Physiotherapy of ENT diseases in children

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Physiotherapy in pediatrics

Physiotherapeutic methods of treatment in pediatrics are widely used. Many types of influences are used from the first days after the birth of a child.

Physiotherapy gives good results in the treatment of a sufficient number of diseases.

Table of contents:

There are many techniques used to combat various pathologies. The effectiveness of this treatment is supported by scientific research.

However, you need to be aware that procedures are prescribed differently for children than for adults. It is necessary to follow certain rules, following which will help you get the maximum benefit from treatment and avoid the possible occurrence of negative reactions.

Features of the child's body

The functional state, tissue structure and physiology of a child’s body have a number of differences from an adult’s and change as a person matures and grows. These features must be taken into account when determining a specific therapeutic factor, selecting exposure parameters, localization and time of the procedure.

  • The thickness and number of cell layers of the skin are lower than in adults. The epidermis is highly hydrophilic. The thinness and looseness of children's skin should be taken into account individually.
  • The nervous system is characterized by the accelerated formation of reflexes, the predominance of excitatory processes over inhibitory ones. In addition, the effect of physical factors is not limited to the area of ​​treatment, but spreads along nerve fibers to adjacent segments of the spinal cord faster and wider than in adults.
  • Lower bone density puts you at greater risk of injury. Bone tissue has a high water content, which allows the energy of physical factors to penetrate deeper and have a pronounced effect.
  • Large (compared to an adult body) heart size, thinner and looser muscle fibers. Certain features of the physiology of cardiac activity.
  • Short and narrow nasal passages, underdeveloped paranasal sinuses, poor airway humidification.
  • Wide renal pelvis and ureters, insufficient filtration capacity of the renal glomeruli.

Features of prescribing physiotherapeutic treatment in pediatrics

In order for the treatment to be as effective as possible, it is necessary to follow a number of rules and remember certain features when prescribing and performing physiotherapeutic procedures.

  • A child’s body responds to treatment faster than an adult.
  • Impact on one area can be repeated no earlier than after 2 months. If it is necessary to carry out a second course of treatment in the same place, a different physical factor should be selected.
  • Children are prescribed, as a rule, one healing factor per course of treatment, since their body is more susceptible to physiotherapeutic effects, and the combined effect of preformed (hardware) physical factors enhances the effect of each of them separately. If exposure to two factors is necessary, the time interval between procedures should be at least 2 hours.
  • The intensity of the therapeutic factor should be dosed starting from the minimum parameters, gradually increasing to the required ones. They are always less than when treating adult patients.
  • In pediatrics, it is recommended to carry out only local procedures; it is better to avoid general ones.
  • The procedure time is always shorter than for adults, since the child’s body is able to respond faster to treatment and gets tired faster.
  • It is preferable to prescribe procedures in a pulsed, softer mode compared to continuous.
  • Exposure should be carried out in the presence of a doctor.
  • If there is any negative change in the condition of a small patient, treatment must be interrupted.
  • Frightening methods are not used for young children: electrosleep using the orbital-occipital technique, darsonvalization in spark mode, intranasal electrophoresis, etc.
  • It is not recommended to prescribe laser radiation to a child unless absolutely necessary, as it has a powerful biostimulating effect and can cause unpredictable reactions on the part of the child’s body.

Combination of physiotherapy methods

Physiotherapy methods can be combined according to the following schemes:

  • 1 type of hardware treatment + massage;
  • 1 hardware treatment session + 1 hydrotherapy procedure;
  • 1 hardware treatment procedure + 1 heat treatment procedure.

In some cases, a combination of two therapeutic hardware (preformed) factors is permissible.

Limitations for physical therapy in pediatrics

Physiotherapy cannot be carried out:

  • if the child is mentally or physically tired;
  • less than 30-40 minutes before meals and 1 hour after meals;
  • during or immediately after an acute infectious disease;
  • on the bone growth zone, projection of the heart, hollow and endocrine organs;
  • with a tendency to bleeding;
  • with reduced body weight;
  • in areas with a violation of the integrity of the skin;
  • in the presence of purulent-inflammatory diseases, in case of danger of dissemination of the disease;
  • with a decrease in the body's adaptive capabilities;
  • with identified intolerance to a physical factor.

Physiotherapy methods used in childhood

Balneotherapy, spa treatment, heat therapy, medical massage, magnetotherapy, phototherapy, long- and medium-wave ultraviolet radiation, and sinusoidal modulated currents have beneficial effects on children.

Electrotherapy

The electrodes are carefully fixed using elastic bandages. Contact pads must be thicker than for adults. After the procedure, it is recommended to lubricate the skin with oils or rich baby cream to moisturize and nourish the layers of the dermis, because the current has a local irritating effect. The nurse should carefully examine the child's skin for possible damage before and after each session.

Most often in pediatrics, sinusoidal modulated currents (from three months) are used in alternating mode, including for electrical stimulation.

Fluctuarization is prescribed to children from six months of age.

Galvanic current is used to carry out interstitial electrophoresis (from the first days of life), galvanic collar according to Shcherbak (from 2 years) or electrophoresis according to Vermeule (from the newborn period).

Ultraton therapy and darsonvalization are prescribed in pediatrics from the age of two. Ultraton therapy is preferable due to its good thermal effect and less pronounced irritating effect. For children, the procedure is carried out using the contact method or a gauze napkin is used to create a stable gap. The treatment takes place at low or medium intensity, the session time depends on the age of the child.

