Causes of allergic rhinitis in adults

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Allergic rhinitis - symptoms and treatment regimen

Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa, which occurs as a result of exposure to various allergic irritants, and in this case, allergens.

Table of contents:

Simply put, allergic rhinitis is a runny nose caused by an allergic reaction. Under the influence of allergens, inflammation begins in the nasal mucosa, which leads to illness. Statistics show that rhinitis, like allergic cough, is one of the most common complaints among patients turning to allergists.

This disease occurs most often in preschool children, when the child begins to encounter substances that can cause allergies. However, cases of allergic rhinitis in adults are not uncommon - the symptoms and treatment of which we will discuss in this article.

Forms

Depending on the severity of allergic manifestations, rhinitis is distinguished:

  • mild - the symptoms are not very disturbing (may manifest as 1-2 signs), do not affect the general condition;
  • moderate - symptoms are more pronounced, there is sleep disturbance and a slight decrease in activity during the day;
  • severe - painful symptoms, disturbed sleep, significant decrease in performance, the child’s performance at school worsens.

Based on the frequency and duration of manifestations, they are distinguished:

  • periodic (for example, in the spring during the flowering of trees);
  • chronic - throughout the year, when allergies are associated with the constant presence of allergens
  • environment (for example, dust mite allergy).
  • intermittent - acute episodes of the disease last no more than 4 days. per week, less than 1 month.

With periodic rhinitis, symptoms last no more than four weeks. Chronic rhinitis lasts longer than 4 weeks. This disease not only causes great discomfort in everyday life, but can also lead to the development of asthma. Therefore, if you notice rhinitis of an allergic nature in yourself or your child, you should start treatment as quickly as possible.

Causes

Why does allergic rhinitis occur and what is it? Symptoms of the disease appear when the allergen gets into the eyes and nasal passages of a person who is hypersensitive to certain substances and products.

The most popular allergens that can cause allergic rhinitis are:

  • dust, and it can be both library and household;
  • plant pollen: small and light particles carried by the wind, falling on the nasal mucosa, form a reaction leading to a disease such as rhinitis.
  • dust mites and pets;
  • a certain food product.
  • fungal spores.

Persistent allergic rhinitis, which lasts throughout the year, is caused by house dust mites, pets and molds.

Symptoms of allergic rhinitis

If the symptoms of allergic rhinitis in adults do not reduce performance or interfere with sleep, this indicates mild severity; moderate severity is indicated by a moderate decrease in daytime activity and sleep. In the case of severe symptoms in which the patient cannot work, study, engage in leisure activities during the day and sleep at night, a severe degree of rhinitis is diagnosed.

Allergic rhinitis is characterized by the following main symptoms:

  • watery nasal discharge;
  • itching and burning in the nose;
  • sneezing, often paroxysmal;
  • nasal congestion;
  • snoring and snoring;
  • voice change;
  • desire to scratch the tip of the nose;
  • deterioration of smell.

With prolonged allergic rhinitis, due to constant copious secretion from the nose and impaired patency and drainage of the paranasal sinuses of the auditory tubes, additional symptoms arise:

  • irritation of the skin at the wings of the nose and above the lips, accompanied by redness and swelling;
  • nosebleeds;
  • hearing impairment;
  • ear pain;
  • coughing;
  • a sore throat.

In addition to local symptoms, general nonspecific symptoms are also observed. This:

  • disturbances in concentration;
  • headache;
  • malaise and weakness;
  • irritability;
  • headache;
  • bad dream.

If allergic rhinitis is not treated in time, other allergic diseases may develop - first conjunctivitis (of allergic origin), then bronchial asthma. To prevent this from happening, you need to start adequate therapy on time.

Diagnostics

To make a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, you will need to:

  • clinical blood test for the level of eosinophils, plasma and mast cells, leukocytes, total and specific IgE antibodies;
  • instrumental techniques – rhinoscopy, endoscopy, computed tomography, rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry;
  • skin testing to identify causative allergens, which helps to accurately determine the nature of allergic rhinitis;
  • cytological and histological examination of nasal secretions.

The most important thing in treatment is to identify the cause of the allergy and avoid contact with the allergen if possible.

What to do for year-round allergic rhinitis

A year-round runny nose caused by an allergic reaction occurs throughout the year. A similar diagnosis is usually given to a person if exacerbations of the runny nose occur at least twice a day for nine months per year.

In this case, you should adhere to certain recommendations:

  • Avoid rinsing your nose yourself.
  • knock out blankets and pillows.
  • Do not use drops for runny nose.
  • clear your nose of mucus.
  • no smoking.
  • carry out wet cleaning of the apartment weekly.
  • use bedding made from synthetic fibers.
  • ventilate the bed well.
  • get rid of things that are the main sources of house dust.

The development of this disease is most often based on a high concentration of an allergen that has been affecting the human body for a long time.

Treatments for allergic rhinitis

Based on the mechanisms of development of allergic rhinitis, treatment of adult patients should be directed to:
  • eliminating or reducing contact with causally significant allergens;
  • elimination of symptoms of allergic rhinitis (pharmacotherapy);
  • conducting allergen-specific immunotherapy;
  • use of educational programs for patients.

The primary task is to eliminate contact with the identified allergen. Without this, any treatment will bring only temporary, rather weak relief.

Antihistamines

Almost always, to treat allergic rhinitis in adults or children, you need to take antihistamines orally. It is recommended to use medications of the second (Zodak, Cetrin, Claritin) and third (Zyrtec, Erius, Telfast) generations.

The duration of therapy is determined by a specialist, but is rarely less than 2 weeks. These allergy pills have virtually no hypnotic effect, have a prolonged effect and effectively relieve the symptoms of allergic rhinitis within 20 minutes after administration.

Those suffering from allergic rhinitis are advised to take Cetrin or Loratadine orally, 1 tablet each. in a day. Cetrin, Parlazin, Zodak can be taken by children over 2 years old in syrup. The most powerful antihistamine today is Erius, the active ingredient is Desloratadine, which is contraindicated during pregnancy, and can be taken in syrup for children over 1 year of age.

