Cause of nosebleeds in children

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E. Komarovsky about why a child’s nose bleeds

Many parents have experienced nosebleeds in their children, but not everyone knows why the nose often bleeds in childhood, as well as how to properly deal with such a problem.

Table of contents:

Let's find out the opinion of Dr. Komarovsky and his advice for parents with nosebleeds in children.

Causes

A well-known pediatrician cites the anatomical features of the structure of the nasal mucosa as the main reason for frequent bleeding in children. It is they who cause frequent bleeding in some children and the absence of such a problem in other children. Among the most common provoking factors, Komarovsky names dry air in the room in which the child is staying.

According to a popular doctor, due to dry air, the mucus in the child’s nose dries out and forms crusts, and when the child picks them off, bleeding begins.

In this case, Komarovsky emphasizes, we are talking about bleeding that is not caused by injury (fall, blow), when the reason for the bleeding from the baby’s nose is obvious. Excessively dry air causes bleeding that appears suddenly, for no apparent reason.

Increased production of mucus in a child’s nose is caused by a viral infection, exposure to an allergen or bacteria, and drying out of the mucus can be caused not only by dry air in the room, but also by taking certain medications (vasoconstrictors, anti-inflammatory, antihistamines and others), a prolonged increase in body temperature, inhalation of contaminated air.

The bleeding itself can begin not only when picking the nose, but also when sneezing, while walking, inhaling or during sleep - in all cases when the pressure on the nasal septum increases.

However, the cause of nosebleeds in a child can be much more serious, however, as Komarovsky notes, problems with blood clotting, liver, blood pressure and other serious illnesses will never manifest themselves only as nosebleeds. If your baby has any such disease, he will also have other symptoms, such as skin rashes, frequent bruises, headaches or dizziness.

Urgent Care

When a child has a nosebleed, Komarovsky recommends doing the following:

  1. Have your baby sit with his body tilted forward. The baby's head should be straight or slightly tilted forward.
  2. The child's nostrils should be squeezed with your fingers and held for about 10 minutes. The mother or the child himself can squeeze his nose. While waiting, the child should breathe through his mouth.

According to a popular doctor, the speed at which blood flow stops is primarily affected by the diameter of the damaged vessel. Also, the duration of bleeding will be determined by the state of the blood coagulation system and the use of certain medications. In most cases, ten minutes will be enough for normal nosebleeds to stop.

To speed up the stop of bleeding, a popular doctor recommends cold, but only if the child can pinch his nose on his own (while the mother runs to the kitchen for something cold). Komarovsky advises using ice by applying it to the bridge of the nose. You can also give your child ice cream or a cold drink through a straw, as the cold in the mouth can also help stop nosebleeds more quickly.

In addition, so that 10 minutes of waiting until the blood stops flowing does not become too long for the child, parents can do something to entertain the child, for example, turn on a cartoon for the child, read to the child, or tell him a story.

A well-known pediatrician calls the main mistakes parents make when helping a child with a nosebleed:

  1. Throwing the child's head back. With this action, the blood will drain into the pharynx, so it will be difficult to understand how severe the vascular damage is, when the bleeding has stopped, and whether it has stopped at all. In addition, dripping blood can provoke a gag reflex.
  2. Insertion of cotton swabs into the nasal passages. After removing the cotton wool from the nose, the crust formed at the site of damage to the blood vessels is removed, which causes re-bleeding.
  3. Putting the child to bed. Komarovsky focuses the attention of parents on the fact that a child with nosebleeds should not be in a horizontal position.
  4. Release the baby's nostrils early, checking to see if blood is still flowing. This will only prevent the bleeding from stopping.

Also, during bleeding, a child should not:

If 10 minutes have passed, the mother has released her nostrils, and the bleeding still continues, all steps should be repeated for another 10 minutes. If after twenty minutes from the start of the nosebleed it has not stopped, the child should be shown to a doctor.

Komarovsky also advises not to hesitate to seek medical help if:

  • The child discharges blood from both nostrils at once.
  • The child also developed bleeding from another part of the body, for example, from the ear.
  • Nosebleeds recur very often.

In the video below, the doctor gives detailed recommendations for helping with nosebleeds in a child, and also talks about common mistakes parents make in such situations.

In all these cases, a well-known pediatrician advises to close the nostrils and call an ambulance, or put the child in the car to quickly take him to a medical facility.

Prevention

To prevent a child from experiencing frequent non-traumatic nosebleeds, Komarovsky recommends:

  • Humidify the air and remove dust accumulations from the room so that the mucus in the nose does not dry out.
  • Give your child plenty to drink.
  • If the baby has already had nosebleeds, do not use medications that can dry out the mucous membrane.
  • Do not allow your child to pick his nose.
  • Moisturize the mucous membrane with saline or oil solutions of vitamins E and A.
  • Get blood tests done regularly.
  • Do not allow your child to strain for a week after the nosebleed.