Electrosleep is used from 2-3 years of age using the fronto-occipital method. Session time ranges from 15 minutes to 1 hour.

Diadynamic currents have a more pronounced irritating effect on the child’s skin, therefore they are used less frequently than amplipulse therapy. The technique is prescribed from 2-3 years.

Phototherapy

This method of treatment is widely used in pediatrics, because when the procedure is carried out correctly, it does not cause negative reactions from the child’s body and has a beneficial effect on it.

In pediatrics, from the first days of a child’s life, infrared, red, and blue spectra of light radiation are often used.

Newborns with hemolytic disease are treated by exposing them to blue light using a special regimen.

This type of physiotherapy is used in children from birth for the prevention and treatment of many pathologies.

There are general and local methods.

The general technique in the medium or long wavelength range is used for skin diseases and for the prevention of rickets. Locally, ultraviolet radiation is prescribed for diseases of the ENT organs, certain skin diseases, etc.

Before starting treatment, the child’s individual biodose is always calculated using a biodosimeter to determine the procedure time.

If it is necessary to use an erythemal dose of UV irradiation, perforated oilcloth is used to soften the effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin.

Contraindications for this type of treatment are general. In addition, UV irradiation is not used for low hemoglobin levels, navel lesions, and hypercalcemia.

Laser therapy is prescribed no earlier than two years of age.

Treatment with electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields

Magnetotherapy has a beneficial effect on the child’s body and is widely used for injuries, joint damage and other pathologies. A low-frequency magnetic field is prescribed from 1 year, high-frequency - from 5 years.

Ultra-high frequency (UHF) electromagnetic fields are used to treat children from the first days of life; preference is given to non-thermal dosages (up to 15 W). From 1 year to 3 years the power increases to 20 W, from 3 to 7 years - up to 40 W, over 7 years - up to 60 W. When affecting the head area when treating preschool children, the maximum power is 20 W, for schoolchildren - 30 W. To maintain a stable gap between the emitter and the surface of the body, a gasket of a certain thickness is placed, everything is fixed with elastic bandages.

Treatment time ranges from 8 to 15 minutes.

Inductothermy is administered with a gap of about 1.5 cm through a tissue pad for electrotherapy, the procedure lasts no more than 12 minutes.

For inflammatory diseases of the bronchopulmonary system and abdominal organs, DMV therapy is prescribed, which has a local effect. The procedure is carried out contact-wise, so there is no general exposure to the child’s fields, unlike UHF therapy and inductothermy.

The contact method of exposure is also used when prescribing microwave therapy for pathologies of the ENT organs, superficial inflammatory diseases of the skin and subcutaneous fat.

Franklinization (exposure to an electric field) is prescribed and used in neurology, pulmonology, and surgery.

Ultrasound therapy

Used from the first month of life for pathologies of the musculoskeletal system. The intensity and time of exposure are selected individually. In children under the age of 1 year, the ultrasound density is about 0.05 W/cm²; at 1 year of age, during the procedure, the ultrasound power cannot be more than 0.1 W/cm². As children grow, it increases, but cannot be more than 0.6 W/cm².

Heat treatment

In pediatrics, thermal physical factors are actively used, which have a beneficial effect on the child’s body.

Ozocerite and paraffin treatment is used from 6 months. Mud therapy is prescribed from 2-3 years of age.

Indications for these physical factors are chronic inflammation, conditions after traumatic injuries and acute diseases. The intensity of the thermal effect should be less than when performing procedures for adults, and the session time is 15-20 minutes. The course of treatment is designed for 5-8 procedures. It can be repeated after 2-3 months.

Balneotherapy

Various general or local baths have a beneficial effect on children's health: pearl, pine, sea, underwater massage. Showers are not used in children's practice because they have a stimulating effect on the central nervous system.

Aerosol therapy

Alkaline and warm-moist inhalations are prescribed for diseases of the ENT organs from the first days after birth. Medicines are used with great caution, because children's bodies are prone to developing allergic reactions.

Massage

Massage is used for a variety of pathologies from the first days after the birth of a small patient, as well as preventively as planned.

Physiotherapy

The most important type of treatment used in pediatrics. Under the guidance of a doctor or instructor, gymnastics strengthens the muscle corset, increases tolerance to physical activity, improves coordination of movements, improves blood supply to organs and tissues, stimulates the respiratory system and solves many other issues. Exercise therapy is carried out from the first weeks of a child’s life and is usually combined with simultaneous massage.

Halotherapy

Or salt caves are prescribed in pediatrics from 6 months of age for the treatment of pathologies of the respiratory system, and from 1 year of age as a prevention of colds.

Spa treatment

Treatment by changing the habitat is widely used. Exposure to solar radiation, sea air, forest microclimate, dry or humid climate, changed pressure is selected individually depending on the patient’s age, existing diseases and other factors.

Physiotherapeutic treatment allows you to strengthen a child’s body, increase its resistance to various diseases, avoid unnecessary use of pharmaceuticals or reduce their dosage, speed up recovery and restoration of the body after an illness. When properly treating young patients, it is impossible to do without prescribing physiotherapeutic procedures.

Source: http://physiatrics.ru/fizioterapiya-v-pediatrii/

Physiotherapy for runny nose in children and adults

For the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the nasal passages and paranasal sinuses, vasomotor and allergic rhinitis, medical science has reserved many methods. The lion's share of this rich arsenal falls on physiotherapy for the nose. Treatment of any type of runny nose should not stop at any one method (medication or physiotherapy, acupressure or acupuncture). It must be comprehensive and take into account the peculiarities of the pathological process. And although there are more than enough therapeutic agents for treating the nose, it is worth paying attention to therapy.