Nasal rinsing

In the case of seasonal allergic rhinitis, treatment should be supplemented with nasal rinsing. For these purposes, it is very convenient to use the inexpensive Dolphin device. In addition, you don’t have to buy special bags of rinsing solution, but prepare it yourself - ¼ teaspoon of salt per glass of water, as well as ¼ teaspoon of soda, a few drops of iodine.

The nose is often washed with seawater sprays - Allergol, Aqua Maris, Quix, Aqualor, Atrivin-More, Dolphin, Goodvada, Physiomer, Marimer. Sea water, by the way, is great for helping with a runny nose.

Vasoconstrictor drops

They have only a symptomatic effect, reducing swelling of the mucous membrane and vascular reaction. The effect develops quickly, but is short-lived. Treatment of allergic rhinitis in children is recommended without vasoconstrictor local agents. Even a small overdose can cause the baby to stop breathing.

Mast cell membrane stabilizers

Allows you to relieve inflammation in the nasal cavity. Sprays that have a local effect are often used.

These include cromones - Kromohexal, Kromosol, Kromoglin. These drugs also prevent the body from developing an immediate reaction to the allergen and are therefore often used as a prophylactic agent.

Desensitization

A method consisting of the gradual introduction of an allergen (for example, grass pollen extract) in increasing doses under the skin of the patient's shoulder. Initially, injections are given at weekly intervals, and then every 6 weeks for 3 years.

As a result, the patient's immune system no longer reacts to this allergen. Desensitization is especially effective if a person is allergic to only one allergen. Check with your doctor to see if it is possible to desensitize your immune system to the allergen.

Enterosorbents

Also, for allergic rhinitis, treatment with enterosorbents has a positive effect - Polyphepan, Polysorb, Enterosgel, Filtrum STI (instructions) are products that help remove waste, toxins, and allergens from the body, which can be used in the complex treatment of allergic manifestations.

It should be remembered that their use should be no more than 2 weeks, and should be taken separately from other medications and vitamins, since their effect and absorption are reduced.

Hormonal drugs

The disease is treated with hormonal drugs only if there is no effect from antihistamines and anti-inflammatory therapy. Medicines with hormones are not used for a long time, and only a doctor should select them for his patient.

Forecast

The prognosis for life is, of course, favorable. But if there is no normal and correct treatment, the disease will certainly progress and develop further, which can be expressed in an increase in the severity of signs of the disease (skin irritations appear under the nose and in the area of ​​the wings of the nose, sore throat, coughing, odor recognition deteriorates, nosebleeds, severe headaches) and in expanding the list of causally significant allergen irritants.

Good to know:

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10 comments

I have allergic rhinitis, I’ve tried a lot of remedies - tablets, drops of all sorts, nothing helps. And if it helps, then you need to drip almost every 20 minutes, the addiction is terrible.

I myself am already tired of treating allergies, the pills don’t help right away and you don’t feel very good, you constantly want to sleep and feel weak. This year my doctor recommended me Allergodil nasal spray. Firstly, it helped in ten minutes the nose could breathe) and secondly, it works from morning to evening, and long-term use is also possible (up to 6 months). And for me this is just a plus; I spray it all spring and summer.

I understand you very well, I myself am allergic and suffer, especially from birch blossoms in the spring. I tried a lot of different remedies and took pills, but settled on a spray called Allergodil, which helps cope with swelling and runny nose, in general, with all the “delights” of allergies. I smell it and after about 15 minutes my nose begins to breathe. And the morning “zilch” is enough for the whole day.

I suffer from fluff. As soon as it starts flying, everything is a stream of snot. Fortunately, the doctor recommended morenasal spray. It cleanses the mucous membrane well and flushes out allergens. Now the reaction to fluff is not so strong.

The pharmacy recommended a spray for allergic rhinitis called Allergodil. This is an antihistamine spray that works within 15 minutes, my nose breathes freely, my runny nose doesn’t bother me, I enjoy spring and summer with pleasure. The most important thing is that one application lasts for 12 hours!

But I also prefer using nasal sprays, since the pills make me sleepy and don’t work right away...

I discovered allergic rhinitis 35 years ago, I think I cured it, but it took years of annual treatment, histoglobulin, 3 years of seasonal acupuncture, day therapy, it seems to have cured it. Now sometimes there is not much nasal congestion, but they say I snore, I think it’s because of nasal congestion.

Previously, I was constantly bothered by a long runny nose. In the spring it became really bad, I went to the otolaryngologist and it turned out that I had allergic rhinitis (( He prescribed AquaMaster rinsing and antihistamines. This complex helped eliminate allergies, I was able to calmly be on the street and breathe freely through my nose. I still use AquaMaster for preventive purposes from flu and colds.

AquaMaster is also in our first aid kit now, I use it to rinse my child’s nose. Works effectively, irrigates the entire nasal mucosa well. My husband simply used this spray when he had a runny nose, he said he coped well with congestion, and using it made breathing easier.

I have Morenasal spray in my medicine cabinet for such cases. It cleanses the mucous membrane well of allergens and immediately makes breathing easier. In addition, I noticed that an allergic reaction occurs less often with it. And the convenient bottle lasts a long time.

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Source: http://simptomy-lechenie.net/allergicheskij-rinit/

Allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis or allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity that occurs when allergens enter the human body when exhaled through the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity. The allergen is plant pollen, house dust, found in large quantities in carpets, books and other places. This disease is one of the most common in the world; for example, in Russia, according to statistics, from 11 to 24% of the population suffers from rhinitis of allergic origin.

The main factors that cause allergic rhinitis are allergens contained in the air. They are usually divided into three groups:

  • aeroallergens of the external environment - plant pollen;
  • aeroallergens of homes - mites contained in house dust or animal hair, insects, mold and yeast allergens, some house plants and food products;
  • occupational allergens.

Triggering points can be: spicy food, stressful situations, hypothermia, emotional overload. Often the cause may be a genetic predisposition.

According to its form, allergic rhinitis is divided into three classes:

  • seasonal (intermittent) allergic rhinitis - an allergy to the appearance of pollen from flowering plants and trees in the air. Since pollen can be spread by wind over very long distances, it is impossible to completely avoid contact with it, there are chances to reduce the danger.
  • year-round (persistent) allergic rhinitis – can appear all year round. The cause is house dust, or rather, microscopic mites living in dust or the hair of some animals. Manifestations of year-round allergic rhinitis are usually somewhat weaker than seasonal ones.
  • occupational rhinitis due to allergic irritants - occurs in people while working in certain conditions, perhaps also from dust, but the exact nature of its occurrence has not been studied.

