my negative conditions disappeared immediately after completing just one infusion. After I found out what sodium chloride is, I consider it simply a salvation for people with signs of poisoning.

The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials in the article do not encourage self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and make recommendations for treatment based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

Source: http://sovets.net/13072-natriya-chlorid.html

Sodium chloride

Sodium chloride (formula NaCL) is a substance known to every person. We all use it as a seasoning for cooking and call it salt. But today we will talk about how sodium chloride solution is used in medicine, and the range of its use in this industry is quite wide.

In its pure form, NaCL is a transparent white crystal with a salty taste. They dissolve well in water and are ideal for preparing a solution. In medicine, a sodium chloride solution, depending on the concentration of the active ingredient, is either a saline solution (physiological or isotonic) or a hypertonic solution, with a NaCL content of 0.9% and 10%, respectively.

Compound

  1. Physiological (isotonic) 0.9% solution contains 9 grams of NaCL and distilled water up to 1 liter
  2. Hypertonic 10% solution is more concentrated - 100 grams of NaCL per liter of distilled water

Release form

Saline solution

  1. Sodium chloride for infusions, dissolution of medications, enemas and external use is available in bottles of 100, 200, 400 and 100 ml
  2. Saline solution for diluting drugs, which will subsequently be used for intramuscular and subcutaneous injections, is available in ampoules of 5, 10 and 20 ml
  3. There are also tablets for oral administration. One tablet contains 0.9 mg of the active substance, and before use it must be dissolved in 100 ml of warm boiled water

Hypertonic solution

  1. 10% sodium chloride for intravenous injection and external use is available in 200 and 400 ml bottles
  2. For treating the nasal cavity, the medicine is available in the form of a spray, usually 10 ml in volume (depending on the manufacturer)

pharmachologic effect

Pharmacodynamics

  1. The substance NaCL itself in the body is responsible for maintaining constant pressure in the plasma and extracellular fluid. Usually the required amount enters the body with food.
  2. However, sometimes various kinds of pathological conditions may occur (for example, diarrhea, vomiting, high-degree burns), which are characterized by a large loss of fluid and salts by the body, and as a result - a deficiency of sodium and chlorine ions
  3. The above leads to thickening of the blood, convulsions, spasms of smooth muscles, and the functions of the nervous system and circulatory system may be disrupted
  4. Why is sodium chloride given intravenously when dehydrated? Its timely use will quickly restore fluid deficiency and water-salt balance.
  5. In addition, the drug has a plasma-replacing and detoxification effect, which is why sodium chloride solution is used for infusion for minor blood loss
  6. As for the hypertonic solution, when administered intravenously, it quickly replenishes the deficiency of sodium and chloride ions and enhances diuresis. This allows the drug to be used as an emergency aid for dehydration. Sodium chloride 10% is especially often needed for children, in whom dehydration occurs very quickly and can have the most serious consequences, including death.

Pharmacokinetics

  1. A NaCl solution, when administered intravenously, is very quickly removed from the vascular bed; after an hour, less than half of this substance remains in the vessels. Because of this property, saline solution is ineffective in cases of large blood loss.
  2. So, the half-life is approximately one hour, after which sodium, chloride ions and water begin to be eliminated by the kidneys, increasing the overall production of urine

Indications

As we have already said, the use of sodium chloride in medicine is quite widespread. Let's see how solutions of this substance of different concentrations are used:

NaCL 0.9%

    1. Restores the water-salt balance of the body in case of dehydration that occurs for any reason
    2. Intravenous administration of sodium chloride maintains the necessary plasma balance both during and after surgery
  1. This drug is an ambulance for detoxifying the body (for food poisoning, dysentery and other intestinal infections)
  2. This is why a dropper with sodium chloride is also needed: due to its plasma-replacing properties, this drug is used to maintain plasma volume in cases of severe diarrhea, burns, diabetic coma, and blood loss
  3. For inflammatory and allergic irritations of the cornea, saline solution is used to wash the eyes
  4. Sodium chloride is used to rinse the nasal cavity for allergic rhinitis, rhinopharyngitis, for the prevention of sinusitis, after removal of adenoids or polyps, for acute respiratory diseases
  5. Also, sodium chloride, both in combination with other drugs and without excipients, is used for inhalation of the respiratory tract.
  6. For treating wounds, moistening bandages and gauze dressings
  7. The neutral environment of saline is ideal for dissolving other drugs in it and subsequent infusions and injections

