How to treat tracheitis

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How to treat tracheitis in adults: traditional, medicinal and antibacterial drugs

One of the common diseases is tracheitis, which can be diagnosed in both adult patients and children.

Table of contents:

Tracheitis is a pathology of the trachea that develops as a result of the progression of a bacterial or viral infection in the nasopharynx cavity.

In the absence of effective therapy, a cough can bother the patient for several weeks, and the development of such a disease in children can cause asphyxia. It is for this reason that you need to know how to treat tracheitis in adults and children, and how to avoid the development of such a disease.

Reasons for the development of tracheitis

Tracheitis is an inflammation of the tracheal mucosa

Experts say that tracheitis is predominantly of infectious origin. In most cases, it develops against the background of such types of diseases as:

In other words, tracheitis in most cases develops in combination with a cold. In addition, the development of tracheitis can occur for the following reasons:

  • Often the cause of the development of the disease in adults and children is hypothermia. If the temperature drops, it causes a spasmodic state of the vessels in the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. The result of this pathological condition is a decrease in the protective functions of the patient’s body, which allows conditionally pathogenic microorganisms to become active. In fact, such microorganisms are constantly present on the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, but with normal functioning of the immune system they do not cause the development of disease. If the body “gives slack,” tracheitis develops.
  • The disease can also be provoked by allergies, the appearance of which is accompanied by the development of an inflammatory process in the tracheal mucosa. It is not uncommon for an allergic reaction to develop due to a genetic predisposition, close contact with various types of chemicals, and as various types of infections progress in the patient’s body.
  • Tracheitis often develops when the functioning of the patient’s immune system is disrupted. This pathological condition can develop as a result of prolonged and frequent infections and insufficient intake of vitamins and nutrients into the body. With a decrease in immunity, tracheitis can develop into dangerous diseases such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
  • In some cases, tracheitis can develop as a result of disease in organs such as the kidneys and heart. With this pathological process, there is a disruption in the supply of blood and oxygen to the respiratory organs and lungs.
  • The development of tracheitis can be triggered by the entry of a foreign object into the trachea, which causes the development of an inflammatory process. In this condition, the body tries with all its might to get rid of the foreign object and bring it out.

Acute tracheitis can become chronic and this occurs in people who suffer from alcoholism and smoke a lot. The disease often develops when inhaling cold, dusty or dry air, as well as high concentrations of chemicals.

Symptoms of the disease

Pain in the throat, fever and dry cough are signs of tracheitis

A characteristic symptom of tracheitis is acute inflammation of the overlying parts of the respiratory tract. With the development of such a disease, the patient begins to be bothered by a dry cough, which can occur in the morning and at night. Often such an obsessive cough appears while laughing, crying and when taking a deep breath.

During a coughing attack, a person begins to feel a raw pain in the sternum and throat, which causes problems with breathing movements. With this pathological condition, breathing becomes shallow and rapid.

In addition, the patient’s general condition noticeably worsens:

  • body temperature rises
  • there is increased weakness and drowsiness
  • the patient gets tired quickly
  • lymph nodes may become enlarged

In most cases, tracheitis develops against the background of respiratory diseases, so associated symptoms appear in the form of sneezing, nasal congestion and pain in the throat.

Diagnosis of pathology

A doctor can make a diagnosis of “tracheitis” during a general examination of the patient, when he listens to the lungs using a phonendoscope and uses a laryngoscope. In addition, the history of the development of the disease and the patient’s complaints about his condition are carefully studied.

The patient's blood is tested and the results obtained may be signs of an inflammatory reaction.

To confirm the diagnosis, the following additional studies may be prescribed:

  • Chest x-ray eliminates the possibility of an inflammatory process in the lungs
  • conducting a study of sputum for the presence of a pathogen and determining its sensitivity to antibacterial drugs
  • spirometry helps assess airflow in the airways and the ability of the lungs to expand

During the examination of the patient, the specialist will immediately notice swelling of the larynx, which indicates the development of acute tracheitis. When listening, wheezing is observed, which is scattered throughout the lungs.

Drug therapy for the disease

Effective treatment of tracheitis in adults with medications

Elimination of tracheitis with the help of drug treatment is carried out if the disease has developed as a result of a bacterial infection. To eliminate the cause of the disease, broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs are prescribed, which are available in the form of tablets and aerosols.

Medical practice shows that to eliminate tracheitis, specialists prescribe antibiotics from the group of natural penicillins. In the event that the course of the pathology is supplemented by bronchitis, then drug therapy is supplemented with semi-synthetic antibacterial agents of the latest generation.

When a patient is diagnosed with an acute viral form of tracheitis without any complications, treatment is carried out using:

  • antitussives
  • antiviral
  • immunomodulatory
  • antihistamines

The greatest effect during drug treatment can be achieved with the help of drugs produced in the form of aerosols. This form of drugs allows you to penetrate into all parts of the trachea and bronchial tree.

Inhalations using antiseptics and ultrasonic devices give good results.

The most effective medications to help get rid of tracheitis are:

When body temperature rises above 38 degrees, antipyretic drugs are taken. It is important to remember that taking any medications should be carried out according to indications and under the supervision of a specialist.