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A child has a nosebleed: causes, diagnosis, what to do

From this article you will learn answers to the questions: why does a child have a nosebleed, what diseases may be hidden behind this. What additional symptoms may accompany bleeding. How to help a child if he has a nosebleed. Further examination of the body and treatment.

Nosebleeds (scientific name: epistaxis) occur when the capillaries found in large numbers in the nasal mucosa are damaged. This damage occurs either as a result of trauma or spontaneously.

The causes and diseases that cause nosebleeds are the same for both children and adults. However, in children this phenomenon is observed more often, since, firstly, in childhood and adolescence the cardiovascular system is still developing, and the capillaries located in the nose may be weak, and, secondly, many diseases that provoke bleeding, They first make themselves known precisely at the age of 18.

According to statistics, about 60% of the world's population has had a nosebleed at least once. Two age groups are most susceptible to nosebleeds: children under 10 years of age and adults over 60 years of age. Boys are more likely to bleed from the nose than girls (such statistics may be due to more frequent nasal injuries in boys due to a more active lifestyle).

Frequent nosebleeds are a dangerous symptom. Sometimes this may indicate serious disorders in the body.

You can completely get rid of nosebleeds by eliminating their cause.

If this symptom appears in a child, contact your pediatrician spontaneously. As a result of an injury, if it is not possible to stop the bleeding for a long time or there is a suspicion of a broken nose, contact a traumatologist.

You may also need to consult an ENT specialist, endocrinologist, hematologist, immunologist, or oncologist. Your pediatrician will refer you to these doctors if necessary.

In most cases, the source of nosebleeds in patients is the Kisselbach plexus.

Why might your nose bleed?

The causes of epistaxis can be divided into three groups:

  1. Local (the cause is located directly in the nose).
  2. Systemic (nosebleeds hide diseases of other organs).
  3. External (the reason lies not in diseases, but in the negative impact of the environment).

Reasons why nosebleeds may occur:

We also note the causes of nosebleeds, which are practically impossible in childhood. This is the use of substances that sharply dilate or constrict blood vessels (alcohol in large doses, energy drinks, cocaine, amphetamine and other drugs inhaled through the nose), as well as hormonal changes during pregnancy.

As you can see, the factors that can cause epistaxis are quite varied - from harmless dry air to serious diseases such as leukemia. Therefore, if this symptom appears spontaneously and frequently, consult a doctor and undergo the examination that he will prescribe for you.

With prolonged use of nasal drops or sprays, the nutrition of the nasal mucosa is disrupted, it becomes thinner, and the vessels become fragile. And with increased blood pressure or injury, nosebleeds occur

Additional symptoms

If the bleeding is heavy, it may be accompanied by the following symptoms:

  • pale skin;
  • dizziness;
  • weakness;
  • cold sweat;
  • sometimes fainting.

How to recognize a “dangerous” nosebleed

By dangerous we mean something that indicates serious illness.

Bleeding caused by diseases is frequent and begins spontaneously.

Vascular diseases and bleeding disorders are often accompanied by bleeding not only from the nose, but also from other mucous membranes. The appearance of bruises even from light blows is also typical.

Epistaxis caused by high blood pressure most often occurs at night.

Sudden, short and intense bleeding (when blood suddenly begins to literally flow in a stream) is dangerous. They may indicate:

  • rupture of a large facial or nasal vessel;
  • malignant tumor of the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.

Bleeding due to injury is also not always harmless. If blood comes from the nose as a result of a fall, especially from a height, pay attention to its color:

  • If it is scarlet and foams, this may be a sign of lung damage.
  • If it is dark, close to brown and curled, this may indicate an injury to the esophagus or stomach.

Complications

If there is a heavy nosebleed, a person may faint due to blood loss.

Epistaxis can also be complicated by nausea and vomiting. When blood is released abundantly, it flows down the back wall of the throat and, when it enters the stomach, provokes these unpleasant symptoms.

In severe cases, with very heavy bleeding, blood can enter the nasolacrimal duct and go out through the eye sockets. However, this rarely happens.

If blood comes from both nostrils at the same time, or if the bleeding lasts longer than 10 minutes, call a doctor immediately.

First aid

Rules for stopping nosebleeds:

If the bleeding does not stop within 10 minutes, call a doctor.

A doctor can stop bleeding using the following methods:

  1. Inserting a cotton swab soaked in chloroacetic acid into the nostril.
  2. Insertion of a hemostatic sponge into the nose. It is saturated with substances that promote blood clotting.
  3. Laser coagulation (cauterization) of bleeding vessels.
  4. In severe cases, when it is not possible to stop heavy bleeding, aminocaproic acid is administered intravenously. And, if the patient has lost a lot of blood, a plasma transfusion is performed.

Body examination

If bleeding began as a result of injury or the insertion of a foreign object into the nose, take the patient to a traumatologist. Diagnostics will proceed as follows:

  • The doctor will examine the nose manually and using a rhinoscope.
  • He will send you for an x-ray of the skull.
  • In case of a complex fracture, a CT or MRI of the nose and skull may be needed.