NaCL 10%

    1. Hypertonic solution is used primarily for acute deficiency of sodium and chlorine in the body
    2. To quickly restore water-salt balance in case of dehydration caused by gastric, pulmonary, intestinal bleeding, burns, severe vomiting and diarrhea
    3. The drug is an ambulance for poisoning due to silver nitrate
    4. Used to rinse the nasal cavity for sinusitis
  • Used externally to treat wounds
  • As an osmotic remedy for constipation - through an enema
  • As an aid to quickly increase the total volume of urine

Contraindications

Physiological (isotonic) solution

  1. Increased content of sodium or chlorine ions in the body
  2. Potassium deficiency
  3. Impaired fluid circulation, and, as a result, a tendency to pulmonary or cerebral edema
  4. Directly, cerebral edema or pulmonary edema
  5. Acute heart failure
  6. Intracellular dehydration
  7. Excess fluid in the extracellular space
  8. Taking corticosteroids
  9. Disorders and changes in renal excretory function
  10. With caution in children and the elderly

Hypertonic solution

Important! The use of the drug for subcutaneous and intramuscular injections is prohibited (this can lead to tissue necrosis)

Otherwise, all the contraindications listed for saline are relevant for hypertonic solution

Side effects

    1. When administered intravenously, local reactions are possible (burning sensation and hyperemia)
  1. Long-term use may result in symptoms of body intoxication.
  2. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps
  3. Nervous system disorders: dizziness, headache, weakness, sweating, anxiety, lacrimation, severe persistent thirst
  4. Increased heart rate and pulse, increased blood pressure
  5. Dermatitis
  6. Anemia
  7. Menstrual irregularities in women
  8. Edema (this may indicate a chronic imbalance of water-salt balance)
  9. Increased acidity
  10. Decreased potassium levels in the blood

Instructions for use

Instructions for using sodium chloride look like this:

  • Saline solution is administered to the patient both intravenously and subcutaneously, but most often - intravenously.
  • Before administration, the drug is warmed to body temperature.
  • The volume of medication is calculated based on the patient’s condition, as well as the amount of fluid he has lost; body weight and age are also taken into account
  • The average daily dose of the solution is 500 ml. This amount completely covers the body’s daily need for the substance. However, in case of severe intoxication and a high degree of dehydration, the volume of administered saline solution can be increased to 3000 ml
  • The average rate of drug administration is 540 ml per hour
  • Again, in case of urgent need, the rate of administration increases to 70 drops per minute
  • For children, the dosage is calculated based on age and body weight, and ranges, on average, from 20 to 100 ml. With long-term use, urine and plasma analysis is required for electrolyte content.
  • If the solution is used as an adjuvant for other medications when preparing a dropper, its volume varies from 50 to 250 ml
  • The hypertonic solution is administered only intravenously, in a stream (very slowly), volume - from 10 to 30 ml
  • When immediate replenishment of sodium and chlorine ions is required, a 100 ml dropper is used
  • Enemas with a hypertonic solution are used not only for constipation, they help with intracranial pressure, cardiac and renal edema, hypertension, inflammation and erosion of the colon
  • Compresses with a hypertonic solution are used to treat purulent wounds, abscesses, boils
  • Hypertonic and isotonic solutions are used to treat the nasal cavity in order to clear it of mucus or pus. For this, the drug is available in the form of a spray, but you can use a regular pipette, instilling 2 drops into each nostril for adults, and one drop for children
  • For the treatment of colds and diseases of the upper respiratory tract, inhalations with saline solution are very effective.

