What are sinusitis symptoms

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Sinusitis

Sinusitis is an infectious and inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses. May be viral, bacterial, fungal or allergic in nature. General symptoms that characterize the course of sinusitis include increased body temperature, pain in the projection of the paranasal sinuses, difficulty in nasal breathing, and serous-purulent discharge from the nose.

Table of contents:

Sinusitis is recognized on the basis of radiography, ultrasound, CT and MRI of the paranasal sinuses, and diagnostic puncture. For sinusitis, antibiotic therapy, physiotherapy, therapeutic lavage, puncture and drainage, traditional and endoscopic operations on the paranasal sinuses are carried out.

Sinusitis

Sinusitis is an inflammatory process in one or more paranasal sinuses. Sinusitis is diagnosed in 0.02% of the adult population; In children, upper respiratory tract infections are complicated by the development of sinusitis in 0.5% of cases. In otolaryngology, sinusitis includes inflammation of the maxillary sinus - sinusitis, frontal sinus - frontal sinusitis, sphenoid sinus - sphenoiditis, ethmoid labyrinth - ethmoiditis. According to the current, acute and chronic sinusitis are distinguished. There is fever, headache, congestion and purulent discharge from the nose, swelling of the face in the area of ​​the inflamed sinus. If left untreated, serious complications develop: inflammation of the optic nerve and membranes of the eye, osteomyelitis, brain abscess, meningitis.

Causes of sinusitis development

The nasal cavity communicates with seven paranasal sinuses: two frontal, two maxillary, two ethmoid and one sphenoid. The sinuses are connected to the nasal cavity by narrow passages. Through these passages, constant drainage (cleaning) of the sinuses is carried out. If the sinuses for some reason stop clearing, secretions stagnate in them and favorable conditions are created for the development of sinusitis.

The openings of the nasal sinuses can be blocked due to various deformations of the intranasal structures (hypertrophic rhinitis, curvature of the nasal septum, abnormalities in the structure of the ethmoid labyrinth and nasal concha). Viral infection is another risk factor for sinusitis. As a result of inflammation, the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity swells. The mucous glands begin to produce large amounts of secretion. The openings of the paranasal sinuses narrow further due to swelling of the mucous membrane and become clogged with thick pathological secretions.

Impaired ventilation, stagnation of secretions and oxygen deficiency in the tissues of the sinuses become the impetus for the intensive development of opportunistic flora. A viral infection is accompanied by a bacterial one. The severity of sinusitis depends on the virulence of the microbes that cause inflammation. The widespread use of antibiotics leads to the fact that the bacterial flora that causes the development of sinusitis is often characterized by increased resistance (resistance) to most antibiotics.

In recent years, sinusitis is increasingly caused by fungi. The reason for this trend also lies in the unjustified use of antibiotic therapy, which negatively affects the state of the immune system, disrupts the normal composition of the microflora and creates favorable conditions for the development of mycotic infections. Sinusitis at the initial stage is not necessarily caused by microbes. Swelling of the mucous membrane, leading to the closure of the anastomosis of the paranasal sinuses, can be caused by inhalation of cold air and a number of chemicals.

However, the most common cause of sinusitis is immunodeficiency conditions and allergic reactions. Allergies cause vasomotor rhinitis, one of the manifestations of which is swelling of the nasal mucosa. The process is repeated several times. As a result, chronic sinusitis develops in approximately 80% of patients with vasomotor rhinitis.

Classification of sinusitis

Depending on the location of the process, the following types of sinusitis are distinguished:

  • Sinusitis. The inflammatory process affects the maxillary (maxillary) sinus.
  • Ethmoiditis. Inflammation develops in the ethmoid labyrinth.
  • Frontit. The pathological process covers the frontal sinus.
  • Sphenoiditis. Inflammation occurs in the sphenoid sinus.

The first place in prevalence is occupied by sinusitis, the second by ethmoiditis, the third by frontal sinusitis and the fourth by sphenoiditis. One- or two-sided damage is possible. The process may involve one or more sinuses. If the inflammation covers all the paranasal sinuses, the disease is called pansinusitis.

All sinusitis can occur acutely, subacutely or chronically. Acute sinusitis is usually provoked by a runny nose, flu, scarlet fever, measles and other infectious diseases. The disease lasts 2-4 weeks. Subacute sinusitis most often results from improper or insufficient treatment of acute sinusitis. Symptoms of the disease in subacute sinusitis last from 4 to 12 weeks. Chronic sinusitis becomes the outcome of repeated acute sinusitis of infectious etiology or develops as a complication of allergic rhinitis. The criterion for chronicity of the process is the presence of sinusitis symptoms for 12 weeks or more.

Depending on the nature of the inflammation, there are three forms of sinusitis:

  • edematous-catarrhal. Only the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses is affected. The process is accompanied by the release of serous discharge;
  • purulent. Inflammation spreads to the deep layers of tissue of the paranasal sinuses. The discharge becomes purulent;
  • mixed. There are signs of edematous-catarrhal and purulent sinusitis.

Symptoms of sinusitis

Clinical manifestations of sinusitis are described in detail in the article “Sinusitis”.

Symptoms of ethmoiditis

As a rule, the inflammatory process in the anterior sections of the ethmoid labyrinth develops simultaneously with frontal sinusitis or sinusitis. Inflammation of the posterior sections of the ethmoidal labyrinth is often accompanied by sphenoiditis.

A patient with ethmoiditis complains of headaches, pressing pain in the bridge of the nose and root of the nose. In children, pain is often accompanied by conjunctival hyperemia and swelling of the internal parts of the lower and upper eyelids. Some patients experience neurological pain.

Body temperature usually rises. The discharge in the first days of the disease is serous, then becomes purulent. The sense of smell is sharply reduced, nasal breathing is difficult. With severe sinusitis, inflammation can spread to the orbit, causing protrusion of the eyeball and severe swelling of the eyelids.