If bleeding occurs spontaneously and regularly, contact your pediatrician. First of all, the doctor will measure your blood pressure, collect data on previous diseases and current symptoms. He will also refer you for a general blood test.

During the initial examination, sometimes it is already possible to accurately determine the cause of nosebleeds or to suspect a possible cause. If all tests during the initial examination are normal and there are no complaints, then perhaps the cause is external (for example, low air humidity).

Depending on the results of the initial examination, the following diagnostic procedures may be prescribed.

Treatment

Specific treatment for epistaxis is to stop the bleeding. This process is described in the First Aid section.

Further treatment consists of eliminating the cause to prevent recurrent bleeding.

If bleeding of the nasal mucosa is caused by health problems, follow all doctor's recommendations regarding further treatment of the underlying disease.

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Why does a child bleed from the nose: causes and treatment of nosebleeds at home

Bleeding from a child's nose always frightens parents. There are many reasons for this phenomenon, and, of course, in such a situation the baby needs help. In order for parents to be able to provide it to their child, they need to familiarize themselves with the relevant information about the types, features and methods of treating such pathologies.

Causes of nosebleeds in children

There are a lot of blood vessels in the nasal cavity. Nosebleeds (epistaxis) from one or both nostrils are much more common in children than in adults. It can occur at any age (both in one-year-olds and in children of preschool and primary school age up to 10 years) and less often in adolescents. Thus, almost every child knows from personal experience what nosebleeds are.

Why is this happening? Let's list the main reasons:

  1. nasal injuries;
  2. diseases of the ENT organs;
  3. pathologies of internal organs and systems;
  4. frequent nasal tamponade;
  5. external factors.

Nose injury

Toddlers love to play with small objects. Parents cannot always keep track of them, and the child can easily stick some small toy (for example, a construction piece) up his nose. This is typical for children 3-4 years old. As a result, the baby injures the nasal mucosa and bleeding begins. A similar injury can be caused by simply picking your nose with your finger. If possible, it is necessary to wean the child from such habits.

ENT diseases

During the cool season, children often suffer from colds. This happens because the immune system is not yet formed. Frequent discharge of liquid secretion from the nose causes the vessels in it to become inflamed. When a child sneezes or coughs, weak and inflamed blood vessels may begin to bleed from tension.

Diseases of other organs and systems

Bleeding is also explained by the presence of pathologies, which are characterized by impaired hemocoagulation (blood clotting). With such diseases, blood vessels become very vulnerable, and even mild bleeding is difficult to stop. Similar diseases include:

Teenagers often experience nosebleeds during hormonal changes. This is not a pathology, but simply age-related features.

Use of nasal medications

During colds, parents often instill vasoconstrictor drugs into the child’s nose. In some cases, their use is necessary, because they alleviate the course of the disease, but too long use makes the vessels vulnerable, the mucous membrane becomes thinner and vulnerable, which provokes the occurrence of bleeding.

Frequent nasal tamponade

If the baby has a frequent flow of blood from the nose, then cotton swabs are inserted into his nasal passages (they look like flagella about 3 cm long and no more than 1 cm thick). Such tampons block blood flow and, with frequent use, cause atrophy of the nasal mucosa. Because of this, the problem is not solved, but only worsened.

External factors

Sometimes nosebleeds are caused by external factors. For example, if the baby overheats in the sun and gets sunstroke or heatstroke. Dry air impairs the elasticity of the blood vessels in the nose, making them fragile and brittle. This air can be used both outdoors in cold or hot weather, and indoors.

Types of nosebleeds

To make a diagnosis, it matters what time of day the bleeding from the nose occurs, whether it happens periodically or happened once. Most often, bleeding occurs at night, in the morning or with rhinitis.

At night

If the parents are sure that the baby did not have any injuries to the nose, then the bleeding may have been caused by:

  • long-term or uncontrolled treatment with vasoconstrictor drops;
  • severe drying of the baby’s nasal mucosa - this is especially true during the heating season, when the air in the apartment is dry;
  • allergies to dust, household chemicals, pets, etc.;
  • increased intracranial pressure.

In the morning

If your baby has bleeding in the morning, it may be due to the following factors:

  • in a dream, the child lay on his side or stomach all night, which could put pressure on the blood vessels and cause bleeding;
  • the presence of polyps in the nose also leads to blood loss in the morning;
  • as in the case of nighttime phenomena, morning ones can be caused by too dry air in the room;
  • increased emotional and physical stress (characteristic of school age from 8 to 11 years), lack of sleep for proper rest, and much more. etc.

Bleeding from the nose may occur due to overexcitement and anxiety.

Rhinitis with blood

It happens that slight bleeding from the nose is accompanied by rhinitis. This is especially noticeable when blowing your nose. What could be the reason for this phenomenon:

  • the child, due to inability, blows his nose too actively, therefore injuring the mucous membrane and promoting the appearance of blood;
  • trying to pick off dried crusts, the baby scratches the delicate mucous membrane;
  • frequent use of vasoconstrictor drugs affects;
  • complications after diseases of the ENT organs.

