Causes of staphylococcus in the nose

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Staph infection in the nose

The most famous parasite living on the mucous membrane is staphylococcus. It is impossible to get rid of it, it is everywhere - on many objects, things, in the air. Of all the pathogens, they distinguish: saprophytic, epidermal, and golden infections.

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As long as the immune system is in excellent shape, carriage of pathogens is not scary for anyone, but when the immune system fails, Staphylococcus aureus often causes an infection.

How can you become infected with staphylococcus?

You can become infected anywhere and at any time. Microbes live for a long period even at low temperatures. The infection is transmitted by contact or through objects and affects adults and children.

  • Food products if sanitary standards in preparation are violated.
  • Through cuts and wounds. Germs can be found on the body of any person, but this does not mean that he is sick. A harmful microbe can live for a long time until a wound appears on the body. Through damage, bacteria are transmitted to the mucous membrane, and then to any organ.
  • Intestines. Microbes also live inside the body for a long time without causing harm to people. Carriage may be permanent or temporary. If intoxication suddenly begins for no apparent reason, you should immediately consult a doctor. The cause may be the revival of staphylococcus.

There are several dozen types of bacteria, but Staphylococcus aureus is dangerous. His favorite habitat is his nose. If assistance is not provided on time, microbes are transmitted to other organs.

Symptoms of the disease and possible complications

Some adults, not to mention children, do not even suspect they are carrying the infection. Staphylococcus epidermidis, for example, belongs to the normal microflora, does virtually no harm and is constantly present on the skin. You can find out about the presence of microbes by taking a smear for bacterial culture from the mucous membrane of the nose and throat.

Other patients may experience all the symptoms of an awakened microbe. They feel an increased temperature, redness of the skin around the nose and intoxication appear. The main sign of germs will be the appearance of a rash and crusts in the nose.

Staphylococcus aureus in the nose can lead to the development of sinusitis, and then additional symptoms will appear: nasal congestion, runny nose, and general malaise. As the disease progresses, the condition worsens, pressing pain appears in the face, eyelids swell, difficulty inhaling air through the nose, and the infection is transmitted to the pharynx.

Carriage of infection is a good period for the activation of chronic diseases. Tonsillitis, rhinitis, and pharyngitis worsen. The rapid development and activity of microbes does not allow the immune system to fully fight the infection and the condition is worsened by the formation of pus in the nasopharynx. It is transmitted through the esophagus to the stomach and provokes gastritis, colitis, inflammation of the bladder and other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Staphylococcus in the nose is very dangerous for infants, because all symptoms are accompanied by poorly healing ulcers and intestinal colic.

Therapy

You won’t be able to completely get rid of this microbe, and there’s no reason to. Only if the presence of bacteria in the mucous membrane causes frequent inflammation, leading to constant infection, treatment becomes mandatory.

Instilling chlorophyllipt into the nose will help get rid of staphylococcus.

For mild cases of the disease, the doctor is limited to treating symptoms. A more complex degree is approached individually, analyzing each case separately. The complexity of therapy is due to the reduced response of immune cells and the resistance of microbes to antibiotics.

Therefore, before starting the procedures, it is worth remembering the following features:

  • resistance to a number of antibiotics;
  • incorrect selection of the drug leads to increased infection;
  • incomplete treatment leads to complications.

An independent approach to choosing therapy can cause harm, worsen the condition and add complications. Before the procedures, it is worth taking a smear of the mucous membrane, determining resistance and selecting medications. Only after a complete examination of the patient can therapy begin. Most often these are antibacterial and sulfonamide drugs that are taken for a long period. The dosage rate and duration of the course are calculated by the attending physician.

Staphylococcus aureus in the nose can be easily removed by long-term instillation of an oil or alcohol solution of chlorophyllipt into the nasal passages. Zelenka will help remove pustules from the skin. In addition, they sanitize the nose with a group of viruses that “eats” the bacteria. Cotton swabs soaked in the solution are placed in the nasal passages for about 15 minutes. It is important to know that when using viruses, you should not use an alcohol solution of chlorophyllipt. It can neutralize the healing power of the drug.

Diagnostics

After a physical examination by a doctor, the final diagnosis is made based on the results of laboratory blood tests and a smear for bacterial culture of the mucous membrane. Modern diagnostics are divided into three types:

  • Microbiological, in which a swab is taken from the throat, nose and examined for the presence of bacteria. To determine the type of infection, a material is used that can color ordinary staphylococcus yellow, and transform golden staphylococcus into cloudy yellow or orange flakes.
  • Serological. Currently, it is almost not used due to the inaccuracy of the result. Knowing that staphylococci are always present in the body, the result of the analysis allows the presence of the microbe to be 10 to 2 degrees. Only this does not apply to Staphylococcus aureus. Its degree of presence in the body is 0, and if it is detected during analysis, treatment must be started immediately. At an early stage, the course of procedures will take about 3 weeks. In the first 7 days, all symptoms will go away, the rest of the time is needed to record the result in order to prevent carriage of the infection. Supportive therapy is needed for weakened immune systems to avoid re-infection.
  • The instrumental method consists of using radiography for complications that arise.

Medication therapy

Drug treatment is the main and most effective. It is based on the use of antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus has high immunity to a number of drugs, so new generation antibacterial drugs are used. These are oxacillin, dicloxacillin, ceftriaxone and others.