Symptoms of sinusitis

Frontal sinusitis, as a rule, is more severe than other sinusitis. Characterized by hyperthermia, difficulty in nasal breathing, and discharge from half of the nose on the affected side. Patients are concerned about intense pain in the forehead area, more pronounced in the morning. Some patients develop a decreased sense of smell and photophobia, and pain in the eyes.

The intensity of headaches decreases after emptying the affected sinus and increases when the outflow of contents becomes difficult. In some cases (usually with influenza frontal sinusitis), a change in skin color in the forehead, swelling of the eyebrow area and the upper eyelid on the affected side are detected.

Chronic sinusitis is often accompanied by hypertrophy of the mucous membrane of the middle nasal meatus. Polyps may appear. Sometimes inflammation spreads to bone structures, leading to their necrosis and the formation of fistulas.

Symptoms of sphenoiditis

Sphenoiditis rarely occurs in isolation. Usually develops simultaneously with inflammation of the ethmoid sinus. Patients complain of headaches in the orbit, the area of ​​the crown and back of the head, or the depth of the head. In chronic sphenoiditis, inflammation sometimes spreads to the optic chiasm, leading to progressive loss of vision. Often chronic sphenoiditis is accompanied by mild clinical symptoms.

Complications of sinusitis

With sinusitis, the pathological process may involve the orbit and intracranial structures. Inflammation spreading deeper can lead to bone damage and the development of osteomyelitis. The most common complication of sinusitis is meningitis. The disease most often occurs with inflammation of the ethmoid labyrinth and sphenoid sinus. With frontal sinusitis, an epidural abscess or subdural (less commonly) brain abscess may develop.

Timely diagnosis of complications with sinusitis is sometimes difficult due to mild clinical symptoms. Advanced intracranial complications of sinusitis have an unfavorable prognosis and can cause death.

Diagnosis of sinusitis

The diagnosis of sinusitis is made on the basis of a characteristic clinical picture, an objective examination and additional research data. In the diagnostic process, radiography of the paranasal sinuses in two projections, ultrasound, nuclear magnetic resonance and CT scan of the paranasal sinuses are used. According to indications, a CT or MRI of the brain is performed to exclude complications.

Treatment of sinusitis

Therapy for acute sinusitis is aimed at relieving pain, eliminating the cause of the inflammatory process and restoring drainage of the sinuses. To normalize the outflow, otolaryngologists use vasoconstrictor drugs (naphazoline, oxymetazoline, xylometazoline, etc.), which eliminate swelling of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and sinus cavity.

The sinus evacuation method finds practical application for sinusitis. The procedure is carried out as follows: two catheters are inserted into different nasal passages. The antiseptic is fed into one catheter and aspirated through the other. Together with the antiseptic, pus and mucus are removed from the nasal cavity and sinus cavity.

For bacterial sinusitis, antibiotics are used. To free the sinus from pus, it is opened (sinusrotomy, etc.). For viral sinusitis, antibiotic therapy is not indicated, since antibiotics in this case are ineffective, can aggravate the disorder of the immune status, disrupt the normal composition of the microflora in the ENT organs and cause the process to become chronic.

Patients with acute sinusitis are prescribed antihistamines and absorbable drugs (to prevent the formation of adhesions in the inflamed sinuses). Antiallergic therapy is indicated for patients with sinusitis of allergic etiology. Treatment of exacerbation of chronic sinusitis is carried out according to principles similar to the treatment of acute inflammation. Physiotherapeutic procedures (diadynamic currents, UHF, etc.) are used during the treatment process.

If conservative treatment for chronic sinusitis is ineffective, surgical treatment is recommended. Surgeries performed on patients with chronic sinusitis are aimed at eliminating obstacles to normal drainage of the paranasal sinuses. Nasal polyps are removed with a laser, deviated nasal septum is corrected, etc. Surgeries on the sinuses are performed both using traditional methods and using endoscopic equipment.

Sinusitis - treatment in Moscow

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Sinusitis in children: symptoms and home treatment with folk remedies

How to treat sinusitis in a child?

Frontal sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinuses located behind the zygomatic arches in the frontal bone. The pathological process occurs regardless of age and sexual accessories. A statistical method in medicine shows that about 4% of children encounter this disease every year.

Symptoms and treatment for sinusitis in children may vary slightly depending on the form of the disease. Conservative therapy allows you to stop inflammation within a few days for prompt diagnosis. How to recognize the signs of sinusitis in children and prevent the chronic course of the disease?

Clinical picture of frontal sinusitis

The complexity of this disease lies in the fact that there is a need for simultaneous treatment of the maxillary sinuses. The close proximity of the frontal and maxillary sinuses contributes to the spread of the inflammatory process in the latter.

More guidelines for treating sinusitis and sinusitis can be found here.

Among the factors contributing to the disease, first of all, it is necessary to highlight the undeveloped immune defense in children, due to which the child’s body cannot cope with a viral infection. The result is the attachment of bacterial microorganisms.

In most cases, sinusitis is the result of long-term treatment of atypical pneumonia and prolonged cold. Among the secondary factors in the development of frontal sinusitis:

  • mechanical damage to the nose;
  • congenital or acquired deformation of the nasal septum;
  • pathological changes in lymphoid tissue (adenoids);
  • rhinitis caused by an allergic reaction.

For reference! Sinusitis is diagnosed in children over 5 years of age, because before this age the frontal sinuses are at the stage of formation.

Depending on the form of the disease (acute and chronic), symptoms may be more severe or vague.

The acute form of sinusitis includes pronounced symptoms such as:

  • pain in the lower part of the forehead, worse when palpating or bending over;
  • the patient speaks through his nose;
  • an increase in the production of liquid miconazole mucus of a grayish color, followed by the introduction of purulent exudate with a fetid odor;
  • prolonged nasal congestion;
  • pale facial skin, swelling in the inner corner of the eye and upper eyelid;

coughing attack after waking up;

  • intoxication (fever, chills, lethargy);
  • increased secretion of tear fluid and redness of the eyes.