According to clinical manifestations there are:

  • mild form, which is insignificant and the patient can do without treatment;
  • moderate severity - in this case, the symptoms of allergic rhinitis can significantly worsen the quality of life and interfere with the patient;
  • severe form - the patient is in serious condition, cannot live normally and fully work or study, the disease disrupts sleep.

Symptoms of allergic rhinitis

First of all, speaking about the symptoms of allergic rhinitis, we must list the signs that cannot be ignored and you need to consult a doctor:

  • itching in the nose that often occurs during the day;
  • sneezing, often paroxysmal;
  • nasal congestion, runny nose, worse at night;
  • watery discharge from the nose, in case of infection, it can take on a mucopurulent character;
  • swelling of the nasopharynx, loss of smell;
  • paroxysmal cough and sore throat;
  • redness of the eyes and suppuration, sometimes circles or swelling appear under the eyes.

Taking antihistamines usually alleviates the patient's condition.

These symptoms of allergic rhinitis are not unique to this disease. All rhinitis has similar symptoms, each of which requires specific treatment, and therefore it is advisable to carry out an accurate diagnosis by an allergist.

Diagnosis of allergic rhinitis

To confirm the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, it is necessary to analyze a nasal smear for eosinophils. The presence of eosinophils in a smear of more than 5% of all detected cells indicates an allergic cause of nasal congestion.

In the future, to clarify the diagnosis, it is necessary to identify the substance that causes symptoms and is the cause of allergic rhinitis - a causally significant allergen.

Diagnosis of allergic rhinitis has two types: skin testing and a special blood test.

Setting up skin tests. A prerequisite is that you stop taking any antihistamines 5 days in advance and the patient’s age is from 4 to 50 years. Several small incisions are made on the forearm, into which 1-2 drops of a specific allergen are dripped. After some time (15-30 minutes), the bubble that appears is examined and measured. Skin testing is one of the reliable, common and economical types of allergy diagnosis. The test is not performed on pregnant or breastfeeding women.

A general blood test for specific IgE-specific immunoglobulins. The level of total IgE at birth is about zero and gradually increases as people grow older. In an adult, a reading above 100-150 U/L is considered elevated. The method is not particularly widespread due to the high cost of the study; the cost of an allergen panel reaches 16 thousand rubles. Another disadvantage is unreliability, often producing false positive results.

With those allergens that give a positive skin reaction, an additional intranasal provocation test is performed. This diagnosis of allergic rhinitis involves provoking the body to react. To do this, inject 2-3 drops of distilled water into one nostril, then gradually increase the concentration of the tested allergen: 1:100, 1:10 and a whole solution. If a reaction appears within minutes - congestion, sneezing, burning, runny nose, the test is considered positive.

It is possible to conduct research using radioallergosorbent, radioimmune, immunoenzyme or chemiluminescent methods, however, due to the high cost, these methods are not widely used.

Treatment of allergic rhinitis

Treatment consists of relieving allergic inflammation of the mucous membranes and conducting allergen-specific therapy.

For mild and moderate forms of allergic rhinitis, antihistamine therapy is used, preferably second-generation (Claritin, Cetrin, Zodak) or third-generation (Zyrtec, Telfast, Erius) drugs. Prescribed orally 1 time per day in accordance with recommended age dosages. Duration of treatment is at least 2 weeks.

If treatment of allergic rhinitis does not give the desired effect, sodium cromoglycate derivatives (Cromohexal, Cromoglin, Cromosol) are prescribed. The drugs are available in the form of sprays; a noticeable effect is noticeable no earlier than after 5-10 days.

Patients who have contraindications to these medications are prescribed allergen-specific immunotherapy. Treatment is carried out by an allergist in a hospital setting. The point of treatment is to administer small doses of the allergen, which are gradually increased, thereby achieving the development of tolerance of the body to the allergen. At the same time, they try to alleviate the symptoms of allergic rhinitis.

Those suffering from allergic rhinitis should know that treatment is necessary, even in mild cases, otherwise the disease may take on new, more severe forms, such as, for example, bronchial asthma.

The doctor advised me to drink immunomodulators and at the same time spray my nose with Aquamaster, after about a month all the symptoms subsided. So if anyone is worried, you can take note. But in general, of course, it’s better not to self-medicate

The nose is stuffy, that’s okay, you can drop a vasoconstrictor, although for me personally they only help for half an hour with allergic rhinitis. But I also have severe itching, I can start sneezing and sneezing ten times in a row, and then you realize that you are just like a hostage to allergies, completely helpless. And if you start sneezing while driving, it’s really scary, because you don’t control the situation at all, and your eyes also reflexively close when you sneeze. For a long time I tried different remedies, and so far I only like the nasal spray, Allergodil, it is not hormonal and immediately relieves the itching well, you can calmly go outside after 15 minutes.

I have allergic rhinitis, I kind of need to get used to it, but I can’t when my nose is stuffy. Therefore, if my nose is stuffy, I immediately use Xylene spray. This drug comes in the form of drops and a spray, but I take the spray because it is better for me to use. It costs around 70 rubles and relieves congestion for a long time.

Marina, how much do these drops cost? And how often should they be used?

I am allergic myself and have already tried a bunch of different drops and sprays. Recently, at a pharmacy they advised me to buy morenasal, so I decided to buy it and try it, especially since it costs a penny. I was very pleased. It removes nasal congestion well and moisturizes the mucous membrane. I spray it twice a day, and everything is great.

I like the spray better. I use morenasal. It uses calcined salt diluted with special water, which is more effective than just sea water. And by the way, it’s inexpensive.

I tried many options and found it! On doctor's advice. The most effective, simply monstrously effective way to quickly get rid of allergic rhinitis is: Buy one ampoule of DEXAMETHASONE and any nasal drops at the pharmacy. Pour the contents of the ampoule into nasal drops and shake well. Apply nasal drops as needed. The result is noticeable immediately. It’s easier to breathe, there are no snot and tears.