In the case of purulent rashes, the same medications are used to treat the affected areas after opening the ulcers. The drugs contain substances that suppress the resistance of microbes. The dose and period of use of the drug are prescribed individually. If you can do without an antibiotic, the doctor recommends taking special viruses that kill bacteria.

Along with medications, immunostimulating therapy is required. Immunostimulants help restore the body's resistance and protective function, and the vitamin complex will help strengthen vitality. In difficult cases, blood transfusion is allowed. During the treatment period, it is important to drink plenty of water to get rid of harmful substances.

Folk remedies

Home therapy for the disease is an effective method. The rich experience of traditional healers has revealed a large number of herbs that relieve illness in difficult situations. There are enough folk recipes, and their use depends on the complexity of the infection and the location of the microorganisms. Staphylococcus in the nasopharynx can be easily cured in the following ways:

  • herbal mixtures of sage, plantain and burdock root are infused and instilled into the nasal passages, rinsed the throat;
  • fresh apricot pulp acts as an antibiotic and should be eaten on an empty stomach twice a day;
  • walnut leaves, wheatgrass root, tricolor violet root are infused for two hours and taken half a glass between meals;
  • black currant strengthens the immune system and enriches the body with vitamins;
  • Chlorophyllipt is used for purulent lesions of the mucous membrane. Chlorophyllipt oil drops are instilled into the sinuses three times a day for 7 days;
  • copper as a natural antiseptic. A large amount of copper is found in spinach, buckwheat, and lettuce. Copper, penetrating into the cell of a pathogenic microorganism, attacks it from the inside and it dies. It is worth monitoring the amount of mineral consumed so that excess amounts do not lead to intoxication. The daily intake rate is 2 mg.

Traditional methods are an effective way, but remember that self-medication is not the best method of therapy.

Local treatment

It is worth taking a comprehensive approach to eliminating the problem and using local therapy. This will speed up your recovery. For processing use:

  • The nasal cavity is washed with a solution of Miramistin or Chlorhexidine, they are strong antiseptics;
  • instillation of Protargol provides an antibacterial effect and is an excellent vasoconstrictor;
  • Erythromycin or Tetracycline ointment is used for pustular lesions of the skin around the nose. In the presence of large suppurations, the doctor raises the question of an autopsy;
  • Bactroban ointment, an immunomodulator drug, is used using tampons.

Local therapy includes treatment of the throat, which helps prevent damage to the tonsils. Absorbable lozenges are used, and the throat is rinsed with furatsilin or soda. Don't forget simple hygiene rules.

Pregnancy and pathogenic microbe

During pregnancy, the expectant mother undergoes many tests, including a smear of the nasal mucosa and throat for the presence of staphylococci. Having identified a pathogenic bacterium, you should sound the alarm, because epidermal and Staphylococcus aureus are equally dangerous for the mother and the future baby. There is a danger of damage to the membranes, and toxins are passed on to the baby.

The medicine is selected carefully, taking into account the interesting situation. Constant treatment of the nose or throat with oil solutions and ointments is required. To prevent the spread of infection, gargling is prescribed. Quartz treatment is widely used and immunization is carried out. After completing the course, the tank is tested again for seeding.

Considering that staphylococcus during pregnancy is a sign of decreased immunity, you should eat well, walk in the fresh air, and take vitamins.

Remember, infection during pregnancy is easier to prevent than to get rid of it.

Staphylococcus in a child

The presence of a microorganism in the nasopharynx of an infant is dangerous and problematic. It is dangerous due to its complications, the possibility of developing rheumatic changes in the area of ​​the heart muscle. If microorganisms are detected in a child, immediately consult a doctor for a prescription. The disease is difficult to treat, so be prepared for a long and difficult process.

To begin with, all family members who are in the child’s company must take a smear test for culture. All medications are taken at the same time. Gentle therapy is prescribed for the child, including antibiotics and folk remedies. Be sure to take vitamin supplements and immune support products at the same time. The course of treatment will take about three months, a week at a time with breaks of 5-6 days. The smear test will be repeated three months after the end of the course of treatment.

Prohibited actions

It is important to know that if the presence of pathogenic microbes is suspected, warming procedures are strictly prohibited. You cannot warm your nose, throat, make compresses or use heat in general. Elevated temperature promotes increased development of bacteria and spread throughout the body.

You should exclude dairy products, honey and juices from your diet. This is a favorable environment for bacteria. You should not use alcohol solutions when sanitizing your nose. Alcohol will increase dry mucous membranes. And bacteria are resistant to it.

After completing a course of antibiotics, take care of the intestines and restore the microflora. By following a number of recommendations, you will prevent the body from weakening and the development of carriers of infectious diseases.

ATTENTION! The information on the site is provided for informational purposes only! No website can solve your problem in absentia. We recommend that you consult your doctor for further advice and treatment.

Source: http://infogorlo.ru/glotka/stafilokokk-v-nosu.html

Staphylococcus in the nose

Nowadays, 27 species of staphylococci have been discovered, 14 of which have been found on human skin and mucous membranes. Only 3 types of these microbes cause disease. The most dangerous is Staphylococcus aureus.

This is a gram-positive bacterium that has a spherical shape and a characteristic golden color. Staphylococcus aureus in the nose is the main cause of chronic rhinitis (runny nose) and sinusitis.

