What is sodium chloride

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Sodium chloride - characteristics, properties, instructions for use, side effects, interactions with other drugs

Compound

1. Isotonic (physiological) 0.9% solution containing sodium chloride – 9 g, distilled water – up to 1 liter.

Table of contents:

2. Hypertonic 10% solution containing sodium chloride - 100 g, distilled water - up to 1 liter.

Release form

  • To dissolve medicinal substances for intramuscular and subcutaneous injections, a 0.9% sodium chloride solution is produced in ampoules of 5, 10, 20 ml.
  • For dissolving medications, intravenous drips, enemas and external use: 0.9% sodium chloride solution in bottles of 100, 200, 400 and 1000 ml.
  • For intravenous injection and external use: 10% sodium chloride solution in bottles of 200 and 400 ml.
  • For oral (inside) administration: tablets 0.9 g. To use, the tablet must be dissolved in 100 ml of boiled warm water.
  • For treating the nasal cavity: nasal spray – 10 ml.

pharmachologic effect

Indications for use

  • Restoring water balance in case of body dehydration caused by various reasons.
  • Maintaining plasma volume during surgery and after.
  • Detoxification of the body (food poisoning, dysentery, cholera, etc.).
  • Maintaining plasma volume in case of extensive burns, diarrhea, blood loss, diabetic coma.
  • Eye rinsing for inflammatory and allergic irritations of the cornea.
  • Rinsing the nasal mucosa for allergic rhinitis, nasopharyngitis, prevention of sinusitis, acute respiratory infections, after removal of polyps and adenoids.
  • Inhalation of the respiratory tract (using special devices - inhalers).

It is used to treat wounds, moisturize bandages and fabric dressings. The neutral environment of saline is well suited for dissolving drugs and co-infusion with other drugs.

1. Deficiency of the elements sodium and chlorine.

2. Dehydration due to various reasons: pulmonary, gastric and intestinal bleeding, burns, vomiting, diarrhea.

Sodium chloride - instructions for use

With long-term use of large doses of sodium chloride, it is necessary to analyze the content of electrolytes in plasma and urine.

Sodium chloride 10 - instructions for use

Sodium chloride 9 - instructions for use

Contraindications

  • increased content of sodium ions in the body;
  • increased content of chlorine ions in the body;
  • lack of potassium;
  • circulatory fluid disorders, with the possibility of cerebral and pulmonary edema;
  • cerebral edema, pulmonary edema;
  • acute heart failure;
  • intracellular dehydration;
  • extracellular excess fluid;
  • treatment with significant doses of corticosteroids.

Used with great caution in patients with changes in renal excretory function, as well as in children and the elderly.

Side effects

  • discomfort in the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, diarrhea;
  • disorders of the nervous system: lacrimation, constant thirst, anxiety, sweating, dizziness, headache, weakness;
  • arterial hypertension, rapid heartbeat and pulse;
  • dermatitis;
  • menstrual irregularities;
  • anemia;
  • excess fluid content in the body or its parts (edema), which indicates a pathological shift in water-salt metabolism;
  • acidosis – a shift in the body’s acid-base balance towards increased acidity;
  • hypokalemia – a decrease in potassium content in the body’s blood.

If side effects occur, the drug should be stopped. It is necessary to assess the patient’s well-being, provide adequate assistance and save the bottle with the remaining solution for analysis.

Sodium chloride during pregnancy

1. Preeclampsia (increased concentration of sodium in the blood plasma) with severe swelling.

2. Moderate and severe stages of toxicosis.

Interaction with other drugs

Synonymous drugs for sodium chloride

  • Sodium chloride 0.9% for intravenous infusion - sterile solution in bottles.
  • Sodium chloride 1.6% for intravenous infusion.
  • Sodium chloride 12% for intravenous infusion.
  • Sodium chloride Brown (Germany) - powder for the preparation of solution for injection, solution for infusion, solution for injection, solvent for the preparation of dosage forms for injection, nasal spray.
  • Sodium chloride bufus – powder for the preparation of solution for injection, solution for infusion, solution for injection, solvent for the preparation of dosage forms for injection, nasal spray.
  • Sodium chloride-Cinco – isotonic solution for infusion, hypertonic solution, eye drops and eye ointment.
  • Sodium chloride – 0.9% solution for infusion (Bulgaria).
  • Salorid – 0.9% solution for infusion (Bangladesh).
  • Rizosin – 0.65% nasal spray with and without menthol.
  • Salin – 0.65% nasal spray (India).
  • No-salt – 0.65% nasal spray.
  • Physiodose – 0.9% solution for topical use.

Additional Information

1. Remove container from outer packaging immediately before use. It protects and maintains the sterility of the drug.

2. Squeeze the container tightly and check for integrity. If damage is found, discard the container, as the solution in it is dangerous.

