Urolitics

Posted on by admin

The use of mucolytic agents in the treatment of cough

Mocolytic agents dilute sputum and can be used if the patient has a cough accompanied by difficult-to-discharge, viscous and thick sputum.

Table of contents:

These are one of the basic groups of medications that doctors prescribe during the treatment of productive, (“wet”) cough.

There are certain features of the use and activity of drugs from the group of mucolytics:

  • Clinical effectiveness when using expectorant and mucolytic drugs is observed 5-7 days after starting to use the medications.
  • At the beginning of therapy, patients may notice the effect of “imaginary worsening”.
  • The use of mucolytics is not recommended during the treatment of bedridden patients due to the “flooding effect”.

Mucolytic drugs can be thiol-containing, visicinoids, or proteolytic enzymes.

Indications for use, mechanism of action

Patients often wonder: what is mucolytic action? After entering the bronchial mucus, the action of the active components of the drugs is aimed at the destruction of protein molecules that ensure its viscosity and thickness. There is a decrease in the viscosity of mucus and easier removal from the bronchi area - this is a mucolytic effect.

The use of this group of drugs contributes to:

  1. Inhibition of the formation of bronchial secretions.
  2. Restoration of damaged bronchial mucous membranes.
  3. Rehydration of sputum.
  4. Normalization of the elasticity of lung tissue.
  5. Stimulation of the removal of sputum from the lumens of the bronchial tree.

Mucolytics are included in the group of expectorants and can be used to detect viscous, mucous or mucopurulent sputum that is difficult to separate.

Such medications are used in the complex treatment of diseases affecting the lower respiratory tract:

  • Bronchiectasis.
  • Acute and chronic obstructive bronchitis.
  • Tracheitis.
  • Pneumonia.
  • Bronchial asthma.
  • Bronchiolitis.
  • Cystic fibrosis.

The main feature of drugs in this group is that while the sputum is diluted, the active substances do not contribute to an increase in its volume.

In case of a productive, wet, profuse cough, the prescription of medications whose action is aimed at thinning the sputum is not required. It is also not recommended to combine this group of mucolytics with antitussive drugs.

Classification by active substance

Mucolytics are drugs that help thin sputum.

Modern pharmacology provides the following list of mucolytic drugs:

  • Medicines that help accelerate the removal of sputum based on bromhexidine and ambroxol.
  • Medicines that help reduce mucus formation.
  • Medicines based on acetylcysteine ​​help to influence the quality of viscosity and elasticity of bronchial mucus.

Mucolytic cough suppressants may also contribute to direct and indirect effects.

With direct exposure, rapid destruction of the polymer bonds of mucus, which is located in the bronchi, is observed.

Your doctor may recommend using:

  • Acetylcysteine ​​(ACC), Mucaltin, Mucomista, Mukobene, Fluimucil, infusion of marshmallow root, plantain leaves, coltsfoot, marshmallow.
  • Enzyme preparations that reduce the viscosity of sputum: Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Ribonuclease, Streptokinase.
  • Carbocysteines: Mucopronta, Mucosola, Broncatara.

If it is necessary to provide an indirect effect, the following may be recommended:

  • Bromhexine: Broxin, Fulpen, Bisolvon, Phlegamine.
  • Ambroxol: Amrosana, Ambrobene, Lasolvana, Medoventa.
  • Antihistamines and anticholinergic drugs that help change the productivity of the bronchial glands.

Patients are advised to refrain from self-medication. If a cough occurs, you should consult a doctor and find out the exact cause of the symptom. A suitable treatment regimen will be prescribed after an in-person examination and a comprehensive examination.

Mucolytics with acetylcysteine

Mucolytic drugs based on acetylcysteine ​​are among the most active. Available in the form of tablets or powders for internal use.

When dissolving the medicine, the manufacturer recommends using glass containers. The drug is taken immediately after the main meal.

The active component is included in the following products:

It is recommended to refrain from using drugs based on acetylcysteine:

  1. During the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma, since there is a risk of bronchospasm.
  2. With exacerbation of stomach and duodenal ulcers.
  3. During treatment of patients under 2 years of age.
  4. When treating pregnant and lactating women.

The combination of acetylcysteine ​​with drugs that include nitroglycerin enhances the vasodilatory effect and antiplatelet properties.

Antibiotics based on cephalosporin, tetracycline and penicillin are recommended to be used no earlier than a few hours after using acetylcysteine.

Mucolytics with bromhexine

Bromhexine helps to liquefy sputum and has a weak antitussive effect. I use the drugs in the treatment of acute and chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, tracheobronchitis.

This active substance is included in the following drugs:

It is recommended to take the tablets orally, after meals, with a sufficient amount of liquid. The duration of use of the medicine is determined by the doctor, taking into account the therapeutic effect and indications for use.

  • Under the influence of Bromhexine and Ambroxol, the processes of production of substances that cover the mucous membranes of the bronchi (surfactant) are activated, which prevent small villi that promote mucous formations from the bronchi from sticking together.
  • Bromhexine enhances the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy.
  • If you use a combination of mucolytics with herbal expectorants, an increase in the positive therapeutic effect is observed.