Already in itself, it is an excellent remedy for facilitating the discharge of sputum. In difficult cases, additional medications are added to the solution (Lazolvan, Ambroxol, Hydelix). To relieve the symptoms of bronchial asthma, bronchial dilators (for example, Berodual) are added to the saline solution.

During pregnancy

Why is sodium chloride administered intravenously during pregnancy? There are two indications for this treatment:

  • Too much sodium concentration in the blood plasma, a condition that leads to severe swelling
  • Medium and severe stage of toxicosis

In addition, saline solution is often used as a “placebo”, because a woman expecting a baby is subject to quite strong emotional stress.

Sodium chloride is a drug that solves many medical problems; its scope of application is very wide. That is why it takes its very important place among pharmaceuticals.

Questions on the topic

Ask a question Cancel

Types of anesthesia

Types of anesthesia

Additionally

Often, venipuncture is required to make a diagnosis, the technique of which is one of the main skills of doctors and nurses. The procedure allows you not...

What happens during anesthesia? Is it possible to feel pain or wake up in the middle of surgery? All the myths and legends about...

Infusion therapy is a treatment method based on the intravenous or subcutaneous administration of various medicinal solutions and drugs, with the aim of...

A common negative consequence of painless dental treatment: after anesthesia, the cheek is swollen and painful. Let's figure out what caused the need for an anesthetic injection...

Often anesthesia scares people, sometimes even more than surgery. The biggest fear is the unknown and possible discomfort when falling asleep and...

The regulation and importance of the acid-base state of the body (ABC) is knowledge necessary for every doctor, since even small changes in ABC can lead to...

Source: http://vnarkoze.ru/natriya-chlorid.html

Sodium chloride

Description current as of 08/03/2015

  • Latin name: Natrii chloridum
  • ATX code: B05XA03
  • Active ingredient: Sodium chloride
  • Manufacturer: Medpolymer, Sintez OJSC, Alium Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (Russia), Pharmland JV (Republic of Belarus)

Compound

The active ingredient of this product is sodium chloride. The formula for sodium chloride is NaCl, these are white crystals that quickly dissolve in water. Molar mass 58.44 g/mol. OKPD code - 14.40.1.

Saline solution (isotonic) is a 0.9% solution, it contains 9 g of sodium chloride, up to 1 liter of distilled water.

Hypertonic sodium chloride solution is a 10% solution, it contains 100 g of sodium chloride, up to 1 liter of distilled water.

Release form

A 0.9% sodium chloride solution is produced, which can be contained in ampoules of 5 ml, 10 ml, 20 ml. Ampoules are used to dissolve medications for injection.

A solution of sodium chloride 0.9% is also produced in bottles of 100, 200, 400 and 1000 ml. Their use in medicine is practiced for external use, intravenous drips, and enemas.

Sodium chloride solution 10% is contained in bottles of 200 and 400 ml.

For oral administration, tablets of 0.9 g are available.

A nasal spray is also produced in 10 ml bottles.

pharmachologic effect

Sodium chloride is a drug that acts as a rehydrating and detoxifying agent. The medicine is able to compensate for the lack of sodium in the body, subject to the development of various pathologies. Sodium chloride also increases the amount of fluid that circulates in the vessels.

Such properties of the solution are manifested due to the presence of chloride ions and sodium ions in it. They are able to penetrate the cell membrane using various transport mechanisms, in particular the sodium-potassium pump. Sodium plays an important role in the process of signal transmission in neurons; it is also involved in the metabolic process in the kidneys and in the electrophysiological processes of the human heart.

Pharmacopoeia indicates that sodium chloride maintains constant pressure in the extracellular fluid and blood plasma. In the normal state of the body, a sufficient amount of this compound enters the body with food. But in pathological conditions, in particular, with vomiting, diarrhea, and serious burns, there is an increased release of these elements from the body. As a result, the body experiences a deficiency of chlorine and sodium ions, as a result of which the blood becomes thicker, the functions of the nervous system, blood flow, convulsions, and spasms of smooth muscles are disrupted.

