Vascular rhinitis treatment

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Vasomotor rhinitis - what it is, causes, symptoms and treatment in adults

Vasomotor rhinitis is a runny nose, one of the most common in humans. Under the influence of the resulting disorder, the mucosal tissues begin to swell and produce large amounts of mucus.

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Additionally, the conductivity of blood vessels and all tissues of the nasal cavity deteriorates, their tone and performance decrease.

Next, we will consider in more detail what kind of disease this is, what are the symptoms and causes of vasomotor rhinitis, as well as what treatment is prescribed for quick relief from a runny nose.

Vasomotor rhinitis: what is it?

Vasomotor rhinitis is a hyperreactivity of the nasal mucosa due to a violation of general and local vascular tone. A constant runny nose worsens the quality of life and this can even affect a person’s psycho-emotional state: sleep disturbance, inattention at work, increased nervousness, irritability, depression.

Vasomotor rhinitis is a disease for which the following symptoms are typical:

Mucus running down the back of the throat leads to chronic sore throat. Excessive secretion occurs due to insufficient cleansing of the inflammatory infiltrate.

Causes

The development of vasomotor rhinitis is based on a violation of the regulation of the tone of blood vessels, which are located in the nasal cavity (inferior turbinates) in the submucosal layer. In a healthy person, the vessels adequately respond to the air entering the respiratory tract, changing the blood supply to the mucous membrane with changes in temperature and humidity.

The reasons for this pathology may be the following:

  • Vegetovascular dystonia.
  • Taking certain groups of medications.
  • Hypotension.
  • The presence of polyps in the nasal cavity.
  • Disturbances at the endocrine level.
  • Physical/emotional stress.

Adults (women 20 years and older) suffer most from vasomotor rhinitis, and the pathological condition occurs at any time of the year.

Factors contributing to the occurrence of pathology:

  • deviated nasal septum;
  • adenoids;
  • growths that appear on the nasal septum (spikes, ridges, etc.);
  • disturbances in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract;
  • prolonged hypothermia.

The development of the disease is facilitated by all kinds of endocrine disorders, as well as changes in the neurovegetative system.

Classification

Numerous studies have helped to identify two main forms of it: neurovegetative and vasomotor allergic rhinitis. Both varieties have a lot in common, but each of them also has special symptoms. In addition, the treatment of different forms of vasomotor rhinitis differs slightly.

Neurovegetative vasomotor rhinitis

What it is? Neurovegetative - this form is caused by a disruption of the chain of nervous mechanisms. As a result, the mucous membrane reacts with an abundance of symptoms in response to ordinary irritants. Neurovegetative vasomotor rhinitis occurs in paroxysmal forms in most cases. Attacks usually bother patients in the morning. And if you manage to examine the mucous membrane at this moment, its cyanosis and pallor will be clearly visible.

As a rule, this form is not characterized by seasonality. It is equally common in all seasons and depends mainly either on external provoking factors (dustiness of the premises, aggressive vapors in the inhaled air, the presence of contact curvatures of the nasal septum), or on the previously mentioned general neurovegetative dysfunction. Usually in the latter case, patients are patients of not only a rhinologist, but also a neurologist.

Allergic vasomotor rhinitis

The allergic form is caused by contact with the mucous membrane of an allergen substance. When examined, the mucous membrane may look bluish or be hyperemic, with severe swelling; the nasal passages are blocked and clogged with mucus. Asthmatic syndrome is often associated.

Divided into two main types:

  • Seasonal allergic rhinitis (eg, hay fever, hay fever - pollen allergy)
  • Year-round allergic rhinitis (for example, allergies to house dust, animal dander, bird feathers, library dust, etc.).

Depending on the symptoms, BP may be:

  • vasomotor proper (severe swelling, in which no outflow of mucus is observed);
  • hypersecretory (a large amount of mucous contents is released from the nasal passages);
  • combined (manifested by both swelling and mucus secretion).

Symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis in adults

Vasomotor rhinitis occurs when the proper functioning of the blood vessels of the nasal cavity is disrupted. As a result of disturbances in vascular tone and their increased blood supply, swelling of the mucous membrane occurs.

Main symptoms in adults:

  • constant or periodic alternating nasal congestion (the symptom is more pronounced during rest, when a person takes a horizontal position);
  • general malaise, weakness;
  • a person is tormented by copious, moderate or scanty mucous discharge from the nose;
  • There may be a burning and itching sensation in the sinuses;
  • feeling of fullness in the nasal cavity;
  • constant or periodic sneezing (sometimes it occurs suddenly and also suddenly stops).

Symptoms are especially pronounced during attacks, which can last from several hours to several days. At the same time, outwardly the person resembles a patient suffering from an active cold.

A sign of vasomotor rhinitis is difficulty breathing through the nose when lying on your back. Difficulty breathing in a position on the side is also characteristic; the lower half of the nose does not breathe. The disease may be indicated by snoring, poor sense of smell, frequent pharyngitis, tracheitis, laryngitis.

  • nasal congestion,
  • copious mucus discharge.

Symptoms in this case increase during the next attack. Patients experience unbearable itching, headache and a feeling of pressure. Such attacks occur suddenly and disappear after 2-3 hours.

  • Swelling of the eyelids;
  • lacrimation;
  • Nasal congestion;
  • Redness of the conjunctiva;
  • Hearing loss due to inflammation in the eustachian tube;
  • Copious secretion of mucus.