In order to enhance the mucolytic effect, preparations based on bromhexidine and ambroxol are recommended to be taken with fruit juice.

Mucolytics with carbocisteine

Medicines based on carbocisteine ​​are used in the complex treatment of bronchitis, whooping cough, bronchial asthma, otitis, and sinusitis. Pharmacological activity is similar to acetylcysteine; the active substance is part of the following drugs:

The use of Carbocisteine ​​is permissible in the treatment of patients with a history of bronchial asthma. Unlike drugs that contain acetylcysteine, carbocysteine ​​does not contribute to the development of bronchospasms.

Mucolytics with ambroxol

Bromhexine is a prodrug, and Ambroxol is an active metabolite of Bromhexine.

Ambroxol, like Bromhexine, is a synthetic analogue of the alkaloid vizicine, obtained from the plant Justitia vascularis.

This substance is included in drugs with the following trade names:

  • Lazolvan in the form of tablets and capsules for internal use, solution for inhalation, syrup for adults and children, lozenges for resorption.
  • Neo-Bronchol in the form of lozenges.
  • Flavamed in the form of tablets and solution for internal use.
  • Flavamed Max in the form of effervescent tablets.
  • Ambrosan - tablets for internal use.
  • Ambroxol in the form of tablets and syrup for internal use.
  • Halixol in the form of tablets and syrup for oral administration.
  • Vicks active abromed is a syrup for oral administration.
  • Ambrohexal – syrup, solution, tablets.

It is recommended to refrain from using drugs based on ambroxol when treating patients with gastric ulcers, convulsive syndrome, bronchial motility disorders, large volumes of secretions (due to the risk of developing mucus stagnation in the bronchi), during the 1st trimester of pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Mucolytics with a combined composition

Mucolytics with a combined composition contain several active components that mutually enhance each other's therapeutic effects.

  • Codelac Broncho with thyme is a combined mucolytic with ambroxol, sodium glycyrrhizinate, and liquid thyme extract. Can be used in the treatment of children from 2 years of age. It has an expectorant, antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory effect. Not recommended for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
  • Ascoril expectorant is a drug based on bromhexine, salbutamol, guaifenesin, and racementol. Available in syrup form for internal use. The combination of active ingredients with salbutamol prevents and eliminates the development of bronchospasms. This drug is used in the treatment of obstructive bronchitis and bronchial asthma. Among the contraindications are the period of pregnancy and breastfeeding, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, the development of decompensated diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, exacerbation of gastric and duodenal ulcers.

The doctor may also recommend the use of Joset (syrup), cough tablets, Codelac Broncho.

Ribonuclease

One of the expectorants that help thin sputum and have an anti-inflammatory effect are enzyme preparations, for example, Ribonuclease. The active substance is obtained from the pancreas of cattle.

The mechanism of action of enzyme preparations is associated with their ability to:

  • Act only in the area of ​​necrotic tissue and viscous secretions. Such drugs do not demonstrate effectiveness in healthy tissue.
  • Break down peptide bonds in protein molecules.
  • Reduce the viscoelastic properties of sputum.

The use of the drug may cause the development of allergic reactions and irritation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. Due to the high risk of developing bronchospasms, this type of mucolytics is prescribed in rare cases.

Mucolytic drugs are often used in complex treatment of the respiratory system. The selection of medications is carried out strictly individually, taking into account the patient’s age, the nature of the pathological process and the mechanism of pharmacological action of the drug.

Related materials:

MD is a respected leader in the fields of smoking cessation and pulmonary medicine. He has more than 20 years of experience in practicing medicine and treating pulmonary diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Similar articles

List of bronchodilators and recommendations for their use

How to choose inexpensive but effective cough tablets

Features of the use of antibiotics in injections

Chlorhexidine for gargling: instructions for use and how to properly dilute the solution

Nasonex: cheap analogues to replace the drug and their comparison with the original

List of effective antiviral agents for children of all ages

Add a comment Cancel comment

Search by symptoms

Body temperature. 5 reasons and what does it mean? Recommendations from specialists and methods of treatment

Causes of coughing up blood and what to do in this situation

Dry cough in an adult: effective treatment with drugs

All materials on the site, including medical reports and any other health-related information, are provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as a specific diagnosis or treatment plan for any particular situation. Use of the site and the information contained on it does not constitute a call to action. Always seek the direct advice of your health care provider with any questions you may have regarding your own health or the health of others. Do not self-medicate.

Source: http://pneumoniae.net/mukoliticheskie-sredstva/

Medicines for urolithiasis

Leave a comment 8,688

At the slightest suspicion of the presence of stones or sand in the kidneys, you should immediately consult a doctor. In this case, drugs for the treatment of urolithiasis play a major role. Based on the general state of health and the course of the disease, the attending physician will prescribe a list of necessary medications. Taking medications helps the stones pass quickly, while minimizing symptoms. Self-medication in this case is prohibited, as it provokes complications in the human body.