Basic methods of physiotherapy

There are quite a lot of methods used to treat nasal pathology. Moreover, physiotherapy can be combined with the administration of medications. Conventionally, physiotherapeutic methods can be divided into:

  1. Anti-inflammatory (ultrasound exposure, magnetic therapy, SUF, SMV methods).
  2. Bacteriostatic (KUF, darsonvalization of the affected area, endonasal electrophoresis with antibiotics and bacteriostatics).
  3. Antiviral (inhalation and electrophoresis with interferon).

The main methods that are applicable for almost any type of runny nose are the following:

  • Inhalation procedures.
  • Ultrasound therapy.
  • Magnetic therapy.
  • KUF.
  • Electrophoresis with electrodes placed directly into the nasal passages (endonasal).
  • Rinsing the nose with saline solutions.
  • Darsonval to the affected area.

For the treatment of inflammatory pathologies of the nasal passages, the following may be recommended:

  • UHF to the affected area.
  • Dry heat (applicable at home).
  • Warming up reflex zones (mustard foot baths, dry mustard, etc.) in a medical facility is SUF therapy.
  • SMV treatment (centimeter wave therapy).
  • It is also recommended to rinse the nose with local antiseptics (Ectericide, Miramistin).

If the maxillary sinuses are affected, rinsing methods may be recommended:

  • According to Proetz (the method is commonly known as the “cuckoo method”).
  • Using a pit catheter.

For vasomator rhinitis, the doctor may recommend special breathing practices, acupressure or acupuncture.

If children have a runny nose, all of the above procedures, if there are no contraindications, can be carried out. Therefore, it is worth considering each in more detail.

Inhalation procedures

This method is easy to perform. It can be carried out the “grandmother’s” way - inhaling steam over a bowl, or using modern methods using various devices. Nebulizers are the most popular today. With their help you can enter:

  • Medicines.
  • Herbal remedies.
  • Moisturizing solutions.
  • Softening and wound-healing oils.

Using a nebulizer, it is easy to organize treatment for the smallest child. The advantages of this technique are:

  • Minimum contraindications (especially for hardware options).
  • Minimum complications and side effects (the main complication is an allergy to the injected drug).
  • Direct delivery of the drug to the affected areas of the mucosa, bypassing the digestive system, as when taking tablets, and the liver, as when administering the drug intramuscularly.
  • The effect is not only on the mucous lining of the nose, but also on the respiratory system as a whole.

An additional advantage of using a nebulizer is that the drug is sprayed into very small particles. This makes it easier to absorb and reduces consumption. The less medication enters the body, the lower the risk of complications/side effects.

Ultrasound therapy

Ultrasound therapy (UST) is sometimes called cellular vibration massage. But provoking cell vibrations is not all that ultrasound can do. He:

  • Stimulates metabolic processes, increasing the permeability of cell membranes.
  • Increases blood flow at the site of exposure by increasing the temperature in the affected area. This factor helps fight stagnation and swelling.
  • Potentiates the production of enzymes, hyaluronate, elastin and collagen.
  • Accelerates cell division (proliferation) and renewal.

The procedure helps fight signs of inflammation. It is carried out at least an hour after eating. The minimum break between UST courses is 3 months.

During treatment with UST, you should not indulge in alcohol, take sleeping pills or narcotic substances.

Magnetic therapy

This method is considered controversial in the global medical community. But a number of countries recognize it as effective. The influence of a static magnetic field on metabolic, nervous and immune processes comprehensively stimulates the body to fight inflammation. It is believed that such physical procedures change the physical and chemical components of the body’s aqueous media, affect the structure of large molecules, and change the permeability of cell membranes. All this activates the body’s own mechanisms and processes of fighting inflammation.

KUF, SUF, or ultraviolet treatment

This method involves the use of short UV waves. The main effects of this procedure include bactericidal (destroying microbial/fungal cells). UV light of this range penetrates the cell of a pathogenic microorganism and destroys its DNA/RNA or provokes mutogenesis that is lethal for microorganisms (a change in DNA leading to the non-viability of the cell).

In parallel, UV irradiation stimulates phagocytosis and the work of leukocytes in the lesion. The FUF procedure is carried out using tubes of different diameters. The SUF procedure is light ultraviolet irradiation (before the appearance of erythema) of the collar area and soles.

Endonasal electrophoresis and darsonval

If a patient has a cold, that is, a respiratory bacterial or viral infection with a runny nose, he is recommended one of the indicated procedures. Both methods are based on the dissociation of the drug in water under the influence of weak electrical currents. This solution penetrates well into tissues and is absorbed. Moreover, this method allows the delivery of colloidal solutions and protein medications.

Rinsing with saline solutions and local antiseptics

This procedure is easy to perform and does not require a visit to the clinic. This is done using special teapots or other devices (preferably) or a disposable syringe. The latter method is possible, but is not recommended by otolaryngologists, because, coming under pressure, the liquid can throw viable microorganisms deep into the nasal passages.

House flushing

Rinsing with saline solutions is effective for rhinitis of any origin (from bacterial to allergic). It is also recommended to rinse the nasal passages with medicinal herbs (their decoctions) and antiseptics for bacterial infections. The procedure is fine:

  • Moisturizes the mucous membrane.
  • Softens the mucous membrane.
  • Has a weak bactericidal and drying effect.
  • It also removes germs and allergens from the mucous membrane.