With a long-term chronic course, vasomotor rhinitis also disrupts general well-being, causing irritability, increased fatigue, insomnia, headaches and other symptoms of trouble in the nervous system.

Complications

Untimely treatment of vasomotor rhinitis can lead to complications such as:

  • acute or chronic sinusitis;
  • proliferation of adenoids in the nose;
  • inflammation of the maxillary and ear sinuses;
  • transition of the disease to a chronic form, which is more difficult to treat.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis is established based on a thorough collection of anamnestic information about the development of the disease, examination of the patient by an otolaryngologist, laboratory and instrumental examinations to exclude other diseases of the nasal mucosa with similar symptoms.

Upon examination, a group of clinical signs is identified:

  • Enlargement of the lateral walls of the nose (edema);
  • poor contraction of the walls during breathing;
  • the color of the inflamed mucous membrane is red.

The purpose of the examination when diagnosing vasomotor rhinitis is to differentiate it from allergic rhinitis. To do this, nasal secretions are examined, which makes it possible to identify eosinophilia, and tests for allergens are carried out.

Eosinophilia - the appearance of leukocytes eosinophils in the mucus discharged from the nose, indicates an allergic reaction. In neurovegetative vasomotor rhinitis, there are no eosinophils in the mucous secretions.

Treatment of vasomotor rhinitis

Treatment of any form of rhinitis should be based on eliminating the causes that caused the symptoms of the disease. In this case, both conservative methods using medications and the use of traditional methods will be effective.

Vasomotor rhinitis is not always completely curable, but stable remission is most often possible.

Drugs

Preference is given to the following medications:

  • anesthetics and glucocorticosteroids, through which nasal blockades are carried out;
  • vasoconstrictor drugs, atropine-containing nasal drops;
  • “Eskuzan”, “Stugeron”, “Glivenop” - drugs that improve blood microcirculation;
  • “Physiomer”, “Aquamaris” - preparations with sea water for rinsing the nasal passages;
  • “Nasonex”, “Avamis”, “Nasobek”, “Rinocort” - glucocorticosteroid sprays;
  • “Cromohexal”, “Allergodil” - sprays for allergic types of runny nose, as well as antihistamines - “Zyrtec”, “Loratadine”, “Zodak”;
  • "Sinupret" and other homeopathic remedies that reduce the symptoms of rhinitis.

You should not self-treat vasomotor rhinitis with vasoconstrictor drugs, as this will only bring temporary relief and will contribute to the development of addiction to them.

When choosing drops, your preference should be given to saline solutions and hormonal drugs. They do not have a depressant effect on blood vessels, are not addictive and have a small list of contraindications and side effects.

How to treat vasomotor rhinitis of the allergic type? It is treated with the use of antihistamines and corticosteroids, specific immunotherapy, which is carried out over a long period of time.

According to the mechanism of action, all antihistamines are divided into 2 categories:

  • 1st generation drugs (clemastine, chlorpheniramine, diphenyldramine) are characterized by a sedative effect. Prohibited when driving a car;
  • Non-sedating antihistamines (cetirizine and loratadine tablets) should be used carefully when combined with other drugs to avoid unexpected side effects. A common member of the group is azelastine.
Treatment of the chronic form is carried out with the following drugs:
  • Steroid nasal sprays;
  • Oral steroids;
  • Antihistamines;
  • Decongestant sprays;
  • Thinners;
  • Specific immunotherapy;
  • Combined means.

Physiotherapy

Treatment with complex treatment will be faster. Therefore, physiotherapy is also prescribed along with medication:

  • electrophoresis with calcium chloride – strengthens the wall of blood vessels, increases their tone and resistance, relieves swelling, and helps normalize the function of the venous plexuses.
  • phonophoresis - ultrasound accelerates blood circulation, acting on the unblocking of blood vessels. Use strictly in combination with hydrocortisone ointment;
  • acupuncture procedures (acupuncture).

Physical procedures are carried out daily for 10 – 12 days.

Surgery

If vasomotor rhinitis cannot be overcome for a long time, the symptoms of impaired nasal breathing do not stop, the doctor most often decides on surgical intervention.

Methods of surgical treatment for vasomotor rhinitis:

  • Septoplasty – operations to straighten the nasal septum, removal of adenoids and other formations in the nasal cavity,
  • partial excision of the vessels of the mucous membrane of the inferior turbinates (submucosal vasotomy),
  • electroplasma coagulation – destruction of blood vessels using a coagulator;
  • ultrasonic disintegration – destruction of dilated vessels by ultrasound,
  • Laser treatment. Laser therapy belongs to the category of the most effective techniques. This is explained by the fact that it helps improve capillary exchange and permanently eliminate swelling of the nasal mucosa. The undeniable advantage of this treatment method is that the laser locally affects the altered mucous membranes of the nose.

With a timely visit to an otorhinolaryngologist and the appointment of an individually selected and most effective treatment method in this particular case, the prognosis for vasomotor rhinitis is favorable.

Folk remedies

Traditional methods of treatment can also give good results in the treatment of vasomotor rhinitis. But they should be taken only as indicated and in the dosages described in the prescription. This will avoid the development of side effects and serious disorders in the body.