Antispasmodics and analgesics for stones

The first symptom of the presence of stones or sand in the organs of the genitourinary system is pain. When formations emerge or move, it reaches its highest degree. To relieve colic, drug intervention is required. To do this, the attending physician prescribes antispasmodic drugs and analgesics. For people prone to urolithiasis, such medications should always be present in the home medicine cabinet, since colic is sudden and cramping in nature. More often than others, Papaverine is prescribed for kidney stones. The medicine relieves muscle spasm of organs and blood vessels. It has a minimum of contraindications and side effects on the body. Approved for use by pregnant and lactating women.

Antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs

Fluoroquinolones

The fluoroquinolones group are drugs that have been used since the 60s. The difference from other antibacterial agents is the effect on highly drug-resistant strains of microorganisms. Their principle of operation is based on changing and blocking the DNA of bacteria. Medicines from the fluoroquinolones group, widely used for urolithiasis, are:

  • "Ofloxacin" has a negative effect on microbial cells, preventing them from dividing, which leads to the death of the bacterium. It has a number of contraindications. Prohibited for use by pregnant and lactating women, as well as children. This is associated with many adverse reactions.
  • Lomefloxacin is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial drug. Its substances are integrated into the DNA of the microorganism and destroy cells from the inside. The product is effective for diseases of the urinary system, including the presence of stones. The dosage is calculated by the doctor based on test results and the course of the disease. Prohibited during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as for persons under 18 years of age.

Return to contents

Cephalosporins

Cephalosporins represent the most extensive group of drugs in terms of the number of drugs. Their action is aimed at creating disturbances in the structure of the bacterial cell wall. Low toxicity and high results have led to the frequent use of these antibiotics in medicine. Medicines for urolithiasis from the cephalosporin group:

  • "Ceftazidime" is a drug of the 3rd generation. Effective for severe infections when the underlying cause is unknown. Injections are allowed for children from birth. Before prescribing, pregnant and lactating women should weigh the possible consequences.
  • "Cefepime" belongs to the IV generation drugs. It has an effect on almost all types of bacteria. If the causative agent of the disease is not identified, then the Cefepime injection is recommended as a universal drug, including for urolithiasis. In pediatrics, use begins at 2 months. Pregnant women are prescribed the drug subject to careful monitoring.

Return to contents

Aminoglycosides

The aminoglycoside group was discovered in the 1940s. The mechanism of action of medications is a targeted disruption of protein synthesis in microorganisms. The downside is the relatively small list of susceptible bacteria. Treatment of urolithiasis is carried out with the following drugs:

  • Amikacin has many indications for use, including stones in the genitourinary system. Before starting use, you should determine the reaction of the pathogen to the antibiotic. The dosage and number of doses is determined by the attending physician. The drug is administered intramuscularly. Used in pediatrics to treat newborns and premature babies, the body's reaction should be carefully monitored. Contraindicated for liver problems.
  • "Gentamicin" is active against many bacteria, therefore it is widely used for therapeutic purposes. Available in powder form for dilution and further administration into a muscle or vein. In pediatrics it is used only in severe cases.

Return to contents

Carbapenems

The active ingredients of drugs belonging to the carbapenem group destroy the cell walls of bacteria, which leads to their death. This effect contributes to an active influence on many types of microorganisms. Effective pharmacotherapy for urolithiasis with carbapenems includes:

  • Meropenem is prescribed for a number of diseases caused by bacteria. Used by injection into a vein. It is prohibited for use by children under 3 months, pregnant and lactating women. Prescribe with caution to people with gastrointestinal problems. The dose is calculated by the attending physician.
  • The combination “Imipenem” + “Cilastatin” is prescribed for a number of infectious diseases. Prohibited for use by people with liver problems, pregnant and nursing mothers, and children under 3 months. Available in powder form for preparation of a solution and further administration into a vein using a dropper.

Return to contents

Anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal drugs

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have the ability to reduce pain, body temperature, relieve inflammation and fever. The advantage of their use is the minimum of negative reactions from the body. If there are stones in the organs, it makes sense to prescribe them to combat the resulting inflammation. The most famous are:

  • Diclofenac is an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug. It also has the property of lowering body temperature. Contraindicated for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Your doctor will help determine the dosage and duration of use.
  • "Ketoprofen" has the effects inherent in anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drugs, including painkillers. It has several release forms, which helps to correctly calculate and use the prescribed dose. Prohibited when carrying a child and during breastfeeding.

Return to contents

Diuretics

The main function of the kidneys is to process and remove excess fluid and salts of harmful substances from the body. It is swelling that becomes the first symptom of a malfunction of the organ. Diuretics for kidney stones can only be prescribed by the attending physician, provided that the formations are small in size. For correct and effective treatment with diuretics, the nature of the stones should be determined. Thus, for formations of calcium and phosphate types, potassium-sparing diuretics or infusions of medicinal plants will be effective. Thiazide diuretics are used to treat oxalate stones. In addition to the nature of the stones, an important factor is the general health and stage of the disease. In the initial stages, good results can be achieved by consuming foods with diuretic properties.