Symptoms

Many people are not even aware that they have a staph infection. The disease is detected by taking a smear from the nasal mucosa. The main criterion for a correct diagnosis is the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in the smear. At the same time, patients' body temperature rises and redness of the skin in the nose area appears. In children, the main symptom of the appearance of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose is the appearance of a rash.

If left untreated, the child may be affected by other systems and organs. There may be a malfunction in the gastrointestinal tract. Unlike an adult, a child is more susceptible to the appearance of inflammatory processes in organs and tissues. Therefore, the disease must be treated. If symptoms of the disease appear, consult a doctor so that he can prescribe the necessary treatment.

Factors contributing to the development of the disease:

  • irresponsible use of antibiotics;
  • hypothermia;
  • long-term use of vasoconstrictor nasal drops;
  • presence of viral etiology;
  • poor level of adaptation of the child to the external environment.

How to treat the disease

How to treat staphylococcus in the nose? The disease should be treated only after detection of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose using a bacteriological method. The resulting smear is sent to the laboratory to ensure that the diagnosis is correct. The collected material must be delivered to the clinical laboratory within 2 hours. If staphylococcus is detected in the smear, the doctor prescribes appropriate treatment.

For treatment, a number of specific circumstances are taken into account:

  1. Staphylococcus is resistant to certain types of antibiotics.
  2. If antibacterial drugs are selected incorrectly, a resistant strain of staphylococcus may appear.
  3. Incorrect treatment leads to various complications (osteomyelitis, intestinal intoxication, endocarditis, meningitis, sepsis).

The most common medicine used for Staphylococcus aureus is a solution of chlorophyllipt. To sanitize the nasal cavity, a 1% alcohol solution of this drug is used.

Apply 4 drops into the nose three times a day; treatment is needed for 7-10 days. For complications, antibiotics are used: ceftriaxone, amoxiclav, ofloxacin, dicloxacillin, vancomycin. Brilliant green is used to eliminate pustular lesions on the skin. To boost immunity, immunomodulators are prescribed. It is not recommended to treat staphylococcal infections at home.

Staphylococcus in pregnant women and newborns

If a pregnant woman is diagnosed with this infectious disease, treatment is carried out only in emergency cases. Antibiotics enter the baby's body through the placenta and have a detrimental effect. Therefore, it is better to prevent this disease.

  1. Carefully monitor the cleanliness of your living space or work area.
  2. Wash your clothes in a timely manner and ventilate your room.
  3. Consult your doctor in a timely manner and take the necessary tests.
  4. Be sure to get examined by a therapist, dentist and otolaryngologist.

To protect your child from staphylococcal infection, you need to maintain hygiene in the baby’s room, regularly ventilate the rooms, keep your hands clean, and take your baby to the doctor in a timely manner. Staphylococcus in a child is very difficult to treat, so treat your baby with care.

If your child develops symptoms of a staphylococcal infection, consult a doctor immediately. Carry out a bacteriological analysis (nasal swab). Do not try to treat yourself! With the correct prescription of medications, you will get rid of this disease in 7-10 days.

Source: http://moylor.ru/nos/stafilokokk/

Causes of staphylococcus in the nose and effective methods of treating the infection

The appearance of rashes in the form of pustules and flaky purulent crusts on the skin of the face and nasal mucosa may indicate infection with staphylococcus.

Action must be taken immediately, as this bacterium is extremely resistant to treatment and can cause great harm to the body. It is especially dangerous for young children and weakened patients, people with defects in the immune system.

Staphylococcus - description and types

Features of the development of staphylococcal infection in the nose

Staphylococci are gram-positive bacteria widely distributed in the environment. This is a heterogeneous species; there are many different types of staphylococci, some of them belong to opportunistic microflora, while others are pathogens dangerous to humans and other mammals.

Staphylococci live everywhere in nature; they are found on any object, in the air and on the skin and human mucous membranes. It turns out that this pathogen is capable of infecting any person; to do this, he only needs to wait for optimally suitable conditions under which the number of pathogenic microflora exceeds the body’s protective barrier. Very often, staphylococcus appears in the nose, the treatment of which must be very quick, since the pathogen can easily spread through the respiratory tract and affect the nasopharynx, throat and “descend” to all internal organs.

Staphylococci constantly live in the nose of every healthy person, but they do not always cause disease.

These pathogens are susceptible to exposure to aqueous solutions of silver salts and liquids containing silver. A special staphylococcal bacteriophage is able to fight this dangerous infection, but there are forms of the pathogen that the most powerful modern antibiotics cannot cope with.

There are several main types of staphylococci:

  • Staphylococcus aureus is the most dangerous, as it can infect any tissue of the body and cause serious diseases, including pneumonia and meningitis. It got its name from its ability to produce a golden pigment. Some forms of the pathogen are especially resistant to antibiotics from the group of penicillins and cephalosporins, so they are very difficult to treat and lead to extremely dangerous diseases.
  • Saprophytic staphylococcus most often causes diseases of the genitourinary organs - cystitis and urethritis.
  • Staphylococcus epidermidis lives on mucous membranes and human skin, causing conjunctivitis, infection of wounds and genitourinary organs, causing blood poisoning and endocarditis. Hemolytic staphylococcus acts in the same way.