3. Check the solution visually: for transparency, absence of impurities and inclusions. If present, discard the container.

4. Hang the container on a tripod, remove the plastic fuse and unscrew the lid.

5. Add medications into the solution following aseptic rules. Move the clamp that regulates the movement of the solution to the “closed” position. Disinfect the area of ​​the injection container, make a puncture in it with a syringe and inject the drug. Mix well. Move the clamp to the “open” position.

Storage conditions and expiration dates

  • powder and tablets - without restrictions;
  • 0.9% solution in ampoules – 5 years;
  • 0.9% solution in bottles – 12 months;
  • 10% solution in bottles – 2 years.

Do not use after expiration date. Before using any drug containing sodium chloride, you should consult your doctor.

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Source: http://www.tiensmed.ru/news/natriahlorid-ec7.html

Sodium chloride

Description current as of 08/03/2015

  • Latin name: Natrii chloridum
  • ATX code: B05XA03
  • Active ingredient: Sodium chloride
  • Manufacturer: Medpolymer, Sintez OJSC, Alium Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (Russia), Pharmland JV (Republic of Belarus)

Compound

The active ingredient of this product is sodium chloride. The formula for sodium chloride is NaCl, these are white crystals that quickly dissolve in water. Molar mass 58.44 g/mol. OKPD code - 14.40.1.

Saline solution (isotonic) is a 0.9% solution, it contains 9 g of sodium chloride, up to 1 liter of distilled water.

Hypertonic sodium chloride solution is a 10% solution, it contains 100 g of sodium chloride, up to 1 liter of distilled water.

Release form

A 0.9% sodium chloride solution is produced, which can be contained in ampoules of 5 ml, 10 ml, 20 ml. Ampoules are used to dissolve medications for injection.

A solution of sodium chloride 0.9% is also produced in bottles of 100, 200, 400 and 1000 ml. Their use in medicine is practiced for external use, intravenous drips, and enemas.

Sodium chloride solution 10% is contained in bottles of 200 and 400 ml.

For oral administration, tablets of 0.9 g are available.

A nasal spray is also produced in 10 ml bottles.

pharmachologic effect

Sodium chloride is a drug that acts as a rehydrating and detoxifying agent. The medicine is able to compensate for the lack of sodium in the body, subject to the development of various pathologies. Sodium chloride also increases the amount of fluid that circulates in the vessels.

Such properties of the solution are manifested due to the presence of chloride ions and sodium ions in it. They are able to penetrate the cell membrane using various transport mechanisms, in particular the sodium-potassium pump. Sodium plays an important role in the process of signal transmission in neurons; it is also involved in the metabolic process in the kidneys and in the electrophysiological processes of the human heart.

Pharmacopoeia indicates that sodium chloride maintains constant pressure in the extracellular fluid and blood plasma. In the normal state of the body, a sufficient amount of this compound enters the body with food. But in pathological conditions, in particular, with vomiting, diarrhea, and serious burns, there is an increased release of these elements from the body. As a result, the body experiences a deficiency of chlorine and sodium ions, as a result of which the blood becomes thicker, the functions of the nervous system, blood flow, convulsions, and spasms of smooth muscles are disrupted.

If an isotonic sodium chloride solution is promptly introduced into the blood, its use helps restore the water-salt balance. But since the osmotic pressure of the solution is similar to the pressure of blood plasma, it does not stay in the vascular bed for a long time. After administration, it is quickly eliminated from the body. As a result, after 1 hour, no more than half of the injected amount of solution is retained in the vessels. Therefore, in case of blood loss, the solution is not effective enough.

The product also has plasma-substituting and detoxifying properties.

When a hypertonic solution is administered intravenously, there is an increase in diuresis, replenishing the deficiency of chlorine and sodium in the body.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

Excretion from the body occurs mainly through the kidneys. Some sodium is excreted in sweat and feces.

Indications for use

Sodium chloride is a saline solution that is used when the body loses extracellular fluid. Indicated for conditions that lead to limited fluid intake:

Considering what sodium chloride is, it is used externally to wash wounds, eyes, and nose. The drug is used to moisturize dressings, for inhalation, and for the face.

The use of NaCl is indicated for forced diuresis in cases of constipation, poisoning, and internal bleeding (pulmonary, intestinal, gastric).

It is also indicated in the indications for use of sodium chloride that this is a drug that is used for diluting and dissolving drugs that are administered parenterally.

Contraindications

The use of the solution is contraindicated for the following diseases and conditions:

The solution is prescribed with caution to people who suffer from arterial hypertension, peripheral edema, decompensated chronic heart failure, chronic renal failure, preeclampsia, as well as those diagnosed with other conditions in which sodium retention occurs in the body.

If the solution is used as a diluent for other medications, existing contraindications should be taken into account.