Anita: I once bought it to replace suprastin, which was out of stock at the pharmacy, and have been saving myself ever since.

Tatyana: I drank Valz and Diuver in the morning and Verapamil at lunch, and I developed constant pain in my heart and...

Vera: don’t be fooled by good reviews, it’s a tempting trick

Victor: I tried it twice (in the summer of 2017 and now) and both times there were strong side effects - tachycardia.

All materials presented on the site are for reference and informational purposes only and cannot be considered a treatment method prescribed by a doctor or sufficient advice.

The site administration and the authors of the articles are not responsible for any losses and consequences that may arise when using the site materials.

Source: http://medside.ru/allergicheskiy-rinit

Allergic rhinitis: symptoms and treatment

What is allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis is an immune disease: when interacting with an allergen, the body begins to release an active form of histamine, which changes the functioning of many organs and systems. This substance affects blood vessels, narrowing large ones and expanding small ones, and increases the permeability of the capillary network. As a result, the nasal mucosa swells, the skin turns red, blood pressure decreases, headaches, snot, sneezing and coughing appear.

Allergic rhinitis is not a life-threatening disease, but lack of treatment will lead to its progression and expansion of the spectrum of allergens. Proper selection of medications helps to completely eliminate symptoms for a certain period of time. For a longer remission, it is necessary to exclude interaction with the allergen, following the rules of prevention.

ICD-10 code

Causes of allergic rhinitis

Common reasons leading to the occurrence of this pathology include:

  • hereditary factor;
  • increased permeability of the nasal mucosa;
  • antibiotic abuse;
  • low blood pressure;
  • frequent acute respiratory infections;
  • prolonged contact with allergens.

If we consider two options (seasonal and year-round rhinitis), we can highlight features characteristic of each of them.

Seasonal rhinitis

The cause of seasonal rhinitis is plant pollen or fungal spores. This form of the disease will always occur in the warm season. The peak incidence occurs in the second half of spring (April, May), when trees begin to bloom.

In June and July there is already a second wave, this time due to the flowering of cereal plants (fescue, timothy). Well, in August, with the beginning of September, the third (last) wave of morbidity due to dust begins, this time from weeds.

Allergic rhinitis in most cases is caused by wild plants.

Year-round rhinitis

The year-round form of the disease is often associated with a reaction to house dust. This concept brings together a whole group of factors. This can be either book dust, fluff and feathers (from pillows and blankets), or allergens abundantly released by dust mites.

  • cosmetical tools;
  • household chemicals;
  • medicines;
  • mold.

Occupational allergic rhinitis

In a special way, one can distinguish such a form as allergic occupational rhinitis. How is it different from the rest? This type of rhinitis usually develops in those people whose work activity is closely related to allergens such as various medications, fluff and feathers, flour, and the like.

The disease usually does not develop immediately, but gradually. This is due to the fact that the concentration of the allergen in the body increases slowly. Symptoms will appear when it is already high.

Allergic rhinitis in children

A reaction to external allergens occurs in children even in infancy. In addition to grass and tree pollen, the disease can be triggered by:

  • domestic and wild animals;
  • dust mites;
  • fungus;
  • house dust;
  • toys, bedding;
  • food allergens in children under one year of age.

Indirectly contribute to the development of allergies in children:

  • metabolic disorders;
  • immaturity of the nervous and endocrine systems;
  • pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, liver;
  • diseases, pathologies of nasopharynx development;
  • blood diseases, arterial hypotension;
  • burdened heredity;
  • forced long contact with allergens;
  • frequent colds;
  • use of antibiotics without indications.

Seasonal runny nose clearly correlates with the appearance of the allergen and the time of year. For example, during the flowering period of certain plants, a child suffers from severe nasal congestion, itching in the nose, ear, eyes, and the skin of the face may itch. The child sneezes, his eyes water, and his appetite disappears, because with a stuffy nose he cannot taste. After stopping contact with the allergen, the symptoms disappear.

Year-round rhinitis causes more trouble for parents: the symptoms, to a greater or lesser extent, do not allow them to forget about themselves throughout the year. The child feels constant swelling of the mucous membrane and nasal congestion, sleeps and eats poorly. The hypertrophied mucosa becomes thinner, and nosebleeds appear.

Due to a stuffy nose, children breathe through their mouths, which in turn leads to complications:

The child’s heart rate increases due to lack of oxygen in organs and tissues, and the following symptoms appear:

Such children quickly get tired and absent-minded.

Allergic rhinitis in adults

Adolescents and young adults are most susceptible to the adverse effects of allergens. For adults, the following are added to the “children’s” allergens:

The development of the disease in adults can be divided into 3 stages:

Classification of allergic rhinitis

Depending on the severity of the current

By frequency and duration of manifestations

Chronic allergic rhinitis often changes the severity of symptoms, but this does not mean relief from sensitization of the body.

Symptoms of allergic rhinitis

Symptoms of the disease may vary depending on the causes of its occurrence.

Early symptoms

Early phase symptoms appear within minutes of exposure to allergens:

Late symptoms

Late phase symptoms appear within 4-8 hours:

If allergies are severe, dark circles under the eyes may develop. The lower eyelid may be swollen.

Differences between allergic rhinitis and the common cold

The difference between a common runny nose and an allergic one is as follows:

One of the confirming factors of the allergic nature of the runny nose is the positive dynamics in response to antiallergic therapy. In cases with a common runny nose, there will also be changes, but not as obvious.

Diagnosis of allergic rhinitis

The diagnosis is made based on examination of the patient, collection of characteristic complaints, clinical blood test data, immunological data, and specific allergy tests.

In a general blood test, an excess of the normal number of eosinophils plays a role.

The most informative and simple analysis is skin allergen testing, the procedure for which is simple: 1-2 drops of the test allergen are applied to specially applied incisions on the skin of the forearm, and after half an hour the reaction is assessed. Based on the resulting hyperemia, reaction area and other manifestations, a conclusion is drawn about the effect of the substance on humans.

Thus, the allergenic substance for a given person is determined. The analysis is inexpensive, carried out quickly and has virtually no contraindications. A necessary requirement is to stop taking antihistamines several days before the test. Also, the study is not recommended for pregnant women and people after reaching the age of fifty.