When using saline solution there are no side effects from the administration of the substance. Even allergic reactions do not occur.

Cuckoo

The procedure is performed in a clinic by medical staff (a doctor and a nurse). The patient is placed on his side, the doctor pours one of the antiseptic solutions (Furacilin, Miramistin) into one nostril, and the nurse uses an aspirator to remove the solution and the contents of the paranasal sinuses from the other nostril.

Yamic catheterization

The device for carrying out the procedure consists of the catheter itself and two balloons. After local anesthesia of the nasal passages, the catheter is inserted deep into the nasal cavity. The balloons create a pressure difference that provokes self-removal of the contents of the nasal passages and paranasal sinuses.

UHF method

Based on the effect of high-frequency EM (electromagnetic field) on the human body. Moreover, such EO penetrates deeply into all environments and tissues of the body. With adequately selected doses, serious changes occur in tissues:

  • Cell proliferation (reproduction by division) in connective tissue increases.
  • The permeability of the capillary walls increases, and due to this, immune compounds penetrate into the affected area in greater quantities.
  • Blood and lymph flow is significantly accelerated.

This makes it possible to effectively use this method for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Dry heat, foot baths

These methods are good for inflammatory runny nose. All these procedures stimulate metabolic processes and stimulate the body's own forces to fight inflammation.

Dry heat is usually applied topically (to the affected area). As heating elements at home, a boiled egg, bags of semolina and salt are used (the substance is preheated to high temperatures in the oven or in a frying pan).

Baths with mustard are good for fighting nasal swelling and inflammation caused by pathogenic bacteria. It is dissolved in hot water (38–40 C), then the feet are dipped into the water and steamed for about 15 minutes.

Centimeter wave therapy

Treatment with this method can be started in the second phase of the disease. It is based on the effect on the body of EM with a wavelength of 12.6 cm. The main effects of this procedure are:

  • Mild analgesic.
  • Active anti-inflammatory.
  • Metabolic (all metabolic processes and tissue trophism at the site of the lesion are accelerated).
  • Secretory (enzymes are actively produced that help fight inflammation).

Each of the mentioned methods has indications and contraindications. Many procedures are usually recommended for chronic inflammatory processes or during the recovery stage of acute pathology. That is why a physiotherapist should prescribe such treatment.

Source: http://elaxsir.ru/lekarstva/drugie-lekarstva/fizioterapiya-dlya-nosa.html

Modern physiotherapy in otolaryngology (ENT practice)

What is physiotherapy?

Physiotherapy is a branch of medicine that studies the therapeutic and physiological effects of both artificially created and completely natural physical factors. She develops methods of using them for therapeutic and preventive purposes. All physiotherapeutic interventions used in our otolaryngology department in Kyiv have virtually no side effects and are quite convenient and easy to use.

Physiotherapy of ENT organs quite often complements the basic treatment of many ENT diseases.

Unlike other types of therapy (for example, drug and chemotherapy), physiotherapy has a huge number of advantages:

  • wide range of applications;
  • soft, gentle, but quite intense effect on the ENT organs;
  • absence of various side effects;
  • awakening the body’s own regenerative functions;
  • enhanced effect of the main treatment method.

Modern physiotherapy in ENT practice

The ENT doctor at our clinic in Kyiv uses the latest developments in the field of physiotherapy and modern equipment from the world’s best manufacturers in his practice. For each patient, our experienced otolaryngologists select an individual course of physical therapy, taking into account the diagnostic results and the general health of the patient. In our clinic, the following types of physiotherapy are used to treat ENT diseases:

Laser therapy of ENT organs

Laser therapy in the treatment of diseases of the ENT organs in our Kyiv clinic is used as an independent method of treatment, to improve immunity and in combination with other treatment methods. Laser therapy for the treatment of the ear, larynx and nose helps:

  • Reduce or completely eliminate discomfort, pain and other pathologies of the ENT organs (reduction or loss of smell, hearing, etc.);
  • Eliminate both local and general manifestations of the inflammatory process of the ear, larynx and nose;
  • Restore lost or altered function of the ENT organs;
  • Block impulses along pain nerves, which leads to an improvement in overall well-being by reducing pain.

Magnetic therapy for the treatment of ENT diseases

Magnetotherapy in our ENT department in Kyiv is effectively used to combat ENT ailments. This method of physiotherapy is based on the effect of a magnetic field on the human body. It has no side effects and virtually no contraindications. It is used for calming, analgesic, anti-inflammatory effects. Magnetotherapy copes well with acute and chronic inflammation of the ENT organs.

Laser reflexology for the treatment of ENT organs

The essence of laser reflexology is that with point exposure and stimulation of acupuncture points with low-intensity laser radiation, regenerative processes in tissues are stimulated, as well as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Laser reflexology is indicated for chronic tonsillitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis, otitis media, rhinitis and sinusitis.

Ozone therapy Kyiv ENT

Cryotherapy of ENT organs

Cryotherapy of Kyiv ENT organs is a modern method of physiotherapy, in which short-term exposure to low temperatures (about -200 degrees) on damaged areas leads to effective treatment of the ear, nose and throat. The otolaryngologist at our clinic “freezes out” the affected areas of soft tissue, while healthy tissue continues to function fully and remains completely undamaged. Cryotherapy is used for sinusitis, tonsillitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, as well as cryotherapy for adenoids Kyiv.