It is believed that this pathogen in various forms lives on the skin and mucous membranes of about 70% of the world's population, but it does not cause disease in all cases.

Several reasons must coincide due to which the infection can begin to actively develop:

  • Exceeding the threshold number of bacteria. If something provokes the active growth of infection, it will definitely find a weak spot in the body.
  • Decreased protective functions of the immune system.
  • The presence of an “open gate” for the penetration of bacteria. This could be a tiny scratch, abrasion, a rubbed heel, or a damaged nasal mucosa due to careless blowing of the nose.

Causes

Staphylococcus aureus is the most dangerous type of staphylococcus

Staphylococci begin to attack the body in the following cases:

  1. If the rules of personal hygiene are not followed, most often - the lack of habit of constantly washing your hands, especially before eating, after visiting the toilet or returning from the street. A dirty body is literally teeming with various microorganisms, just a little damage and disease is guaranteed. Money becomes a very common source of infection, because it endlessly passes from hand to hand, “collecting” a huge collection of various pathogens. The use of antibacterial soap is ineffective, since the microflora quickly mutates and easily gets used to the action of the drugs, but washing your hands with a brush to wash away dirt from under your nails, on the contrary, is very useful. It destroys up to 90% of all infections on the hands.
  2. Contact infection with a carrier of staphylococcus. It can occur when shaking hands, using someone else’s personal belongings, equipment, or cosmetics. Very often, infection occurs in medical institutions.
  3. Using antibiotics longer than prescribed or unnecessarily, as well as using antibacterial and vasoconstrictor nasal drops for a long time.
  4. Decreased protective functions of the immune system. It can be caused by various diseases, hypothermia or overheating, getting wet in the rain, severe stress or fatigue, food poisoning and many other factors.

Sometimes the disease is caused by several reasons at once. For example, a person visited the hospital, “picked up” several extra pathogens there, got caught in cold rain on the way, got wet and froze, and when he got home, the first thing he did was not wash his hands, but immediately grabbed a sandwich, rubbed his eyes with a dirty hand, or blew his nose. The result is infection and an extremely unpleasant, difficult to treat and dangerous disease.

Signs

A runny nose, skin rash and fever are signs of a staph infection.

Infection usually manifests itself quite rapidly:

  • Body temperature rises, with massive infection, sometimes to very high levels.
  • The appearance of a runny nose.
  • Swelling of the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx.
  • The appearance of red spots in the affected area.

A pustular rash or profuse purulent discharge with the formation of painful crusts is typical for those cases when staphylococcus is detected in the nose, the treatment of which should be immediate.

If treatment is delayed, the infection can quickly spread through the respiratory tract, causing sore throats, pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia and many other diseases.

Very often, a person, especially a small child, scratches the pustules and wounds that have formed in the nose and on the surrounding skin, spreading the infection throughout the face and body. In such cases, treatment must be comprehensive, since staphylococcal infection, especially in its golden form, is very insidious and resistant to treatment. Advanced diseases of the skin and mucous membranes of the nose can affect the entire body, and for a baby this is deadly.

Diagnostic methods

Culture for staphylococcus

In order to diagnose the disease and accurately identify the existing form of staphylococcus, a skin test is performed and the infection is transferred to a Petri dish to grow a colony.

Culture is also necessary to determine which antibiotics the strain involved is not resistant to. Otherwise, even the massive use of the most modern antibacterial drugs may not give the desired effect.

If the disease has already developed and there are complications or suspicions of their presence, the doctor may prescribe additional tests, for example, x-rays of the maxillary and frontal sinuses, or a thorough examination of the nasal mucosa to identify possible damage.

Drug treatment

Effective treatment for staphylococcal infection in the nose can only be prescribed by a doctor.

When staphylococcus is detected in the nose, treatment is always prescribed individually and carried out comprehensively. Since in each case there is a “personal” set of pathogens, there is no universal treatment.

Without fail, the doctor chooses the antibiotic that is most effective against the identified strain of bacteria, and completely prescribes the use of the drug. It is impossible to deviate from the scheme, since incomplete treatment is ineffective and can make the disease chronic. At the first opportunity, staphylococcus will return and strike in the back with even greater force, since the previously used antibiotic will no longer have an effect on it.

In addition to antibiotics, an anti-staphylococcal bacteriophage is used, which actively destroys the infectious agent.

Since the development of microorganisms is facilitated by a decrease in immunity, it is necessary to use means that increase and strengthen its level. Immunotherapy is carried out using antistaphylococcal toxoid or immunoglobulin. Local therapy of the nasal mucosa and passages by rinsing the nose with a solution of special preparations, for example, Chlorophyllipt.

More information about Staphylococcus aureus can be found in the video:

If ulcers and rashes develop strongly, it is necessary to treat them with drying and anti-inflammatory drugs. If a child is sick, you need to explain to him that the scabs cannot be touched or combed. As a preventative measure, it is necessary to cut his nails very short and sand the sharp edges with a file so that he does not inadvertently pick off the “sore.” If this happens, the wound is treated with brilliant green, and the hands are thoroughly washed with a brush.

To resist the disease, the patient needs high-quality nutrition with a high content of vitamins that strengthen the immune system, especially vitamin C. If there is no allergy, it is good to give tea with honey, citrus fruits, apples and other fresh fruits.