What should I take from preparations containing herbal ingredients?

Synthetic drugs for urolithiasis show good results and are among the most effective. However, along with this, they have many contraindications and negative consequences for the body. Analogues of such medicines are products based on herbal components. When using them, good results are observed with a minimum of adverse reactions. The advantages of such drugs include permission for use by children and pregnant women. Their negative side is the possible intolerance to the herbs and plants that are included in the composition. Therefore, it is recommended to consult a doctor before use.

"Canephron"

Canephron tablets consist of a combination of medicinal plants that effectively fight inflammatory processes in the genitourinary system. When diagnosed with urolithiasis, the drug is prescribed to remove crushed stones and sand. In addition to the anti-inflammatory effect, the tablets help relieve muscle spasms and remove excess fluid from the body. "Canephron" is prescribed as an independent medicine or as an adjunct to general therapy. The dosage and frequency of administration are determined by the attending physician based on laboratory tests and general medical history. The maximum daily dose is 6 tablets for adults and 3 for children over 10 years of age. Due to the herbal composition, these tablets for urolithiasis are prescribed to pregnant and lactating women. Patients with diabetes mellitus should take it with caution.

"Cyston" for urolithiasis

"Cyston" belongs to a group of drugs with antiseptic properties. In addition, its effectiveness has been proven in removing stones and sand from the genitourinary system. Used as an adjunct to primary therapy for infectious diseases. The completely natural composition of the medication explains the absence of contraindications to it. However, before taking it, you should make sure that you are not allergic to its ingredients. Otherwise, itching, spots and rashes on the skin may occur. The average dosage for an adult is 2 tablets 2-3 times a day. Children under 18 years of age can use the product only under the supervision of a pediatrician.

"Cistenal"

The drug has diuretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used as a medicine for the treatment of urolithiasis. Contraindications are kidney problems and stomach ulcers. Available in the form of drops, which are applied to a piece of sugar before use. The dosage is calculated by the attending physician; on average, it is 3-4 drops during remission and up to 10 during an attack. With the approval of a doctor, the drug is approved for pregnant and lactating women.

"Enatin" for the treatment of urolithiasis

The drug has a combined effect, helps relieve the inflammatory process, improves the release of bile and excess fluid, and also relieves muscle spasms. Effective for the treatment and prevention of urolithiasis. It is prohibited to prescribe medication for peptic ulcers, problems with urination and impaired kidney function. Release form: capsules, taken up to 5 times a day before meals. To prevent illness, 1 pill per day is enough.

"Phytolysin"

“Phytolysin” has antimicrobial, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and other effects on the body. The herbal components included in the preparations effectively fight stones and sand in the organs of the genitourinary system, therefore the product is prescribed as a medicine for urolithiasis of the kidneys. The medication has a number of contraindications, the implementation of which will minimize adverse reactions. “Fitolysin” is produced in the form of a paste, which is diluted in water at room temperature immediately before use. If desired, you can add honey or other sweetener. The drug is used in pediatrics, even for newborns. Self-use of the product is unacceptable, as it can lead to negative reactions in the body.

"Avisan" - a drug for stones

The product is intended to relieve muscle spasms. Thanks to the composition, it promotes the movement of stones and their easy exit. Contraindications include problems with the cardiovascular system and individual intolerance to the components. Possible side symptoms include indigestion, but this is not a reason to discontinue the drug. The correct dosage and duration of use is determined by the attending physician.

"Artemizol"

The drug has properties aimed at removing stones from the genitourinary system. Along with taking Artemizol, it is recommended to follow a diet for urolithiasis. The release form is drops that are applied to a piece of sugar before taking. The average duration of treatment is up to 20 days. The exact dosage and time of administration are determined by the attending physician.

    [block id=”15"]

Copying site materials is possible without prior approval if you install an active indexed link to our site.

Attention! The information published on the site is for informational purposes only and does not constitute a recommendation for use. Be sure to consult with your doctor!

Source: http://etopochki.ru/mkb/lechenie/preparaty-dlya-lecheniya-mochekamennoj-bolezni.html

Mucolytics and expectorants: what is the difference, popular drugs

Almost all colds, inflammatory diseases of a bacterial or viral nature, are accompanied by a cough. Depending on the nature of the pathology and the physiological state of the lungs and bronchi, the cough may be accompanied by sputum (wet) or not accompanied by secretions (dry).

Modern pharmaceutical companies offer many products to help cope with coughs of various etiologies and prevent its unpleasant consequences.

What are expectorants and mucolytics used for?

Dry cough is considered the most dangerous for the body. A sharp contraction of the bronchi without secretion of the product leads to various pathological conditions. In the absence of sputum production, the cough reflex causes a lot of suffering. Moisturizing the respiratory mucosa is vital for the body, since this secretion helps the internal organs protect themselves from the negative effects of pathogenic microorganisms and dangerous factors of the external and internal environment.