  1. Mint. A tablespoon of herb is poured into half a liter of boiling water and infused for 60 minutes. Strain and drink the infusion four times a day.
  2. The maxillary sinuses can be lubricated with fir or sea buckthorn oil and at the same time massage the bridge of the nose. It is recommended to perform massage about 3-4 times a day.
  3. Buy peppermint oil at the pharmacy and mix it with honey in a 1:2 ratio. The resulting ointment should be lubricated with the nasal passages (simply apply the ointment to the mucous membrane with a finger or a cotton swab).
  4. Treat vasomotor rhinitis with honey. Honey is a natural antiseptic, so drops and a solution for rinsing the nose based on it are an effective treatment for a runny nose. To prepare the solution, take one spoon of honey and dissolve it in a glass of drinking water. The resulting liquid is instilled into the nose or each nasal passage is washed in turn.
  5. Walnut . A 10% ointment based on Vaseline is made from the leaves of the nut. Keeps cold, preferably in the refrigerator. During the day, the nasal mucosa is lubricated three times.
  6. Use Kalanchoe juice instead of nasal sprays and drops. During the day, instill one or two drops 4 to 8 times.

Prevention

For preventive purposes, in order to prevent the appearance of unpleasant symptoms of the disease, it is recommended to perform general strengthening procedures:

  • Treat chronic infections promptly
  • Sleep at least 7 hours a night
  • Walk outdoors more often
  • Perform hardening
  • An important role in prevention is played by timely treatment of the underlying disease, which caused stagnation and swelling of the mucous membrane.

Vasomotor rhinitis is a chronic pathology, so it is impossible to completely get rid of it. But with the help of properly administered therapy and regular preventive examinations, it will be possible to put the disease into long-term remission.

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Source: http://simptomy-i-lechenie.net/vazomotornyi-rinit/

How to cure vasomotor rhinitis: list of medications and recipes

Vasomotor rhinitis is a pathology of the nasal mucosa that has a chronic course. The cause is a violation of the endocrine and neurovegetative function of vascular tone.

The first signs of the disease are sneezing and difficulty breathing. Treatment can be done with medications or surgery. To achieve better results, physiotherapeutic procedures are prescribed.

Causes and symptoms

Vasomotor rhinitis is a disease that is associated with dysregulation of vascular tone in the nose.

Often the cause of vasomotor rhinitis is infection. In half of the cases it goes away on its own, unless complicated by an immune disorder.

Reasons also include:

  • High humidity.
  • Prolonged exposure to cold air.
  • Hormonal imbalances. The risk group includes women during pregnancy and menstruation.
  • Stress. Neuroses, depression and stressful situations are considered one of the main provocateurs of exacerbation of many chronic diseases.
  • Long-term use of medications.
  • Long-term use of nasal drops. The drugs are not suitable for regular use and cause irritation of the nasal mucosa. As a result, side effects and exacerbation of chronic diseases occur.
  • Irritating strong odors, strong gas pollution or dust in the room.

Vasomotor rhinitis may be accompanied by allergies, the symptoms of which are swelling of the nasal mucosa. The disease develops when exposed to an irritant. In this case, treatment is difficult, since an allergy attack can occur regardless of time and last for several weeks. There is a risk of developing asthma.

When exposed to negative factors, there is a disturbance in vascular tone and an increase in blood supply, which leads to swelling and the occurrence of the following symptoms:

  1. Difficulty in nasal breathing to varying degrees. Most often, patients cannot breathe freely at night. This affects the quality of sleep.
  2. Discharge of exudate from the nose.
  3. Loss of smell. The patient can only perceive sharp and strong odors. Most often, there is a complete loss of smell.
  4. Nasality, when a person begins to talk “through the nose.”
  5. Accumulation of mucus in the nasopharynx and throat.
  6. Feeling of pressure in the sinuses.

With the allergic type of vasomotor rhinitis, the main symptoms include itching, burning, increased lacrimation, redness of the eyelids and nose. In some cases, there is an increase in body temperature.

Possible complications

Advanced vasomotor rhinitis can become chronic

Lack of treatment and ignoring the first signs leads to the development of complications. Among them are common infectious diseases. This is due to the fact that when breathing through the nose, cold air passes through the mouth and is not warmed or purified.

Other complications include:

  • Bacterial sinusitis and rhinitis. Impaired functioning of the vascular tone of the nasal mucosa leads to the addition of a bacterial infection.
  • The spread of the inflammatory process to the Eustachian tube, which leads to hearing loss.
  • Formation of polyps. This is the proliferation of cells in the nasal mucosa or paranasal sinuses. The disease develops at the last stage of vasomotor rhinitis and requires surgical removal.

Incorrect or poor-quality treatment can lead to fibrosis of the mucous membrane. This is a condition of the body in which there is a complete cessation of nasal function. Urgent surgical treatment is required, after which the patient must undergo a course of physiotherapeutic procedures. The prognosis in this case is not very favorable.

Drug treatment

When vasomotor type rhinitis is established, several groups of medications are prescribed in the form of tablets and drops.

Drug therapy aimed at eliminating the cause of its occurrence!