Folk recipes

Treatment of staphylococcus in the nose with traditional methods

To cope with an infection when staphylococcus is in the nose, treatment with folk remedies involves the use of decoctions of strengthening herbs internally, rinsing the nose with disinfectants and the use of natural immunostimulants, such as echinacea and ginseng.

Such a complex effect helps well in the early stages of unadvanced diseases, especially if we are not talking about Staphylococcus aureus. It is also very good to use vitamins of natural origin, for example, rosehip decoction, honey and other healing drugs that nature itself gives us.

To rinse the nose or administer turunda, use a decoction of the string, which copes well with purulent rashes.

It should be noted that treatment with folk remedies should also be comprehensive, that is, include taking drugs internally and external influences. However, in severe cases, it is better not to risk it and use traditional methods to supplement rather than replace the main drug treatment.

Treatment of staphylococcus in children and infants

In young children, staphylococcus in the nose, the treatment of which can only be prescribed by a doctor, is complicated by the choice of drugs, since not all antibiotics are approved for children of a certain age.

In this case, the selection of treatment rests entirely with the medical professional, since parents, wishing only the best for their child, can cause serious harm to his health.

When staphylococcus is localized in a child's nose, the safe plant-based drug Chlorophyllipt can help. The nose is washed with its solution and painful wounds are lubricated. If necessary, the doctor will prescribe other medications. The instructions must be followed accurately and precisely so that the disease does not become chronic or cause complications.

Staphylococcus during pregnancy

Safe treatment for staph infection in the nose during pregnancy

It is most difficult to treat staphylococcus in a pregnant woman, since antibiotics and many other drugs are prohibited due to the risk of harming the unborn child. However, it is impossible to do without treatment, since the woman becomes a source of a dangerous infection that can also affect the fetus.

In this case, the same safe drugs are used for treatment as for small children, for example, Chlorophyllipt. Immunization with staphylococcal toxoid is also carried out so that the infection does not affect the development and health of the unborn child.

The use of a quartz lamp has a good effect - bacteria die from irradiation, and purulent rashes dry out and heal faster.

Only in exceptional cases, when it comes to saving the life of the mother or the child or both, can the doctor decide to use appropriate antibiotics and other drugs.

Possible consequences

If staphylococcal infections are treated incorrectly, dangerous complications can occur.

If staphylococcus in the nose is diagnosed, treatment is carried out, but turns out to be ineffective or is not completed, then the disease can become chronic or cause very dangerous complications. Any form of staphylococcus is dangerous to health, but Staphylococcus aureus can be life-threatening. It can infect the lungs, cause a severe form of pneumonia, and also enter the bloodstream and cause blood poisoning - sepsis. This condition can develop so rapidly that the medications simply do not have time to act and the patient dies.

Crusts in the nose with prolonged healing lead to the formation of scars on the mucous membrane and the formation of strands of connective tissue, which in the future practically guarantees a long course of any cold, especially prolonged runny nose with complications of sinusitis, frontal sinusitis and other painful diseases. In especially severe cases, sensitivity to odors may disappear and the patient either has difficulty distinguishing odors or does not feel them at all.

On the skin, especially around the nose and lips, where staphylococcus from the nasal mucosa most often enters, the disease can also leave very ugly, rough marks.

The spread of staphylococcus throughout the body threatens damage to all organs, including the genitourinary. Such an infection can cause infertility or spontaneous abortion.

Since treatment of any form of staphylococcus, especially aureus, is very difficult, it is much easier to avoid infection than to deal with its consequences. Hygiene and appropriate skills play an important role: regular hand washing, bathing after visiting places that are dangerous for infection, changing clothes when returning from the street. You should not use other people’s things, and if your immune system is weakened due to a cold or any other disease, start taking the necessary medications immediately, combining them with vitamins and substances that support the immune system. It is important not to give staphylococcus a chance to develop.

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Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus

STATISTICAL DATA

In an adult’s nose, or rather on the surface of its mucous membrane, several harmless varieties of this bacterium are constantly present. The type of bacterium that is most dangerous to humans is the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, which, when it comes into contact with the nasal mucosa, begins an active reproduction process, poisoning the body of the infected person with toxins, which leads to the development of numerous inflammatory processes.

Disease statistics:

  • Only 5% of the world's population have such immunity that the nasal mucosa is completely clear of these opportunistic bacteria.
  • The number of permanent carriers of this bacterium is about 20%.
  • 60% of people become carriers of this opportunistic microorganism at least once during their lives.
  • Most carriers of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria are healthcare workers.
  • The nasal form of the disease is diagnosed in 99% of newborns.
  • Staphylococcus aureus has very high resistance to environmental influences. The bacterium does not die under the influence of hydrogen peroxide, but dies under the influence of dyes from the aniline group.
  • The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus provokes the development of more than 100 dangerous human diseases.

CAUSES AND SYMPTOMS

Staphylococcus aureus forms in the nose mainly due to sudden disruptions in the mechanism of the body's defense system.

Factors influencing the development of infection:

  • Severe hypothermia.
  • A difficult period of acclimatization and insufficient adaptation to new conditions.
  • Treatment of simultaneous ongoing infectious diseases with antimicrobial drugs that are in the form of drops.
  • Incorrect selection of antibiotics in the treatment of diseases.