If an isotonic sodium chloride solution is promptly introduced into the blood, its use helps restore the water-salt balance. But since the osmotic pressure of the solution is similar to the pressure of blood plasma, it does not stay in the vascular bed for a long time. After administration, it is quickly eliminated from the body. As a result, after 1 hour, no more than half of the injected amount of solution is retained in the vessels. Therefore, in case of blood loss, the solution is not effective enough.

The product also has plasma-substituting and detoxifying properties.

When a hypertonic solution is administered intravenously, there is an increase in diuresis, replenishing the deficiency of chlorine and sodium in the body.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

Excretion from the body occurs mainly through the kidneys. Some sodium is excreted in sweat and feces.

Indications for use

Sodium chloride is a saline solution that is used when the body loses extracellular fluid. Indicated for conditions that lead to limited fluid intake:

Considering what sodium chloride is, it is used externally to wash wounds, eyes, and nose. The drug is used to moisturize dressings, for inhalation, and for the face.

The use of NaCl is indicated for forced diuresis in cases of constipation, poisoning, and internal bleeding (pulmonary, intestinal, gastric).

It is also indicated in the indications for use of sodium chloride that this is a drug that is used for diluting and dissolving drugs that are administered parenterally.

Contraindications

The use of the solution is contraindicated for the following diseases and conditions:

The solution is prescribed with caution to people who suffer from arterial hypertension, peripheral edema, decompensated chronic heart failure, chronic renal failure, preeclampsia, as well as those diagnosed with other conditions in which sodium retention occurs in the body.

If the solution is used as a diluent for other medications, existing contraindications should be taken into account.

Side effects

The following conditions may develop when using sodium chloride:

If the drug is used correctly, the development of side effects is unlikely.

If a 0.9% NaCl solution is used as a base solvent, then side effects are determined by the properties of the drugs that are diluted with the solution.

If any negative effects occur, you should immediately report it to a specialist.

Instructions for use of Sodium Chloride (Method and dosage)

The instructions for saline solution (isotonic solution) provide for its administration intravenously and subcutaneously.

In most cases, intravenous drip administration is practiced, for which the Sodium Chloride dropper is heated to a temperature of degrees. The volume that is administered to the patient depends on the condition of the patient, as well as the amount of fluid that has been lost by the body. It is important to take into account the person’s age and weight.

The average daily dose of the drug is ml, the solution is administered at an average speed of 540 ml/h. If there is a severe degree of intoxication, then the maximum volume of medication per day can be 3000 ml. If there is such a need, a volume of 500 ml can be administered at a speed of 70 drops per minute.

Children are given a dose of 20 to 100 ml per day per 1 kg of weight. The dosage depends on body weight and the age of the child. It should be borne in mind that with prolonged use of this medicine it is necessary to monitor the level of electrolytes in plasma and urine.

To dilute drugs that need to be administered by drip, use 50 to 250 ml of sodium chloride per dose of the drug. The characteristics of administration are determined based on the main drug.

The hypertonic solution is administered intravenously.

If the solution is used to immediately compensate for the deficiency of sodium and chlorine ions, 100 ml of the solution is injected dropwise.

To perform a rectal enema to induce defecation, 100 ml of a 5% solution is administered; 3000 ml of an isotonic solution can also be administered throughout the day.

The use of a hypertensive enema is slowly indicated for renal and cardiac edema, increased intracranial pressure and for hypertension it is carried out slowly, ml is administered. Such an enema cannot be performed in case of colon erosion and inflammatory processes.

Purulent wounds are treated with a solution according to the regimen prescribed by the doctor. Compresses with NaCl are applied directly to a wound or other lesion on the skin. Such a compress promotes the separation of pus and the death of pathogenic microorganisms.

The nasal spray is instilled into the nasal cavity after it has been cleansed. For adult patients, two drops are instilled into each nostril, for children - 1 drop. It is used for both treatment and prevention, for which the solution is dripped for about 20 days.

Sodium chloride for inhalation is used for colds. To do this, the solution is mixed with bronchodilators. Inhalation is carried out for ten minutes three times a day.