The most effective among them are:

  • Coldrex, Theraflu or Rinza. Available in powder or tablet form. They have a vasoconstrictor effect and help relieve swelling and nasal congestion.
  • "Vibrocil." Contains antihistamines. Drops are used both for allergies and for vasomotor rhinitis.
  • "Tafen nasal", "Avamis". Steroids in the form of drops. Help relieve swelling and stop the inflammatory process.
  • "Aqua Maris" and "Humer". Preparations intended for rinsing the nasal cavity. Perfectly removes mucus and relieves swelling, restoring nasal breathing.
  • "Aescusan", "Glivenol". Prescribed to restore blood circulation in the vessels of the nasal cavity.
  • "Sinupret". Homeopathic medicine used to relieve unpleasant symptoms.

Intranasal blockades, which contain anesthetics, may also be prescribed. These are injections that are administered directly into the nasal turbinate.

Drug treatment helps to achieve good results only at the initial stage of pathology development. If there is no effect, surgical treatment is prescribed.

Surgery and physical therapy

The operation is performed to correct congenital structural features of the nasal cavity and dilate blood vessels.

If drug therapy is ineffective, surgical treatment is prescribed

There are several methods of surgical treatment for vasomotor rhinitis:

  • Septoplasty. A method for surgical correction of the nasal septum, removal of polyps, adenoids and other tumors formed in the nasal cavity.
  • Electroplasma coagulation. Prescribed for the destruction of individual vessels. It is carried out using a coagulant.
  • Laser destruction. It is carried out to dilate blood vessels. The procedure is performed using a laser, which completely eliminates injury to adjacent tissues.
  • Ultrasonic destruction. Also used to dilate some blood vessels. Ultrasound is used.
  • Submucosal vasotomy. The method involves partial removal of blood vessels from the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity.

After the operation, swelling of the mucous membrane disappears, and the functionality of the ciliated epithelium and glands is restored. The patient's condition improves, nasal breathing normalizes.

More information about vasomotor rhinitis can be found in the video:

Physiotherapeutic methods are prescribed together with drug treatment or carried out after surgery. When vasomotor rhinitis is established, the following are prescribed:

  1. Electrophoresis. Calcium chloride is used, which helps strengthen blood vessels, increase their tone, and relieve swelling.
  2. Phonophoresis. The most effective method of physiotherapy. The procedure is performed using an ultrasound machine with the addition of hormonal drugs. Normalizes vascular tone and gland function.
  3. Laser therapy. Used for severe swelling of the mucous membrane. This method of influence helps to normalize the tone of the walls of blood vessels.

Physiotherapeutic methods are prescribed only by the attending physician, who determines the duration of treatment. Each method of exposure has a number of contraindications, which are taken into account when prescribing.

Effective folk recipes

We treat vasomotor rhinitis with beetroot juice!

For vasomotor rhinitis, traditional treatment methods can be used. But before using them, you should consult a doctor, as negative reactions may occur.

They should be used with extreme caution in case of allergies. This is due to the fact that some components of the drugs can aggravate the course of the disease.

Traditional medicine recipes help relieve symptoms and alleviate the patient’s condition. The most effective of them include:

  • Mint infusion. It has an anti-inflammatory effect and helps restore nasal breathing. To prepare the tincture, you need to pour a tablespoon of the plant into 500 ml of boiling water. Leave for an hour. Drink half a glass before meals three times a day.
  • Nasal rinse solution made from calendula flowers. The plant is used for many colds, respiratory problems and nasal congestion. To prepare the solution, pour one tablespoon of dried flowers into a glass of hot water and leave for half an hour, strain. Rinse your nose twice a day during an exacerbation.
  • Beetroot juice. It has a vasoconstrictor effect, which helps restore nasal breathing. Dilute beet juice with water 1:1. The product is used as drops twice a day.
  • Hawthorn infusion. Used to strengthen blood vessels. Dry berries need to be poured with a glass of boiling water. Leave for at least 10 hours. Use 3 times a day for a month.

Traditional methods include hardening. Regular procedures will help avoid the development of viral, infectious and colds. Hardening is also recommended by experts. For this purpose, you can regularly make foot and hand baths, gradually reducing the water temperature.

Prevention measures and prognosis

Vasomotor rhinitis can be cured if it is treated correctly!

In order to prevent the development of vasomotor rhinitis, doctors recommend adhering to a number of prevention rules. Preventing diseases will help avoid serious complications.

Preventative measures for rhinitis include:

  1. Correct and timely treatment of various types of runny nose, especially those occurring with flu and colds.
  2. Avoid staying in rooms with toxic substances. They negatively affect the nasal mucosa.
  3. Maintaining a normal level of humidity in the apartment or workplace.
  4. Avoid prolonged use of nasal drops. The course of treatment with these drugs should not exceed more than 5 days.
  5. Rinse your nose after contact with sick people or after visiting public places, especially during colds.
  6. Taking antihistamines in cases of allergies to dust, pollen, animal hair.
  7. Avoiding contact with various irritants and allergens.

Today there are many methods for treating vasomotor rhinitis. Thanks to modern drugs and medical capabilities, patients are able to significantly improve their quality of life and completely cure the disease.

The prognosis for identifying vasomotor type rhinitis is favorable, but it is important to promptly identify the pathology and begin treatment.

Vasomotor rhinitis occurs quite often. This is a chronic disease that in some cases requires surgical treatment, as the cause may be an incorrect location of the nasal septum or polyps. The method of therapy is determined by the attending physician depending on certain structural features of the nasal cavity and the severity of the disease.