These are just some of the possible causes of blood in the nasal cavity. To accurately establish the nature of the pathology, consultation with a specialist is necessary. This is most relevant for regular bleeding.

How to stop nosebleeds?

You can stop nosebleeds with fairly simple steps. Of course, the cause of the pathology plays a significant role. If the flow of blood does not stop for more than a minute, then you should urgently call an ambulance. It is also necessary to intervene with specialists if there has been a head injury, vomiting is present, the child loses consciousness or suffers from poor blood clotting (hemophilia).

Providing first aid to a child

At home, it is important to provide timely first aid to the baby. It should be not only physical, but also psychological.

This way the injured part is compressed and the bleeding stops.

Children themselves are very frightened by sudden bleeding, so it is necessary to immediately reassure the child. Simple steps will help ease your baby’s condition:

  1. Place your baby in a chair and tilt his head forward.
  2. Pinch your nostrils and apply ice to the bridge of your nose. After 6-7 minutes, you can carefully insert cotton swabs soaked in vasoconstrictor drugs (Vibrocil, Naphthyzin) into the nasal passages.
  3. After 5 minutes, carefully remove the flagella and lubricate the mucous membrane with Vaseline or Neomycin ointment, which accelerate healing and soothe inflammation.

The most common mistakes that are easy to avoid

Many parents, trying to help their child, unknowingly can harm him. Incorrect first aid measures can lead to increased bleeding and other unpleasant symptoms. In order to prevent mistakes and not aggravate the situation, you need to know what things you absolutely cannot do:

  1. During bleeding, place the baby in bed and elevate his legs. This will increase blood loss.
  2. Throw your head back, because this disrupts the outflow of blood through the neck veins and increases blood flow. In addition, it numbs the throat, causing spasms and vomiting.
  3. Immediately after the bleeding stops, give the child drinks and food, especially hot ones. High temperature causes blood vessels to dilate and resume bleeding.

When is it necessary to contact a specialist?

You should contact an ENT doctor after the bleeding has stopped. Consultation with a specialist is needed to establish the cause and prevent recurrences. The doctor examines the sinuses using special mirrors (this method is called rhinoscopy). If necessary, damaged vessels are cauterized. Consultations with other specialists (endocrinologist, hematologist, etc.) may also be prescribed and tests may be performed.

Treatment of nosebleeds

With a single nosebleed, no specific treatment is required, since recurrence is unlikely, and parents have nothing to worry about. It will be enough to follow basic preventive measures. Systematic bleeding, as well as those caused by severe injuries, kidney disease, and impaired blood clotting, are subject to treatment. If relapses occur, the doctor prescribes appropriate treatment.

Medicines

Drug therapy is aimed primarily at reducing capillary fragility and permeability. Here are used:

  • Ascorutin;
  • Rutin;
  • Ascorbic acid.

Ascorbic acid reduces the permeability of the vascular wall

Additionally, for the prevention and acceleration of bleeding control, the following is prescribed:

  • Vikasol;
  • Dicynone;
  • intravenously: Calcium chloride, aminocaproic acid.

For bleeding caused by injuries, your doctor may prescribe:

Traditional medicine

Among folk recipes there are many effective remedies. Their additional advantages are accessibility, environmental friendliness and budget. Among these remedies there are both local and those taken orally:

  • Teas with sea buckthorn, plantain, and chamomile improve blood clotting well;
  • a piece of aloe leaf, eaten on an empty stomach, can help with frequent bleeding;
  • To quickly stop bleeding, you can soak a cotton swab in the juice of fresh nettle or plantain and insert it into the sore nostril.

If your child has nosebleeds, it is recommended to drink chamomile teas.

These recommendations can be useful, but parents should not get carried away with self-medication, especially if the cause of the bleeding is not clearly established. Before using traditional medicine, you should also consult your doctor.

Preventive measures

To prevent nosebleeds, parents need to follow some rules. They consist of paying close attention to the health of your baby, preventing injuries, and providing healthy and balanced nutrition. The following measures will help strengthen the baby’s blood vessels:

  1. Regular ventilation of the room and humidification of the air in the apartment during the heating season.
  2. Taking vitamin and mineral complexes for children, especially in the off-season, when the child’s immunity is weakened.
  3. Eating fresh vegetables, citrus fruits, fish, dairy products.

A nosebleed is not a dangerous phenomenon in itself, but it is better to prevent this pathology in order to maintain peace in the family and not expose the child to unnecessary stress. Following simple precautions will help the baby be healthy and cheerful and delight his parents with his successes and good mood.

One night the child started bleeding from his nose. I was very scared. Now I understand that the cause was a high temperature; the child was sick at the time. Apparently, a blood vessel in the nose burst due to the high temperature.