Inhalations for tracheitis

Inhalations for tracheitis are the best method of treating the disease

Often, to eliminate a pathology such as tracheitis, inhalations using a nebulizer are prescribed. Thanks to this special device, it is possible to spray medications concentrated and directly onto the inflamed areas of the mucous membrane.

At home, treating such respiratory diseases using inhalation is considered the most effective method. When the patient inhales heated essential oils and other active substances, they enter directly into the larynx and pharynx.

At home, treatment of tracheitis can be carried out using the following drugs:

  • A good result is obtained by using saline solution, that is, ordinary sodium hydrochloride. With the help of such a solution, it is possible to well moisturize the mucous membrane and help the body with a strong cough and dry nasopharynx. You can breathe saline before visiting a specialist and prescribing medication, as well as in case of frequent coughing attacks. In addition, saline solution is the basis of any inhalation, because all medications are diluted in a nebulizer with its addition.
  • To treat respiratory diseases, you can use a soda solution, which is poured directly into the nebulizer. With the help of such inhalations, it is possible to moisturize the mucous membrane of the trachea and cough well.
  • Inhalations for tracheitis can be carried out using mineral water, but only alkaline water. Thanks to treatment with their help, it is possible to moisturize the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract and quickly remove accumulated mucus.
  • A good effect is achieved by inhalation with a nebulizer using drugs such as Lazolvan and Mukolvan. The main component of such drugs is ambroxol and before use they must be diluted with saline solution. This inhalation has a moisturizing effect on the mucous membrane and helps with the removal of sputum.
  • One of the strong and effective medications, thanks to which it is possible to open the bronchi, is Berodual. It is usually prescribed for a disease such as tracheobronchitis. To eliminate pathology, experts often recommend combining Berodual with hormonal drugs. Carrying out inhalations at home allows you to get rid of the symptoms of acute tracheitis in just a few days.

Prescribing antibiotics for illness

An antibacterial drug for the treatment of tracheitis can only be prescribed by a doctor.

For tracheitis, antibacterial drugs are prescribed if an inflammatory process develops. The main goal of such treatment is to suppress the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and their complete destruction.

Experts prescribe treatment with antibacterial drugs in the following cases:

  • suspected pneumonia
  • prolonged cough that does not go away for more than 2 weeks
  • high body temperature for several days
  • development of the inflammatory process in the tonsils, sinuses and ears

When treating tracheitis, the following groups of antibacterial agents can be used:

  • Macrolides: Sumamed, Ormax and Azithromycin
  • Cephalosporins: Keflix, Cephalexin and Ceftriaxone
  • Penicillins: Amoxiclav, Flemoxin and Amoxicillin

It is important to remember that treatment with antibacterial drugs should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist and in compliance with the dosage specified in the instructions.

Traditional medicine against disease

The best traditional medicine recipes

To obtain the fastest possible effect in eliminating tracheitis, it is recommended to combine traditional treatment of the respiratory system with traditional medicine.

Traditional medicine offers the following ways to combat tracheitis:

  • frequent warm drinks, but never hot drinks
  • drinking chamomile tea has a good effect
  • you can add honey to tea and milk and drink in small sips

To treat throat diseases, you can use the following recipe:

  • you need to heat a glass of milk and put 5 ml of honey in it
  • add 1/2 teaspoon of baking soda to the mixture
  • The medicine must be taken in small sips.

An effective remedy in the fight against tracheitis is considered to be gargling with a solution with the addition of:

Traditional medicine for the treatment of respiratory diseases recommends applying compresses, which significantly speeds up the healing process. It is important to remember that such a procedure is allowed only if the patient does not have a fever and the cough has become productive.

More information about tracheitis can be found in the video:

The patient still continues to be bothered by coughing attacks at night, so it is recommended to apply compresses from about 3-4 days of illness. When diagnosing tracheitis, it is recommended to apply compresses for a few minutes before going to bed.

It is important to remember that compresses should only be applied to the chest area, and in no case to the throat.

When treating respiratory pathologies, you can use the following compress recipes:

  • you need to boil two potatoes, wash them thoroughly, add a little sunflower oil and apply the resulting mass to your chest
  • you can rub the chest area with a mixture prepared from 10 ml of honey and 3 drops of eucalyptus essential oil

Traditional medicine offers many effective ways to combat respiratory diseases, but before using them, it is recommended to consult a specialist.

Treatment of illness during pregnancy

Safe treatment of tracheitis during pregnancy

The complexity of treating respiratory diseases during pregnancy is complicated by the fact that the use of many medications is prohibited during this period. It is important to remember that when the first symptoms of pathology appear, the expectant mother must visit a specialist. This is explained by the fact that tracheitis develops under the influence of a virus that can penetrate the placenta to the developing fetus.

Thanks to the achievements of modern medicine, today there are a sufficient number of medications that can be taken during pregnancy. Among antibacterial drugs, treatment of tracheitis can be carried out using cephalosporins and the penicillin group.

In addition, Bioparox aerosol is considered the most effective medicine for the treatment of tracheitis in women during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

The following procedures are contraindicated for women while expecting a child:

It is important to remember that during pregnancy it is necessary to refrain from any self-medication, which will avoid the development of many complications.

Features of the treatment of illness in children

The development of tracheitis in childhood indicates a disruption of the immune system, so treatment should be as gentle as possible. Most often, the development of pathology occurs under the influence of viral infections, so therapy is carried out using antiviral agents.