A cough with a large amount of mucus discharge can also be life-threatening, since the production of mucus by the bronchi more than is physiologically necessary leads to blockage of the airways and serious difficulty breathing in the future. Accumulating in the bronchi, sputum can gradually thicken and harden, accumulating harmful substances and provoking the risk of developing a more serious condition for the patient.

It is in the mechanism of action on the lungs and bronchi that the main difference between expectorants and mucolytic drugs lies.

Expectorants promote active mucus production. They act on the cough center of the brain and help the bronchi contract more intensely, removing phlegm out.

Mucolytic agents are used in cases where, during the course of the disease, too much sputum is produced and at the same time it has an extremely dangerous, viscous and thick consistency. Mucolytics are needed to break down the molecular bonds inside the sputum, making it more liquid and accessible to natural elimination from the body.

After the mucus becomes easily separated and its passage through the respiratory tract does not cause difficulties, doctors recommend either switching from mucolytics to expectorants, or immediately prescribing a combination drug that can have several therapeutic effects on the human respiratory system.

Types of expectorants

Expectorants are also called “secretomotor”, since they are the ones that can start the process of mucus secretion and ease the internal condition of the human respiratory organs.

Depending on the mechanism of action of expectorant drugs, experts divide such drugs into two groups:

  1. reflex drugs;
  2. direct acting drugs.

Reflex-action drugs actively affect the receptors responsible for the secretion of secreted sputum. This occurs due to preliminary irritation of the stomach receptors and an active effect on the cough center of the medulla oblongata. This mechanism of action helps to enhance the severity of the cough reflex and accelerate the synthesis of liquid bronchial secretions.

as reflexive drugs :

  • Liquorice root . It is used both in the form of a decoction and in the form of a syrup prepared with the addition of sugar and ethyl alcohol. Additionally, pediatricians recommend giving children licorice-based lollipops as maintenance therapy. The root of this medicinal plant contains a powerful saponin component - glycyrrhizin. This active substance stimulates the activity of the glandular epithelium, helping the bronchi secrete a sufficient amount of mucus. In addition, the steroid compounds contained in licorice root help to provide an additional calming, wound-healing and anti-inflammatory effect on the tissues of the respiratory system, which greatly facilitates the course of the disease.
  • Preparations based on thermopsis extract . The effect of these drugs is similar to that of drugs made from licorice root due to a similar mechanism of action. Thermopsis root is included in a large number of medicines, such as tablets with dry extract, brewing powder, Cough tablets, Thermopsol. Thermopsis extract can also be found in combined medicinal tablets and syrups: Amtersol, Codelac, Codelac Broncho, Codelac Neo, Dry Cough Medicine. The dosage form of the drug and the method of administration are chosen based not only on the age and clinical condition of the patient, but also based on his preferences for taking pharmacological agents.
  • Preparations containing sodium benzoate . This active substance is never used in multicomponent form, only as part of combined pharmacological agents. The most popular of them are Dry Cough Mixture and Amtersol. Sodium benzoate inhibits the activity of dangerous enzymes and can have an active effect on the processes of mucus separation and sputum removal from the body.

It can provoke a large number of side effects and allergic reactions, so pharmaceuticals containing sodium benzoate are used with caution, under the supervision of a doctor.

  • Essential oils : terpene and eucalyptus. The most well-known preparations containing a large number of such oils are Eucabal, Doctor Mom, as well as herbal cough medicines with a high percentage of essential oil raw materials. These active substances have an expectorant and anti-inflammatory effect, acting both on the receptors responsible for the production of mucus and directly on the epithelium lining the surface of the respiratory organs.

Direct-acting expectorants help to strengthen the liquid component of sputum, significantly facilitating its separation. The main side effect of these active substances is increased snot secretion and lacrimation, since the drug can affect the viscosity of any physiological fluids of the body. Such drugs are considered classic or even outdated, and therefore are used quite rarely: sodium and potassium iodides, ammonia, anise essential oil.

The exceptions are oregano and wild rosemary, which are part of popular antitussive preparations, and are also contained in combined cough medicines: Doctor Mom, Bronchofit, etc.

Types of mucolytic agents

Mucolytic agents are classified mainly by their composition, since their mechanism of action is very similar: diluting the composition of sputum, changing its composition to something more easily separated from the surface of the bronchi and lungs, and gradually removing excess secretions from the body.