People who often use products that constrict blood vessels in the nose are included in the main risk group for Staphylococcus aureus, and with constant nervous strain, disturbances in the psycho-emotional state and stress, the likelihood of infection is maximum.

Also, the disease can begin to actively develop after a large number of pathogenic bacteria enter the nasal mucosa (through contact with a patient), as well as when using things and hygiene products that are common with an infected person.

Ways of transmission of infection:

  • Airborne.
  • Contact and household.
  • Nutritional.
  • Artificial.
  • Airborne dust.
Symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose most often are a constant runny nose (rhinitis) and difficulty breathing.

Symptoms:

  • Secretion in the form of clear mucus at the beginning of the disease, which becomes thicker as the disease progresses due to impurities of pus.
  • A sudden change in voice - it becomes nasal and hoarse.
  • A sharp jump in body temperature to 38, and sometimes up to 39 degrees.
  • The appearance of ulcers and redness of the skin in the area around the nose.
  • Loss of the ability to smell.

The disease is characterized by constant mouth breathing, which often leads to insomnia and, as a consequence of this condition, to high irritability.

Symptoms in the form of specific diseases:

  • Sinusitis: stuffy nose, severe runny nose, chills, severe toothaches and headaches, swelling of the eyelids.
  • Frontitis: severe weakness and increased fatigue, frequent dizziness, unbearable headaches.
  • Atrophy of the nasal mucosa: a feeling of itching and severe dryness.

DISEASES CAUSED BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS AURUS

After the symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus appear and it spreads throughout the body, the following diseases may occur.

The most common complications include diseases of the nasal cavity, such as rhinitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis and sinusitis.

Other frequently occurring diseases:

  • Laryngitis.
  • Bronchitis.
  • Osteomyelitis.
  • Pneumonia.
  • Pyoderma.
  • Acute food poisoning.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

To cure staphylococcus in the nose, self-diagnosis will not be enough. The first symptoms of the disease are a reason to contact an appropriate specialist. Only laboratory tests can determine with 100% certainty the presence of dangerous Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in the nose in the human body.

Diagnostic methods:

  • Microscopy of a smear taken from the nasal mucosa.
  • Meat peptone broth.
  • Meat peptone agar.
  • Blood agar.
  • Salt agar.
  • BAK-seeding.
  • Antibioticogram.

All of these methods detect the presence of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in the human body, and also help to accurately determine which antibiotics these bacteria are most resistant to.

Antibiotics to which the bacterium is resistant:

  • Teicoplanin.
  • Methicillin.
  • Penicillin.
  • Vancomycin.

Due to the fact that Staphylococcus aureus was previously treated only with penicillin, the bacterium has developed a special enzyme that breaks down antibiotic molecules - penicillinase.

In the nose in adults, staphylococcus is treated mainly with antibiotic drugs after a mandatory antibiogram.

Treatment:

  • rinsing the nasal cavities with antiseptic solutions;
  • erythromycin and tetracycline nasal ointments;
  • nasal instillation with oil solutions;
  • immunomodulatory therapy;
  • surgical opening of abscesses with antiseptic treatment;
  • drops with moderate vasoconstrictor function;
  • antihistamines;
  • complex of minerals and vitamins;
  • antistaphylococcal plasma and immunoglobulin;
  • toxoids.

To treat staphylococcus in the nose in pregnant women (who are contraindicated with antibiotics), an antistaphylococcal bacteriophage is used, which has a wide range of applications (from local to intravenous).

It should be remembered that this bacterium can be fatal to humans, therefore any traditional methods in the treatment of this disease are unacceptable. Lack of timely treatment agreed with a doctor can cause sepsis, coma and death!

PREVENTION AND PROGNOSIS

Is Staphylococcus aureus dangerous? A question to which medicine has long given a positive answer and has developed a whole range of preventive measures, the observance of which will reduce the risk of exposure to this infectious disease to almost zero.

The most important thing is to observe the rules of personal hygiene and timely treatment of any infectious and colds.

Whenever possible, any contact with patients with staphylococcus should be avoided, and medical workers are recommended to undergo mandatory vaccination and strict adherence to the rules when diagnosing and treating infected people.

You should also take antibiotics and antimicrobial agents with extreme caution.

To counter the appearance of any signs of Staphylococcus aureus, it is necessary to constantly strengthen the immune system - vitamin therapy, a healthy lifestyle, and exercise therapy.

If at least one family member has been infected, everyone living with him must undergo mandatory laboratory diagnostics for the presence of the bacterium.

Important preventive measures include eating healthy foods and completely giving up bad habits.

In adults, nasal symptoms disappear within a week after starting treatment. If treatment is accompanied by procedures aimed at strengthening the body's protective function, the disease is completely cured. Relapses are rare. Performance is fully restored.

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Staphylococcus aureus (lat. Staphylococcus aureus) is the most dangerous and pathogenic microorganism among the staphylococcus family, capable of existing in oxygen.

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Causes of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose and its treatment

Staphylococci are a group of bacteria that live everywhere. They show good stability in various environmental conditions: they tolerate freezing, drying, and do not die in the absence of air.

Staphylococcus aureus lives in wildlife, in our homes, in institutions, on our skin, and also on the fur of our pets. It is possible to cure staphylococcus in the nose, but its ubiquity makes the staphylococcal-free period very short.