The main task in the treatment of such a respiratory disease is to relieve coughing attacks that occur at night. In addition, it is important to activate the body’s protective functions and carry out detoxification, because recovery can only be achieved if the virus is completely eliminated from the child’s body.

If the child has a severe cough, he is prescribed antitussive syrups, which are widely available in the pharmacy chain. The choice of medication is determined by the nature of the cough, because it can be dry or with sputum discharge. If the disease becomes protracted, antiviral drugs are prescribed.

When a bacterial infection progresses in a child’s body, treatment of the pathology is carried out using antibacterial drugs, among which Sumamed is considered the best.

It is possible to stop the inflammatory process in the respiratory tract with the help of irrigation with a drug such as Bioparox. Tracheitis is considered a complex and unpleasant disease that requires mandatory treatment. Carrying out complex therapy will help get rid of unpleasant symptoms and speed up the patient’s recovery process.

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Comments (1)

01/04/2017 at 15:33 | #

If you consult a doctor in time, you will recover faster. When I was diagnosed with tracheitis, I was prescribed nebulizer inhalations with Prospan drops. Treatment began immediately. This way the throat softens and the dry cough goes away.

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Tracheitis - causes, signs, symptoms and treatment in adults

Tracheitis is a clinical syndrome characterized by inflammatory changes in the tracheal mucosa, which is a manifestation of respiratory infections, occurring both acutely and chronically. Just like respiratory infections, tracheitis is most common in the autumn, winter and spring seasons.

As a rule, the disease does not manifest itself as an independent disease, but develops against the background of other viral infections. What kind of disease is this, what are the first signs and symptoms, as well as how to treat tracheitis in adults, we will consider further.

What is tracheitis?

Tracheitis is an inflammatory process in the mucous membrane of the trachea. Tracheitis in adults rarely occurs in isolation; most often it joins rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, forming rhinopharyngotracheitis, laryngotracheitis, tracheobronchitis.

How long does the disease last? The period of illness and recovery period always depend on the form of the inflammatory process, which can be either acute or chronic, that is, protracted. In addition, how long tracheitis lasts is influenced by the patient’s immune system; the more actively the body fights tracheitis, the faster the recovery will occur.

The prognosis with timely treatment is favorable, the duration of the disease ranges from 7 to 14 days.

Depending on the etiological factor, tracheitis occurs:

  • Infectious:
  • bacterial;
  • viral;
  • mixed, or bacterial-viral.
  • Allergic.
  • Infectious-allergic.

Depending on the combination with other diseases (the most common forms):

  • rhinopharyngotracheitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose, pharynx and trachea;
  • laryngotracheitis - inflammation of the larynx and trachea;
  • tracheobronchitis is inflammation of the mucous membrane of the trachea and bronchi.

The course of the disease can be:

Acute tracheitis

It occurs more often, in its course and symptoms it resembles a common acute respiratory infection. Acute tracheitis occurs suddenly and has a short duration (on average 2 weeks). When it becomes chronic, periodic exacerbations are observed, which alternate with periods of remission.

Chronic tracheitis

Chronic tracheitis can be either a consequence of acute tracheitis or other chronic inflammatory processes (inflammation of the sinuses, nasopharynx). Factors that contribute:

  • smoking and alcohol abuse;
  • severe decrease in immunity;
  • occupational hazards and unfavorable environment;
  • emphysema;
  • heart and kidney diseases;
  • chronic runny nose, sinusitis (inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, for example, the maxillary sinuses - sinusitis).

With hypertrophic tracheitis, the vessels dilate and the mucous membrane swells. Mucus secretions become intense, purulent sputum appears.

Atrophic chronic tracheitis causes thinning of the mucous membrane. It becomes gray in color, smooth and shiny, can become covered with small crusts and cause severe coughing. Often, atrophic tracheitis occurs together with atrophy of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract located above.

Causes

The cause of tracheitis is the same infection that causes rhinitis, pharyngitis and laryngitis: staphylococci, streptococci, etc. In case of insufficient treatment (or lack thereof) of these diseases, the inflammatory process can spread to the trachea, causing tracheitis.

Some factors can provoke the development of tracheitis:

  • staying for a long time in a damp, poorly heated room;
  • inhalation of cold, too dry or humid air;
  • irritation of the respiratory tract by toxic vapors or gases;
  • infectious, contact, food and other types of allergens;
  • hypothermia of the body;
  • tobacco smoke when smoking;
  • increased air dustiness.

Tracheitis of allergic origin is an allergic reaction that develops in response to inhalation of various allergens:

  • house, industrial or library dust,
  • plant pollen,
  • microparticles of animal hair,
  • chemical compounds,
  • contained in the air of industrial premises of the chemical, pharmaceutical and perfume industries.

Symptoms of tracheitis

The leading sign of acute inflammation of the trachea is a hacking cough that gets worse at night and in the morning. At first it is dry “barking”, later with the release of thick sputum. During a coughing attack, a person begins to feel a raw pain in the sternum and throat, which causes problems with breathing movements. With this pathological condition, breathing becomes shallow and rapid.