Medicinal electrophoresis in ENT

The use of drug electrophoresis in our otolaryngology department combines the effects of direct current and drugs. Medicinal substances are injected into the skin using current, where they have a long-term therapeutic effect on the affected organs.

As a result of this method of physiotherapy, there are practically no adverse reactions, since the current has an antiallergic effect. The procedure itself is absolutely painless and does not damage the mucous membranes or skin.

Medicinal electrophoresis is indicated for otosclerosis, acoustic neuritis, tinnitus and other ENT diseases of an allergic, chronic and acute nature.

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Source: http://lor.co.ua/sovremennaya-fizioterapiya-v-otolaringologii-lor-praktike-kiev/

Physiotherapy in the treatment of ENT diseases

Physiotherapy or ERT is one of the oldest therapeutic and preventive areas of medicine, which includes many sections describing a number of separate or complex treatment methods based on the use of one or another physical factor.

Physiotherapy is one of the safest methods of treatment today and is used both independently and in combination with other treatment methods (for example, surgery or pharmacotherapy). Modern physiotherapy is directly related to physics, chemistry, electrical and radio engineering, biophysics, biochemistry, as well as quantum physics.

This is probably why highly specialized doctors poorly understand the mechanisms of action of this treatment method or underestimate the modern capabilities of this method. The mechanism of action is based on the body's reflex response to the stimulus. This happens due to the conversion of energy (electrical, mechanical, thermal) into biological processes directly and, of course, through its conversion into bioenergetic processes at the molecular level.

That is, various electromagnetic radiation affecting the tissues of the body first causes biophysical changes at the level of atoms and molecules, then biochemical changes at the level of cells, tissues, and organs. The integrated use of natural and artificial physical factors (hardware methods) accelerates the achievement of positive changes in the patient’s body during the recovery process.

Physiotherapeutic methods of treatment, like all others, are prescribed taking into account:

  • Русский
  • features of the pathology (disease);
  • stages of the disease, severity;
  • anamnesis and medical history of the patient;
  • age, gender;
  • physical and mental state;
  • geography of residence.
  • Other factors may also be taken into account, such as social status, the patient’s personal attitude towards the proposed treatment methods, etc.

INDICATIONS: Chronic inflammatory diseases, cicatricial adhesions, recovery period after injuries and diseases, neuralgia, VSD, pain syndrome of unknown origin.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Malignant neoplasms, acute period of diseases, heart failure stage II - III. severity, and some other private contraindications.

Among the major sections of physiotherapy are:

  • Русский
  • laser (quantum) therapy, light therapy (phototherapy);
  • electrotherapy;
  • magnetic therapy;
  • heat therapy.

A separate section includes spa therapy (or balneology), which combines many private methods of applying all of the above.

Light therapy (phototherapy).

The use of visible and invisible (infrared) light rays for the purpose of thermal effects, causing a short-term relaxing and analgesic effect (LASER AND QUANTUM THERAPY DEVICES)

A special type of monochrome (one-color) and highly coherent light radiation is used, obtained using optical quantum generators - lasers. Low-intensity laser radiation causes an acceleration of recovery processes in the body and has an analgesic and absorbable effect.

Laser therapy significantly improves drug treatment and allows you to reduce the intake of pills and mixtures, while putting less strain on the body. The therapeutic effect is enhanced by simultaneous exposure to various radiations: continuous infrared, pulsed laser and magnetic fields.

Light phototherapy devices (quantum):

  • Русский
  • for small children under 3 years old: MILTA F8-01
  • for middle-aged children: MILTA F5-01, VITYAZ (equipped with an ENT attachment);
  • for older children and adults: MILTA-F-5-01, VITYAZ.

In addition to those already mentioned, sources of narrow-band polarized light are also used (GESKA apparatus)

Electrical stimulation.

The essence of the method is the use of low-frequency monopolar pulses of rectangular, triangular and exponential shapes at low current. It is used for electrical stimulation of the muscles of the vocal cords and for persistent pain with residual effects of chronic inflammation. It has a positive effect on the brain stem, which regulates the main part of the body’s functions (DIADENS-PKM device).

Along with traditional ones, innovative methods of physiotherapy are used. For example, in the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss, the method of transcranial electrical stimulation (TES therapy) is used - selective activation of brain structures with weak currents through cutaneous electrodes.

The listed methods of exposure to low-frequency currents, due to their proximity to the body’s own physiological regulatory mechanisms, when used correctly, are capable of influencing the underlying foundations of pathology.

These methods, unfortunately, are not widely used in ENT and some other clinical practices, but have a broad therapeutic and health-improving effect, counteracting the very prerequisites for the chronicity of inflammatory and degenerative processes.

Magnetotherapy.

It is based on the effect of a magnetic field of relatively high intensity on the body. has virtually no thermal effects and does not have any side hypotensive effects, which significantly expands the indications for this therapy. These are Magnetic therapy devices: MAG-30; ALMAG-01.

It is characterized by an analgesic, sedative, anti-inflammatory effect, and reduces blood clotting. Indicated for acute, subacute and chronic inflammatory processes.

Heat therapy.

In addition to sources of dry heat (salt, sand, heating pad), a variety of therapeutic muds (peloids) and peloid-like substances (paraffin, ozokerite, naphthalan, clay) are used for thermal effects on the body. Their common properties are high heat capacity and relatively low thermal conductivity.