My brother often had nosebleeds as a child. Either from the sun, or from physical activity, or for any reason. They said it was weak blood vessels. And we also have a hereditary disease - varicose veins. Apparently this also plays a role.

Attention! All information on the site is provided for informational purposes only and is for informational purposes only. For all questions regarding the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, you must consult a doctor for an in-person consultation.

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Blood from the nose in a child: 10 reasons

If a baby has a nosebleed, everyone gets scared - both the baby and his parents. Such incidents happen often, they can be one-time, periodic and frequent, and the flows themselves can be heavy or not very heavy. Sometimes nosebleeds even cause hospitalization in a hospital. And at the hospital the doctors are already figuring out what’s going on.

Alexandra Botkina

pediatrician, Ph.D. honey. Sciences, Russian National Research Medical University named after. N. I. Pirogova, Moscow

Any nosebleed, or, as doctors say, bleeding from the nasal cavity, occurs due to a violation of the integrity of the walls of blood vessels. Most often this happens to children between two and 10 years old. The reasons are extremely varied.

Why does my child have nosebleeds?

If your child's nose is bleeding, there is a reason. And it cannot be determined immediately. Diagnosis takes time. At first they assume:

  1. traumatic damage to the nasal mucosa. It is very vulnerable in children because it is thin and contains many blood vessels. Problems can arise when the mucous membranes become dry, for example during the heating season or as a result of excessive nose blowing, sneezing and nose picking. A special problem that is relevant for young children is foreign bodies, which children often put in their noses, then forget about it or deliberately hide from adults. A foreign body injures the mucous membrane and provokes bleeding or causes inflammation, and then the bloody discharge is accompanied by purulent discharge with an unpleasant odor. The mucous membrane can also suffer from frequent rhinitis of any origin (allergic or infectious);
  2. curvature of the nasal septum, leading to uneven expansion and excessive vulnerability of blood vessels;
  3. injury to the nose and/or face when falling, being hit by a ball or hand while playing contact sports. Particularly severe nosebleeds occur with cranial injuries, for example, a fracture of the base of the skull in the anterior region of the cranial fossa;
  4. an infectious disease with a severe runny nose and high temperature - influenza, measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria, etc. With acute inflammation, blood vessels become very vulnerable, toxins secreted by viruses and bacteria literally corrode and thin their walls;
  5. problem of the vascular network of the nasal cavity. A congenital feature is considered a variant of varicose veins, which can “show” itself in different parts of the body;
  6. increased blood pressure. It is believed that hypertension is characteristic only of adults, but recently it has become increasingly common in young patients, in particular, due to problems with the kidneys, endocrine system, metabolic disorders, such as cholesterol, overdose of vitamin D, overheating, and heart defects. In essence, a protective-compensatory mechanism is triggered: when a small amount of blood comes out through the nose, blood pressure decreases slightly, reducing the likelihood of bleeding in the brain;
  7. disturbance in the blood coagulation system (hemostasis). The most famous is hemophilia, but there is also thrombocytopathy, in which platelets, which have an irregular structure, are not able to participate in the blood clotting process.
  8. polyp or tumor in the nose;
  9. malfunction of the liver, bone marrow and other organs.
  10. Nosebleeds are sometimes caused by medications, such as anticoagulants that inhibit blood clotting, such as aspirin.

Blood from a child’s nose: determining the strength of the “flow”

A “spring” can originate in different places. If it is in the front part of the nose, blood usually comes out of one nostril in drops or a stream. This area is called the Kisselbach zone, it contains a plexus of small and narrow capillaries that quickly become clogged, so the flow is short-lived and blood loss is minimal. They begin due to injury to the nasal mucosa with fingers or hard objects (q-tip, pencil, toy). This type of bleeding accounts for about 90% of all bleeding and, as a rule, does not pose a threat to life.

If the source of bleeding is in the middle or back of the nose, the situation becomes more complicated: the blood flows from a wide artery, and significant blood loss cannot be ruled out. Such bleeding is more difficult to notice because the blood flows in a strong stream along the back of the throat, and the baby first swallows it. But at a certain point he begins to vomit blood or have bloody diarrhea (melena). But by this moment the baby has lost a large amount of blood. And as a result, he experiences tinnitus, dizziness, decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, general weakness of the body, and shortness of breath. Suffocation is also possible: liquid may enter the respiratory tract. The causes of the posterior type of nosebleed are more serious: increased blood pressure, injuries to the face or nose, etc.

Attention! The flow rate is also different: from insignificant to profuse - life-threatening. Children do not tolerate blood loss well: a deficit of 50 ml of blood in a small child is equivalent in consequences to the loss of 1 liter in an adult!

A single and short-lived nosebleed does not pose a great danger if first aid is provided in a timely and correct manner. But a repetition of the situation or heavy flows is a reason to consult a doctor for a thorough search for the true cause of what happened.