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Comments (1)

Pauline

10/25/2017 at 07:44 pm | #

Morenasal spray helped me. Cleanses the nose well and moisturizes the mucous membranes. Plus it’s a very convenient bottle with a dispenser, and it won’t lead to otitis media.

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How to treat vasomotor rhinitis

This type of rhinitis also goes by the following names: non-infectious year-round non-allergic rhinitis, idiopathic runny nose, neurovegetative vasomotor rhinitis.

Why does it appear

The exact cause and mechanism of development of vasomotor rhinitis have not been studied, but doctors have identified several key points in the appearance of this disease:

  1. all patients have vascular disorders of the autonomic nervous system;
  2. the trigger for the development of rhinitis is a previous cold;
  3. A runny nose can be one of the symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia, because with this disease the lower turbinates are filled with blood in the nose.

In the body of a sick person there is no balance between an increase and decrease in the tone of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. As a result, she is unable to adequately respond to physical irritations.

During an attack, the inferior turbinates become inflamed, filled with blood, enlarged and swollen. Therefore, a person is concerned about symptoms such as nasal congestion and difficulty in nasal breathing.

Almost all patients develop a runny nose when exposed to cold air, as well as under the influence of the following reasons:

  • tobacco smoke;
  • ozone;
  • strong aromas;
  • pollutants from polluted urban and industrial air;
  • alcohol consumption;
  • eating hot and spicy foods;
  • provoking factors are nasal injuries and surgical operations;
  • Vasomotor rhinitis in adults and children can be due to gastroesophageal reflux, i.e. heartburn. The refluxed acidic contents from the stomach irritate the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, leading to swelling and inflammation of the mucous membrane of the lower turbinates;
  • Vasomotor rhinitis can appear when using hormonal, antihypertensive drugs, or during the treatment of thyroid diseases.

Signs of the disease

  • Nasal congestion, which is intermittent, appears in the form of attacks. Attacks can be short-lived – 1–3 hours. A characteristic feature is that it alternates between one and the other nostril, which is more pronounced in a lying position and when turning from side to side;
  • Difficulty in nasal breathing;
  • Transparent, abundant liquid discharge from the nose, appears in attacks along with nasal congestion and sneezing, passes quickly and without a trace. They do not leave marks on the scarf after drying, do not go into the phase of thick yellow and purulent snot;
  • Sensation of snot running down the back of the throat.
  • Sometimes complaints of headaches and decreased sense of smell.

With persistent and prolonged attacks, vasomotor rhinitis leads to hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate, which is the cause of constant nasal congestion.

Wikipedia warns that vasomotor rhinitis can worsen the condition of the lungs and be complicated by asthma. Difficulty breathing can cause the lungs to become waterlogged, resulting in worse breathing in rainy and humid weather.

Note!

More often, this disease occurs in women over 20 years of age who suffer from vegetative-vascular dystonia. In addition to a runny nose and stuffiness, they are worried about the following symptoms: low blood pressure, slow heartbeat, blueness of the fingertips, nose, lips, ears, drowsiness, increased fatigue, irritability and headaches.

These people indicate long-term use of vasoconstrictor drops (sometimes daily for more than one year) to relieve nasal congestion, which is an obsessive and painful symptom for them. Over time, there is a need to increase the dosage of the drug, which accelerates the development of hyperplasia of the mucous membrane of the inferior nasal turbinates and their bone walls. Eventually, the lumen of the nasal cavity disappears, and this can no longer be eliminated with vasoconstrictor drops.

It should be noted that such frequent and repeated use of vasoconstrictor drops causes unwanted side effects in people:

  • Intoxication;
  • Rapid pulse;
  • Headache;
  • Insomnia at night and drowsiness during the day;
  • Increased pressure;
  • Angina pectoris.

Diagnostics

To make a diagnosis, the doctor carefully asks when the disease appeared, what symptoms are bothering you, and whether there is a relationship with provoking factors. During rhinoscopy and endoscopy of the nose, the nasal mucosa looks red with a bluish tint, the inferior nasal concha is swollen and thickened, its lumen is narrowed, and liquid and transparent discharge is visible.

When the inferior nasal turbinates are lubricated with adrenaline, the swelling disappears and they return to normal size. If the shells are enlarged due to bone growths, then they will not shrink under the influence of adrenaline.

More often, to make a diagnosis, the doctor simply excludes other possible causes of chronic runny nose and prescribes an x-ray of the paranasal sinuses to rule out sinusitis.

Differences from allergic and infectious rhinitis

With allergic rhinitis, tickling and itching in the nose, sneezing, which appear after contact with an allergen, are disturbing. Skin rashes and conjunctivitis are also signs of allergies.

Vasomotor rhinitis occurs more often in pregnant women, while allergic rhinitis is a disease of childhood and adolescence. When examined with nasal speculum, the mucous membrane of an allergic rhinitis is pale pink.

An infectious (cold) runny nose is one of the symptoms of the disease, therefore, in addition to a runny nose, the patient always experiences pain and discomfort in the throat, fever, and intoxication. 3 stages of a runny nose are clearly visible - the stage of dry nose, copious discharge, thick discharge.

Depending on the virus that caused the disease, symptoms such as cough, swollen lymph nodes, conjunctivitis, and abdominal pain may occur.

Treatment

Because the cause is unknown, the disease is more difficult to treat. The situation is aggravated by common folk methods, which are non-specific, relieve symptoms, but do not cure the disease.

