Preparations with bacteriophages

What are bacteriophages and what are they used for?

The achievements of modern medicine and pharmaceuticals are great, but pathogenic microorganisms are also constantly improving and adapting to the action of those drugs that were deadly to them just a couple of years ago.

Table of contents:

• What are bacteriophages and what are they used for?
• What are bacteriophages
• Advantages
• Indications
• Methods of application
• Contraindications
• Bacteriophage preparations
• Add a comment Cancel reply
• New articles
• Preparations with bacteriophages
• Bacteriophage preparations: their use, advantages and disadvantages
• Types of bacteriophages
• What are they used for?
• Mechanism of action of bacteriophages
• Advantages and disadvantages of bacteriophages
• Bacteriophage preparations
• Comparison of bacteriophages and antibiotics
• Is it possible to take bacteriophage preparations for prevention?
• MEDICINES BASED ON BACTERIOPHAGES (Part 2)
• Bacteriophages - classification, types and purpose
• Bacteriophages: types and purpose
• Classification of bacteriophages
• Advantages and disadvantages
• Bacteriophages in pediatrics
• Bacteriophages: list of drugs and price
• Analogs
• What are bacteriophages, list of drugs, treatment, advantages over antibiotics
• Features of the structure and parasitism of bacteriophages
• Habitat of bacteriophages
• Mechanism of action
• Areas of application of bacteriophages
• Treatment with bacteriophages
• Advantages of bacteriophages over antibiotics:
• List of bacteriophage drugs
• Add a comment Cancel reply

Where antibiotics are powerless, bacteriophages will help fight pathogenic microorganisms.

What are bacteriophages

Literally translated from ancient Greek, bacteriophages are bacteria eaters. This biological term refers to viruses that selectively infect bacterial cells.

Bacteriophages are present wherever bacteria live, so their habitat can be air, water, soil, the human body, food, and clothing.

Features of the structure of a bacteriophage: such a virus does not have a cellular structure, it only has genetic material covered with a protein coat on top. Therefore, they have to look for suitable cellular microorganisms to reproduce.

The phage begins its destructive activity for the bacterium by injecting its own genetic information into its body, and then begins active reproduction. When a bacterial cell is destroyed, from 100 to 200 new bacteriophages emerge through its fragments, which immediately begin to infect nearby bacteria.

Phages are the most ancient and widespread group of viruses. In microbiology, there are many of its representatives, each of which is parasitized by certain bacteria (both pathogenic and saprophytic).

The most famous bacteriophages:

Advantages

Some scientists argue that soon the use of drugs based on bacteriophages will compete with the use of antibiotics in the treatment of a variety of diseases.

The basis for this bold assumption is provided by the following advantages of using phages:

• absence of addiction and contraindications to the use of the drug;
• no inhibitory effect on the immune system;
• selective action (beneficial bacterial flora remains intact);
• harmonious combination with other methods of treatment, including therapy with antibiotics (according to research results, phages even enhance their effect);
• a pronounced effect in the treatment of indolent painful conditions caused by bacterial agents that are insensitive to antibiotics.

This allows the bacteriophage to be successfully used for children, the elderly, pregnant women, and debilitated patients.

Indications

Bacteriophages have proven themselves to be an effective means used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria.

Indications for including bacteriophages in the treatment regimen are the following infections:

• surgical (abscess, panaritium, paraproctitis, osteomyelitis, boils, burns, phlegmon, carbuncles, purulent wounds);
• urogenital (cystitis, pyelonephritis, colpitis, urethritis, endometritis, salpingoophoritis);
• enteral (cholecystitis, gastroenterocolitis, intestinal dysbiosis);
• blood poisoning;
• diseases of the ENT organs (tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media);
• diseases of the respiratory tract and lungs (tracheitis, pleurisy, laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia).

Methods of application

The method by which the bacteriophage should be used directly depends on the nature and location of the source of inflammation. The following methods of application will be appropriate in different situations:

• orally (the drug is taken by mouth);
• rectally (bacteriophage enema);
• locally (in the form of washing, lotions, irrigation, instillation, rinsing, administration of turundas soaked in the drug).

The bacteriophage acts more effectively if the treatment combines different methods of application. There are certain clinical indications for which bacteriophage in tablets are taken orally, and liquid bacteriophage in the form of a lotion has a local effect.

Preparations based on bacteriophages, produced in the form of solutions, aerosols, tablets, suppositories and gels, are gaining popularity. Pharmacy forms of the drugs are provided with detailed instructions on how to take the bacteriophage.

Contraindications

Most people with a certain degree of mistrust consider the possibility of treatment with bacteriophages, although the effectiveness and, most importantly, safety of such therapy has already been proven.

Bacteriophage preparations

The pharmaceutical industry offers many drugs whose principle of action is based on the antimicrobial activity of bacteriophages.

Liquid immunobiological antimicrobial preparation. It suppresses the activity of microorganisms that cause diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (bacterial dysentery, typhoid fever, enterocolitis, paratyphoid fever, dysbacteriosis, salmonellosis). It is used internally and as an enema. Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the drug. Side effects: in newborns, skin rashes and regurgitation are possible in the first 2 days of use.

The danger of viruses contained in such drugs and bacteriophage analogues should not be exaggerated. They are only deadly to bacteria that cause disease. If the doctor considers it appropriate to include bacteriophages in the treatment regimen, you should trust and be prepared for a speedy recovery.

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Source: http://woman-l.ru/bakteriofagi/

Preparations with bacteriophages

— Russia’s leading production of therapeutic and prophylactic bacteriophage drugs with half a century of tradition;

— has the largest collections of races of bacteriophages, based on existing collections it produces polyvalent preparations of bacteriophages, the structure of which is constantly updated taking into account changes in the microbial landscape in the regions where bacteriophages are used;

— guarantees high quality of bacteriophage preparations, ensured by highly qualified specialists;

— develops new drugs and dosage forms of bacteriophages.