Causes of nosebleeds in children

Frequently recurring, albeit minor, discharge of blood from the nose requires a thorough examination. First of all, anemia is excluded. Be sure to conduct a study of blood clotting rate; if it is below normal, consultation with a hematologist is recommended. It is important to measure blood pressure and check liver and kidney function. For prolonged bleeding of unknown cause, additional tests are required.

Attention! Measures to prevent nosebleeds include humidifying and purifying the air in the nursery, careful handling of the nasal passages, proper blowing of the nose, and choosing safe toys and sports.

First aid for nosebleeds

The reaction of adults to nosebleeds cannot be delayed; the bleeding must be stopped immediately, wherever it starts - in the garden, on the street, at home. And for this you need:

  • Calm or distract with conversation or toys.
  • Teach to breathe evenly and deeply. When excited, the heartbeat always increases, and with it the speed of blood flow increases.
  • The baby should be seated or placed in a semi-sitting position with his head slightly tilted forward and down.
  • Provide access to fresh air - unbutton the collar, loosen the fasteners, open the window.
  • Place a cold lotion or an ice pack on the bridge of the nose and nose to narrow the vessels of the nasal mucosa, and place a warm heating pad on your feet.
  • For minor bleeding, press the wing of your nose against the nasal septum with your finger and apply an ice pack there.
  • If the bleeding from the child’s nose does not stop, a ball of sterile cotton wool or gauze moistened with a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide is inserted into the anterior nasal cavity. The child himself can press it to the nasal septum and hold it for 10–15 minutes.
  • If this doesn't help, go to the clinic or emergency room.

Attention! If the cause of bleeding is severe (hemophilia), hospitalization is necessary, so call an ambulance immediately.

If you are bleeding from the nose, you should not:

  • remove the pillow from under the baby’s head;
  • raise his legs above the level of his body;
  • sharply throw your head back: this impedes the flow of blood through the veins of the neck, as a result of which bleeding may increase;
  • suddenly change the position in which it all started.

Photo source: Shutterstock

Each parent may encounter a problem when their baby suddenly starts bleeding from the nose. How not to get confused and provide first aid correctly? And how necessary is a visit to a specialist in this case?

Blood tests are a test that everyone, including children, has to deal with since childhood. There are a great variety of these tests, with their help it is possible to assume the presence of a source of inflammation in the body and to detect it.

Comments

Hello, my name is Sabina, I’m 10 years old and studying in the 4th grade. Today I went out with my mom for a walk and I didn’t pick my nose much and then I started bleeding from my nose and I told my mom about it, my mom gave me a little bandage and I applied it. in my nose, then my mother bought me cold water and put it in my nose, but I didn’t cry, my mother told me to lower my head back and I rinsed my mouth with that cold water 2 times, I spat out some blood, then the blood stopped, then when it was evening, my nose was dry, the blood was dried like kazyavki and I removed them then the lady's ear, my mother told me to take a swim, my mother bathed me, then my mother told me to blow my nose then I blew my nose and my nose became wet and there was blood and I came out of the bath, my mother gave me cotton wool and I lowered my head back and sat for 15 for a minute, then I removed it and the blood stopped, I again rinsed my mouth 2 times with water, there was a little blood, I told my mom, mom, let's go to the doctor, mom said, daughter, you don't need any doctor, it will go away on its own, because your nose doesn't hurt, I'll treat you myself at home, tell me please tell me how to quickly identify your nose at home

July 9:41

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What does nosebleed in a child indicate: causes

If a child is bleeding from the nose, the reasons can be very different, ranging from simple mechanical damage to the mucous membrane to severe hematological diseases. If you have this symptom, you should contact your pediatrician and undergo an examination.

Nosebleeds in children

Not everyone knows why a child has a nosebleed and why it is dangerous. Children of all ages face this problem.

Nosebleeds are a pathological condition characterized by the loss of blood due to damage to blood vessels. In childhood, this occurs 4-5 times more often than in adults. The following are the causes of nosebleeds:

  • viral diseases (flu, measles, scarlet fever),
  • head tumors,
  • injuries,
  • bad habit of picking your nose with your fingers,
  • frequent insertion of tampons,
  • regular use of vasoconstrictor medications,
  • hemophilia,
  • vasculitis,
  • systemic lupus erythematosus,
  • lack of platelets,
  • blood clotting disorder
  • deviated nasal septum,
  • inhalation of dry air,
  • benign and malignant tumors,
  • hypovitaminosis,
  • changes in hormonal levels during puberty,
  • hypertension,
  • increased intracranial pressure,
  • injuries during childbirth,
  • congenital and acquired malformations,
  • gastrointestinal bleeding,
  • exposure to ionizing radiation,
  • severe atherosclerosis,
  • rise to great heights,
  • pathology of the kidneys and liver,
  • heart diseases.

Risk factors for developing this condition include poor diet, stress, exercise, changes in temperature and air pressure.

If your child's nose is bleeding, it may be due to prolonged exposure to the sun. Physical overload is also dangerous.