If absolutely necessary, saline solution can be prepared at home. To do this, mix a full teaspoon of table salt in one liter of boiled water. If it is necessary to prepare a certain amount of solution, for example, with salt weighing 50 g, appropriate measurements should be taken. This solution can be applied topically, used for enemas, rinses, and inhalations. However, under no circumstances should such a solution be administered intravenously or used to treat open wounds or eyes.

Overdose

In case of overdose, the patient may feel nausea, suffer from vomiting and diarrhea, he may develop abdominal pain, fever, and rapid heartbeat. Also, in case of an overdose, blood pressure may increase, pulmonary edema and peripheral edema, renal failure, muscle cramps, weakness, dizziness, generalized convulsions, and coma may develop. If the solution is administered excessively, hypernatremia may develop.

With excessive intake into the body, hyperchlorimic acidosis may develop.

If sodium chloride is used to dissolve drugs, then the overdose is mainly associated with the properties of those drugs that are diluted.

If NaCl is inadvertently overadministered, it is important to stop this process and assess whether the patient has any more negative symptoms. Symptomatic treatment is practiced.

Interaction

NaCl is compatible with most medications. It is this property that determines the use of the solution for diluting and dissolving a number of drugs.

When diluting and dissolving, it is necessary to monitor the compatibility of drugs visually, determining whether a precipitate appears during the process, whether the color changes, etc.

When concomitantly prescribing the drug with corticosteroids, it is important to constantly monitor the levels of electrolytes in the blood.

When taken in parallel, the hypotensive effect of Enalapril and Spirapril decreases.

Sodium Chloride is incompatible with the leukopoiesis stimulator Filgrastim, as well as with the polypeptide antibiotic Polymyxin B.

There is evidence that isotonic solution increases the bioavailability of drugs.

When diluted with a solution of powdered antibiotics, they are completely absorbed by the body.

Terms of sale

Sold in pharmacies by prescription. If necessary, use the drug to dilute other medications, etc. write out a prescription in Latin.

Storage conditions

The powder, tablets and solution should be stored in a dry place, in a well-closed container, and the temperature should not exceed 25 degrees Celsius. It is important to keep the drug away from children. If the packaging is sealed, freezing does not affect the properties of the drug.

Best before date

There are no restrictions on storing powder and tablets. The solution in 0.9% ampoules can be stored for 5 years; solution in bottles 0.9% - one year, solution in bottles 10% - 2 years. Cannot be used after the shelf life has expired.

special instructions

If an infusion is given, the patient's condition should be carefully monitored, in particular plasma electrolytes. It should be taken into account that in children, due to immature renal function, sodium excretion may slow down. It is important to determine its plasma concentration before repeated infusions.

It is important to monitor the condition of the solution before administering it. The solution must be transparent and the packaging undamaged. Only a qualified specialist can use the solution for intravenous administration.

Any preparations with Sodium Chloride should only be dissolved by a specialist who can qualifiedly assess whether the resulting solution is suitable for administration. It is important to strictly adhere to all antiseptic rules. Any solution should be administered immediately after its preparation.

The result of a series of chemical reactions involving sodium chloride is the formation of chlorine. Electrolysis of molten Sodium Chloride in industry is a method of producing chlorine. If you carry out electrolysis of a solution of Sodium Chloride, you also end up with chlorine. If crystalline Sodium Chloride is treated with concentrated sulfuric acid, the result is hydrogen chloride. Sodium sulfate and sodium hydroxide can be produced through a chain of chemical reactions. A qualitative reaction to chloride ion is a reaction with silver nitrate.

Analogs

Different drug manufacturers may produce the solution under a separate name. These are the drugs Sodium chloride Brown, Sodium chloride Bufus, Rizosin, Salin Sodium chloride Sinco, etc.

Preparations containing sodium chloride are also produced. These are combined salt solutions of sodium acetate + sodium chloride, etc.