Side effects

The following conditions may develop when using sodium chloride:

If the drug is used correctly, the development of side effects is unlikely.

If a 0.9% NaCl solution is used as a base solvent, then side effects are determined by the properties of the drugs that are diluted with the solution.

If any negative effects occur, you should immediately report it to a specialist.

Instructions for use of Sodium Chloride (Method and dosage)

The instructions for saline solution (isotonic solution) provide for its administration intravenously and subcutaneously.

In most cases, intravenous drip administration is practiced, for which the Sodium Chloride dropper is heated to a temperature of degrees. The volume that is administered to the patient depends on the condition of the patient, as well as the amount of fluid that has been lost by the body. It is important to take into account the person’s age and weight.

The average daily dose of the drug is ml, the solution is administered at an average speed of 540 ml/h. If there is a severe degree of intoxication, then the maximum volume of medication per day can be 3000 ml. If there is such a need, a volume of 500 ml can be administered at a speed of 70 drops per minute.

Children are given a dose of 20 to 100 ml per day per 1 kg of weight. The dosage depends on body weight and the age of the child. It should be borne in mind that with prolonged use of this medicine it is necessary to monitor the level of electrolytes in plasma and urine.

To dilute drugs that need to be administered by drip, use 50 to 250 ml of sodium chloride per dose of the drug. The characteristics of administration are determined based on the main drug.

The hypertonic solution is administered intravenously.

If the solution is used to immediately compensate for the deficiency of sodium and chlorine ions, 100 ml of the solution is injected dropwise.

To perform a rectal enema to induce defecation, 100 ml of a 5% solution is administered; 3000 ml of an isotonic solution can also be administered throughout the day.

The use of a hypertensive enema is slowly indicated for renal and cardiac edema, increased intracranial pressure and for hypertension it is carried out slowly, ml is administered. Such an enema cannot be performed in case of colon erosion and inflammatory processes.

Purulent wounds are treated with a solution according to the regimen prescribed by the doctor. Compresses with NaCl are applied directly to a wound or other lesion on the skin. Such a compress promotes the separation of pus and the death of pathogenic microorganisms.

The nasal spray is instilled into the nasal cavity after it has been cleansed. For adult patients, two drops are instilled into each nostril, for children - 1 drop. It is used for both treatment and prevention, for which the solution is dripped for about 20 days.

Sodium chloride for inhalation is used for colds. To do this, the solution is mixed with bronchodilators. Inhalation is carried out for ten minutes three times a day.

If absolutely necessary, saline solution can be prepared at home. To do this, mix a full teaspoon of table salt in one liter of boiled water. If it is necessary to prepare a certain amount of solution, for example, with salt weighing 50 g, appropriate measurements should be taken. This solution can be applied topically, used for enemas, rinses, and inhalations. However, under no circumstances should such a solution be administered intravenously or used to treat open wounds or eyes.

Overdose

In case of overdose, the patient may feel nausea, suffer from vomiting and diarrhea, he may develop abdominal pain, fever, and rapid heartbeat. Also, in case of an overdose, blood pressure may increase, pulmonary edema and peripheral edema, renal failure, muscle cramps, weakness, dizziness, generalized convulsions, and coma may develop. If the solution is administered excessively, hypernatremia may develop.

With excessive intake into the body, hyperchlorimic acidosis may develop.

If sodium chloride is used to dissolve drugs, then the overdose is mainly associated with the properties of those drugs that are diluted.

If NaCl is inadvertently overadministered, it is important to stop this process and assess whether the patient has any more negative symptoms. Symptomatic treatment is practiced.

Interaction

NaCl is compatible with most medications. It is this property that determines the use of the solution for diluting and dissolving a number of drugs.

When diluting and dissolving, it is necessary to monitor the compatibility of drugs visually, determining whether a precipitate appears during the process, whether the color changes, etc.

When concomitantly prescribing the drug with corticosteroids, it is important to constantly monitor the levels of electrolytes in the blood.

When taken in parallel, the hypotensive effect of Enalapril and Spirapril decreases.

Sodium Chloride is incompatible with the leukopoiesis stimulator Filgrastim, as well as with the polypeptide antibiotic Polymyxin B.

There is evidence that isotonic solution increases the bioavailability of drugs.

When diluted with a solution of powdered antibiotics, they are completely absorbed by the body.

Terms of sale

Sold in pharmacies by prescription. If necessary, use the drug to dilute other medications, etc. write out a prescription in Latin.

Storage conditions

The powder, tablets and solution should be stored in a dry place, in a well-closed container, and the temperature should not exceed 25 degrees Celsius. It is important to keep the drug away from children. If the packaging is sealed, freezing does not affect the properties of the drug.