However, thanks to numerous observations and experiments of Russian and foreign clinicians, there is evidence of the proven effectiveness of some drugs.

Hormonal nasal drops

Vasomotor rhinitis is an indication for treatment with glucocorticosteroids. These drops help patients forget about nasal congestion and runny nose for a long time, and refuse treatment with vasoconstrictor drops.

The effect of using hormonal drugs does not become noticeable immediately, but after a few days from the start of treatment. The course of treatment varies; it is recommended to treat a runny nose with glucocorticosteroids for more than a month.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines can successfully treat both allergic and vasomotor rhinitis. You can take antihistamine tablets - Suprastin, Loratadine, or use intranasal sprays - Levocabastine, Allergodil, Zyrtec, but the intranasal spray Azelastine is most preferable.

Ipratropium bromide (Atronase, Nazovent)

An anticholinergic drug used as nasal drops. It reduces the secretion of the mucous glands of the nose, therefore it is used if the main manifestation of the disease is profuse liquid snot. It reduces vascular spasm when inhaling cold air, thereby preventing the development of an attack.

The use of Ipratropium bromide has been shown to reduce the duration of a runny nose and the number of handkerchiefs used.

To avoid the occurrence of undesirable effects - dry nose, bleeding and nasal congestion, the patient must select and regulate the dose of the drug himself.

Capsaicin

This is a biological product created from hot red pepper extract. Its action is to block the pathways that carry physical stimulation in the nose to neurons and from neurons to the brain.

Capsaicin is not a safe drug for pregnant and lactating women, and it should not be used on small children.

Physiotherapy

Not the least place in the treatment of vasomotor rhinitis is occupied by physical procedures that affect the autonomic innervation of the nasal cavity. They improve the condition of the mucous membrane and normalize blood circulation. Physiotherapy is recommended to be prescribed during the interictal period.

  • electrophoresis with calcium chloride, aminocapron and zinc sulfate on the nasal area;
  • ultraphonophoresis with hydrocortisone ointment, splenin;
  • helium-neon laser, which normalizes blood circulation in the nose, especially if used in combination with other treatment methods;
  • acupuncture.

A deviated nasal septum must be treated with surgery; if it is not possible or it does not help, then treatment must begin with nasal glucocorticosteroids, physiotherapy, laser and reflexology.

If the use of nasal drops and physiotherapy does not bring the desired result, and persistent nasal congestion persists, it is necessary to decide on surgical intervention on the inferior turbinates:

  • osteoconchotomy;
  • laser conchotomy;
  • vasotomy;
  • ultrasonic disintegration.

Prevention

Vasomotor rhinitis is not a severe disease; it appears in attacks, and therefore disturbances to normal life are minor. To stop using expensive medications, do not provoke new attacks and follow the following preventive measures:

  1. Limit contact with provoking factors (spicy foods, smoking, alcoholic drinks, strong aromas, do not eat too hot or too cold food, etc.);
  2. If the doctor recommends, then agree to surgery to correct a crooked nasal septum;
  3. It is necessary to treat stomach diseases, especially if they are accompanied by heartburn, nausea and vomiting;
  4. Since the disease is associated with vegetative-vascular disorders, moderate physical activity will be useful: daily sports exercises, walks in the fresh air, swimming, dancing, gymnastics, and team sports. It is useful to do a contrast shower, douse yourself with cold water, go to the sauna and bathhouse.
  5. Avoid prolonged use of vasoconstrictor drops and consult a doctor at the first symptoms of the disease.

Vascular imbalances of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system are a chronic condition, it cannot be cured, but it can be maintained by taking twice a year courses of drugs that improve cerebral circulation and drugs containing vitamin B6 and magnesium.

A positive result is noticeable if you eat regularly and properly, exercise, and follow a treatment regimen and diet. Don't neglect your health, start managing your illness before it starts to manipulate you!

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Vasomotor rhinitis: description, forms, symptoms and effective treatment

Vasomotor rhinitis is a common form of the disease, which is characterized by impaired nasal breathing. The etiology of the disease is quite complex, although many experts consider vasomotor rhinitis to be a false allergic reaction provoked by vegetative-vascular dystonia (VSD).

Difficulty in nasal breathing occurs due to narrowing of the nasal cavity due to edema and swelling of soft tissues.

Difficulty in nasal breathing, caused by vasomotor rhinitis

Vasomotor rhinitis: causes

A long-term study of the disease made it possible to determine its etiology. Among the most common causes of vasomotor rhinitis are:
  • an allergic reaction that occurs due to hormonal imbalance, for example, during pregnancy, taking oral contraceptives, hormonal treatment, and others;
  • stressful situations;
  • allergic rhinitis;
  • abuse of vasoconstrictor drops;
  • the body's sensitivity to sudden changes in temperature (meteosensitivity);
  • vegetative-vascular dystonia.

Other causes can also provoke the disease; it is very important to diagnose the vasomotor form of rhinitis in a timely manner and promptly begin complex therapy for the disease.

Vasomotor rhinitis caused by vegetative-vascular dystonia

Heart nervousness, autonomic dysfunction, panic attack or VSD are a set of symptoms that indicate the cause of a particular disease. Autonomic dysfunction itself is not an independent disease; VSD only provokes certain diseases, including vasomotor rhinitis.