For children

It is used in accordance with the instructions and under the careful supervision of specialists. The immaturity of renal function in children should be taken into account, so repeated administration is carried out only after an accurate determination of plasma sodium levels.

During pregnancy and lactation

During pregnancy, a sodium chloride dropper can only be used in pathological conditions. This is toxicosis in the moderate or severe stage, as well as gestosis. Healthy women receive sodium chloride from food, and its excess can lead to the development of edema.

Reviews

Most reviews are positive, as users write about this product as a useful drug. There are especially many reviews about the nasal spray, which, according to patients, is a good remedy for both the prevention and treatment of a runny nose. The product effectively moisturizes the nasal mucosa and promotes healing.

Sodium Chloride price, where to buy

The price of saline solution in ampoules of 5 ml is on average 30 rubles per 10 pcs. Buying sodium chloride 0.9% in a 200 ml bottle costs an average of rubles for 1 bottle.

  • Online pharmacies in Russia Russia
  • Online pharmacies in Ukraine Ukraine
  • Online pharmacies in Kazakhstan Kazakhstan

WER.RU

ZdravZone

Pharmacy IFC

Pharmacy24

PaniPharmacy

BIOSPHERE

Education: Graduated from Rivne State Basic Medical College with a degree in Pharmacy. Graduated from Vinnitsa State Medical University named after. M.I. Pirogov and internship at his base.

Work experience: From 2003 to 2013 – worked as a pharmacist and manager of a pharmacy kiosk. She was awarded diplomas and decorations for many years of conscientious work. Articles on medical topics were published in local publications (newspapers) and on various Internet portals.

Please tell me how much sodium chloride 0.9% 200 ml should be taken for gargling?

Thank you! Well done for explaining the drug!

Yulia: I have the same symptoms, I thought it was meningitis. I almost didn’t say goodbye at all. Head.

Diets.Guru: If the stage of the disease and the patient’s condition allow the possibility of surgery.

Kostya: Yesterday I picked up the child from kindergarten, came home and then it all started! At first the boy complained.

Artyom: Guys, hello! After all, there is Relium and Sibazon - these are Polish and Russian analogues, also.

All materials presented on the site are for reference and informational purposes only and cannot be considered a treatment method prescribed by a doctor or sufficient advice.

The site administration and the authors of the articles are not responsible for any losses and consequences that may arise when using the site materials.

Source: http://medside.ru/natriya-chlorid

Sodium chloride - characteristics, properties, instructions for use, side effects, interactions with other drugs

Compound

1. Isotonic (physiological) 0.9% solution containing sodium chloride – 9 g, distilled water – up to 1 liter.

2. Hypertonic 10% solution containing sodium chloride - 100 g, distilled water - up to 1 liter.

Release form

  • To dissolve medicinal substances for intramuscular and subcutaneous injections, a 0.9% sodium chloride solution is produced in ampoules of 5, 10, 20 ml.
  • For dissolving medications, intravenous drips, enemas and external use: 0.9% sodium chloride solution in bottles of 100, 200, 400 and 1000 ml.
  • For intravenous injection and external use: 10% sodium chloride solution in bottles of 200 and 400 ml.
  • For oral (inside) administration: tablets 0.9 g. To use, the tablet must be dissolved in 100 ml of boiled warm water.
  • For treating the nasal cavity: nasal spray – 10 ml.

pharmachologic effect

Indications for use

  • Restoring water balance in case of body dehydration caused by various reasons.
  • Maintaining plasma volume during surgery and after.
  • Detoxification of the body (food poisoning, dysentery, cholera, etc.).
  • Maintaining plasma volume in case of extensive burns, diarrhea, blood loss, diabetic coma.
  • Eye rinsing for inflammatory and allergic irritations of the cornea.
  • Rinsing the nasal mucosa for allergic rhinitis, nasopharyngitis, prevention of sinusitis, acute respiratory infections, after removal of polyps and adenoids.
  • Inhalation of the respiratory tract (using special devices - inhalers).

It is used to treat wounds, moisturize bandages and fabric dressings. The neutral environment of saline is well suited for dissolving drugs and co-infusion with other drugs.