Immunological analysis is based on the determination of immunoglobulins (specific proteins), which are secreted in large quantities by the body to a specific allergenic substance. By the amount of Ig (E) the allergen itself can be identified. The disadvantage of immunological analysis is its high cost.

Among the additional methods, rhinomanometry is sometimes used - a study by which one can judge the patency of the nasal passages, radiography of the sinuses, bacteriological smear of the nasal mucosa, to establish pathogenic microflora.

Treatment of allergic rhinitis

Therapy for the identified disease depends on its severity, clinical picture and age of the patient. In most cases, the disease cannot be completely cured, so all prescribed medications are used to alleviate all symptoms and to prevent possible complications.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines in tablets are most often prescribed during an exacerbation of year-round rhinitis, and in case of seasonal runny nose, it is more effective to take them in advance, which reduces the severity of the disease or does not allow symptoms to develop at all. For long-term use, the latest generation of anti-allergy drugs are chosen, which do not cause serious adverse reactions or addiction.

Vasoconstrictor drops

Necessary for severe swelling and congestion of the nasal passages. Their use makes breathing easier and significantly reduces the volume of mucous discharge from the nose. The use of vasoconstrictor drops must be approached with extreme caution - increasing the dosage and days of use leads to rapid addiction.

Mast cell membrane stabilizers

Allows you to relieve inflammation in the nasal cavity. Sprays that have a local effect are often used. These drugs also prevent the body from developing an immediate reaction to the allergen and are therefore often used as a prophylactic agent.

Hormonal drugs

The disease is treated with hormonal drugs only if there is no effect from antihistamines and anti-inflammatory therapy. Medicines with hormones are not used for a long time, and only a doctor should select them for his patient.

Enterosorbents

The disease also affects the accumulation of toxins in the body, which leads to an even greater increase in symptoms. Enterosorbents can help rid the body of toxins. Usually these drugs are prescribed for several days.

Hyposensitization

Hyposensitization is used only if the type of allergen negatively affecting the body is precisely known. The technique consists of introducing minimal doses of the agent into the body of a sick person.

Under the influence of this substance, the body gradually gets used to its effects, due to which the symptoms of the disease decrease and in some cases disappear completely. The introduction of the allergen is carried out under the supervision of a doctor, and the full course may take several years.

Prevention of allergic rhinitis

Since it is impossible to cure allergic rhinitis forever, it is worth paying special attention to its prevention. Allergists recommend the following preventive measures:

Questions and answers on the topic “Allergic rhinitis”

Question: Hello! An ENT specialist diagnosed me with chronic allergic rhinitis. And he warned me that the spray (Avamys) that he prescribed for me should be used throughout my life. Isn't this harmful?

Source: http://www.diagnos-online.ru/zabol/zabol-437-allergic-rhinitis.html

Allergic rhinitis: symptoms and treatment

Allergic rhinitis - main symptoms:

  • Headache
  • Weakness
  • Loss of appetite
  • Itchy nose
  • Impaired concentration
  • Sneezing
  • Watery nasal discharge
  • Tears on eyes

Allergic rhinitis is a pathological process, the characteristic symptoms of which are frequent sneezing and itchy nose. Against the background of these clinical manifestations, nasal discharge, sore throat and nasal congestion occur. All of the symptoms presented begin to affect the human body after the nasal mucosa comes into contact with allergens. The prevalence of this disease is 7-30%. Moreover, allergic rhinitis is most common in children.

Risk factors

Allergic rhinitis occurs due to immediate hypersensitivity. To put it simply, as a result of the formation of an allergic reaction. It represents a large number of immediate-type allergic processes. Photos of these processes show that symptoms begin to occur 20 seconds after the first contact with the allergen.

The presented disease, together with atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma, is one of the three allergic-type diseases. Allergic rhinitis can occur for the following reasons:

  • house dust;
  • presence of mites in house dust;
  • plant pollen;
  • insect allergens;
  • medications;
  • some food products;
  • allergens of yeast and mold fungi.
  • heredity.

Symptoms

To date, a classification of the presented disease has been developed, according to which intermittent and persistent rhinitis are distinguished. Photos of this disease show that such a disease in a child and an adult can occur in mild, moderate or severe form.

Symptoms of mild intermittent rhinitis last approximately 4 days. This condition is characterized by normal daily activity, people go about their business as before, and there is no disturbance in sleep or rest.

Intermittent and persistent rhinitis of moderate severity have the following manifestations:

  • poor sleep;
  • disruption of daily activity, inability to perform physical activity;
  • disturbance of rest;
  • there is no opportunity to fully study or work.

Having familiarized yourself with the disease in the photo, you can identify the following symptoms of allergic rhinitis in a child and an adult:

  • watery nasal discharge;
  • itching;
  • weakness;
  • poor appetite;
  • sneezing;
  • constant tears in the eyes;
  • pain in the head;
  • impaired concentration.

Forms of the disease

The presented pathology in both children and adults can have two forms:

  1. Seasonal allergic rhinitis is the most common form of the disease. Seasonal allergic rhinitis occurs at certain times of the year, most often when in contact with plant pollen. This disease may have the following names: Hay fever, Hay fever.
  2. Year-round allergic rhinitis. The reasons why the disease occurs lie in the allergens with which a person comes into contact. This disease is of an allergic nature and is also similar to hay cold. Year-round allergic rhinitis is accompanied by irritation of the mucous membranes of the nose and eyes.

Stages of the disease

The course of this disease in a child and an adult can occur in several stages:

  1. Vasotic. It is characterized by periodic nasal congestion, the cause of which is a violation of vascular tone. This form requires the use of decongestants.
  2. Vasodilation. Here, a child or an adult may be bothered by nasal congestion in combination with dilation of the vessels of the nasal mucosa.
  3. Chronic edema. Symptoms of allergic rhinitis include persistent nasal congestion and bluish mucous membranes.
  4. Hyperplasia. Causes nasal congestion, proliferation of mucous membranes, and the formation of polyps. Against the background of this disease, secondary otitis may occur.