VSD occurs as a result of hormonal imbalances in the body, neurotic disorders, sudden changes in climate or ambient temperature. Quite often, cardiac nervosa is a hereditary disease.

A person with autonomic dysfunction quite often experiences pain in the heart area, headache, surges in blood pressure and body temperature, runny nose, and gastrointestinal disorders. A runny nose with advanced VSD develops into vasomotor rhinitis, so it is extremely important to identify the symptoms of the disease and begin their treatment.

The main manifestation of vegetative-vascular dystonia is anxiety and headache

Forms of vasomotor rhinitis

The disease has the following forms:

Each form of the disease has its own symptoms and requires individual treatment.

Neurovegetative form

This disease is observed in patients with a disease such as dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. Neurovegetative vasomotor rhinitis is directly related to nervous mechanisms, so the slightest disruption of their functioning or irritation causes a runny nose and nasal congestion.

The disease occurs in the form of attacks that have no apparent cause and usually appear in the morning. During attacks, the patient's nasal mucosa swells, and the mucous membrane becomes blue. As soon as the attack passes, the mucous membrane takes on a healthy appearance.

Chronic vasomotor rhinitis

The chronic form of the disease is a consequence of untreated allergic year-round rhinitis. It may be caused by the body becoming accustomed to local (topical) drugs. The disease is characterized by constant nasal congestion, and, as a result, swelling of the mucous membrane.

Vasomotor allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis has two forms: seasonal and year-round. Year-round allergic rhinitis, if left untreated, almost always develops into the chronic form of vasomotor rhinitis.

The seasonal form of the disease occurs at certain periods, usually in autumn or spring, and the causes of its occurrence are allergens such as fungal spores, insect bites, pollen, dust, and pets.

The allergic form of vasomotor rhinitis is most often accompanied by mucosal discharge and sneezing.

Symptoms of the disease, diagnosis of vasomotor rhinitis

The disease is associated with serious dysfunction of the nasal cavity. Depending on the form of the disease, its symptoms can be either mild or severe.

With neurovegetative vasomotor rhinitis, the symptoms are mild and it is much more difficult to treat this form of the disease, since it is provoked by disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system. Allergic rhinitis has pronounced symptoms that make it possible to determine its allergic nature.

The main symptoms of the disease include:

  • nasal congestion, which is most pronounced when the patient takes a lying position;
  • frequent and prolonged sneezing, which appears and disappears suddenly (usually only with direct contact with the allergen);
  • itching of the mucous membrane;
  • copious discharge from the nasal cavity (can be transparent or, if a secondary infection is attached, yellowish-green with a pronounced purulent odor);
  • general weakness, dizziness, aching headache;
  • in case of an allergic reaction, tearing, redness of the eyelids and mucous membranes of the eyes, pain, itching and burning may be observed;
  • functional disorders of the nervous system (in the neurovegetative form), which can be recognized by abnormalities in the functioning of the cardiovascular system, circulatory disorders in the patient’s brain;
  • increased body temperature;
  • sleep disturbance, loss of appetite, memory loss, absent-mindedness, difficulty concentrating;
  • shortness of breath and heavy mouth breathing associated with deterioration of pulmonary ventilation due to difficulty in nasal breathing.

In some cases, vasomotor rhinitis may be accompanied by complications such as nasal polyps, chronic sinusitis, inflammation of the middle ear and acute sinusitis.

Such a complication as polyps requires immediate surgical intervention, since these growths can completely block the nasal passages. Chronic sinusitis is characterized by inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and is characterized by swelling of the face and headache. Inflammation can be relieved by taking antibiotics.

Inflammation of the middle ear or otitis media is accompanied by pain in the ear. Otitis media is treated with antibiotic drugs.

One of the most serious complications of vasomotor rhinitis is otitis media.

The main manifestation of acute sinusitis is the accumulation of mucus in the sinuses, since swelling of the nasal mucosa prevents their ventilation. Acute sinusitis develops after sinusitis and is a more advanced stage of swelling of the mucous membrane. When the paranasal sinuses fill with mucus, pus is formed, causing acute pain in the area of ​​the eyebrows and bridge of the nose. Acute sinusitis requires surgery, in which pus is sucked out of the sinuses.

How to treat vasomotor rhinitis?

Vasomotor rhinitis should be treated without fail, since in the future it can become chronic.

As for the methods of treating the disease, they are quite diverse, ranging from traditional methods to surgical intervention.

Before starting treatment for the disease, you should conduct a full examination of the patient to determine signs of cardiac neurosis, which include:

  • increased sweating;
  • coldness of the tip of the nose;
  • decrease in body temperature;
  • blueness of the fingers, accompanied by coldness4
  • lowering blood pressure;
  • increased fatigue, drowsiness;
  • decrease in heart rate;
  • increased excitability.

If these signs are present, a diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction is made. After establishing the diagnosis, it is necessary to take allergy tests to exclude allergic rhinitis, and also perform rhinoscopy.

With vasomotor rhinitis, examining the patient’s nasal cavity, the doctor observes the following features:

  • cyanosis of the mucous membrane;
  • enlargement of the nasal concha;
  • deviated nasal septum (quite common, but not always);
  • swelling of the mucous membrane.

Examination by an otolaryngologist is an integral part in the diagnosis of vasomotor rhinitis

Features of treatment

Depending on the type of vasomotor rhinitis, treatment is prescribed.