Best before date

There are no restrictions on storing powder and tablets. The solution in 0.9% ampoules can be stored for 5 years; solution in bottles 0.9% - one year, solution in bottles 10% - 2 years. Cannot be used after the shelf life has expired.

special instructions

If an infusion is given, the patient's condition should be carefully monitored, in particular plasma electrolytes. It should be taken into account that in children, due to immature renal function, sodium excretion may slow down. It is important to determine its plasma concentration before repeated infusions.

It is important to monitor the condition of the solution before administering it. The solution must be transparent and the packaging undamaged. Only a qualified specialist can use the solution for intravenous administration.

Any preparations with Sodium Chloride should only be dissolved by a specialist who can qualifiedly assess whether the resulting solution is suitable for administration. It is important to strictly adhere to all antiseptic rules. Any solution should be administered immediately after its preparation.

The result of a series of chemical reactions involving sodium chloride is the formation of chlorine. Electrolysis of molten Sodium Chloride in industry is a method of producing chlorine. If you carry out electrolysis of a solution of Sodium Chloride, you also end up with chlorine. If crystalline Sodium Chloride is treated with concentrated sulfuric acid, the result is hydrogen chloride. Sodium sulfate and sodium hydroxide can be produced through a chain of chemical reactions. A qualitative reaction to chloride ion is a reaction with silver nitrate.

Analogs

Different drug manufacturers may produce the solution under a separate name. These are the drugs Sodium chloride Brown, Sodium chloride Bufus, Rizosin, Salin Sodium chloride Sinco, etc.

Preparations containing sodium chloride are also produced. These are combined salt solutions of sodium acetate + sodium chloride, etc.

For children

It is used in accordance with the instructions and under the careful supervision of specialists. The immaturity of renal function in children should be taken into account, so repeated administration is carried out only after an accurate determination of plasma sodium levels.

During pregnancy and lactation

During pregnancy, a sodium chloride dropper can only be used in pathological conditions. This is toxicosis in the moderate or severe stage, as well as gestosis. Healthy women receive sodium chloride from food, and its excess can lead to the development of edema.

Reviews

Most reviews are positive, as users write about this product as a useful drug. There are especially many reviews about the nasal spray, which, according to patients, is a good remedy for both the prevention and treatment of a runny nose. The product effectively moisturizes the nasal mucosa and promotes healing.

Sodium Chloride price, where to buy

The price of saline solution in ampoules of 5 ml is on average 30 rubles per 10 pcs. Buying sodium chloride 0.9% in a 200 ml bottle costs an average of rubles for 1 bottle.

  • Online pharmacies in Russia Russia
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Work experience: From 2003 to 2013 – worked as a pharmacist and manager of a pharmacy kiosk. She was awarded diplomas and decorations for many years of conscientious work. Articles on medical topics were published in local publications (newspapers) and on various Internet portals.

Please tell me how much sodium chloride 0.9% 200 ml should be taken for gargling?

Thank you! Well done for explaining the drug!

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All materials presented on the site are for reference and informational purposes only and cannot be considered a treatment method prescribed by a doctor or sufficient advice.

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Source: http://medside.ru/natriya-chlorid

Sodium chloride solution: drug instructions

This drug is widely used in medical practice as a plasma replacement and rehydrating agent. Thus, sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, or saline, is in most cases used to prepare droppers, which are simply irreplaceable for vomiting, poisoning and other syndromes accompanied by a violation of the water-salt balance. Read the instructions for use of this medicine.

Saline sodium chloride solution

In the process of creating this pharmacological composition, salts are introduced into distilled water in a certain way. In this case, each subsequent component is added only after the previous one has completely dissolved. In addition, to prevent sediment from forming in the liquid, carbon dioxide is passed through the sodium bicarbonate. Glucose is added to the solution last. Strict adherence to the specified production technology ensures the preservation of all the beneficial properties of sodium chloride. Depending on the percentage of salts, the following types of solutions are distinguished:

  1. isotonic (9%) – used for preparing injections and droppers.
  2. hypertensive (10%) – used as an auxiliary osmotic diuretic for various serious pathological conditions.

Pharmacological group

According to the classification of medicinal substances, sodium chloride (Natrii chloridum/Sodium chloride) is usually classified as a regulator of water-electrolyte balance and acid-base balance. Due to the fact that the product is used for diluting and dissolving medications, it also belongs to the group of excipients, reagents and intermediates. In addition, some experts classify isotonic sodium chloride solution as an anticongestant - decongestant drug.

Properties

The drug acts as a detoxifying and rehydrating agent. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is used to enrich the body with fluid and increase the volume of circulating arterial blood. This pharmacological effect of saline solution is determined by the presence in it of mineral ions that have the ability to penetrate the cell membrane through a variety of transport mechanisms. According to the pharmacopoeia, sodium chloride helps maintain constant blood pressure and takes part in the electrophysiological processes of the body.