Diagnostics

The disease can be diagnosed in a child and an adult only after visiting an allergist’s office. After the examination, he will direct the patient to undergo the following tests:

  1. Nasal swab to determine eosinophils.
  2. Nasal swab for microflora and fungi.
  3. Skin tests.
  4. Clinical blood test.
  5. Blood test for specific immunoglobulins E.
  6. Rhinomanometry.

Therapy

Treatment of allergic rhinitis in children and adults is aimed, first of all, at eliminating the cause. May include medications and traditional methods. Allergic rhinitis during pregnancy includes the same treatment as the treatment for the child.

Antihistamines

The presented tablets have an effect that prevents histamine from exerting its negative effects in allergies.

This disease can be treated in children and adults using the following tablets:

The presented tablets do not have a sedative effect and are not addictive. You need to take 1 tablet once a day. These tablets can eliminate many symptoms of the disease: discharge, sneezing, itching, manifestations of conjunctivitis.

In addition, specialists can prescribe 2nd generation antihistamines. These include:

These drops and sprays for allergic rhinitis are used for mild forms of the disease. The effect occurs very quickly, and the drugs are well tolerated. To cure this disease, medications must be taken 2 times a day.

Cromony

Such drugs are stabilizers of mast cell membranes that secrete biologically active components during an allergic reaction. Under their influence, the mast cell is unable to release such compounds into the environment, as a result of which the allergic reaction is weakened and completely stopped.

You can treat allergic rhinitis using the following drops:

These drops are most often used for preventive purposes or to treat intermittent manifestations of this disease. Drops cannot normalize nasal breathing due to the slow onset of the effect. Medicines need to be taken 4 times a day.

The presented drops have no side effects, so they can be used to treat children and pregnant women.

Anticholinergics

An excellent spray for allergic rhinitis is Iprathromium. It does not have systemic activity, but has a local effect, causing blocking of muscarinic receptors in the mucosa. Such medications are actively used in the treatment of moderate or severe allergic rhinitis as a component of a balanced treatment.

Local vasoconstrictor medications

The presented medications are released in the form of drops. They cause constriction of blood vessels and reduce swelling, eliminate nasal congestion. Allergic rhinitis can be treated using the following drops:

The presented drugs have a quick but not long-lasting effect. With short courses of therapy, these drops do not cause any changes in the nasal mucosa. If you use these remedies for a long time for allergic rhinitis, this can lead to “rebound” syndrome. Persistent swelling and rhinorrhea will occur.

Topical glucocorticosteroids

Glucocorticosteroids are a certain type of hormone produced by the adrenal glands. In addition to a large number of positive effects, drugs in this group have anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects. During an allergic reaction, a special activity of the immune system occurs. If you use these drugs, you will be able to cope with the resulting pathology.

By using drops or spirea containing glucocorticosteroids, you can achieve complete cessation of allergies and maintain the state of remission the body needs for a long period. It is possible to eliminate unpleasant symptoms and normalize nasal breathing.

If you use the drops of this group correctly, you don’t have to worry about the formation of atrophy of the mucous membrane. They have an immediate effect and do not have a negative effect on the body. For this reason, drops can be used even when treating a child’s allergic rhinitis. These include the following drugs:

ethnoscience

Treatment of allergic rhinitis with folk remedies is in high demand today. It is necessary to use such therapy in combination with the main treatment and after agreeing on all issues with the doctor. Today the following folk recipes are considered effective:

  1. Crush the peony root tubers into powder and consume 3-4 tablespoons throughout the day. After a few days, the sneezing and runny nose will go away.
  2. Brew a dessert spoon of greater celandine, adding 500 ml of water. Leave for 4 hours and consume 1/3 cup 2 times a day.
  3. To prepare this recipe, you need to use the common blackcap at the time of its flowering. Grind the herb, use one tablespoon 3 times a day. Using this herb, you can prepare a decoction and treat allergic rhinitis with it, consuming it hot throughout the day.
  4. Pour 250 ml of boiling water over a tablespoon of chamomile. Leave for half an hour, and then take a tablespoon 2 times throughout the day.

Allergic rhinitis is a disease that presents a lot of inconvenience and unpleasant sensations to a person. To ensure a speedy recovery, it is very important to start treatment for allergic rhinitis on time. It should only be selected by an experienced specialist, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient.

If you think that you have Allergic rhinitis and the symptoms characteristic of this disease, then doctors can help you: an allergist, an otorhinolaryngologist.

We also suggest using our online disease diagnostic service, which selects probable diseases based on the entered symptoms.

Vasomotor rhinitis is a disorder that occurs during nasal breathing, which is particularly facilitated by the narrowing that forms in the nasal cavity. Vasomotor rhinitis, the symptoms of which are provoked in this process by swelling of tissues in the nasal turbinates, also causes disturbances in vascular tone, as well as vascular tone in the nasal mucosa.

Nasopharyngitis is an inflammatory lesion of the mucous layer of the nasopharynx. The peak incidence occurs in the autumn-spring period, and approximately 80% of people of different ages, both men and women, suffer from this disease. In the vast majority of situations, the source of the disease is a pathological agent that has penetrated the human body. In addition, the development of the disease is influenced by allergic reactions and a number of factors that increase the likelihood of its occurrence.

A disease characterized by acute, chronic and recurrent inflammation of the pleura is called tuberculous pleurisy. This disease has the peculiarity of manifesting itself through infection of the body with tuberculosis viruses. Pleurisy often occurs if a person has a tendency to pulmonary tuberculosis.

Lymphocytic leukemia is a malignant lesion that arises in the lymphatic tissue. It is characterized by the accumulation of tumor lymphocytes in the lymph nodes, in the peripheral blood and in the bone marrow. The acute form of lymphocytic leukemia has recently been classified as a “childhood” disease due to its susceptibility mainly to patients aged two to four years. Today, lymphocytic leukemia, the symptoms of which are characterized by their own specificity, is observed more often among adults.

Paraproctitis is a purulent inflammation that forms in the fatty tissue that surrounds the anal sphincter and rectum. Paraproctitis, the symptoms of which are determined depending on the form of the disease, after hemorrhoids, is one of the most common diseases occurring in the rectal area.

With the help of exercise and abstinence, most people can do without medicine.