    • Symptoms of the disease are characteristic of chronic sinusitis. In this case, pain is less pronounced with discomfort after the child wakes up, and in rare cases does not exist.

    Intoxication syndrome and nasal congestion of soft tissues. It is suspected that with chronic sinusitis there may be a constant runny nose, with an unpleasant odor from the miconazole mucous membrane, morning expectoration of accumulated mucus, all of which negatively affects the child’s health.

    If there is a suspicion of the development of frontal sinusitis, the child must receive prompt medical attention to avoid illness with chronic complications of meningitis, subdural or epidural abscess and sepsis.

    Important! With chronic sinusitis in children, there is a predisposition to the development of conjunctivitis.

    Confirmation of the diagnosis is within the competence of the ENT specialist. The report on the patient's condition and the nature of the disease is based on physical and instrumental studies (X-ray, ultrasound, clearing).

    Treatment of frontal sinusitis should be comprehensive, using conservative treatment methods. Folk remedies can be considered as an auxiliary effect, to generally strengthen the immune system and reduce the symptoms of symptoms.

    In addition to medical participation, parents must comply with General measures of influence:

    to create an optimal humidity level (60-70%) using special climate control devices or a wet room using wet towels;

    to satisfy increased alcohol consumption (the recommended fluid rate is calculated based on the child’s age);

    enter the dietary table.

    Without the use of pharmaceutical products, adherence to bed rest is impossible to achieve positive dynamics of the disease.

    This procedure allows you to restore the flow of mucous secretion, eliminate swelling, and restore nasal drainage function.

    At home, nasal irrigation can be carried out using pharmacological agents - “Phrase”, “Dolphin”, “Humer”, which greatly simplifies the procedure. A more budget-friendly method is saline solution prepared at home.

    Nasal lavage has virtually no contraindications, is not addictive, and enhances the therapeutic effect of nasal medications.

    The procedure can be performed in a hospital (“cuckoo”), but there is no age limit for this method once you reach the age of five. Nasal irrigation is a long-term course for the patient’s complete recovery.

    For reference! At normal body temperature and free outflow, physiotherapy is prescribed.

    Drugs with a vasoconstrictor effect significantly alleviate the child’s condition, reduce swelling of the mucous membrane and restore natural breathing. The prescribed short course is from 3 to 5 days, due to the likelihood of addiction to the active substance.

    Drugs in the amount of pediatric drugs are such as “Vibrozim”, “Long Child”, “Nafazolin”. Daily course of use: drops 3 R/day.

    Treatments for frontal sinusitis include pathological microorganisms without the use of antibiotics. In most cases, treatment of sinusitis is limited to the use of nasal antibiotics (Isofra, Polidexa, Bioparox).

    In rare cases, antibiotics may be given for general treatment of severe illness using the injection method of drug administration. The dosage and course of treatment are determined individually.

    Drugs that block histamine receptors in the body are prescribed to minimize swelling of the mucous membrane and normalize the child’s night sleep.

    The compositions of the drugs are presented in syrups, tablets, drops. Zodak, Claritin, and Loratadine have a pronounced effect and minimal side effects.

    Important! To normalize body temperature, medications with antipyretic effects are used. The safest drug for children based on ibuprofen is Nurofen, Ibufen.

    When a viscous, thick secretion in therapeutic treatment includes mucolytics, which prevent the accumulation of mucus, promote its liquefaction and smooth outflow (“ACC”, “Rinofluitucil”, “Mukaltin”).

    To improve specific and nonspecific immunity, and prevent the spread of the infectious process on the nasal mucosa, tissue regeneration “IRS 19” is used. Depending on the age, the dose and duration of treatment may vary.

    Physiotherapeutic procedures are quite effective in the treatment of sinusitis and in the rehabilitation process. Physical therapy helps suppress inflammation and improve metabolism in the soft tissues of the nose.

    The therapeutic methods used:

    The recovery period includes the appointment of thalassotherapy and thymus therapy.

    An extreme measure used when conservative medicine is ineffective is a puncture of the frontal sinus. Medical specialists resort to this type of treatment when there is a serious illness and complications arise.

    The procedure is performed under general anesthesia; the puncture method is determined depending on the age of the child and his individual characteristics.

    Treatment of sinusitis in children at home

    As an additional way to influence the inflammatory process, procedures are added to traditional methods of therapy. The sequence of actions should be agreed with your doctor.

    The following procedures will help to provide greater relief to the patient's condition:

    Massaging biological points.

    This action helps reduce pain and the outflow of secretions. Movements should be soft, rotational, with a gradual increase in pressure. The pressure points are shown in the photograph;

    To treat children, it is more rational to use a nebulizer, which avoids burns to the mucous membrane and effectively sprays the dispersed medicinal substance (without heating). An alternative method is steam inhalation over a water bath. Bay leaves, herbs, garlic and “Star” balm can be used as medicinal products. The duration of the procedure varies from 7 to 15 minutes. Daily rate - 3 procedures. The optimal fluid temperature is 60°C.

    Important! Inhalation is permissible at normal body temperature!

    If timely medical care is provided to the child and the requirement for advanced training of a specialist is met, the child can be observed for 4-5 days after therapy.

    The main responsibility of each parent is not to miss the signs of the disease and eliminate the migration of chronic and recurrent ones.

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    Sinusitis - what is it, types, causes, signs, symptoms and treatment of sinusitis in adults

    Sinusitis is an infectious and inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses. Often during the disease the maxillary sinus is affected, but there are cases when the process moves to the ethmoid, frontal or sphenoid zones. Treatment requires complex treatment, using drugs for sinusitis of both systemic and local action.