Among all staphylococci, the golden variant (Staphylococcus aureus) is the most “harmful”. Staphylococcus in the nose - what is it?

Causes of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose

The interaction between the body and the environment at the microbiological level is controlled by our immunity. The immune system reacts to the penetration of certain microbiological threats by launching a complex of protective reactions. In relation to others, he remains passive.

In the first case, they say that the microbes are pathogenic. In the second - opportunistic, i.e. causing diseases only under a combination of certain conditions.

Unfortunately, it is impossible to create completely sterile conditions for a person in ordinary life. We are in constant contact with tens and hundreds of opportunistic bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common among them.

Immunity is individual, determined by genes, lifestyle, “experience of communication” with microbes:

  • In 80% of people, Staphylococcus aureus lives in the nose constantly or occasionally;
  • only 20% have such immunity that does not allow it to settle on the nasal mucosa.

Moreover, 100% of people have staphylococcus on the skin.

Can you get a staph infection?

Staphylococcus in the nose - is it contagious? The question is not entirely correct, because... 8 out of 10 people already have this “infection” in an inactive form, and the remaining 2 people are resistant to it. We get staphylococci in different ways, among which the most common are:

  • Inhalation of air containing dust particles, including house dust;
  • touching, hugging, kissing - bacteria live on the skin of the face and hands;
  • engaging in oral sex (in an active role) – Staphylococcus aureus is very fond of the groin area;
  • eating thermally unprocessed food (boiling destroys staphylococcus).

Thus, getting staphylococcus is not difficult. There is no need to worry about this topic. It is impossible to avoid “infection”. The conditionally pathogenic status of the bacterium makes it a non-dangerous permanent inhabitant of our noses.

Another question is more relevant:

Why does staphylococcus, which constantly or occasionally “resides” in the nose, sometimes suddenly enter the pathogenic phase with the development of a full-fledged infectious process?

There is only one reason - an immunosuppressed state that occurs against the background of a viral infection.

A feature of all viruses, including what are called “colds,” is their ability to suppress the immune system by blocking the production of interferon by immune cells. They do this in order to be able to penetrate healthy cells of the body and start the process of self-replication in them. Bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, take advantage of a depressed state of immunity. They penetrate deeper into the mucous membranes, further along the respiratory tract, and may end up in the middle ear.

In cases where the infectious process is localized in the nose, the following viruses are to blame:

  • All respiratory viruses (ARVI, influenza and others);
  • the herpes virus as one of the most immunosuppressive;
  • immunodeficiency virus.

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What is the normal rate of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose?

The normal content of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose in a bacterial culture: 10*2 degrees; -10*3 degrees; CFU/ml.

Speaking about the norm of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose, it should be understood that its presence in any quantity does not mean anything.

Main symptoms

Purulent inflammation is the main sign of the activity of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose, as well as many other bacteria.

Staphylococcus aureus infection in the nose of a child

Staphylococcus aureus, which lives in the nose, when it becomes pathogenic, causes the following symptoms:

  • High temperature (up to 39 0C and above);
  • runny nose;
  • nasal congestion;
  • purulent mucous discharge from the nose;
  • accumulation of pus in the paranasal sinuses;
  • pain in the frontal and maxillary sinuses;
  • headache;
  • general intoxication.

The infection can spread further - to the mucous membrane of the pharynx, through the Eustachian tube into the middle ear cavity. Purulent processes are localized accordingly.

Staphylococcus aureus infection in the nose in adults

Symptoms of staphylococcus in the nose in adults (in the form of an infectious process) are similar to those observed in children.

In general, the immunity of an adult, subject to a healthy lifestyle and the absence of pathologies, is more perfect and “trained” than that of children. Therefore, even if a staphylococcal infection develops, the general symptoms of intoxication (fever, soreness, weakness) will be less pronounced. In the presence of chronic sinusitis, staphylococcus will cause an exacerbation of the disease.

Diagnostic methods

Staphylococcal infection in its clinical manifestations is similar to other bacterial infections caused by streptococci, pneumococci, Haemophilus influenzae, etc. Ideally, to identify a specific pathogen in each case, a culture of purulent discharge from the nose is sent for analysis. This analysis takes several days.

The problem is that the infectious process does not allow such a long wait. If nothing is done, the infection will develop more strongly, spread to neighboring tissues and organs, and cause complications. Therefore, in most cases, no culture is done, and standard antibacterial treatment is immediately prescribed.

Often, a staphylococcal infection, once it occurs, is not limited exclusively to the nasal cavity. It affects all respiratory tracts, can penetrate the gastrointestinal tract, and spread by blood to all organs, i.e. the process becomes generalized. To identify the spread of the infectious process, a complete physical examination and interview of the patient is carried out, a blood test and other necessary tests are prescribed.

How and with what to treat staphylococcus in the nose?

It should be understood that there is no need to treat Staphylococcus aureus in the nose. Only pathogenic staphylococcus should be treated, which, we recall, is manifested by two obligatory symptoms:

Treatment at home

To treat Staphylococcus aureus in the nose in adults, several groups of drugs are used:

  • Antibiotics;
  • immunostimulants;
  • antihistamines (if necessary).