1. Deficiency of the elements sodium and chlorine.

2. Dehydration due to various reasons: pulmonary, gastric and intestinal bleeding, burns, vomiting, diarrhea.

Sodium chloride - instructions for use

With long-term use of large doses of sodium chloride, it is necessary to analyze the content of electrolytes in plasma and urine.

Sodium chloride 10 - instructions for use

Sodium chloride 9 - instructions for use

Contraindications

  • increased content of sodium ions in the body;
  • increased content of chlorine ions in the body;
  • lack of potassium;
  • circulatory fluid disorders, with the possibility of cerebral and pulmonary edema;
  • cerebral edema, pulmonary edema;
  • acute heart failure;
  • intracellular dehydration;
  • extracellular excess fluid;
  • treatment with significant doses of corticosteroids.

Used with great caution in patients with changes in renal excretory function, as well as in children and the elderly.

Side effects

  • discomfort in the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, diarrhea;
  • disorders of the nervous system: lacrimation, constant thirst, anxiety, sweating, dizziness, headache, weakness;
  • arterial hypertension, rapid heartbeat and pulse;
  • dermatitis;
  • menstrual irregularities;
  • anemia;
  • excess fluid content in the body or its parts (edema), which indicates a pathological shift in water-salt metabolism;
  • acidosis – a shift in the body’s acid-base balance towards increased acidity;
  • hypokalemia – a decrease in potassium content in the body’s blood.

If side effects occur, the drug should be stopped. It is necessary to assess the patient’s well-being, provide adequate assistance and save the bottle with the remaining solution for analysis.

Sodium chloride during pregnancy

1. Preeclampsia (increased concentration of sodium in the blood plasma) with severe swelling.

2. Moderate and severe stages of toxicosis.

Interaction with other drugs

Synonymous drugs for sodium chloride

  • Sodium chloride 0.9% for intravenous infusion - sterile solution in bottles.
  • Sodium chloride 1.6% for intravenous infusion.
  • Sodium chloride 12% for intravenous infusion.
  • Sodium chloride Brown (Germany) - powder for the preparation of solution for injection, solution for infusion, solution for injection, solvent for the preparation of dosage forms for injection, nasal spray.
  • Sodium chloride bufus – powder for the preparation of solution for injection, solution for infusion, solution for injection, solvent for the preparation of dosage forms for injection, nasal spray.
  • Sodium chloride-Cinco – isotonic solution for infusion, hypertonic solution, eye drops and eye ointment.
  • Sodium chloride – 0.9% solution for infusion (Bulgaria).
  • Salorid – 0.9% solution for infusion (Bangladesh).
  • Rizosin – 0.65% nasal spray with and without menthol.
  • Salin – 0.65% nasal spray (India).
  • No-salt – 0.65% nasal spray.
  • Physiodose – 0.9% solution for topical use.

Additional Information

1. Remove container from outer packaging immediately before use. It protects and maintains the sterility of the drug.

2. Squeeze the container tightly and check for integrity. If damage is found, discard the container, as the solution in it is dangerous.

3. Check the solution visually: for transparency, absence of impurities and inclusions. If present, discard the container.

4. Hang the container on a tripod, remove the plastic fuse and unscrew the lid.

5. Add medications into the solution following aseptic rules. Move the clamp that regulates the movement of the solution to the “closed” position. Disinfect the area of ​​the injection container, make a puncture in it with a syringe and inject the drug. Mix well. Move the clamp to the “open” position.

Storage conditions and expiration dates

  • powder and tablets - without restrictions;
  • 0.9% solution in ampoules – 5 years;
  • 0.9% solution in bottles – 12 months;
  • 10% solution in bottles – 2 years.

Do not use after expiration date. Before using any drug containing sodium chloride, you should consult your doctor.

Read more:
Leave feedback

You can add your comments and feedback to this article, subject to the Discussion Rules.

Source: http://www.tiensmed.ru/news/natriahlorid-ec7.html