    In this article we will look at the main causes of the disease, what symptoms are typical for adults, as well as the correct treatment to quickly restore the body at home.

    What is sinusitis?

    Sinusitis (lat. Sinusitis) is an inflammatory disease of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses (sinuses). The disease is diagnosed in 0.02% of the adult population. The main symptoms are heaviness in the paranasal or frontal area, pain with sudden head movements, thick nasal discharge, and increased body temperature. Sinusitis in adults may also include a cough, nasal congestion, difficulty breathing, and a sore throat.

    ICD disease code:

    With sinusitis, the patient's voice becomes nasal. Problems with nasal respiration worsen and lead to obstruction of nasal breathing. Patients suffering from sinusitis experience abundant secretory mucous discharge from the nasal passages.

    Classification and types of disease

    There are different types of sinusitis, differing in the localization of the pathological process, the course of the disease, and the causes of the disease. Despite the fact that the classification of pathological processes in the paranasal sinuses is quite extensive, the symptoms of various sinusitis are very similar.

    Depending on the etiological factor, the following classification of sinusitis is accepted:

    • Traumatic (formed as a result of injuries to the nose)
    • Viral (developing after a virulent infection)
    • Bacterial (formed under the influence of bacterial infectious agents)
    • Fungal (developing as a result of contact with the mucous membranes of fungi)
    • Mixed (the result of simultaneous infection by several microorganisms)
    • Allergic (developing as a result of a constant inflammatory process in the nasal sinuses)

    According to the nature of the flow:

    • acute sinusitis - the disease lasts no more than 8 weeks;
    • chronic sinusitis - long-term course, as well as frequent relapses of the disease.
    • Sinusitis (sinusitis of the maxillary sinus) - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the maxillary paranasal sinus;
    • Rhinitis (runny nose) - inflammation of the nasal cavity;
    • Sphenoiditis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the sphenoid sinus;
    • Frontitis is an inflammation of the frontal sinus. The disease can be unilateral or bilateral;
    • Ethmoiditis (ethmoidal sinusitis) is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the cells of the ethmoid bone. The disease is bacterial or viral in nature.

    Depending on the nature of the inflammation, there are three forms of sinusitis:

    • edematous-catarrhal. Only the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses is affected. The process is accompanied by the release of serous discharge;
    • purulent. Inflammation spreads to the deep layers of tissue of the paranasal sinuses. The discharge becomes purulent;
    • mixed. There are signs of edematous-catarrhal and purulent sinusitis.

    Depending on the prevalence of the process, sinusitis can be:

    • unilateral - can be right- or left-sided;
    • bilateral – simultaneous damage to the paired sinuses on both sides of the nose;
    • polysinusitis - an inflammatory process of several adnexal cavities;
    • monosinusitis - damage to the mucous membrane of one sinus;
    • hemisinusitis – simultaneous involvement in the process of all paranasal cavities located on one half of the face;
    • Pansinusitis is the most severe form of the disease, characterized by damage to all sinuses.

    Causes

    The cause of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses is a viral infection. The virus, penetrating the mucous membrane, causes swelling, as well as an increase in the secretion production of the mucous glands and desquamation of the epithelium.

    As a result, the natural anastomosis of the paranasal sinuses is blocked by the edematous mucous membrane and pathological secretion. In this case, the opposite edges of the anastomosis come into contact with each other, complicating the transport of secretions from the sinuses. If this regular drainage is disrupted, favorable conditions are created for the development of sinusitis.

    The leading role in the development of sinusitis is given to:

    • Pfeiffer bacillus (Haemophilus influenzae) and pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae), which are the causative agents of the disease in more than 50% of cases.
    • Less commonly, hemolytic streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes), Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, various viruses, fungi and anaerobes are sown.

    Sinusitis often occurs as a result of complications of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the nasal cavity (influenza, acute respiratory infections, rhinorrhea, acute respiratory viral infections).

    1. Viruses. Viruses cause % of cases of acute sinusitis. Most people with a cold experience sinus inflammation. These inflammations are usually brief and mild, and very few people who get a cold develop true sinusitis.
    2. Bacteria. A small percentage of cases of acute and possibly chronic sinusitis are caused by bacteria. The bacteria are usually present in the nasal passages and throat and are generally harmless. However, in the cold or with a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, the nasal passages are blocked, the natural cleansing of the paranasal sinuses is disrupted, and secretions stagnate inside the sinuses, which provides fertile ground for the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria.
    3. Fungi. It is very important to monitor the microflora in the premises, because... under certain conditions (lack of ventilation, high humidity and temperature), the fungus can settle in the paranasal sinuses, and if complicated, provoke the development of a mycotic infection. Aspergillus is the most common fungus associated with sinusitis.

    Risk factors for sinusitis

    The development of infection in the sinuses, regardless of the type of microorganism, provokes a violation of the outflow of mucus from the sinuses into the nasal cavity, which is facilitated by the following factors:

    • flu, colds;
    • dental infections;
    • allergic rhinitis;
    • cystic fibrosis;
    • bronchial asthma;
    • sarcondosis;
    • immunodeficiency;
    • tumors of the respiratory system;
    • pregnancy;
    • smoking.

    Symptoms of sinusitis in adults (photos)

    Exposure to a fungus, viral or allergic factor leads to swelling of the cavity, which causes difficulty breathing. If you do not diagnose sinusitis in time and do not begin to treat sinusitis, the situation threatens the development of sphenoiditis and other complicated forms.

    In adults, at the onset of the disease, nasal discharge is serous in nature; as inflammation develops, it transforms into mucous-serous. Purulent exudate, which contains a large amount of detritus and leukocytes, is observed when an infection of a bacterial nature is attached. In this case, severe swelling is accompanied by a violation of the permeability of the capillary walls.