Seasonal allergic form

Each form has its own characteristics, for example, vasomotor rhinitis, which is of an allergic nature, is treated with the use of antihistamines and vasoconstrictor topical inhibitors. For seasonal vasomotor rhinitis, surgery is not required.

It is extremely important to identify the allergen that causes the disease. It is necessary to limit the patient’s contact with household chemicals, avoid alcohol, specific products, etc.

During a cold reaction, the body is hardened: foot baths, contrast showers, hand baths, which develop the body's tolerance to low temperatures.

Treatment of the allergic form of vasomotor rhinitis with nasal sprays

In the medicinal form, which, as a rule, develops as a result of the use of vasoconstrictor drops, these drugs are replaced with nasal hormonal sprays. If medicinal rhinitis occurs as a result of taking certain medications, the attending physician must carry out correction of therapy.

Chronic form

For chronic vasomotor rhinitis, surgical intervention is ineffective. The chronic form is also treated with the use of antihistamines, vasoconstrictor drops and adrenomimetics. In the chronic form of the disease, special importance is given to preventive measures.

In the chronic form of vasomotor rhinitis, nasal blockades are performed using steroid hormones (hydrocortisone). The action of steroid hormones is aimed at relieving swelling of the mucous membrane and restoring nasal breathing.

Drug therapy for vasomotor rhinitis includes:

  • using saline solutions to rinse the nasal cavity and moisturize the mucous membrane;
  • sprays with corticosteroids (long courses are prescribed, at least a month);
  • antihistamines in the form of drops or sprays (local action);
  • if the disease is accompanied by heavy discharge, topical inhibitors containing ipratropium bromide are prescribed.

Long-term use of local vasoconstrictor drugs is not recommended, as they thin the mucosa and can cause the development of serious complications, for example, the flow of the vasomotor form of the disease into atrophic rhinitis.

Prevention of chronic rhinitis

Preventive measures include:

  • avoiding contact with irritants (allergens, alcohol, tobacco smoke, strong odors, etc.);
  • special food;
  • correction of abnormalities of the nasal structure (for example, deviated nasal septum);
  • physical activity (jogging, hardening, walking in the fresh air);
  • treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
  • avoiding the use of vasoconstrictor drugs;
  • Immediately consult a doctor at the first symptoms of the disease.

Neurovegetative form

Prevention of vasomotor rhinitis also involves regular visits to an otolaryngologist.

For vasomotor rhinitis caused by cardiac neurosis, astringents and hyposensitizing agents are prescribed; physical therapy (phonophoresis and electrophoresis of sodium chloride or diphenhydramine) has a good effect. The disease can be eliminated using laser therapy.

Serious cases accompanied by atrophy of the nasal mucosa require surgical intervention. Surgical intervention can be in the form of cryosurgery, cauterization of reflexogenic zones, conchotomy, etc. surgical intervention can permanently relieve the patient of vasomotor rhinitis.

Laser treatment

Laser therapy for rhinitis is aimed at improving the metabolic processes of capillaries located in the nasal mucosa. Laser therapy is not used independently, but only in combination with traditional treatment. Laser treatment can stimulate metabolic processes and also relieve inflammation of the mucous membrane.

To carry out treatment, special devices are used that operate in continuous or pulsed infrared radiation modes. The course of laser therapy lasts from 7 to 10 days. The procedure should be carried out before 12 am once a day. Laser treatment is most effective when combined with laser puncture.

Operation (surgery)

Surgery is the only way to treat the neurovegetative form of vasomotor rhinitis. They also resort to surgery when there is a pathology of the nasal mucosa or the structure of the nasal structures (deviated septum, etc.).

The duration of the operation to eliminate the disease is 15 minutes. Depending on the pain of the procedure, local or general anesthesia is used.

After the operation, the patient must be observed in the hospital for an hour. In particularly difficult cases, it may be necessary to observe the patient in a hospital for 2-3 days. The mucous membrane is fixed with turundas soaked in special antibacterial ointments and compounds that stop bleeding.

Depending on the individual characteristics of the patient’s body, full working capacity returns 3-4 days after the operation.

Treatment of vasomotor rhinitis with folk remedies

Folk remedies can be used to treat only seasonal vasomotor rhinitis, since in the neurovegetative and chronic form, herbal decoctions and lotions are ineffective.

When deciding to treat vasomotor rhinitis with folk remedies, you must be completely sure that none of the components of the decoctions will cause an allergic reaction. To determine the advisability of treatment with traditional methods, you should consult your doctor.

It is forbidden to treat vasomotor rhinitis of allergic origin with folk remedies such as honey or lemon.

Most often, decoctions of rose hips, horsetail, calamus, elecampane, tricolor violet and St. John's wort are used to treat rhinitis of allergic origin. These herbs are usually used in collections.

treatment of vasomotor rhinitis using herbal decoctions

The only medicinal plant that gives a noticeable effect in the treatment of the allergic form of vasomotor rhinitis and can be used independently is chamomile. Chamomile flowers are brewed in boiling water, cooled and filtered. The decoction is taken ½ cup 3 times a day after meals, and the gruel remaining after straining is used as a lotion, which is applied to the bridge of the nose. Lotions can quickly relieve swelling of the mucous membrane and facilitate nasal breathing.

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