Indications for use

Water-salt balance directly affects the maintenance of the normal state of all organs and systems of the human body. In a normal situation, the NaCl compound enters the body along with food, which is impossible if any pathologies develop. Thus, with vomiting, diarrhea and other similar conditions, there is an increased release of sodium and chlorine ions from the body. This condition is an absolute indication for intravenous sodium chloride.

In addition, the drug is recommended for external use to wash the eyes, nose, and mouth. Separately, it is worth mentioning the benefits of saline solution for treating purulent wounds. The sodium and chlorine salts contained in the preparation have high antimicrobial activity, which is often used by surgeons to prevent the occurrence of postoperative complications. Among other things, the use of NaCl is justified in the following conditions:

  • dyspepsia;
  • poisoning;
  • cholera;
  • constipation;
  • extensive burns;
  • hyponatremia;
  • hypochloremia;
  • forced diuresis;
  • internal bleeding;
  • dehydration.

Instructions for use of sodium chloride

In most cases, saline solution is administered intravenously or subcutaneously. Meanwhile, the use of sodium chloride may involve its entry into the body orally or rectally. As a rule, one or another method of using a drug is determined by the expectation of a certain therapeutic effect. So, in case of severe poisoning, you will agree that it is more logical to use saline solution intravenously than to try to do cleansing enemas.

In general, patients tolerate NaCl well. However, with prolonged use of the drug, overdose effects may be observed: acidosis, extracellular hyperhydration, hypokalemia. In addition, it is important to talk about the specific drug interactions of the solution. Sodium chloride (and its analogs) is compatible with most medications. When diluted with a solution of powdered antibiotics, an increase in their bioavailability is noted. The drug is not recommended to be combined with corticosteroids (Enalapril) and leukopoiesis stimulants (Filgrastim).

For rinsing the nose

Nasal spray based on sodium chloride has a lot of positive properties and almost no side effects. Therefore, sodium chloride for nasal rinsing is used especially widely in pediatric practice to eliminate runny nose in young patients without harm to their health. A saline-based nasal spray is instilled into the nasal passage only after it has been thoroughly cleansed. Adults are recommended to take 2-3 injections three times a day, while for children the indicated dosage should be halved.

Intravenously

In medical practice, parenteral (intravenous) administration of saline is mostly used. For this purpose, the sodium chloride dropper is preheated to 36 degrees. The volume of the administered drug depends on the condition, age and weight of the patient. On average, the daily dose of NaCl should not exceed 500 milliliters. In case of poisoning accompanied by a severe degree of intoxication, the maximum volume can reach 3000 ml. In this case, the rate of infusion (infusion) of the drug is allowed to be increased to 70 drops per minute.

This method of administering saline helps to immediately restore the water-salt balance in the body - this is why sodium chloride is injected intravenously in case of dehydration. In addition, parenteral administration is indicated as plasma replacement therapy and is used for excessively thick blood. It is important to say that saline solution for IVs is often used to dilute any drug that needs to be administered intravenously. In this case, the characteristics of such infusions are determined based on the main medication.

For inhalations

A therapeutic procedure involving inhalation of sodium chloride is indicated for colds. Treatment of infectious pathologies of the respiratory tract is carried out with a combination of saline solution and a bronchodilator. Remember, alkaline (with added salt, soda) inhalations are contraindicated for children under 6 years of age.

Contraindications for sodium chloride

Like any other medicine, NaCl also has some limitations for use. For example, it is prohibited to use saline solution for patients with blood circulation disorders. The fact is that this pathological condition is dangerous due to the development of cerebral edema. For this reason, artificially flooding the body with saline solution during persistent development of circulatory disorders can significantly aggravate the clinical picture of the disease and lead to irreversible consequences. In addition, the use of NaCl is prohibited under the following conditions:

  • pulmonary edema;
  • hypernatremia;
  • hyperchloremia;
  • chronic heart failure;
  • arterial hypertension;
  • acute left ventricular failure;
  • during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding).

Sodium chloride price

In pharmacies in Moscow and St. Petersburg, saline solution can be purchased for an average of 30 rubles. At the same time, some private pharmacies, in an effort to compensate for losses, inflate the price of sodium chloride (often with an expired expiration date). For this reason, most of the population today prefers to buy medicines from bona fide virtual sellers. Meanwhile, you can find out the prices for saline solution for IVs in different pharmacies in Moscow below:

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Reviews

I used a compress with saline solution when a child developed a boil on his leg. For 4 days before going to bed, I applied gauze soaked in NaCL to my son’s leg and left the bandage on until the morning. The boil broke out on the second day of treatment, after which I applied a compress for several more days to prevent secondary infection of the resulting wound.