    Other symptoms of sinusitis include:

    • some pain or pressure in the facial area (eyes, cheeks, nose, and forehead);
    • impaired sense of smell;
    • increased and high temperature;
    • a sore throat;
    • increased fatigue and general tiredness;
    • cough, especially at night;
    • bad breath;
    • dizziness;
    • headache;
    • toothache;
    • hyperemia.

    Acute sinusitis

    The acute form of sinusitis provokes headache, fever and weakness throughout the body. These symptoms, of course, can accompany many diseases, so for diagnosis you need to focus on the specific manifestations of the disease.

    • difficulty breathing through the nose;
    • purulent exudate discharged from the nasal cavity;
    • disruption of the olfactory organs.

    Acute sinusitis, both viral and bacterial, can last 8 weeks or longer.

    Chronic sinusitis

    In some cases, a chronic inflammatory process develops, in which patients note the following symptoms:

    • Difficulty breathing through the nose, nasal congestion, periodically appearing crusts in the nose;
    • A small amount of mucous/purulent exudate, with a purulent process, foul breath;
    • Dry throat, headache, irritability.

    Sinusitis is considered chronic if the inflammation lasts more than 3 months.

    Depending on the type of disease, symptoms will differ (see table)

    • headache;
    • constant discharge of mucus from the nasal cavity;
    • persistent runny nose with clear or yellow-green fluid;
    • labored breathing;
    • localization of pain in the nose and paranasal area of ​​the face;
    • lack of smell;
    • discomfort and constant malaise;
    • weakness;
    • refusal of food;
    • sleep disturbance.
    • headaches (pain when touching the forehead is also possible),
    • feeling of pressure above the eyes,
    • impaired sense of smell,
    • cough that gets worse at night
    • malaise, fatigue, weakness,
    • elevated temperature,
    • sore throat,
    • unpleasant or sour breath.
    • headache,
    • pain in the root of the nose and bridge of the nose.

    The predominant localization of pain at the root of the nose and the inner edge of the orbit is characteristic of damage to the posterior cells of the ethmoid bone.

    Sinusitis has different symptoms depending on the location of the inflammation, and treatment in adults will depend on the form and stage of the disease.

    Complication for the body

    Sinusitis affects the skeletal system, ears and eyes, nervous and circulatory systems, so complications also include:

    Considering all this, timely treatment under the supervision of a qualified ENT doctor is very important.

    Diagnostics

    The diagnosis of sinusitis is made on the basis of a characteristic clinical picture, an objective examination and additional research data. During the diagnostic process the following is used:

    • radiography of the paranasal sinuses in two projections,
    • ultrasonography,
    • nuclear magnetic resonance and CT scan of the paranasal sinuses.

    According to indications, a CT or MRI of the brain is performed to exclude complications.

    Symptoms of disturbances in the functioning of the ENT organs cannot be ignored.

    Treatment of sinusitis

    You should not decide on your own how to treat sinusitis. Treatment of this disease is within the competence of an otolaryngologist. The earlier the inflammation is diagnosed, the more effective the treatment will be. For mild to moderate sinusitis, the patient does not need hospitalization; treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis under the supervision of an otolaryngologist.

    The main methods of conservative treatment of sinusitis in adults include the following methods:

    1. Antibacterial. Correctly chosen antibiotics guarantee 90% success.
    2. Antihistamines. When the problem is caused by an allergic factor, then such drugs are mandatory for use.
    3. Immunostimulants. If sinusitis was caused by ARVI, then medications are required.
    4. Drops. Relieves swelling and makes breathing easier.
    5. Wash solutions. Created with sea salt, which will draw out mucus.
    6. "Cuckoo". The procedure will clean the sinuses efficiently and quickly without surgical intervention.

    Antibacterial drugs

    Antibiotics from the following groups are used to treat sinusitis:

    • Penicillin series - Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Augmentin, Ampiox.
    • Macrolide group – Roxithromycin.
    • Cephalosporins – Cefuroxime, Kefzol, Ceftibuten, Cephalexin.
    • Fluoroquinolone group – Levoflox, Sparfloxacin, Moxifloxacin.
    • Topical antibiotics may also be used. These include Fuzofungin, Bioparox.

    Depending on the intensity of the inflammatory process, they can be used orally (tablets, capsules) or parenterally (intravenous or intramuscular administration).

    Local antibiotics:

    Unfortunately, due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, many types of bacteria do not respond to antibiotic treatment, becoming “resistant” to these drugs.

    Antihistamines

    Antihistamines for sinusitis are prescribed to eliminate allergic manifestations, relieve swelling and congestion of the nasal passages. Most often prescribed:

    Anti-inflammatory drugs for adults

    Complex treatment of sinusitis at home involves taking medications that have an anti-inflammatory effect (Erispal) and sulfonamides (Sulfadimethoxine, Biseptol). The doctor may also prescribe Sinupret. This is a plant-based combination drug that performs anti-inflammatory and decongestant functions, enhances mucus secretion, promotes the regeneration of mucous membranes, restoring their protective qualities.

    Nasal drops

    Sinusitis drops have many advantages compared to tablets. Firstly, they act locally, and therefore very quickly - relief is felt within minutes. Only a small part of the active components of the drug enters the blood. This means that the likelihood of side effects is much lower. To relieve nasal congestion and reduce swelling of the mucous membrane, it is possible to use vasoconstrictor drops:

    • Xylometazoline (Otrivin, Ximelin, Galazolin),
    • Oxymetazoline (Nazol, Nazivin),
    • Naphazolin (Naphthyzin, Sanorin).

    It is also possible to use drops with the addition of essential oils: Pinosol, Sinupret, Sinuforte.

    Nasal rinsing for sinusitis

    For uncomplicated sinusitis, an effective procedure is rinsing the nose. To do this, you can use either special ready-made solutions (Salin, Aquamaris, Aqualor, Dolphin) or regular saline solution.