Antibiotics are traditional medicines in the fight against bacterial infection. They use, first of all, synthetic penicillin with clavulanate (Amoxiclav, Panclave, Flemoclav, etc.). Staphylococci can demonstrate resistance to certain types of antibiotics. If improvement does not occur within 2 days, you need to replace the product with a more effective one. These may be antibiotics from the group of cephalosporins or macrolides.

Medicines that stimulate the immune system for streptococcal infections in the nose:

  • Streptococcal bacteriophage - the drug is instilled into the nose, destroys bacteria;
  • IRS-19 - inhaled into each nasal passage several times a day;
  • complex vitamins are an indispensable element of immunostimulating therapy.

If the immune system is significantly suppressed, complex immunostimulation regimens may be prescribed, including, but not limited to:

  • Immunoregulatory peptides (eg, Taktivin);
  • synthetic immunomodulators (eg, Polyoxidonium);
  • antistaphylococcal immunoglobulin.

Antihistamines (Diazolin, Tavegil, etc.) are traditionally taken to relieve severe swelling of the mucous membrane and other irritation reactions.

Local procedures performed in the following sequence play a significant role in the treatment of staphylococcus in the nose:

  • http://www.pulmonologiya.com/preparaty/bol-v-gorle/hlorgeksidin.htmlInstillation of vasoconstrictor drops;
  • rinsing the nose with salt water;
  • rinsing the nose with Chlorhexidine;
  • instillation of Chlorophyllipt solution.

Chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial antiseptic.

Chlorophyllipt is a product based on eucalyptus leaf extract, active against streptococci. An oil solution of chlorophyllipt is instilled 3-5 drops three times a day for a week.

It is advisable to use antibacterial ointment for staphylococcus in the nose if areas of purulent inflammation are observed in the nasal passages. Use 2% Fusiderm ointment. The cream is applied to the affected areas of the nose visible to the eye three times a day for a week. Only directly on the affected areas: ulcers, ulcers.

Folk remedies for staphylococcus

The use of folk remedies for the treatment of staphylococcus in the nose makes sense solely for the purpose of immunostimulation. Without antibiotic treatment, all folk remedies will be ineffective.

Traditionally, plants with immunostimulating effects include:

  • Echinacea (flowers);
  • rose hips (fruits, flowers);
  • St. John's wort (leaves, flowers);
  • hawthorn (fruits, flowers, roots).

From the raw materials of the listed plants, infusions are made (mono or from several herbs) at the rate of 1 tbsp. l. for 200 ml of water. Take 100 ml orally. 2 times a day.

How to treat in children?

Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose of a child is not fundamentally different from the measures described above. The dosage of drugs should be reduced according to the age (weight) of the child.

Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose in children is not advisable in the absence of an infectious process (i.e. only with carriage).

Features of treatment during pregnancy

Antibiotics are undesirable drugs during pregnancy. However, if a woman develops Staphylococcus aureus in the nose during pregnancy (in the form of an infectious process), then they should be used. Otherwise, bacteria will actively multiply and be able to penetrate the blood and cause dangerous complications.

Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection in pregnant women involves standard procedures and measures aimed at eliminating the infection and increasing the body's protective functions.

What should you avoid?

  1. Warm the nose area

If you have a runny nose or purulent discharge from the nose, you should not warm the bridge of your nose, forehead and cheeks (supramaxillary region). Moreover, if there is pain in the mentioned localizations.

You should avoid not only local overheating, but also general overheating: you should not take a hot shower or bath, or visit steam rooms or saunas.

Just like overheating, hypothermia is also harmful. If heating stimulates the accelerated proliferation of bacteria, then hypothermia, both general and of individual parts of the body (for example, legs, head), leads to a weakening of the immune system and, consequently, to a decrease in the body’s resistance to the further spread of bacteria.

Prevention of staphylococcal infection

Since in most cases the transition of staphylococcus from an opportunistic to a pathogenic state is associated with a depressed state of immunity, the following is of fundamental importance in prevention:

  • Healthy lifestyle;
  • proper nutrition, including year-round consumption of vegetables and fruits;
  • mandatory treatment of respiratory diseases with antiviral drugs;
  • preventive use of immunostimulating drugs during seasonal increases in viral infections;
  • mandatory treatment of “colds on the lips” (this is a serious disease that leads to the development of a specific immunodeficiency);
  • vitamin support – 2 courses per year.

It would be useful to follow basic hygiene rules:

  • Frequent hand washing with soap;
  • processing raw foods that are not heated before consumption in soapy water;
  • maintaining cleanliness and order in the living space - periodic ventilation, wet cleaning.

Conclusion

Staphylococcus aureus lives in the nose of most people.

In the usual sense of the word, staphylococcus in the nose is not contagious, i.e. we do not get sick when we come into contact with someone who has a staphylococcal infection.

The transition of this bacterium to the pathogenic phase is associated with a deterioration in the immune system and usually occurs against the background of a viral respiratory disease.

Once started, a staphylococcal infection tends to quickly progress and spread from the nasal cavity to the sinuses, pharynx, middle ear, etc. Staphylococcus aureus can infect any organ.

Treatment for Staphylococcus aureus infection in the nose is antibacterial and immunomodulatory.

Take care of your health, treat colds in a timely manner, and Staphylococcus aureus that lives in your nose will never cause you problems.

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