The condition of blood vessels in children largely depends on external factors and the condition of the body as a whole. Their fragility increases with a lack of any substances, with toxic effects or injury.

Mechanical damage to the nose

Children 10 years and older lead a very active lifestyle. At this age, the most common cause of bleeding is injury. They are household, street, road.

Bleeding occurs as a result of a bruise in the nose, a fall, or a strong blow. This is possible under the following circumstances:

Damage to blood vessels is possible as a result of medical procedures (catheterization, endoscopic examination, removal of polyps, puncture of the sinuses). Injury often occurs when foreign objects enter. Children aged 4 years and younger love to put them in their noses. The most common injury is a bruise. There is no fracture with it.

Against the background of a bruise, a hematoma may form. This is a cavity filled with blood.

Bleeding from the nose in children with a bruise is not the only symptom. Severe pain may occur. Breathing is often impaired. When a bone is fractured, the curvature of the child’s nose is visually determined. Isolated injury is rare. Most often the brain is also affected.

The reason is a lack of vitamins

A child of any age needs adequate nutrition. The risk of bleeding increases with a lack of vitamins P and C in the body. This condition is called hypovitaminosis. The condition of blood vessels depends on these substances. Vitamin P (rutin) is a flavonoid. It has the ability to reduce the permeability of blood vessels and strengthen their walls.

It is found in citrus fruits, rose hips, walnuts, cabbage, currants, chokeberries, buckwheat, lettuce, and tomatoes. If a child rarely consumes these foods, a routine deficiency develops.

Hypovitaminosis can be caused by other reasons (helminthic infestation, intoxication, taking antibiotics). A lack of rutin is manifested by nosebleeds, hemorrhages, and acne. Bruises often appear on children's bodies. Bleeding from the nose and gums is often observed.

Ascorbic acid is no less useful. The lack of this vitamin is due to a deficiency of fresh fruits, berries and vegetables in the diet. Hypovitaminosis is manifested by increased fragility of mainly small vessels (capillaries). Nosebleeds are observed in severe cases. Depending on age, the daily requirement for vitamin C is mg.

Bleeding due to high intracranial pressure

Rupture of small vessels in the nasal area is possible due to hypertension. Increased intracranial pressure is a common cause of bleeding in children. The following etiological factors are of greatest importance:

  • inability of young children to blow their nose correctly,
  • the presence of a neoplasm (hematoma, tumor),
  • abscesses,
  • aneurysm,
  • swelling due to encephalitis,
  • hepatic encephalopathy,
  • toxic brain damage
  • meningitis,
  • increased blood flow to the brain,
  • hydrocephalus,
  • compression of the brain
  • microcephaly,
  • congenital malformations,
  • birth injuries,
  • infection of the fetus.

Hypertension is manifested by periodic nosebleeds, headaches, visual and oculomotor disturbances, nausea, and vomiting.

Both infants and older children can get sick.

Most often, bleeding occurs against the background of congenital pathology. With chronic hypertension, periodic crises are observed, during which the pressure rises sharply.

Bleeding in chronic atrophic rhinitis

In children 11 years of age and older, the cause may lie in diseases of the nasal cavity. These include chronic atrophic rhinitis.

Teenagers get sick more often. A type of atrophic rhinitis is ozena. In girls, this disease is detected much more often.

This pathology occurs much less frequently in children than in adults.

What causes rhinitis to develop is known only to doctors. The following causes of nosebleeds and atrophy of the nasal mucosa in children are identified:

  • injuries,
  • severe infections
  • diseases of the stomach, intestines and biliary tract,
  • surgical interventions,
  • carrying out radiation therapy,
  • genetic predisposition,
  • living in a dry, hot climate,
  • frequent colds,
  • uncontrolled use of nasal drops.

In the simple form of rhinitis, the symptoms are specific. They include periodic bleeding, runny nose, nasal congestion, difficulty breathing, pale skin, the child breathing through the mouth, the presence of crusts, itching in the nose, and decreased sense of smell.

Rhinitis can be focal or diffuse. The nose may bleed when you blow your nose. The reasons are thinning of the mucous membrane, its dryness and increased capillary fragility. The blood vessels in the nose area lie shallow.

Bleeding due to tumor

There are serious diseases that lead to vascular damage. The causes of nosebleeds in children include tumors. These can be angiofibromas and hemangiomas. This pathology often requires surgical treatment, otherwise bleeding can become constant and lead to anemia. In children 5-12 years old, angiomas are a common pathology.

These tumors account for up to 80% of all cases of congenital neoplasms. They are formed from dilated blood vessels. This pathology can be detected in a newborn. Symptoms are determined by the size of the tumor, its type and the age of the child. The tumor tends to grow.

If bleeding occurs, you should immediately go to the doctor.

Nosebleeds in children indicate the development of complications. This symptom is associated with the formation of ulcerative defects on the mucous membrane, their damage and the penetration of infection. In case of injury to hemangiomas, emergency care may be needed.