    At home, rinsing is often used. It's important to do it right.

    1. Bend over the sink at a right angle. Take a deep breath, hold your breath.
    2. Place the container with the rinsing solution tightly to the nostril.
    3. Slowly tilt the bottle of medicine - the liquid should flow out of the opposite nostril. Each nostril is washed alternately.
    4. After completing the procedure, you need to blow your nose well to remove excess solution.

    Inhalations

    You can breathe over solutions of various products and products in hot water. For inhalation at home, decoctions and infusions of medicinal herbs and plants are usually used. Chamomile, eucalyptus, thyme, sage, St. John's wort - all these herbs have bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, mucolytic effects. They can be used either individually or as part of inhalation mixtures for sinusitis.

    Physiotherapeutic procedures

    An excellent way to speed up the healing process is to carry out physiotherapeutic procedures. These include:

    These procedures can speed up metabolism in affected areas of the body, normalize protective processes and enhance the effect of medications taken.

    How to treat sinusitis with folk remedies

    Treatment of sinusitis using folk remedies at home helps in many cases to avoid the use of antibiotics.

    1. Radish. Grind one black radish and squeeze out the juice. Mix equal amounts of vegetable oil and root juice. Soak pieces of fabric in the liquid and apply to the area of ​​the nasal and frontal sinuses. Insulate all this with a towel, after covering it with cellophane.
    2. Garlic spirit. A kind of “dry” inhalation, which perfectly helps in the early stages of viral or infectious sinusitis. You need to take a few large cloves and quickly grind them in a mortar. Transfer to a glass or small jar and, immersing your face in it, as if in a mask, breathe in the fumes of garlic for several minutes. Along with garlic juice, many phytoncides, which are natural antibiotics, will get onto the nasal mucosa.
    3. Aloe. You can treat sinusitis by putting drops in your nose made from medicinal plants that have antimicrobial properties: 2-3 drops to aloe or kalanchoe.

    There are types of sinusitis for which treatment with folk remedies is strictly contraindicated. Therefore, consult your doctor before use.

    Prevention

    To prevent a disease such as sinusitis, you should adhere to the following rules and recommendations:

    • try to spend more time in the air, ventilate the room well before going to bed or leave the window open at night, and in the morning be sure to do gymnastics, after which you begin water procedures.
    • avoiding moderate and severe colds and infectious diseases;
    • elimination of anatomical anomalies of the nasal region;
    • prevention and sanitation of the oral cavity, prevention of periodontal disease;
    • preventing injuries and bruises to the face and nose;
    • quitting smoking and excessive alcohol consumption;
    • ventilation and wet cleaning of premises;
    • compliance with the rules and operating conditions in hazardous industries;
    • no contact with substances that cause an allergic reaction;
    • general complex of health-improving measures and hardening of the body;
    • minimizing the risk of getting large amounts of liquid into the nose when swimming and diving in water bodies.

    Sinusitis is insidious in that any cold can cause an exacerbation. The proximity of the sinuses to the brain and eyes creates a risk of infection spreading to these organs, which can lead to serious complications.

    Discussion: there is 1 comment

    I have been suffering from sinusitis for a long time. Any cold leads to a stuffy nose and you need to go to the ENT specialist for rinsing using the cuckoo method. I recently had a cold, and after it orange clots came out of my nose for 5 days and there was pain in the cheekbones. I drank aloe and took cinabsin for 2 days in a row, today it seems better

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    What is the difference between sinusitis and sinusitis?

    Tell. What is the difference between sinusitis and sinusitis?

    Answers:

    Igor Belousov

    Hello.. . Yes, these diseases are not much different. Sinusitis is, in principle, a special case of sinusitis. there are just several of these sinuses - sinuses... if the mucous membrane of the frontal sinus is inflamed - frontal sinusitis, if the maxillary sinus is inflamed - sinusitis... and all together - a collective name - sinusitis. Sinusitis itself is not contagious... the question is what causes them. Sinusitis can also be caused by diseases of the roots of the teeth of the upper jaw. and maybe a complication of acute runny nose, flu, measles, scarlet fever, etc. But these things can certainly be contagious.

    Dilara

    in essence, these are the same thing, it’s just that sinusitis is a generalized name, because in addition to the maxillary sinus there are others. And sinusitis is specifically inflammation of the maxillary sinus. It is sinusitis that cannot be contagious, because it is a complication of some kind of respiratory infection, but you can infect with an infection

    Mikhail Morozov

    Sinusitis is an inflammation of one or more paranasal sinuses that occurs as a complication of acute runny nose, flu, measles, scarlet fever and other infectious diseases.

    Sinusitis is classified according to location

    2. Frontitis - inflammation of the frontal paranasal sinus;

    3. Ethmoiditis - inflammation of the cells of the ethmoid bone;

    4. Sphenoiditis - inflammation of the sphenoid sinus.

    foxicom

    Sinusitis is an acute or chronic inflammation. paranasal sinuses. There are sinusitis-inflammation. membranes of the maxillary sinus, frontal sinus inflammation. frontal sinus, sphenoiditis-inflammation. sphenoid sinus, ethmoiditis - inflammation. lattice labyrinth. That is, sinusitis is one of the types of sinusitis that occurs most often and is not contagious.

    Oksana

    Sinusitis is inflammation of the maxillary paranasal sinus.

    sinusitis - inflammation of one or more paranasal sinuses,

    Simply put, sinusitis is when you feel stuffiness, swelling and pain inside the nose, on the sides of the wings. . and sinusitis is a more severe process, swelling and malignancy, accumulation of mucus is observed throughout the nasopharynx. .

    both diseases are caused by both viruses and bacteria; if you follow the rules of personal hygiene, there is no danger of infecting household members

    do not self-medicate; treatment is usually antibiotics/sulfonamides, physiotherapy, herbal preparations, herbs or syrups. . My own advice - the drug Sinupret helps a lot!

    barabas karabas

    Sinusitis is a collective term meaning inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. And sinusitis is specifically inflammation of the maxillary sinuses. You can get infected not by a disease, but by an infection. If sinusitis is caused by a virus or bacteria, then, of course, those around you can become infected, but not with sinusitis, but, for example, with ARVI.