Among mucolytics, experts especially highlight the following drugs:

  • Guaifenesin preparations . This active substance can significantly reduce the degree of surface tension of pulmonary secretion and its density. Guaifenesin helps with moderate wet cough and mild bronchitis. Among the medicines containing this mucolytic component, the following are quite popular: Ascoril, Vicks Active Symptomax, Joset, Cashnol, Codelac Broncho, Tussin Plus.
  • Mucoregulator drugs : drugs with a high content of acetylcysteine ​​and carbocysteine. These drugs, in addition to being mucolytic, can stimulate the motor activity of epithelial cilia and provoke accelerated removal of sputum from the body. Thanks to the combination of motor and anti-inflammatory effects, taking medications containing acetylcysteine ​​and carbocysteine ​​will help cure not only cough, but also significantly reduce nasal congestion. Popular mucoregulators: ACC, Libexin, Acestin, Vicks Active Expectomed, Fluimucil, Fluditec.
  • Mucokinetics. This is an extensive list of drugs, the main effect of which is on the glandular cells in the tissues of the lungs and bronchi. They help produce the liquid component of sputum, as well as the production of surfactant - a substance that promotes the opening of the alveoli, freeing breathing and easier removal of excess secretions from the lungs. Mucokinetics can be used either as a monocomponent or as part of medications containing many active substances for a complex effect on the bronchi. These medications are considered the most popular and are actively prescribed by medical specialists for patients of all ages: Bromhexine, Ambrobene, Lazolvan, Flavamed, Bronchoxol.

To achieve the fastest effect, medical specialists recommend using mucolytic agents as inhalations, in special dosage forms for direct inhalation. This will significantly facilitate absorption processes and will not waste unnecessary time on the release of active metabolites directly in the body.

Despite the fact that almost all cough medications are available without a doctor’s prescription, before use it is advisable to consult with a specialist to select the most effective pharmacological agent in each specific clinical case.

If desired, the use of chemical medications can be combined with popular folk remedies and herbal antitussives. However, you need to remember that herbs may also be incompatible with the active pharmacological components of the medication you are taking. Before use, you should carefully read the instructions not only to become familiar with the mechanism of action and side effects, but also to find out exactly how to take this medicine and what additional therapeutic measures it combines well with.

Kuznetsova Irina, medical observer

1,326 total views, 3 views today

Related Posts
Hyssop officinalis: beneficial properties, indications, contraindications
Augmentin: instructions for use, dosage
Potency enhancing drugs: review of effective remedies
  • Allergology (43)
  • Andrology (104)
  • Uncategorized (2)
  • Vascular diseases (20)
  • Venereology (63)
  • Gastroenterology (151)
  • Hematology (38)
  • Gynecology (112)
  • Dermatology (119)
  • Diagnostics (144)
  • Immunology (1)
  • Infectious diseases (138)
  • Infographics (1)
  • Cardiology (56)
  • Cosmetology (182)
  • Mammology (17)
  • Mother and child (173)
  • Medicines (310)
  • Neurology (120)
  • Emergency conditions (82)
  • Oncology (60)
  • Orthopedics and traumatology (112)
  • Otorhinolaryngology (86)
  • Ophthalmology (42)
  • Parasitology (31)
  • Pediatrics (155)
  • Food (382)
  • Plastic surgery (9)
  • Useful information (1)
  • Proctology (56)
  • Psychiatry (66)
  • Psychology (27)
  • Pulmonology (58)
  • Rheumatology (27)
  • Sexology (24)
  • Dentistry (57)
  • Therapy (77)
  • Urology (99)
  • Herbal medicine (21)
  • Surgery (90)
  • Endocrinology (97)

The information is provided for informational purposes only. Do not self-medicate. At the first sign of disease, consult a doctor. There are contraindications, a doctor's consultation is required. The site may contain content prohibited for viewing by persons under 18 years of age.

Source: http://okeydoc.ru/mukolitiki-i-otxarkivayushhie-sredstva-v-chem-raznica-populyarnye-preparaty/

Ask the doctor!

Diseases, consultations, diagnosis and treatment

Expectorant and mucolytic drugs: review of drugs

Increased formation (hypersecretion) of mucus in the respiratory tract accompanies many acute infections, as well as bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive disease and other pulmonary pathologies. In this case, it is necessary to take mucoactive agents. Their main purpose is to improve expectoration of mucus and/or reduce its formation.

Mucoactive drugs are divided according to their mode of action into expectorants, mucoregulators, mucolytics and mucokinetics. You can classify them into other groups, but this approach makes it possible to more accurately select the drug needed for coughing.

A little about sputum formation

Accumulation of mucus due to inflammation of the airway wall

In healthy people, mucus is secreted in normal quantities and is continuously removed by ciliated epithelial cells towards the larynx, and then enters the nasopharynx and is swallowed. Increased mucus secretion in the respiratory system can become a problem, especially if the rate of secretion exceeds the speed of movement of mucus particles by ciliated epithelial cells.

Hypersecretion of mucus is a characteristic sign of acute respiratory infections, as well as bronchial asthma, COPD and chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis. During inflammation caused by infection, there is an increase in the number and size of so-called goblet cells located in the submucosal glands. Secretory hyperactivity occurs.

Inflammation causes loss of function and destruction of epithelial cilia, changes in the physicochemical properties of the mucous membrane and disruption of the normal composition of sputum. During this process, dead bacteria and immune cells and desquamated epithelium accumulate, forming pus.

Mucus, which forms the basis of sputum, is an oligomer that consists of water and high molecular weight proteins that form a gel. Medicines that change the physical or chemical characteristics of sputum are called mucoactive and, depending on the main effect, are divided into groups.