In addition, the patient’s general condition noticeably worsens:

  • body temperature rises
  • there is increased weakness and drowsiness
  • the patient gets tired quickly
  • Lymph nodes may become enlarged.
  • high body temperature (about 380C);
  • general weakness of the body;
  • increased fatigue with minimal physical activity;
  • pain in the chest and between the shoulder blades during coughing attacks;
  • shallow rapid breathing;
  • headache;
  • insomnia;
  • burning sensation and sore throat;
  • slight enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes;
  • hoarseness of voice;
  • wheezing in the lungs;
  • severe runny nose;
  • grayish skin tone due to impaired breathing;
  • sweating;
  • lack of appetite.
  • Manifests itself in serious changes in the mucous membrane of the throat. It swells, becomes edematous, and the blood vessels are dilated.
  • There may be an accumulation of purulent or mucous contents, which, when dried, give rise to hard-to-remove crusts.

Acute paroxysmal cough is characteristic of inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Any inflammatory process in the respiratory tube is initially characterized by a dry cough. This condition is explained by a slight secretion of sputum due to irritation of the nerve receptors of the bronchi, trachea, and larynx. Sputum does not pass away on its own, as it is formed in small quantities.

If there is pharyngitis or laryngitis accompanying tracheitis, patients complain of:

  • burning,
  • soreness,
  • dryness,
  • tickling and other unpleasant sensations in the throat.

Complications

One of the complications of tracheitis are changes and neoplasms of an endotracheal nature. They can be both benign and malignant, and arise due to the constant influence of the inflammatory process and changes in the mucous membrane of the trachea.

Diagnostics

If signs of inflammation of the respiratory tract appear, you should contact your local physician, who, after a physical examination, will probably recommend visiting an otolaryngologist. The diagnosis of tracheitis is established based on clinical and epidemiological data.

Typically, tracheitis is diagnosed quickly, but in some cases (for example, if the patient sought medical help late, when the disease is actively progressing), additional examination may be necessary. These include the following procedures:

  • X-ray of the chest organs - this way doctors rule out pneumonia;
  • spirography - assesses airway patency and excludes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or bronchial asthma;
  • laboratory examination of sputum - this procedure is necessary to identify the causative agent of the disease if it is intended to prescribe antibacterial drugs (antibiotics).

Treatment of tracheitis

Moderate and mild forms of pathology, which are combined with other signs of a respiratory infection, are treated at home (outpatient).

  • identification and elimination of the etiological factor - allergen, viruses, bacteria;
  • relief of symptoms of the disease;
  • preventing the development of complications or transition to a chronic form.

The greatest effect during drug treatment in adults can be achieved with the help of drugs produced in the form of aerosols. This form of drugs allows you to penetrate into all parts of the trachea and bronchial tree.

  • For bacterial tracheitis, antibiotics are used (amoxicillin, ceftrioxone, azithromycin),
  • for a viral infection - antiviral agents (proteflazid, umifenovir, interferon preparations),
  • for allergies - antiallergic drugs (loratadine, desoloratadine, hifenadine).
  • Expectorants (marshmallow root, coltsfoot, thermopsis) and mucolytics (acetylcesteine, bromhexine) are used.

Antibiotics are prescribed for proven bacterial infection. It will take 1-2 weeks for bacterial culture results to be obtained. During this period, tracheitis must be treated. A bacterial infection can be assumed based on an increase in white blood cells and a high temperature for more than 3 days.

The greatest effect during drug treatment can be achieved with the help of drugs produced in the form of aerosols. This form of drugs allows you to penetrate into all parts of the trachea and bronchial tree.

Throughout the entire course of treatment, a gentle chemical, mechanical diet is recommended (fatty, spicy, fried foods are excluded), only warm drinks and drinking in large quantities. Mustard plasters are attached to the chest area, the room is regularly ventilated, and wet cleaning is carried out.

How to treat chronic tracheitis?

Chronic tracheitis in adults takes much longer to treat than its acute form. This is due to the fact that treatment of chronic tracheitis is aimed not only at eliminating the cough symptom, but also at treating complications such as pharyngitis and bronchitis. The chronic form of the disease most often has a bacterial etiology; accordingly, antibacterial therapy is indicated.

  • When mucopurulent sputum is isolated, broad-spectrum antibiotics are used: ampicillin, doxycycline.
  • Inhalations of phytoncides are used: onion, garlic and chlorophyllipt.
  • Expectorant medications include copious alkaline drinks, a 3% solution of potassium iodide, decoctions and infusions of marshmallow and thermopsis.
  • stressful situations;
  • physical exercise;
  • smoking;
  • consumption of alcoholic beverages.

How to treat tracheitis with folk remedies

Traditional medicine offers many effective ways to combat respiratory diseases, but before using them, it is recommended to consult a specialist.

  1. You can gargle with infusion of onion peels. Pour 2 tablespoons of husks into two glasses of boiling water, leave for 2-4 hours in a thermos and gargle with the infusion several times a day.
  2. Inhalations for tracheitis can be carried out using mineral water, but only alkaline water. Thanks to treatment with their help, it is possible to moisturize the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract and quickly remove accumulated mucus.
  3. Mustard foot baths. To do this, you just need to pour dry mustard (in powder) into your socks and put them on your feet.
  4. Traditional medicine recommends treating allergic tracheitis with an infusion of blackberry leaves and fruits. For this, 2 tbsp. l. pour 500 ml of mixture. boiling water and let it brew for 1 hour. Drink the strained solution instead of tea.
  5. Take 1 tablespoon of: honey, mustard powder, vegetable oil. Mix. Heat in a water bath. Add 1.5 tablespoons of vodka. Wrap in gauze and make a compress. Leave overnight.
  6. Licorice root helps with tracheitis. The drug has pronounced expectorant and antitussive properties. It reduces the number of attacks, but makes them more effective. Licorice root syrup is one of the most effective herbal remedies.