    BorisK

    Catherine

    Sinusitis is inflammation of the maxillary sinuses. This very serious pus can get into the brain. They make punctures in these maxillary sinuses, wash them with furacillin, and inject them with antibiotics. Sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinuses, it is simply treated with vasoconstrictor drops, rinsing the nose with Aquamaris, for example, and instilling nasal drops.

    Irina Kulibina

    I haven't used nasal drops for a long time. They only dry out the mucous membrane and have a short-term effect. I like the effect of Cinnabsin more. The tablets relieve nasal congestion well and treat all symptoms of sinusitis.

    What is the difference between sinusitis and sinusitis or are they the same thing?

    Hello, my name is Marina, 25 years old. I recently visited the doctor. He said I had sinusitis and prescribed treatment. I somehow forgot to ask how sinusitis differs from sinusitis, aren’t they the same thing? Please tell me.

    Hello, Marina. The difference between sinusitis and sinusitis is that the second is a special case of the first. Sinusitis can be said to be a general name for inflammatory processes occurring in the sinuses. When seeing patients, professionals sometimes use general terms such as sinusitis when talking to them. Because of this, questions often arise: “What is the difference between sinusitis and sinusitis?” and various others. The attending physician understands what specific sinusitis you have and prescribes appropriate treatment.

    Sinusitis has four directions of localization of infection in the sinuses. Sinusitis is characterized by inflammation of the maxillary sinuses. If the source of infection is in the frontal sinuses, then they speak of a disease such as frontal sinusitis. In case of inflammation in the ethmoidal localizations, a diagnosis of ethmoiditis is made, and in the sphenoid sinus - sphenoiditis. A process in which the infection affects several different sinuses is called pansinusitis.

    What is the difference: sinusitis and sinusitis. Course of the disease, causes, symptoms and treatment features

    Sometimes it’s not just a runny nose, but a more serious inflammatory disease associated with the nose. Most often this happens in chilly autumn weather. And then, returning from the otolaryngologist, you have to think: “What’s the difference?” Sinusitis and sinusitis, rhinitis, sphenoiditis and ethmoiditis, frontal sinusitis - often these names are difficult to pronounce. However, there are differences between them, and if one of these diseases affected the person himself or one of his loved ones, it will be useful to understand this.

    What are sinuses?

    Before you find out what the difference is between sinusitis and sinusitis, you need a little theoretical knowledge. Strictly speaking, sine is not only a mathematical term. In medicine, the paranasal sinuses are also called sinuses. These are three paired and one unpaired air cavities located in the skull and directly connected to the main nasal cavity. They begin to form in utero, and their development continues throughout childhood, as the skull grows. You can understand what sinusitis and sinusitis are, what the difference is between them, and whether there is one at all, if you have an idea of ​​why the sinuses are needed, where they are located, what they are called and why they sometimes become inflamed. It is in these sinuses that inflammatory processes occur in so-called sinusitis.

    Types and purpose of paranasal sinuses

    So, the anatomy of the human skull is such that the nasal cavity is connected to its paranasal sinuses by narrow passages. The two frontal sinuses are located above the eyebrows. A pair of maxillary – maxillary – sinuses are localized in the area of ​​the wings of the nose. There are ethmoid sinuses on both sides of the bridge of the nose. In the depths of the skull there is a single sphenoid sinus.

    The purpose of these air cavities is not entirely clear. But there is an opinion that in this way nature took care of reducing the mass of the human skull. It is also possible that the sinuses act to some extent as buffers during injury. There are also more obvious functions: in these cavities the inhaled air is effectively warmed and humidified, with their help a unique voice timbre is created.

    The inflammatory process, called sinusitis, can concentrate in any of the existing sinuses - that’s the difference. Sinusitis and sinusitis are just the most well-known terms; in fact, there are more of them.

    What are the types of sinusitis?

    Sinusitis - one of the most common inflammations of the sinuses - is nothing more than a special type of sinusitis. Therefore, strictly speaking, this formulation of the question - what is the difference between sinusitis and sinusitis, what is the difference between them - is incorrect. With sinusitis, one or both maxillary sinuses are inflamed. In second place in the ranking of the frequency of lesions is the ethmoid labyrinth, and its inflammation is called ethmoiditis. Inflammation of the frontal and sphenoid sinuses is called frontal sinusitis and sphenoiditis, respectively.

    But all these are sinusitis, and people who do not have a medical education most often hear diseases such as sinusitis and sinusitis. The specialist will always explain if the patient asks what the difference is: sinusitis and sinusitis are essentially the same disease, only the first term is a broader, collective one. The diagnosis of “sinusitis” means that sinusitis is localized in the maxillary sinuses.

    The main causes of inflammation of the sinuses

    As mentioned above, sinusitis is an inflammatory process. By the way, various deformations and anomalies in the structure of the nose can contribute to it: a curvature of the nasal septum, too narrow sinuses, the presence of polyps. Most often, viral diseases lead to sinusitis. Less commonly, sinusitis is caused by bacteria. Against the background of weakened immunity, sinusitis can be triggered by a fungal infection. It is also worth mentioning that sinusitis can be of an allergic nature and develop against the background of hay fever.

    Whatever the initial cause, eventually the mucous membrane of the nasal sinuses becomes inflamed and swollen, they cease to be properly cleaned and ventilated, and the secretions stagnate. This is how any sinusitis and sinusitis develops. What makes the difference is the location of the inflammatory process in one cavity or another.