Expectorants

These medications make it easier to cough up mucus.

Thermopsis

Thermopsis cough tablets are a popular expectorant.

The herb of this plant has a reflex effect when coughing. It moderately irritates the inner wall of the stomach, as a result of which not only gastric, but also bronchial secretion increases reflexively. The amount of sputum increases, it becomes more liquid and is easier to cough up. Thermopsis alkaloids stimulate the respiratory center, activating cough. When consumed in high doses, the vomiting center may also be stimulated.

Thermopsis grass is often used in combination with soda (sodium bicarbonate). This substance additionally stimulates mucus production, thinning phlegm.

Other medicinal plants act in the same way, reflexively enhancing bronchial secretion (licorice, marshmallow). They are used for coughs with difficult to clear sputum due to tracheitis and bronchitis. Their side effect is nausea; these drugs should not be used for gastric ulcers and individual intolerance.

Thermopsis herb is included in the following medicinal products:

  • Amtersol (syrup);
  • Codelac and Codelac Broncho;
  • Codelac Phyto (elixir);
  • dry cough syrup;
  • cough tablets;
  • Thermopsol.

Guaifenesin

This substance reduces the surface tension of sputum and makes it more fluid. In addition, it reduces its adhesive (“sticky”) properties. The viscosity of sputum decreases and it is easier to expectorate.

Medicines containing guaifenesin are prescribed for diseases with a moderate wet cough, late stage tracheitis and mild bronchitis. Side effects include nausea, stomach pain, and diarrhea. Guaifenesin has a mild anxiolytic effect, so it can cause dizziness and drowsiness. Allergic symptoms are also possible.

Medicines with guaifenesin should not be taken if you have a cough with a large amount of sputum, with stomach ulcers, previous gastric bleeding, in children under 2 years of age, or with intolerance. While taking these medications, it is recommended to drink more fluids and do a vibration massage of the chest. Sometimes the metabolic products of this substance cause pink coloration of urine, this is not dangerous. Guaifenesin should not be taken simultaneously with psychotropic drugs and alcohol.

Coldrex Broncho and Tussin syrups contain only guaifenesin. It is also part of multi-component products:

Mucoregulators

Drugs in this group change the amount of sputum produced. These include carbocisteine, anticholinergics, glucocorticoids and macrolide antibiotics.

Carbocisteine

Libexin Muco syrup contains carbocisteine.

This substance has a variety of pharmacological effects:

  • destroys chemical bonds between molecules that form mucus;
  • changes the electrical charge of sputum mucopolysaccharides, activates the production of sialomucins;
  • activates the movement of epithelial cilia;
  • reduces the viscous properties of sputum;
  • improves the release of mucus from the paranasal sinuses;
  • has anti-inflammatory properties.

Carbocisteine ​​is indicated for the production of copious viscous sputum. These are bronchitis, broncho-obstructive syndrome, asthma, bronchiectasis, whooping cough. In addition, it is used in the treatment of sinusitis and inflammation of the middle ear, as well as before bronchoscopy or bronchography.

This substance is well tolerated. Only sometimes, after its administration, there may be disturbances in the functioning of the stomach, loose stools or signs of bleeding. Skin rash or itching is possible.

  • exacerbation of gastric and duodenal ulcers;
  • chronic glomerulonephritis of any etiology in the acute stage;
  • 1st trimester of pregnancy;
  • individual intolerance.

Carbocisteine ​​can be prescribed to children starting from 1 month in the appropriate dosage.

Medicines containing this substance:

  • Bronchobos (syrup and capsules);
  • Libexin Muco (syrup);
  • Fluifort (syrup and soluble granules);
  • Fluditec (syrup).

Anticholinergic drugs (ipratropium bromide), glucocorticoids, and macrolides also have moderate mucoregulatory properties. However, the main effects of these drugs are different, so they are not used for the direct purpose of changing the characteristics of sputum.

Mucolytics

These agents reduce the viscosity of sputum, giving it “fluidity.” They are used if the sputum is too thick.

Acetylcysteine

Acetylcysteine ​​thins mucus

The substance directly affects long molecules and breaks the chemical bonds between them. As a result, the polymer properties of mucus weaken and its viscosity decreases. Acetylcysteine ​​is also active against purulent sputum, which distinguishes it from many other drugs.

The substance has an antioxidant effect, that is, it protects cell membranes from the harmful effects of toxins and metabolic products. It enhances the body's production of glutathione, a substance that actively removes toxins and free radicals.

Acetylcysteine ​​is prescribed for viscous and/or mucopurulent sputum in the following cases:

  • inflammation of the trachea, bronchi, lungs;
  • bronchiectasis;
  • pulmonary atelectasis;
  • cystic fibrosis;
  • asthma;
  • sinusitis.

It can also be prescribed to children starting from 2 years old. Possible side effects:

  • rarely – stomach pathology, diarrhea;
  • rash and itching of the skin, bronchospasm;
  • when used in a nebulizer - severe cough, stomatitis;
  • nose bleed;
  • noise in ears.