Symptoms and treatment of human diseases

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Source: http://simptomer.ru/bolezni/organy-dykhaniya/479-allergicheskiy-rinit-simptomy

Allergic rhinitis - symptoms and treatment in adults, types, causes

How to treat allergic rhinitis?

Allergic rhinitis is characterized by an inflammatory process in the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity. Pathology develops as a result of exposure to allergens. In other words, allergic rhinitis is an inadequate reaction of the body to various irritants: pollen, mites living in house dust, insect allergens, molds and yeasts, medications, certain foods, chemicals.

After contact of the nasal mucosa with these allergens, an inflammatory process develops, accompanied by characteristic symptoms such as itching in the nose, soreness, difficulty in nasal breathing, secretion of a large amount of mucus, etc.

Read more about the disease, its types, signs and methods of treatment below.

Classification of rhinitis according to ICD-10 code

From a medical point of view, allergic rhinitis is undoubtedly a pathological process, which, according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), is identified as a separate disease - J30.0. This code applies not only to allergic rhinitis, but also to spasmodic (except for the runny nose that accompanies bronchial asthma), as well as vasomotor allergic rhinitis.

In medicine, the disease is also called hay fever and hay fever. Behind all these terms lies the same pathological process, accompanied by copious discharge from the nasal cavity, difficulty breathing, itching, sneezing, headache, etc.

According to the ICD-10 code, hay fever is included in block J30-J39. This block is called “Other diseases of the upper respiratory tract.” Rhinitis of allergic origin belongs to positions J30.0 – J30.4. Here is the exact decoding of these positions according to ICD-10.

  1. J30.0. Rhinitis of allergic origin, vasomotor rhinitis.
  2. J30.1. Allergic rhinitis, developing due to exposure to plant pollen.
  3. J30.2. Other allergic rhinitis is seasonal.
  4. J30.0. Other rhinitis of allergic origin.
  5. J30.4. Unspecified allergic rhinitis, which was not confirmed after differential diagnosis.

Rhinitis of allergic origin has its own varieties. More about this below.

In medicine, there are 3 types of rhinitis of allergic origin.

  1. Intermittent, or seasonal. Symptoms of the disease appear at certain times of the year. Symptoms last less than 4 days per week or less than 4 weeks per year.
  2. Year-round (persistent allergic rhinitis). Chronic illness. Develops at any time of the year. Symptoms occur 4 days a week or more than 4 weeks in 12 months.
  3. Professional. This type of rhinitis develops with regular contact with a certain irritant.

All of these types belong to the acute stage of rhinitis of allergic origin. How can you tell them apart?

Seasonal (intermittent)

This type of pathology is mainly associated with the flowering period of certain plants (ragweed, lilac, poplar, lily). In most cases, seasonal rhinitis develops in spring and summer (June).

Patients with intermittent rhinitis note the appearance of redness on the eyeballs and swelling of the eyelids. In rare cases, there is a slight deterioration in hearing and congestion in the ears. This symptom indicates the development of an inflammatory process in the auditory tube (eustacheitis), which acts as a connector between the ear and nasal cavities.

In addition, the patient has nasal congestion due to swelling of the mucous membrane.

Other symptoms of seasonal rhinitis include:

  • itching, burning, pain in the eyes;
  • sneezing, tickling in the nose;
  • headache;
  • congestion in the ears and nose;
  • inability to open eyes after sleep, eyelids stick together;
  • paroxysmal cough;
  • itchy throat;
  • irritability, apathy, possibly depression;
  • in rare cases, an increase in body temperature up to 37ͦ.

The discharge of mucus from the nose is not always characteristic of this disease.

Year-round

Year-round allergic rhinitis is quite difficult to treat. The treatment regimen is developed specifically for each patient by an allergist or immunologist. Treatment is based on a complete medical history of the patient.

The source of development of year-round rhinitis most often becomes animal hair, house dust, fungi and other pathogenic microorganisms that live in the room where the patient lives, as well as chronic infectious lesions of the nasopharynx.

The patient complains of severe nasal congestion, which persists for a long time. At the same time, the mouth is constantly slightly open, the eyelids are swollen, and the eyes are red. In addition, often at night during sleep there is a paroxysmal cough, and dark circles form under the eyes.

If treatment for allergic rhinitis is not started in time, it can become chronic and result in sinusitis, otitis media and other inflammatory diseases of neighboring organs.

Professional

This type of disease develops as a result of regular human contact with allergens. Various substances can act as an irritant. For example, doctors may be allergic to medications.

Due to their activities, they constantly have to come into contact with the allergen. Of course, this does not happen to everyone, but only to those who are prone to the allergic process.

The main signs of the disease are:

  • swelling of the eyelids;
  • heavy snoring;
  • itching in the throat, coughing;
  • profuse lacrimation;
  • bags under the eyes;
  • discharge of mucus from the nose.

People with occupational rhinitis note relief of symptoms or their complete disappearance within the walls of the house or in the fresh air.

Causes

As mentioned earlier, the main symptom of the disease is contact with allergens. What factors precede this condition? This:

  • stressful situations;
  • genetics;
  • disturbances in metabolic processes;
  • immunodeficiency;
  • anatomical structure of the nasopharynx;
  • low blood pressure (hypotension);
  • intestinal dysbiosis;
  • long-term use of antibiotics;
  • frequent viral infections;
  • diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
  • increased blood clotting;
  • prolonged contact with the allergen.

In order to get rid of allergic rhinitis, you need to find out the cause of the disease through diagnostic measures. Self-treatment can lead to worsening of the condition and the development of complications.

How to improve the condition of year-round rhinitis

This diagnosis is made to the patient if an exacerbation is observed for 9 months of the year. The surest way to get rid of year-round rhinitis is to stop contacting the allergen (although this is not an easy task).

The patient is recommended to do the following:

  1. Carry out wet cleaning in the house as often as possible.
  2. Purchase devices with a moisturizing effect (humidifiers and air purifiers).
  3. If possible, remove books and carpets from the room. Regularly shake out blankets, pillows, bedspreads. In summer, they should be constantly dried in the sun.
  4. Another prerequisite is regular rinsing of the nasal passages with moisturizers based on salt or sea water.
  5. If the nasal mucosa is swollen, vasoconstrictor drops should be used (only after consulting a doctor).
  6. Quit bad habits - drinking alcohol, smoking.
  7. Wash curtains and tulle regularly.
  8. Make sure to purchase a vacuum cleaner that is capable of moisturizing carpets and floors.
  9. Remove mucus from the nasal passages (blow your nose more often).
  10. If possible, sleep only on synthetic underwear.