I save myself from seasonal exacerbations of rhinitis only with sodium chloride. For this purpose, I buy a special nasal spray at the pharmacy, which I inject into the nasal cavity about 4-5 times a day. As a rule, after 3-4 days of such treatment, the symptoms of rhinitis (stuffiness, runny nose) gradually disappear, and I return to my normal lifestyle.

He underwent intravenous administration of sodium chloride for dehydration due to severe food poisoning. I must say that all my negative conditions disappeared immediately after completing just one infusion. After I found out what sodium chloride is, I consider it simply a salvation for people with signs of poisoning.

The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials in the article do not encourage self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and make recommendations for treatment based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

Source: http://sovets.net/13072-natriya-chlorid.html

Sodium chloride. Instructions for use

Why is sodium chloride needed? You will learn about this from the materials in this article.

Composition, description and packaging

Sodium chloride solution is intended for infusion. The drug is a clear and colorless liquid. Its active substance is sodium chloride. The medicine also contains distilled water.

The medicine goes on sale in 100 ml containers or bottles, which are placed in cardboard boxes.

pharmachologic effect

As mentioned above, sodium chloride contains an active element such as sodium chloride. It is responsible for maintaining constant pressure in the extracellular fluid and blood. Its intake into the body is ensured through food consumption.

Pathological conditions such as diarrhea, extensive burns or vomiting, accompanied by a large release of sodium chloride, provoke its deficiency. As a result of this influence, the blood begins to thicken, which contributes to the development of convulsive contractions of muscle tissue, spasms of smooth muscles, as well as disruption of blood circulation and the functioning of the nervous system.

A timely administered agent (sodium chloride) replenishes the lack of fluid and restores the salt balance. It should be noted that due to the same osmotic pressure with the blood, this medication is not retained in the vessels. After about 60 minutes, no more than half of the administered dose remains in the body. This explains the lack of effectiveness of the drug “Sodium Chloride” for severe blood loss.

It should also be noted that the agent in question has plasma-substituting and detoxification properties.

For what purposes is sodium chloride solution administered intravenously? Why is this necessary? When administered in this way, a hypertonic agent replenishes the deficiency of chlorine and sodium ions, and also enhances diuresis.

Sodium chloride: application

The following solutions can be used for medical purposes:

  • Isotonic, or so-called physiological 0.9% solution, which contains 9 g of sodium chloride and distilled water (up to 1 l).
  • Hypertonic 10% solution - contains 100 g of sodium chloride and distilled water (up to 1 l).

Saline solution is used for:

  • maintaining plasma volume in the blood during and after surgery;
  • restoration of electrolyte and water balance during dehydration of various origins;
  • maintaining plasma volume during diarrhea, extensive burns, diabetic coma and blood loss;
  • detoxification of the body (for food poisoning, dysentery, cholera, etc.);
  • washing the eyes for allergic and inflammatory irritations of the cornea;
  • inhalation (using special inhalers) of the respiratory tract;
  • washing the nasal mucosa for rhinopharyngitis, allergic rhinitis, acute respiratory infections, as well as for the prevention of sinusitis and after removal of adenoids and polyps.

It should also be noted that this product is used to moisturize fabric dressings and bandages, treat wounds, etc. The neutral environment of the saline solution in question is ideal for dissolving medications (for intravenous administration).

Indications for the use of hypertonic solution

Hypertonic sodium chloride solution is prescribed for:

  • dehydration due to stomach, pulmonary or intestinal bleeding, vomiting, burns or diarrhea;
  • deficiency of sodium or chlorine ions;
  • silver nitrate poisoning.

In addition, this solution is used as an auxiliary medication when increased diuresis is required.

This medication is used externally for antimicrobial treatment of wounds, and rectally for microenemas for constipation.

Contraindications for use

Sodium chloride solution is not recommended for use when:

  • hypernatremia, extracellular hyperhydration, acidosis, hyperchloremia, hypokalemia;
  • edema of the brain, lungs, acute left ventricular failure, concomitant administration of corticosteroids, especially in high dosages;
  • circulatory disorders that threaten cerebral or pulmonary edema.

Sodium chloride: instructions for use

The isotonic solution is administered subcutaneously and intravenously. Before use, the medication is warmed to a temperature of degrees.

The administered volume of the drug depends on the patient’s condition, as well as the amount of fluid lost by him. In addition, the patient's body weight and age are taken into account.

The average daily dosage of the product is 500 ml, and the average rate of administration is 540 ml per hour.

The maximum volume of the drug per day is 3000 ml. This amount is administered only in case of severe dehydration or intoxication.

The dose of saline solution for children also depends on their age and body weight. On average, it is ml per kg of body weight per day.

With long-term use of the drug in large dosages, it is necessary to analyze the content of electrolytes in the blood and urine.

To dilute medications that are administered by drip, use ml of solution per dose of sodium chloride.