Prevention

Prevention of both acute and chronic tracheitis is aimed at timely elimination of the causes of tracheitis, strengthening the body, especially for persons predisposed to acute diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

  • Avoid hypothermia and large crowds of people in the autumn-winter-spring periods.
  • A healthy lifestyle (nutrition, walks in the fresh air, exercise, vitamins), fighting bad habits.
  • Hardening the body during a period of health (rubbing, dousing with cool water).
  • Timely treatment for acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections can prevent the onset of tracheitis in some cases.
  • Timely treatment of chronic foci of infections and concomitant diseases.

Proper nutrition, a healthy lifestyle, and careful attention to your health will help avoid the occurrence of diseases such as tracheitis. The symptoms and treatment of this disease can only be determined by a specialist.

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Tracheitis. Causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Prevention and effective treatment of tracheitis in children and adults.

The site provides reference information. Adequate diagnosis and treatment of the disease is possible under the supervision of a conscientious doctor.

Anatomical features of the trachea

  • cervical - the upper part of the trachea, which extends from the larynx and is located in the neck;
  • thoracic – the lower part located inside the chest.

In front of the aorta is the thyroid gland (in children, also the thymus gland), and the aortic arch. The esophagus is located at the back. The open parts of the tracheal rings face just posteriorly, so that food can pass freely.

The inner surface of the trachea is lined with mucous membrane. As the inflammatory process develops, it swells and turns red.

Causes of tracheitis

  • Hypothermia. At low temperatures, spasm of blood vessels in the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract occurs. As a result, defense mechanisms are disrupted. Opportunistic microorganisms are activated: they are constantly present on the mucous membrane and cannot cause disease normally, but become pathogenic when the body “gives slack.”
  • Weakening of the immune system. It can be caused by frequent and prolonged infections, serious illnesses, starvation, vitamin deficiencies and other reasons. With severe disturbances, tracheitis can develop into bronchitis and pneumonia - pneumonia.
  • Allergic reactions. Allergies can also lead to inflammatory processes in the mucous membrane of the trachea. In turn, allergic reactions can be the result of food allergies (in children), hereditary predisposition, contact with various chemicals, long-term infections, etc.
  • Foreign bodies of the trachea. When a foreign object enters the trachea, local inflammation develops on the mucous membrane. The body tries to remove the foreign body out.
  • Smoking. Tobacco smoke is a powerful irritant to the respiratory tract. In general, smoking increases the tendency to any respiratory infections.
  • Alcohol consumption. Ethyl alcohol suppresses the immune system, especially if you drink alcohol in large quantities. If a person suffers from alcoholism, then a situation often occurs when, during vomiting, the contents of the stomach enter the respiratory tract, causing inflammatory processes in the mucous membrane.
  • Air pollution. Vapors, dust, aerosols of various chemicals have a damaging effect on the respiratory tract. They cause irritation of the mucous membrane of the trachea and bronchi, causing inflammation and allergic reactions. Such occupational hazards are present in many enterprises and laboratories.
  • Diseases of other organs. Often tracheitis occurs against the background of heart and kidney diseases (the supply of blood and oxygen to the lungs and respiratory tract is disrupted), emphysema (bloating) of the lungs (ventilation problems occur).

Classifications of tracheitis. What types of tracheitis are there?

  • acute tracheitis: occurs more often, its course and symptoms resemble a common acute respiratory infection;
  • chronic tracheitis: has its own symptoms, usually a complication of acute tracheitis.

By origin:

  • primary tracheitis develops independently and is not associated with other diseases (rare);
  • secondary tracheitis occurs against the background of other infectious diseases of the respiratory tract.

Classification of secondary tracheitis depending on the combination with other diseases (the most common forms):

  • rhinopharyngotracheitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose, pharynx and trachea;
  • laryngotracheitis - inflammation of the larynx and trachea;
  • tracheobronchitis is inflammation of the mucous membrane of the trachea and bronchi.

Classification of tracheitis depending on the cause:

  • infectious tracheitis - the most common type, caused by pathogens;
  • allergic tracheitis is an inflammation of the tracheal mucosa, the main cause of which is allergic reactions.

Types of infectious tracheitis:

  • Bacterial. Most often it is caused by Staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, and Haemophilus influenzae.
  • Viral. Pathogens are influenza virus, parainfluenza and other viruses that cause acute respiratory infections.
  • Fungal. Rarely seen. Caused by fungi of the genus Aspergillus (aspergillosis, Actinomyces (actinomycosis), Candida (candidiasis). The general name for all fungal infections of the trachea is tracheomycosis. Most often they develop against the background of a pronounced decrease in immunity.
  • Mixed. Tracheitis often begins as a viral infection, which is then joined by a bacterial one.