    Disease risk factors

    In addition to those listed, there are additional reasons that, with prolonged exposure, can lead to sinusitis. In the case of serious and chronic dental problems, accompanying infections and bacteria may well provoke the occurrence of sinusitis. In addition, if a person’s lifestyle or work is associated with constant changes in atmospheric pressure - frequent flights, for example - then narrowing of the sinuses can lead to their blockage, and, as a result, provoke sinusitis. Chronic inhalation of air contaminated by cigarette smoke or industrial substances can cause damage to the ciliated epithelium, which is responsible for evacuating mucus from the sinuses. The result is its stagnation, the consequence is sinusitis and sinusitis, the differences between which we have already found out.

    Sinus symptoms

    Symptoms of sinusitis, including sinusitis, include a number of common signs. Sinusitis is always accompanied by a headache. Almost always, the patient is bothered by nasal congestion and runny nose, which can be of varying intensity. In this case, itching in the nose and sneezing is possible, the voice becomes nasal, and the sense of smell almost disappears. You may experience bad breath. As the disease progresses, the person’s general condition also worsens: the temperature rises, chills, the patient experiences weakness, and loss of appetite. Many symptoms, as you can see, resemble ARVI, and some are specific.

    It is clear that depending on which of the paranasal sinuses is affected by the inflammatory process, the symptoms may differ. You have to imagine what the difference is. Sinusitis and sinusitis, as already mentioned, are necessarily accompanied by pain, but they can be localized in different ways. And when the patient complains that he has a headache, the doctor will definitely ask what the nature of this pain is and where, in fact, it is concentrated.

    With inflammation of the frontal sinuses - frontal sinusitis - strong, bursting pain will occur in the area of ​​the forehead and eyes, with possible swelling of the upper eyelid. This is a very dangerous type of sinusitis, since if there is no appropriate treatment, the inflammation can spread to the brain.

    If the maxillary and maxillary sinuses are inflamed, then we are talking about sinusitis. The pain in this case may resemble a toothache - the upper jaw will hurt, and the painful sensations will intensify when you press on the cheeks.

    With infections in the sinuses of the ethmoidal labyrinth, the pain spreads to the bridge of the nose, wings of the nose, and eyes. This is ethmoiditis, and since the ethmoid sinuses are located quite deep, serious complications can arise.

    Sphenoiditis - inflammation of the sphenoid sinus - is rare, but sometimes it is a complication of ethmoiditis. The neck, back of the head, and upper part of the head hurt. Inflammation can spread to the optic nerves, and this is very dangerous.

    Treatment of sinusitis

    Having found out what the difference is between these terms - sinusitis and sinusitis, it would also be nice to know everything about the treatment of different types of sinusitis. There is no need to rush to take antibiotics. They will only help in the case of bacterial sinusitis, and it is much less common than viral sinusitis. But antibiotics are powerless against viruses.

    Thus, the first step is to relieve pain, reduce swelling of the mucous membranes and ensure the removal of excess mucus and pus from the sinuses. As for medications, antibiotics, antihistamines and decongestants should be prescribed by a doctor. In advanced cases, even surgical intervention may be required.

    Drug-free treatment at home is only possible for sinusitis that is not accompanied by an acute infection. Rinsing and irrigating the nasal cavity, drinking plenty of fluids, and steam inhalations are measures that can alleviate the patient’s condition.

    Prevention of sinusitis

    Everything is simple here: to avoid complications in the form of sinusitis, you need to thoroughly treat any types of rhinitis, treat your teeth in a timely manner,, if necessary, correct anatomical disorders in the nasal cavity, and also work to strengthen the immune system.

    Symptoms of sinusitis in adults, causes of the disease

    Sinusitis or sinusitis is an inflammation that “originates” in small, air-filled spaces (sinuses) inside the cheekbones and forehead. They are connected to the nasal airways by narrow openings in the bones (ostia). The sinuses produce mucus, which then drains into the nose.

    • Sinusitis is considered acute if it lasts for a short period of time. An acute infection is usually part of a cold or allergy.
    • If sinusitis in an adult lasts more than eight weeks or occurs periodically throughout the year, we can say that it is a symptom of chronic sinusitis.

    Many symptoms of sinusitis in adults are common to both forms of the disease. The best way to find out if you have a sinus infection is to make an appointment with your doctor.

    How can acute sinusitis occur?

    • Most people develop acute sinusitis after a cold or flu. Upper respiratory tract diseases are caused by microbes (viruses) that can reach the sinuses. In rare cases, other microbes (bacteria) join the infection that began under the influence of viruses. This can lead to a bacterial sinus infection and make the problem worse.
    • In some cases, the infection spreads along the cheekbone (maxillary sinus) from the infected tooth.

    Symptoms of sinusitis in an adult usually include:

    • Pain and feeling of heaviness over the infected sinus. A throbbing headache may get worse when you tilt your head forward.
    • Pain when chewing.
    • Nasal congestion.
    • Temporary loss of smell.
    • Runny nose. The causes of green snot in an adult or discharge that has a yellowish tint lie in a bacterial infection that has settled in the sinuses. The green or yellow color is due to infected mucus and pus.
    • Nasal congestion without snot. This can happen if the sinus drainage channels become blocked by excessively thick mucus. If this happens, the pain and heaviness over the infected sinus can become very intense.
    • High temperature (fever).

    Other symptoms that may indicate sinusitis:

    • bad breath;
    • toothache;
    • cough;
    • feeling of pressure or fullness in the ears;
    • fatigue.

    A doctor usually determines the signs of sinusitis in adults after reviewing the patient’s complaints. He may also take your temperature or ask if there is tenderness over your sinuses. Diagnosing acute sinusitis usually does not require additional testing. Sometimes a blood test or sinus x-ray is recommended to confirm the diagnosis.

    Source: http://neb0ley.ru/gajmorit/chem-otlichaetsja-sinusit-ot-gajmorita.html