Bleeding in hemophilia

In children 3-9 years old and older, hemorrhages are often caused by diathesis. This is a group of pathological conditions caused by impaired hemostasis. Sick children tend to experience constant hemorrhages and bleeding. There are about 300 diathesis.

The most common are those associated with leukemia, hemophilia, von Willebrand disease, disseminated intravascular coagulation, low platelet counts, and vascular defects.

Nosebleeds in childhood are a symptom of hemophilia. This is a hereditary disease characterized by clotting factor deficiency. The first symptoms appear in childhood.

The hereditary form of hemophilia develops only in boys. Much less common is the acquired form of hemophilia, which is caused by a gene mutation. The age of children and symptoms of the disease are interrelated.

Bleeding is caused by a violation of the process of thromboplastin formation. This leads to a significant increase in clotting time. Massive blood loss can be fatal. It is known that a one-year-old child can already walk. This causes nosebleeds. At an earlier age, this symptom is absent.

In children 5-7 years old, the manifestations of hemophilia are more pronounced. This disease is characterized by the following symptoms:

  • prolonged nosebleeds,
  • hematomas,
  • hemarthrosis (accumulation of blood in the joint cavity),
  • hematuria,
  • gastrointestinal bleeding.

The disease becomes a cause of disability. Often soft tissues are also involved in the process. Upon visual examination, multiple bruises are visible on the skin. Sick children twelve years of age and older require lifelong replacement medications. It is impossible to completely cure hemophilia.

Leukemia as a cause of bleeding

In pediatric practice, a disease such as leukemia is often encountered. This is blood cancer. The disease is detected among children and adults of different ages. The child may be one year old or ten years old.

This is a systemic disease that requires chemotherapy. The reason for the development of leukemia in children and bleeding is a change in the structure of chromosomes.

With this pathology, immature blood cells are formed in the bone marrow, which are unable to perform their functions. Girls get sick 1.5 times more often than boys.

This pathology is often detected in children with Down syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome. The acute form of leukemia is manifested by the following symptoms:

  • bleeding (nasal, stomach, intestinal, uterine),
  • signs of body hypoxia,
  • weakness,
  • malaise,
  • enlargement of the liver, spleen and lymph nodes,
  • loss of body weight,
  • joint pain,
  • fever,
  • petechiae on the body.

DIC and anemia often develop. In leukemia, hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells) occurs. Bleeding from cancer is possible from one nostril or from both. The development of hemorrhagic syndrome is based on hyperplasia of vascular cells, an increase in their permeability and impaired functioning of mast cells.

Bleeding in Werlhof's disease

When nosebleeds occur in children, the cause may lie in thrombocytopenic purpura. This is a type of hemorrhagic diathesis.

This pathology is otherwise called Werlhof's disease. Its development is based on a lack of platelets. The first signs of the disease are detected in children of early and preschool age. The baby may appear healthy after birth. Diathesis appears later.

The following reasons for the development of this pathology are identified:

  • taking medications (mercury, hormones),
  • immunization,
  • viral diseases,
  • bacterial infections,
  • irradiation.

Children as young as four years old experience a wide range of symptoms. Bleeding from the gums and nose are the most common signs of Werlhof's disease. They are very intense. Nosebleeds are combined with hematuria, stool disturbances, vomiting, and hemoptysis. Large blood loss leads to acute posthemorrhagic iron deficiency anemia.

Altitude sickness and bleeding

Children are very sensitive to lack of oxygen. Nosebleeds are a common symptom of altitude sickness. This is a condition associated with oxygen starvation. The reason is being at a high altitude above sea level.

The higher, the lower the partial pressure of oxygen. This condition is often observed in teenagers who are interested in hiking, flying airplanes and hot air balloons.

Many older children, over 12 years old, go camping with their parents. When you rise to a height of more than 2 km, symptoms of mountain sickness appear. One of them is nosebleeds. Its occurrence is due to the following changes in the body:

  • hypoxia,
  • increased pressure in blood vessels,
  • venous stagnation,
  • fluid retention,
  • increasing capillary permeability,
  • decrease in blood osmotic pressure.

Mild mountain sickness does not cause nosebleeds. At medium level, they appear. Severe altitude sickness is characterized by severe bleeding from the nose, mouth, stomach and lungs. The condition of such children is unsatisfactory. Along with bleeding, symptoms such as shortness of breath, palpitations, fatigue, weakness, nonproductive cough, bluish skin, abdominal pain, flatulence, chills, and fever are observed.

If these complaints occur, you should consult a doctor. If bleeding does not stop or reoccurs, a comprehensive examination is required. Blood clotting and the condition of vital organs are assessed.

Thus, nosebleeds occur not only in adults, but also in children. It may indicate a serious pathology.

Source: http://gorlonos.ru/nose/simptomatika/na-chto-ukazyvaet-krov-iz-nosa-u-rebenka-prichiny.html