Symptoms of tracheitis

Symptoms of acute viral tracheitis

  • Cough is the main symptom of tracheitis. By nature he is rude, “like a barrel.” At first the cough is dry, then becomes wet, with sputum discharge. His attacks usually occur at night.
  • Pain in the interscapular region, behind the sternum. Occurs during coughing attacks and has a stabbing character.
  • General condition disorder. Body temperature rises, often up to 38⁰C. The patient feels weakness, drowsiness, and increased fatigue. Sometimes the subcutaneous lymph nodes become enlarged.
  • Associated symptoms. Associated with respiratory diseases, against which tracheitis develops. This could be a sore throat, nasal congestion, sneezing, etc.

Symptoms of acute bacterial tracheitis

Symptoms of fungal tracheitis

  • cough in the form of attacks: dry or with sputum;
  • sputum, which is released during a cough, consists of mucus and pus, it contains inclusions in the form of lumps;
  • an increase in temperature, which, as a rule, does not reach 38⁰C;
  • rhinitis (inflammation of the nasal mucosa) associated with allergic reactions;
  • Sometimes bronchospasm attacks occur periodically, as in bronchial asthma.

Based on the symptoms, it can be very difficult to distinguish Aspergillus tracheobronchitis from Aspergillus pneumonia (pneumonia). Additional examination is required.

  • Difficulty breathing, up to attacks of suffocation. This occurs due to the fact that fungi lead to the growth of a pathological tumor-like formation in the lumen of the trachea - actinomyoma. Over time, scar tissue grows in the lumen of the trachea, leading to even greater narrowing.
  • Fistulas. First they form on the wall of the trachea, and then come out to the surface of the skin. Treated surgically.
  • Cough. Reminds that of viral and bacterial tracheitis.
  • Difficulty breathing.
  • Feeling of itching, burning, pain behind the sternum or between the shoulder blades. These symptoms are due to the fact that the fungus forms a film on the mucous membrane of the trachea, which leads to irritation.
  • Increased body temperature (usually up to 37⁰C) and manifestations of allergies. They occur only during exacerbation of candida infection.

Subglottic tracheitis

  • obsessive loud “barking” cough;
  • breathing problems;
  • a sore throat;
  • hoarseness of voice.

Very often, subglottic tracheitis cannot be distinguished from laryngitis. ENT doctors treat them as one disease.

Chronic tracheitis

  • smoking and alcohol abuse;
  • severe decrease in immunity;
  • occupational hazards and unfavorable environment;
  • emphysema;
  • heart and kidney diseases;
  • chronic runny nose, chronic sinusitis (inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, for example, the maxillary sinuses - sinusitis).

What happens in the tracheal mucosa during chronic tracheitis?

  • Atrophic. The mucous membrane of the trachea undergoes atrophy and becomes thinner.
  • Hypertrophic. The mucous membrane of the trachea grows and swells. At the same time, blood vessels grow.

Symptoms of atrophic tracheitis:

  • cough, which develops in the form of painful attacks;
  • most often the cough is dry, but it can also be with sputum;
  • stabbing pain behind the sternum and between the shoulder blades during coughing attacks.

In children and the elderly, the likelihood of complications is high: tracheitis often develops into bronchitis, bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small bronchi).

Diagnosis of tracheitis

Which doctor should you contact if you have symptoms of tracheitis?

Examination and questioning in the doctor’s office

Laboratory and instrumental methods for diagnosing tracheitis

This makes it possible to fully examine the lungs and the pattern of the bronchial tree.

The study is carried out to distinguish tracheitis from bronchitis and pneumonia.

  • laryngotracheoscopy – endoscopic examination of the larynx and trachea;
  • tracheobronchoscopy – endoscopic examination of the trachea and bronchi.

The study is carried out using a flexible endoscope inserted into the trachea (for tracheobronchoscopy, a tube from a fiber gastroscope is used).

Signs of tracheitis during endoscopic examination:

  • bright red edematous mucous membrane of the trachea - with acute tracheitis;
  • pinpoint hemorrhages on the mucous membrane of the trachea - in acute tracheitis caused by the influenza virus or other viral infection;
  • strongly thickened mucous membrane, having a bluish tint, the border between the rings is practically not defined - with chronic hypertrophic tracheitis;
  • dry and thin mucous membrane of the trachea, pale pink in color and covered with crusts - in chronic atrophic tracheitis.

These studies help to identify the pathogen that caused the disease and choose the right antibiotics.

How to treat tracheitis?

Medications

  • in tablet form: 800 mg per day (maximum dose – 1200 mg per day);
  • in the form of injections: 400 mg 2 times a day intravenously for 1 hour, dissolving the required amount of the drug solution from the ampoule in 250 ml of a 5% glucose solution.

Forms of release of the drug:

  • in tablets 400 mg;
  • in ampoules of 5 ml and 400 mg of the drug (80 mg/ml).

The drug is not used during pregnancy, breastfeeding, or under the age of 18 years.

Use in children aged 2 weeks to 12 years: 20 – 80 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. If you get less than 50 mg of the drug per kilogram of body weight per day, then ceftriaxone can be administered intramuscularly, otherwise - only intravenously as a dropper.