The use of coolants causes local blood flow, stimulation of metabolic reactions and a moderate analgesic effect. If the disease is long-standing, heat treatment is carried out in combination with electrotherapy, alternating these methods every other day, or the course of heat treatment is preceded by electrophoresis or electrical stimulation. Heat therapy devices: FAIRY

INDICATIONS: Common for other physiotherapy techniques.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Heat treatment is contraindicated for purulent diseases, at least in the acute period, for open skin injuries, and for increased bleeding.

Many of the physiotherapy devices for the treatment of ENT diseases can be used at home by the patients themselves. However, the tactics of conducting the treatment or recovery period should be determined by the doctor. Don’t hesitate to ask for advice again!

Source: http://www.med-apparatus.ru/disease/zabolevaniya-ukha-gorla-i-nosa/fizioterapiya-v-lechenii-lor-zabolevaniy/

Physiotherapy in the treatment of ENT diseases in children

Viral infections, chronic tonsillitis and adenoids are diseases that almost all parents have to deal with. How to competently and effectively cope with these problems? Drug treatment does not always give the desired result, so you should take an integrated approach. One of the additional methods that has an excellent effect is physiotherapy, namely ultraviolet irradiation. A quartz lamp for the home is the key to your child’s health.

Impact of ultraviolet irradiators on the body

Local exposure to ultraviolet light in a properly selected dosage can significantly improve health. UV effects:

  • antibacterial;
  • anti-inflammatory;
  • decongestant;
  • restorative;
  • desensitizing.

Most bacteria and viruses are extremely sensitive to ultraviolet radiation. This property allows the use of irradiators for infectious diseases. They can also be used for prophylactic purposes during seasonal increases in incidence.

By reducing swelling and relieving inflammation, ultraviolet irradiation can significantly improve the patient's condition. Already after the first sessions, a lasting result is felt.

Ultraviolet light stimulates protective processes in the body and activates the immune system. This allows the child to more actively resist diseases.

The desensitizing effect allows you to reduce sensitivity to allergens, which makes it possible to use ultraviolet irradiation for allergic rhinitis

Indications

Ultraviolet irradiation as an additional method of therapy is effectively used for a wide range of diseases.

Ural irradiation is indicated for children with respiratory diseases. The procedure helps destroy the pathogen and relieves inflammation. During an epidemic, this physiotherapeutic method is good for prevention.

Ultraviolet irradiation is indispensable in the treatment of chronic diseases of the nasopharynx: adenoid vegetations, chronic tonsillitis, carriage of staphylococcus and other pathogenic flora. The use of ultraviolet radiation can reduce the number of exacerbations of these diseases and fight viruses and bacteria. The use of this method in most cases leads to reduction of the adenoids, avoiding surgical treatment.

Physiotherapy room in your home

Many doctors prescribe ultraviolet radiation to their young patients. To do this, you have to visit a physiotherapy room at the clinic. This is due to a number of inconveniences: the need to go outside during the cold season, waiting in line, and contact with a large number of infectious patients. The “Sun” quartz lamp is an opportunity to undergo treatment without leaving home. This physiotherapy device is indispensable for families with children. It will provide the opportunity to undergo treatment when it is necessary, and not wait for your turn at the clinic. In addition, the device can be used to disinfect indoor air. This is especially true when one of the family members gets sick.

Unfortunately, all children, especially in preschool age, often suffer from respiratory diseases, and the number of children with adenoids in some regions reaches 20-30%. In order to cope with these problems, it is important to have a comprehensive effect on the body, one of the irreplaceable components of which is physiotherapy.

If you want your child to be healthy, it is advisable to buy a quartz lamp “Sun” OUFK, which is intended for household use. The effectiveness and safety of this device has been proven over time.

Your family doctor - quartz lamp

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Source: http://www.milleta.ru/articles/fizioterapiya-v-lechenii-zabolevaniy-lor-organov-u-detey/

Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of diseases

Basic principles of physiotherapy for ear, nose and throat diseases

Basic principles of the use of physiotherapy in the complex treatment and prevention of diseases of the ear, nose and throat

The possibility and necessity of using one or another factor at each stage of development of the pathological process in a particular patient is determined by the initial state of the body as a whole from the point of view of the possibility of forming biological systems of protection and compensation and the localization, structural, morphological and functional state of the pathological focus from the point of view of the appropriateness of prescribing the type energy, taking into account its specific physico-chemical action.

For some pathological conditions, regardless of whether they are associated with the underlying disease or not, physiotherapy is not prescribed, since the stimulating effect of therapeutic doses of physical types of energy can adversely affect the patient's condition. These include (contraindications to physiotherapy): malignant neoplasms of any localization or suspicion of their presence, benign tumors capable of malignant degeneration, active forms of tuberculosis, systemic blood diseases, decompensated forms of pathology of the endocrine glands, severe toxic conditions, cachexia. Considering that almost all types of physiotherapy require regulation of temperature homeostasis with an obligatory vascular component and an increase in the load on the cardiovascular system (including the heart muscle), physiotherapy is not prescribed for febrile conditions. Patients suffering from cardiovascular insufficiency, severe atherosclerosis, aneurysms of the great vessels, hypertension above stage IIA, cardiac conduction disorders, angina pectoris, compensated forms of endocrine pathology, organic diseases of the brain or its membranes, need consultation with specialists, since physiotherapy in a number cases can be prescribed in conjunction with medications that prevent unwanted side reactions in the treatment of diseases of the ear, nose and throat. These forms of pathology are considered general contraindications to the prescription of physiotherapy and will not be indicated further.