If you are diagnosed with “year-round rhinitis,” it is recommended to get rid of all unnecessary things in the apartment. This applies to books, old clothes, fur products, etc. This measure will help prevent the accumulation of harmful dust.

Treatment of intermittent and occupational rhinitis

The only way to overcome occupational rhinitis is to change your occupation. As they say, no contact with an irritant - no allergy.

As for seasonal rhinitis, everything is much more complicated. It is simply not possible to cut down the poplar with its fluff or mow down all the ragweed under the window.

In this case, allergists recommend doing the following:

  1. Install protective nets on windows.
  2. When going outside, wear safety glasses.
  3. Try not to come into contact with the allergen.
  4. Clean the room as often as possible.
  5. If possible, do not go outside in windy weather.
  6. After walking during the flowering period of the plant, shake out your clothes and take a shower.
  7. Carry a bottle of water with you and wash your face when unpleasant symptoms appear.
  8. Carry vasoconstrictor drops with you.

Diagnostics

If you notice symptoms of allergic rhinitis, you should immediately visit an allergist. The most important condition for making a correct diagnosis is identifying the allergen that caused the disease.

The following methods are used for this:

  1. Skin tests. To do this, 1 drop of the allergen is applied to the patient, most often on the forearm area, and the body’s reaction is observed. This method is considered the most informative and reliable. However, it should not be performed on pregnant women, or during periods of exacerbation of the disease.
  2. Blood test for specific immunoglobulins. It can be performed during an exacerbation, during pregnancy and while taking anti-allergy medications. It is worth noting that the frequency of false indicators in this case is more than 20%.

Sometimes the doctor may prescribe other diagnostic methods - x-ray of the sinuses, nasal swab for the presence of fungi, rhinomanometry.

Medicines

Unfortunately, medications used for allergic rhinitis can only relieve accompanying symptoms and not affect the cause of the disease itself.

Until now, medicine has not been able to develop a drug that could fight allergies at a deep level, since the triggering mechanisms, the final reasons that cause such a reaction of the body to certain irritants, are still completely unknown.

What drugs does medicine offer to relieve the symptoms of the disease?

Antihistamines or antiallergenic drugs

At a mild stage of the disease, it is recommended to take antihistamines. For this purpose, 1st, 2nd and 3rd generation medications are used.

However, it should be remembered that first-generation drugs often lead to undesirable effects - arrhythmia, urinary retention, drowsiness, blurred vision. Antihistamines of the 2nd and 3rd generations do not lead to such adverse reactions, and allergy symptoms are eliminated within minutes of taking the pill.

The duration of treatment in adults with antihistamines is 2 weeks.

Hormonal drugs

Allergic rhinitis is treated with hormonal medications if anti-inflammatory and antihistamine medications do not have the desired effect. Only a doctor should prescribe hormones.

So, for severe forms of allergies, glucocorticoids are prescribed (administered intranasally): Budesonide, Flicosanze. If the patient has been prescribed these particular drugs, then it is impossible to stop using them abruptly, otherwise withdrawal syndrome may occur in the form of worsening symptoms.

Hormonal sprays for allergic rhinitis: Nazarel, Nasonex, Aldecin, Benarin, Nasobek - should be used only as prescribed by a doctor. These drugs are prohibited for use by elderly people, young children and pregnant women.

Vasoconstrictor drops

Nasal drops for allergic rhinitis, which have a vasoconstrictor effect, should be used with extreme caution. Under no circumstances should you abuse such medications.

Vasoconstrictor drugs are used for swelling of the nasal mucosa and secretion of mucus from the nasal cavity. It is recommended to use them for no more than 5 days (otherwise it will lead to rebound syndrome).

For rhinitis of allergic origin, use:

It is worth noting that these drugs do not have a therapeutic effect, but only eliminate the symptoms of rhinitis.

Mast cell membrane stabilizers

Mast cell membrane stabilizers relieve inflammation in the nasal cavity. As a result, the allergic reaction weakens or stops completely.

Treatment of rhinitis of allergic origin in adults is carried out using the following drops and sprays:

These medications do not cause side effects, so they can be used by pregnant women, children and the elderly.

It is worth saying that these drugs cannot normalize nasal breathing or relieve swelling from the mucous membrane, since their action is quite slow. It is recommended to use these medications for prevention and for seasonal allergic rhinitis. Frequency of use – 4 times a day.

Nazal and Prelavin

The drugs do not have a therapeutic effect. These are barrier products that, after spraying, form a colorless gel-like coating that protects the nasal mucosa from allergens entering the body. The duration of action of the drugs is one day, when used four times.

The preparations contain natural ingredients. Nasal and Prelavin do not cause side effects, so they are allowed to be used by pregnant women, children from birth and the elderly.

Desensitization

This procedure involves administering an allergen extract subcutaneously to the patient in increasing dosages. The course of treatment is 3-5 years. Initially, injections are given once a week, then every 6 weeks. The procedure is carried out when the allergen that causes rhinitis is known.

This method is contraindicated for people with bronchial asthma and heart and vascular diseases.

Enterosorbents

Allergic rhinitis can be treated with enterosorbents. These drugs help remove waste, allergens and toxins from the human body. Medicines in this group are used for allergic rhinitis in complex therapy. The duration of treatment with the drugs is no more than 2 weeks.

Another important condition is that the remaining medications should be taken an hour after using enterosorbents, since the digestibility of the former is reduced.

The most effective drugs in this group are considered:

Rinsing the nasal cavity

If rhinitis is seasonal, then in this case, rinsing the nose is a prerequisite for treatment. Medicines for these purposes are used based on sea water (Dolphin, Aqualor, Aquamaris) and salt. The latter can be prepared at home. For this, 1 tsp. salts are diluted in 1 liter of boiled water.

It is easier to combat allergic rhinitis when the cause of its development is known. To identify it, you should first consult a doctor. Self-prescription of treatment may be unsafe for the health of an allergy sufferer.

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