The main contraindication is allergic reactions to cephalosporins and penicillins. When prescribing a drug during pregnancy, the doctor must assess the ratio of the need for the drug for the woman and the degree of risk to the fetus.

Release form: in bottles in the form of powder, from which a solution for injection is prepared.

  • amoxicillin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is effective against many types of pathogens;
  • clavulanic acid is a substance that inhibits the activity of bacterial enzymes that protect bacteria from the action of the antibiotic. Thus, a high degree of effectiveness of the drug is achieved.
  • tablets (0.25 and 0.5 g of amoxicillin and 0.125 g of clavulanic acid);
  • suspension (5 ml each, containing 0.125 g or 0.25 g of amoxicillin, clavulanic acid - 0.03 g and 0.06 g, respectively);
  • powder for the preparation of solution for injection in bottles of 0.6 and 1.2 g (0.5 g and 1.0 g of amoxicillin, 0.1 and 0.2 g of clavulanic acid, respectively.)

Directions for use:

  • in adults and children over 14 years old – 1 tablet 3 times a day;
  • for children under 14 years of age - 0.5 - 2 teaspoons of suspension 3 times a day.

Intravenous injection of the solution for injection is carried out every 6 to 8 hours, the dose is 1.2 g of the drug. Children under 14 years of age - at the rate of 30 mg per kg of body weight.

A contraindication to the use of amoxiclav is individual hypersensitivity to the drug and its components.

The drug is available in bottles in the form of a metered aerosol. One dose contains 0.125 mg of the drug. The bottle contains 400 doses.

Inhale 4 doses by mouth every 4 hours for 10 days. In severe cases, increase the number of doses to 6.

The drug is not used in children under 2.5 years of age, as there is a risk of laryngeal spasm.

In tablets (usually 500 mg of active ingredient).

The drug is used in adults and children over 14 years of age. Take 1 – 2 g (2 – 4 tablets of 500 mg) in 2 – 3 divided doses per day.
  • significant liver dysfunction;
  • hypersensitivity to other antibiotics from the macrolide group: erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, etc.
  • antibacterial;
  • anti-inflammatory;
  • local anesthetic: elimination of irritation of the tracheal mucosa.
  • dissolving one lozenge under the tongue 3 times a day;
  • spraying 2 doses of aerosol while inhaling 3 times a day.

Tablets 0.4 g.

Directions for use and dosage:

  • adults – 1 tablet (0.4 g) 3 times a day;
  • children – 20–50 mg per kg of body weight, divided into 2–3 doses.

Contraindications:

Significant renal dysfunction.

Cefotaxime is available as a powder for injection in 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g.

Directions for use and dosage:

Adults and children over 12 years of age are prescribed 1.0 g of Cefotaxime as an intramuscular injection every 8 hours.

  • children under 2.5 years of age;
  • pregnancy;
  • enterocolitis;
  • increased bleeding.
  • dectromethorphan hydrobromide – a substance that suppresses the activity of the cough nerve center in the brain;
  • terpine hydrate is an expectorant that stimulates the work of the glands located in the wall of the trachea and bronchi, helping to liquefy secretions;
  • levomenthol – eliminates bronchospasm, facilitates breathing and improves the patient’s condition.

In the form of lozenges (4 and 10 pcs). Each lozenge contains:

  • dectromethorphan hydrobromide – 2 mg;
  • terpine hydrate – 2 mg;
  • levomentholamkg.

Directions for use in adults: 2–5 lozenges 3–4 times a day. The maximum quantity is 20 lozenges per day.

Directions for use in children aged 7 – 12 years:

Take 1 – 2 lozenges 3 – 4 times a day. The maximum quantity is 8 lozenges per day.

Directions for use in children aged 4 – 6 years:

1 lozenge 3-4 times a day. The maximum amount is 4 lozenges per day.

Contraindications for use:

  • during an attack of bronchial asthma;
  • during pregnancy and breastfeeding;
  • in children under 4 years of age;
  • with increased individual sensitivity to the ingredients included in the drug.
  • effervescent tablets of 0.1, 0.2, 0.6 g (20 or 50 tablets per package);
  • granules in bags of 0.2 and 0.6 g for solution preparation and oral administration;
  • solution for inhalation 20% in ampoules of 5 and 10 ml;
  • solution for injection in ampoules: 5% - 10 ml and 10% - 2 and 3 ml.

Directions for use:

In the form of tablets and granule solution:

  • adults and children over 14 years of age: 0.4 – 0.6 g per day (divided into two doses);
  • children under 14 years of age – 0.2 g per day;
  • children under 6 years old – 0.1 g per day;
  • children under 2 years old – 0.05 g per day.

The tablets are taken after meals.

2 – 5 ml of 10% solution 3 – 4 times during the day. Duration of inhalation – 15 – 20 minutes.

Inside the trachea (performed according to special indications by a doctor in a hospital):

1 ml of 10% solution every hour.

The tablet contains:

  • primrose extract dry extract – 60 mg;
  • thyme dry extract – 160 mg.

Effects of the drug:

  • expectorant: liquefaction and removal of mucus;
  • anti-inflammatory;
  • elimination of bronchospasm.

The drug is available in tablet form.

The drug is prescribed to adults and children over 12 years of age. Take 1 tablet 3 times a day.