Instructions for use of hypertonic solution

This solution is administered intravenously (10-30 ml). Also, 2-5% of the drug is used for gastric lavage, especially in cases of silver nitrate poisoning.

In case of severe food poisoning, about 100 ml of solution is administered dropwise.

To induce defecation (with rectal enemas), approximately 100 ml of a 5 percent hypertonic or 3000 ml of isotonic solution is used (per day).

It should also be noted that hypertensive enema is often used for renal and cardiac edema, intracranial pressure and hypertension.

Outdoor use

Treatment of purulent wounds is carried out according to the following scheme: a compress soaked in a solution is applied to abscesses, festering wounds, phlegmons or boils. This effect causes the death of bacteria, as well as the separation of pus.

Sodium chloride drops or nasal spray can be used to treat the nasal cavity.

Source: http://www.syl.ru/article/197503/new_hloristyiy-natriy-instruktsiya-po-primeneniyu

Sodium chloride: instructions for use

Sodium chloride is a drug intended for detoxification or rehydration.

Composition, release form

The medication is produced in the form of a clear, colorless solution. 1 liter of medicine contains 9 g of active compound in the form of sodium chloride.

Water for injection is used as additional compounds.

Pharmacological properties

The medication exhibits a rehydrating and detoxifying effect. The drug helps to compensate for the deficiency of the microelement sodium in various diseases and for some time increases the volume of circulating fluid.

The trace element sodium is of great importance in the process of transmitting various signals in nerve cells, takes part in electrophysiological reactions occurring in the heart, and also plays an important role in the metabolic process in the kidneys.

The drug is excreted from the body to a greater extent by the kidneys. A certain amount of the microelement is excreted through sweat and the intestines.

Indications for use

Sodium chloride droppers are prescribed for the following diseases:

  • Lack of trace element sodium;
  • Dissolving or diluting medications that need to be administered parenterally;
  • Extracellular isotonic dehydration.
  • Decreased concentration of the microelement potassium;
  • Excessive fluid content in the body;
  • Acidosis.
  • Use of large dosages of glucocorticosteroids;
  • Left ventricular failure in the acute stage;
  • Acidosis, extracellular hyperhydration;
  • The appearance of circulatory changes indicating the likelihood of developing pulmonary or cerebral edema;
  • swelling of the brain or lungs;
  • Hypernatremia, hyperchloremia, hypokalemia.

Dosage regimen

The medication is prescribed as intravenous drip injections. The dosage is determined by a specialist, taking into account the disease, fluid loss, body weight and age of the patient. In this case, it is necessary to monitor the amount of electrolytes in urine and plasma.

The dosage of the drug for adult patients is 500 ml three times a day.

The dosage of the drug for children is equal to ml per day per 1 kg of body weight.

The dosage that should be used when dissolving or diluting other medications is located in the interval ml per 1 dosage of the administered medication. The rate of administration and dosage is determined according to the recommendations for the use of the administered medication.

Overdose

If the drug is used in a dosage exceeding the therapeutic norm, the following symptoms may appear: increased blood pressure, fever, decreased tear and salivation, pain in the abdomen in the form of cramps, vomiting, tachycardia, sweating, thirst, diarrhea, nausea, pulmonary edema , headache, anxiety, weakness, dizziness, irritability.

In case of overdose, treatment is carried out aimed at suppressing unwanted symptoms.

Drug interactions

The medication combines well with most drugs. Due to this property, it is often used as a base solvent.

Lactation, pregnancy

The medicine is allowed to be prescribed to patients during lactation and pregnancy.

Side effects

The use of the medication may cause the following undesirable effects:

When using the drug as a base solvent for other drugs, the likelihood of developing undesirable manifestations is determined by the characteristics of these drugs. In such a situation, if side effects occur, it is necessary to stop the administration of the medication, assess the patient’s well-being, take the necessary measures and leave the medicine for testing, if necessary.

Contraindications

The medication should not be prescribed in the following situations:

The medication is prescribed with caution to patients suffering from arterial hypertension, peripheral edema, and chronic heart failure.

special instructions

Carrying out any injection with this drug requires monitoring the patient’s well-being, his biological and clinical indicators, special attention should be paid to assessing plasma electrolytes. In a child's body, due to the immaturity of the kidneys, sodium excretion may slow down. In this regard, for such patients, with repeated infusions, the procedure can begin after determining the amount of sodium.

The medicine is allowed to be used only if the packaging is intact and without any foreign matter. Containers should not be connected one at a time, as this may cause an air embolism due to the entry of air remaining in the first package.

The solution must be administered under sterile conditions while observing the basics of antiseptics. To prevent air from entering the infusion system, it must be filled with solution, and the remaining air must be completely released from the plastic packaging.

Other medications may be added during or before the infusion by injection into the area of ​​the package specifically designated for this procedure.