A special approach requires the use of physiotherapy in children and the elderly with diseases of the ENT organs. In the first case, age-related features of tissue composition (increased water content), skin structure, imperfect thermoregulation and a tendency to generalized reactions are important; in the second case, the presence of age-related changes in the vascular system and a decrease in the body’s adaptive capabilities.

Assessment of the localization, structural, morphological and functional state of the pathological focus from the point of view of the advisability of prescribing one or another physical factor, taking into account its specific action, is carried out according to the following data.

To resolve the issue of the possibility of direct impact on the lesion with certain types of energy or products of its transformation along humoral pathways, nerve conductors or the creative pathway, it is necessary to establish in which tissues and at what depth the pathological focus is located. It is also necessary to take into account in which cavity the pathological process develops - open or closed, that is, whether there are conditions for the outflow of pathological contents.

Determining the nature of the inflammatory process (acute, subacute or chronic) is not a sufficient condition for the correct prescription of physiotherapy.

In the development of an acute inflammatory process, the first phase is distinguished - mainly alteration and infiltration, the second - mainly exudation and the third - proliferation. The nature of the increase in symptoms during the development of the disease is important, which indirectly indicates the patient’s reactivity in relation to the pathogenic factor that caused the disease.

With a hyperergic form of the course and high fever in the first phase, it is possible to prescribe only local cold procedures and agents that reduce vascular permeability, inhibitors of inflammatory mediators, and antimicrobial drugs. With a normergic course, moderate thermal procedures can be applied to the area of ​​the pathological focus, an ultra-high frequency electric field, ultra-high frequency electromagnetic waves, and UV radiation.

An acute inflammatory reaction can be stopped during the first phase of its development. In this case, the result should be predicted only for the next 1-2 days. Stabilization of clinical symptoms or reduction of pathological signs indicates the correct choice of treatment method and a favorable outcome. The increase in clinical symptoms on the 2nd day indicates the transition of the process to stage II. In this case, with the development of acute purulent inflammation in a closed cavity, the question of surgical intervention is raised; if it is localized in an open cavity, physiotherapy methods are indicated.

During phase III of the inflammatory process, physiotherapy aimed at activating regeneration processes is indicated. In this case, the prognosis for further restoration of organ function should be taken into account.

In case of subacute and recurrent inflammatory processes, organic diseases of nearby or functionally related organs, unfavorable environmental conditions, and bad habits are first of all excluded.

The complex of therapeutic measures includes means and methods that actively influence adaptation mechanisms. Preference is given to such physiotherapeutic factors as direct currents, medicinal electrophoresis, pulsed currents, alternating high-frequency magnetic fields, as well as water and heat therapy. In recurrent forms of the disease, the elimination of acute phenomena should not be regarded as a cure for the patient. It is mandatory to prescribe courses of anti-relapse therapy and hardening.

Particular care is required when using physiotherapy for chronic pathological processes of the ear, nose and throat. As the pathological process develops, more and more structural and morphological units are involved, the function of central regulatory mechanisms is disrupted, the phenomena of reactivity restructuring increase, the functioning of the endocrine system changes, normal biological rhythms are disrupted, and the nature of the body’s interaction with environmental factors changes. In a chronic pathological process, the currently dominant symptoms do not always reflect the main pathogenetic links of the disease. Under these conditions, it is important to correctly resolve the issue of cause-and-effect relationships between groups of pathological signs.

Physiotherapy for chronic diseases of the ENT organs should be prescribed taking into account all pathological changes both directly in the ear, throat or nose area, and those organs and systems that caused the disease or were involved in the pathological process secondary.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of physiotherapy for chronic pathological processes and prediction of the effect are carried out no earlier than after 10-12 procedures. It should also be taken into account that after the first 3-4 procedures, some patients experience a deterioration in their condition. If such deterioration is not accompanied by significant disturbances in the general condition, physiotherapy should not be canceled.

In order to prevent energy overload of the patient, it is advisable to draw up a treatment plan, which determines the sequence of course effects.

When treating chronic diseases in the acute stage, you should never limit yourself to eliminating the signs of exacerbation. During the period of remission, the patient undergoes a full course of physiotherapy aimed at increasing the adaptive capabilities of biological control systems.

The most common mistake when prescribing physiotherapy for chronic diseases of the ENT organs is the tendency to necessarily directly influence the pathological focus. It should be taken into account that the volume of effector excitation of nerve centers primarily depends on the state of the receptor apparatus (situational afferentation of the internal environment). In chronic forms of pathology, that is, with prolonged exposure to a pathogenic factor, the receptor apparatus appears to be altered, which entails an inadequate response to external signals (physiotherapeutic effects). Therefore, in case of chronic diseases, the complex of therapeutic measures must additionally include segmental and general effects, as well as effects on reflexogenic zones, the dominant afferentation of which can take the leading role in the formation of an adequate response.

The specific choice of physiotherapeutic interventions is made taking into account the following factors:

  • general condition of the patient (functional capabilities of organs and systems that provide compensatory reactions of the body);
  • the state of the pathological focus at the time of physiotherapy prescription (localization, nature and severity of clinical manifestations, the presumed morphological substrate that caused the dysfunction). The nature of the increase in symptoms before the appointment of physiotherapy;
  • based on the information received and the results of an objective study, set the goals of physiotherapy in relation to this patient, the time for its inclusion in the general complex of therapeutic measures;
  • based on knowledge of the physiological mechanisms of action of physical factors, determine the most adequate method, the specific features of which correspond to the tasks set at this stage;
  • consider options for the course of the disease and possible outcomes, taking into account maximum restoration of organ function;
  • As the disease progresses, make adjustments to prescriptions based on the patient’s response;
  • give the patient appropriate recommendations aimed at further restoration of organ function and its preservation.