Acetylcysteine ​​is contraindicated in cases of exacerbation of gastric and duodenal ulcers, hemoptysis, pregnancy and breastfeeding, and in case of drug intolerance. It is necessary to take a 2 hour break between taking this substance and antibiotics.

List of products with acetylcysteine:

  • Acestin (regular and soluble tablets);
  • Acetylcysteine ​​(powder and soluble tablets);
  • ACC (soluble granules, syrup);
  • ACC 100 (soluble tablets);
  • ACC Inject (solution for deep intramuscular or intravenous administration);
  • ACC Long (soluble tablets);
  • Vicks Active Expectomed (soluble tablets);
  • N-Ac-Ratiopharm (powder and soluble tablets);
  • Fluimucil (solutions for oral administration, for inhalation and injection, soluble granules and tablets).

Dornase alpha

The modern drug Pulmozyme is used as a mucolytic for cystic fibrosis. It is based on a genetically engineered enzyme that cleaves extracellular DNA.

When such an aerosol enters the bronchi and lungs, the viscous, purulent, with altered properties of sputum in cystic fibrosis is broken down and liquefied, which significantly enhances its excretion.

In addition to cystic fibrosis, dornase alfa can be used for bronchiectasis, severe COPD, congenital lung malformations, and pneumonia due to immunodeficiencies.

Side effects of this drug are extremely rare and the frequency is the same as with placebo (a neutral, non-drug). Most patients who experience any adverse effects associated with the use of Pulmozyme can continue to use it. This aerosol is administered using a special device - a jet nebulizer. It is contraindicated only in case of individual intolerance.

Erdostein

Erdomed - a modern cough medicine

This substance is the basis of the drug Erdomed, produced in capsules and soluble granules. Such a mucolytic was synthesized quite recently. In addition to mucolytic and antioxidant properties, it reduces the ability of bacteria to “stick” to the wall of the respiratory organs. The drug is used in the treatment of bronchitis, COPD, bronchiectasis, sinusitis and other conditions with thick sputum. It is especially indicated for use in smokers.

  • age up to 2 years;
  • 1st trimester of pregnancy;
  • for granules – phenylketonuria;
  • homocystinuria;
  • liver or kidney failure;
  • individual intolerance.

Side effects are rare. This is an allergic reaction, nausea, vomiting and loose stools.

Mucokinetics

These drugs are used for obsessive, unproductive coughs to enhance mucus removal and cleanse the bronchi. They act primarily on the cilia of the epithelium, and also reduce the “adhesion” between the mucous membrane and sputum particles. These drugs are ambroxol and bromhexine.

Ambroxol

This remedy makes phlegm liquid and clears the bronchi from it. By acting on glandular cells, ambroxol enhances the production of the liquid part of mucus. Under its influence, the amount of surfactant in the lungs increases, ensuring the expansion of the alveoli. The drug activates the work of epithelial cilia. Cough under its influence decreases slightly.

You can use the medicine from birth. It is well tolerated, only occasionally causing stomach upset or allergies.

Ambroxol is contraindicated in the following cases:

List of ambroxol drugs:

  • Ambrobene (capsules, solution for oral administration and nebulizer, tablets, syrup, solution for intravenous administration);
  • Ambrohexal;
  • Ambroxol;
  • Ambrolor;
  • Ambrosan;
  • Bronchoxol;
  • Bronchorus;
  • Lazolvan;
  • Lazongin;
  • Medox;
  • Neo-bronchol;
  • Remebrox;
  • Suprima-Kof;
  • Thoraxol Solution Tablets;
  • Flavamed;
  • Halixol.

Bromhexine

Bromhexine is a safe cough medicine

Its chemical structure is very similar to ambroxol. It is used to combat viscous sputum in tracheitis, bronchitis, asthma, cystic fibrosis and COPD.

The drug is used for oral administration and nebulizer inhalation. Its effect develops gradually, often only after a few days of use. However, low toxicity and the possibility of use in children of any age make bromhexine a popular mucokinetic drug.

Possible side effects: nausea, stomach discomfort, headache, dizziness, skin rash, sweating, bronchospasm.

The only contraindication is individual intolerance to the drug, which distinguishes it favorably from ambroxol.

List of drugs based on bromhexine:

Multi-component products

For persistent coughs, medications containing several ingredients that mutually enhance the effect are often used.

Essential oils of fennel, anise, oregano, mint, eucalyptus

Dry thermopsis extract

Chlorphenamine (antiallergic component)

Phenylephrine hydrochloride (vasoconstrictor)

Many of these medications are available without a doctor's prescription. Therefore, it is worth studying the specifics of their purpose before purchasing at a pharmacy and choosing the most suitable medicine for yourself. Here we do not dwell on herbal medicine and non-drug methods for treating cough.

Source: http://ask-doctors.ru/otxarkivayushhie-i-mukoliticheskie-preparaty-obzor-sredstv/