After one use, the packaging must be disposed of. Any unused dose should also be discarded.

You cannot reconnect incompletely used containers (regardless of how much medicine is left in it).

The effect of the medication on the ability to drive vehicles and operate complex machinery has not been described.

The average cost of the drug Sodium chloride in Moscow is 26 rubles.

Analogs

Analogs of the drug Sodium chloride in terms of pharmacological properties are: Physiological solution "Fiziologika", Physiodoza, Salin, Rizosin, Sodium chloride-Senderesis, Sodium chloride bufus, Sodium chloride Brown, Sodium chloride Bieffe, Aqua-Rinosol.

Terms and conditions of storage

The medication is stored at a temperature of no more than 25 degrees C in a place away from small children. The medicine is allowed to be used for 1.5 years for a volume of 50 ml, for 2 years for a volume of 100 ml and for 3 years for a volume of 500, 250 ml or 1 liter.

Source: http://bezboleznej.ru/natriya-chlorid

Sodium chloride

Content

Structural formula

Russian name

Latin name of the substance: Sodium chloride

Gross formula

Pharmacological group of the substance Sodium chloride

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

CAS code

Characteristics of the substance Sodium chloride

White cubic crystals or white crystalline powder, salty taste, odorless. Easily soluble in water (1:3), slightly soluble in ethanol.

Pharmacology

Sodium chloride maintains the appropriate osmotic pressure of blood plasma and extracellular fluid. When the concentration of sodium chloride in the blood plasma decreases, water passes from the vascular bed into the interstitial fluid; with a significant deficiency, spasms of smooth muscles and convulsive contractions of skeletal muscles occur, and the functions of the nervous and cardiovascular systems are disrupted.

A 0.9% sodium chloride solution is isotonic with human blood plasma and is therefore quickly removed from the vascular bed, only temporarily increasing the volume of circulating fluid. Hypertonic solutions (3–5–10%) are used intravenously and externally. When applied externally, they promote the secretion of pus, exhibit antimicrobial activity, and when administered intravenously, they increase diuresis and replenish the deficiency of sodium and chlorine ions.

When administered intranasally, sodium chloride in the form of a spray of 0.65% or 0.9% moisturizes the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, thins thick mucus, softens dry crusts in the nose and facilitates their easy removal. Restores the patency of the nasal passages, facilitates nasal breathing by moisturizing the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and thinning the mucus.

Application of the substance Sodium chloride

Solution 0.9% - large losses of extracellular fluid (including toxic dyspepsia, cholera, diarrhea, uncontrollable vomiting, extensive burns with severe exudation), hypochloremia and hyponatremia with dehydration, intestinal obstruction, as a detoxification agent; washing wounds, eyes, nasal cavity, for dissolving and diluting various medicinal substances and moistening dressings.

Hypertonic solution - pulmonary, gastric and intestinal bleeding, as an auxiliary osmotic diuretic during forced diuresis, dehydration, silver nitrate poisoning, for the treatment of purulent wounds (topically), constipation (rectally).

Hygienic care for the nasal mucosa of adults and children (including infants - 0.65% spray without menthol), cleansing the nasal cavity of viscous mucus and crusts.

Dryness of the nasal mucosa, incl. occurring when working in dusty rooms or working with paints and varnishes, or during prolonged stays in air-conditioned rooms.

Sinusitis, rhinitis of various etiologies (in complex treatment), after surgery on the nasal cavity.

Contraindications

Hypernatremia, acidosis, hyperchloremia, hypokalemia, extracellular hyperhydration; circulatory disorders that threaten cerebral and pulmonary edema; cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, acute left ventricular failure, concomitant therapy with GCs in high doses.

Children under 2 years of age for a spray of 0.9% and for a spray with menthol 0.65% or 0.9%.

Restrictions on use

Impaired renal function, heart failure, arterial hypertension, peripheral edema, toxicosis of pregnancy (for large volumes of isotonic solution).

Side effects of the substance Sodium chloride

Acidosis, overhydration, hypokalemia.

Overdose

Cases of overdose have not been described.

Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramping abdominal pain, thirst, decreased salivation and lacrimation, sweating, fever, tachycardia, increased blood pressure, renal failure, peripheral edema, pulmonary edema, respiratory arrest, headache, dizziness, anxiety, irritability , weakness, muscle cramps and rigidity, generalized seizures, coma and death.

Excessive administration of the solution may cause hypernatremia.

Excessive intake of chloride into the body can lead to hyperchloremic acidosis.

When using sodium chloride in the form of a solution for infusion as a base solution for diluting and dissolving other drugs, symptoms and complaints with excessive administration are most often associated with the properties of the drugs administered.

When using sodium chloride in the form of a spray, cases of overdose have not been described.

Routes of administration

IV, s/c, enemas, local.

Interactions with other active ingredients

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