Plants included in the syrup:

  • long pepper extract;
  • real cardamom extract;
  • real ginger extract;
  • yellow nightshade extract;
  • long turmeric extract;
  • holy basil extract;
  • adatoda wasika extract;
  • naked licorice extract.
  • adults and children over 14 years old – 2 teaspoons 3 times a day;
  • children from 6 to 14 years old - 0.5 - 1 teaspoon 3 times a day;
  • children from 3 to 5 years old - 0.5 teaspoon 3 times a day.

The usual duration of treatment is from 2 to 3 weeks.

Increased individual sensitivity to the ingredients included in the drug.

Drugs used for tracheitis in individual cases, according to indications

  • Analgin;
  • Aspirin;
  • Paracetamol;
  • Ibuprofen (Nurofen).
  • Suprastin;
  • Diazolin;
  • Tavegil;
  • Pipolfen;
  • Zyrtec.
  • Interferon;
  • Grippferon;
  • Remantadine;
  • Arbidol.

**Any medications should be taken only as prescribed by a doctor. Self-medication may be ineffective and lead to worsening of the condition. This information is provided for informational purposes only.

Using a nebulizer for tracheitis

Rules for choosing a nebulizer for the treatment of tracheitis and other respiratory diseases:

  • Device type. There are three main types of nebulizers: ultrasonic (the medicine is evaporated using ultrasound), compressor (formation of an aerosol under the action of a stream of air), electronic mesh (the medicine solution passes through a special mesh, resulting in the formation of an aerosol). Ultrasound devices are not the best choice, since many medicinal substances are destroyed by ultrasound.
  • Residual volume of medicine. This indicator characterizes the volume of the medicinal substance that remains in the nebulizer chamber after inhalation. The lower this figure, the better.
  • Performance. Shows the volume of drug that comes out of the nebulizer in the form of an aerosol per unit time. The greater the productivity, the less time the inhalation procedure lasts (the higher the speed).
  • Operating time of the device. Inexpensive models of nebulizers cannot work continuously. They require a break after each use. It's not entirely convenient.
  • Possible processing methods. The best treatment for the nebulizer chamber is boiling. But manufacturers do not always provide the possibility of heating to high temperatures.

A nebulizer for tracheitis is used strictly according to indications, only in accordance with doctor’s prescriptions.

Lifestyle recommendations for patients with tracheitis

  • avoid hypothermia;
  • do not talk for a long time and loudly, do not put excessive stress on the vocal cords, especially with subglottic tracheitis;
  • stop smoking or at least minimize the number of cigarettes smoked;
  • avoid intense physical activity;
  • at elevated body temperature - bed rest.

Traditional methods of treating tracheitis*

Inhalation with herbal mixture

  • dried eucalyptus leaves;
  • dried chamomile flowers;
  • pine buds;
  • dried mint herb;
  • dried sage leaves.

All this must be mixed and poured with a glass of boiling water. Then can be used in two ways:

  • if you have an inhaler, then fill it and inhale;
  • if you don’t have an inhaler: pour hot water into a pan, bend over the pan and cover with a warm blanket, inhale for 15 minutes.

Inhalations with propolis

  • beeswax – 60 g
  • propolis – 40 g

Mix and place in a water bath for half an hour. Take off. Breathe over the hot mixture for 15 minutes 2 times a day.

Honey and mustard compress

  • honey;
  • mustard powder;
  • vegetable oil.

Mix. Heat in a water bath. Add 1.5 tablespoons of vodka. Wrap in gauze and make a compress. Leave overnight.

What else can you do with inhalations for tracheitis?

  • essential oils: eucalyptus, fir, spruce, pine, etc.;
  • garlic: just like conifers, this plant contains phytoncides that can destroy pathogenic microorganisms;
  • soda: regular table soda can thin mucus and has an expectorant effect.

*Any folk remedies can be used in the treatment of tracheitis only after consultation with a doctor. Most of the methods described are only suitable for bacterial or viral infectious tracheitis. If allergic tracheitis occurs, their use may lead to a worsening of the condition.

Features of treatment of tracheitis in children

Why is tracheitis more dangerous in a child than in an adult?

  • Drink plenty of warm drinks. You can give your child sweet warm tea with lemon, citrus juices (orange, grapefruit), rosehip infusion, mineral water with lemon juice.
  • Distraction procedures*. Most often, mustard plasters are used on the chest between the shoulder blades. Various compresses are used (with camphor alcohol, honey, horseradish, etc.).
  • Inhalations*. Children undergo the same inhalations as adults. It is advisable to use a good quality nebulizer.
  • Antibiotics and expectorants. Methods of use and dosage for children are indicated above in the table for the treatment of tracheitis in adults.

*Distractive procedures and inhalations should not be performed on children with tracheitis without the supervision of a doctor, since under certain conditions they can provoke an attack of croup.

Physiotherapy procedures used for tracheitis in children

  • high price;
  • Ultrasound destroys some medications, so the use of such inhalers is limited.

UHF currents have the following effects on the body:

  • heat generation and deep heating;
  • anti-inflammatory effect;
  • elimination of bronchospasm.
  • heat generation, deep heating;
  • anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect;
  • elimination of bronchospasm;
  • normalization of the functioning of internal organs, the formation of mucus in the trachea and bronchi.

General course – 10 procedures.

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