Currently, in clinical otolaryngology, almost all known physical factors are used to a greater or lesser extent, which, according to the modern classification (A.P. Obrosov, V.G. Yasnogorodsky, 1976), include 10 groups of artificially obtained and natural physical factors .

Source: http://medakon.ru/%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF %D0%B8%D1%8F/%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D1%80 %D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%8B-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD% D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0 %B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B8

The value of CUF therapy in the treatment of diseases of the ENT organs and respiratory system

Physiotherapy offers numerous techniques that actively help eliminate the most dangerous toxins and viruses. Widespread use in complex therapy makes it possible to effectively treat and prevent colds, ARVI, diseases of muscle tissue and joints. A very popular procedure is FUV - a directed stream of short ultraviolet waves.

FUF of the nose and throat: the essence of the procedure

The essence of the healing process is that short waves of the ultraviolet spectrum have a beneficial effect on the body affected by viruses. In addition, the flow provokes the production of biologically active radicals and destroys the protein structures of pathogens. There are several wavelengths:

  • nm have bactericidal, mycocidal and antiviral effects;
  • 254 nm causes lethal mutations of bacteria and viruses, in which they lose the ability to reproduce. They have a particularly active effect on the pathogens of diphtheria, tetanus, and dysentery.

Indications

The indications for prescribing CF are numerous and multifaceted. Due to the high effectiveness and efficiency of the procedure, the course is prescribed to both young children and the elderly.

The appointment of KUF is carried out exclusively by a doctor after a comprehensive examination and diagnostics. Indications in the field of ENT are as follows:

How is it carried out?

The specifics of the procedure depend on where exactly the source of the disease is located.

FUF irradiation of the nose is performed on the patient while sitting, with his head slightly tilted back. Using a special nozzle, a medical professional inserts the wave emitter to a shallow depth into each nostril in turn.

The photo shows a physiotherapeutic procedure for FUF of the throat and nose

What you need to know

Therapy through the use of CUF is an amazingly effective physiotherapeutic procedure, which, when used correctly and under the constant supervision of a physician, brings enormous benefits to the body.

Its prescription as a therapeutic or preventive course is made exclusively by the doctor on a strictly individual basis. It is recommended for children from a very early age; KUF has no contraindications during normal pregnancy, does not affect lactation and does not complicate symptomatic diseases in elderly patients.

No special preparation is required for FFA; you just need to undergo a set of diagnostic measures in a medical institution. Therapy can also be carried out at home, having a quartz apparatus with an established special range. Details of use should be studied according to the attached instructions and obtain advice from the treating ENT doctor.

Technique

The procedure is carried out in a medical institution in a specially adapted room - a room or office. At home, it is necessary to carry out procedures in a clean, well-ventilated room.

  • When starting work, you should turn on the device and leave it on for 3-5 minutes to set the required radiation intensity. To turn it on and off, special safety glasses must be used.
  • The device is installed on a table; the patient must sit on the chair required for the procedure so that its height does not require strain and does not cause discomfort.
  • Radiation is carried out under the supervision of a nurse, especially if it is necessary to use additional ENT instruments.
  • The duration of the session is selected by the attending physician and is carried out according to an increasing pattern from 15 to minutes. Depending on the task, the course consists of one or three biodoses.

The benefits and harms of the procedure

Like any therapeutic technique, FUF has its positive and negative sides. The obvious priorities of the ultraviolet method include stimulation of vitamin D, vital for the body, development and thickening of the epidermis, and production of melanin.

Negative factors and consequences are few, however, FFA can cause the following complications:

  1. Damage to the cornea of ​​the eye;
  2. Aging effect from light flux;
  3. Radiation burn of mucous membranes;
  4. Possible long-term development of oncological processes.

Usually, all these unpleasant moments arise from improper and unprofessional handling of the device, as well as from self-medication.

Indications, benefits and harms of the procedure:

Contraindications

Despite the wide range of uses and excellent therapeutic effect, CUF has a number of categorical contraindications. Procedures are not prescribed

  • With increased sensitivity of mucous membranes;
  • Against the background of a mental or nervous illness;
  • Nephropathy, hepatitis, porphyria in any phase of the course;
  • In the presence of callous ulcers of the stomach and intestinal tract;
  • Acute form of cerebral blood flow disorders;
  • With hypocoagulation syndrome;
  • In the acute period of myocardial infarction.

How to use KUF to treat diseases of the ENT organs:

conclusions

Nowadays, medicine uses the most advanced achievements of science, innovative technologies are being introduced and developed. Nevertheless, physiotherapeutic treatment is still popular today and is in demand as an addition to the complex of therapy for a wide variety of diseases.

KUF is very popular for infectious and viral pathologies of ENT organs. Ultraviolet radiation destroys viruses, has a bactericidal effect and stops the worsening of inflammatory processes. The procedure is used in various fields of therapeutic and preventive medicine, as well as in cosmetology.

Source: http://gidmed.com/otorinolarintologija/lechenie-lor/fizioterapiya/kuf.html