BACTERIOPHAGES are living agents, bacterial viruses, widespread in nature. In medicine, the ability of bacteriophages to destroy the cells of pathogenic microorganisms is used. The lytic effect of bacteriophages is strictly specific.

In the production of phage preparations, the specificity of bacteriophages is taken into account and polyvalent phage preparations are prepared, namely, mixtures of bacteriophages that are active against various types of pathogens.

— highly effective biological preparations with antibacterial action for the prevention and treatment of acute intestinal infections and purulent-inflammatory diseases, treatment of dysbiosis;

— when used, they do not disrupt the normal human biocenosis;

— indispensable for resistance of pathogens to antibiotics;

— can be used in complex therapy with other drugs;

— necessary for the treatment of dysbacteriosis in combination with drugs that normalize intestinal microflora;

— recommended for adults and children;

— are made using natural raw materials.

We recommend to the attention of practicing physicians:

1. Methodological recommendations of the USSR Ministry of Health, Main Directorate for the Protection of Motherhood and Childhood, 1991 “Phage therapy and phage prevention of acute intestinal infections in children.”

2. Methodological recommendations N 96/53 of the Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of the Russian Federation, 1996 “Bacteriophage therapy of urological infections.”

For additional information, please contact the head of bacteriophage production, Tatyana Anatolyevna Anikina. Telephone: (

BACTERIOPHAGE DYSENTERIUM POLYVALENT IN TABLETS WITH ACID-RESISTANT COATING AND IN CANDLES

Bacteriophagum dysentericum polyvalentum in tabulettis cum acidostato tegimento et in suppositoryis

Used for the prevention and treatment of dysentery, sanitation of convalescents.

Phagolysate filtrate active against pathogens of bacterial dysentery - Shigella Sonne, Flexner serovars 1,2,3,4,6, concentrated, lyophilized and compressed into tablets or formed into suppositories.

Tablets are produced with an acid-resistant coating, candles with the addition of a filler base (polyethylene oxide or hydronol).

The drug should cause specific lysis of Shigella Sonne and Flexner.

METHOD OF APPLICATION AND DOSAGE

The drug is used for children from 6 months of age and for adults.

Use for medicinal purposes

The drug is used from the first day of the disease for 5-7 days, for children under 8 years old - 2 times a day, for children over 8 years old and adults - 4 times a day. Recommended doses per dose: children under 3 years old - 1 tablet, children over 3 years old and adults - 2 tablets.

The tablets are taken orally before meals. For children under 3 years of age, bacteriophage with pectin is recommended (the tablet can be dissolved in water or milk), for children over 3 years of age and adults, bacteriophage is recommended in tablets coated with acetylphthalylcellulose (violation of the integrity of the shell is not allowed) or with pectin. The tablet is washed down with 1/4 cup of boiled water.

Use for prophylactic purposes

Phaging with dysentery bacteriophage is carried out among children and staff in preschool institutions during the seasonal rise in incidence.

The drug is recommended for use during group illnesses in organized groups and families. The optimal regimen of use is daily dosing of 1-2 tablets, depending on age. Take the drug in the same way as for treatment purposes.

For dysentery, characterized by mild colitis syndrome, and during the period of convalescence, it is recommended to administer bacteriophage in suppositories simultaneously with the use of tablets: for children - once a day, for adults - 2 times a day.

The use of bacteriophage does not exclude the use of other drugs.

SIDE EFFECTS, CONTRAINDICATIONS

The administration of the drug should not cause any reactions. There are no contraindications for the use of bacteriophage.

50 tablets in bottles or in blister packaging made of PVC film, 10 pieces each. Candles in polyvinyl chloride film, 10 pieces each.

At temperatures from +2 to +10 C in a dry, dark place.

EXPIRATION LIFE 1 year.

REGISTRATION NUMBER R.94/161/95.

BACTERIOPHAGE SALMONELLA GROUP ABCDE LIQUID AND DRY WITH ACID-RESISTANT COATING

Bacteriophagum salmonellae gr.ABCDE liquidum et siccum cum indumento acidoresistentis

Used for the treatment of children and adults suffering from salmonellosis, the sanitation of convalescents, as well as for prophylactic purposes according to epidemiological indications.

The use of bacteriophage from the first days of the disease gives the best result.

Phagolysate filtrate is active against the most common pathogens of salmonellosis: paratyphoid A, paratyphoid B, typhimurium, Heidelberg, Newport, cholera suis, Oranienburg, Dublin, Anatum, Newlands. The species composition of bacteria used in production for the preparation of bacteriophage can be changed depending on changes in the microbial landscape of pathogens.

The drug must cause specific lysis of Salmonella.

METHOD OF APPLICATION AND DOSES

Use of bacteriophage for treatment

For children, by mouth 1 hour before meals and as an enema.

For children under 6 months of age, a liquid preparation is recommended; from six months to 3 years of age, a bacteriophage in tablets with pectin (the tablet can be dissolved in water or milk); for children over 3 years of age and adults, a bacteriophage with pectin or with an acid-resistant coating from the AFC (in the latter case, violation of the integrity of the tablet is not allowed). One tablet of dry bacteriophage corresponds to 20 ml of liquid preparation. The dosage in treatment and prevention regimens is based on dry bacteriophage, but this does not exclude the use of liquid bacteriophage. Liquid bacteriophage must be shaken before use; bottles with a cloudy preparation should not be used.

The bacteriophage is used for therapeutic purposes from the first day of illness (as prescribed by a doctor before hospitalization of the patient) for 5-7 days in the following dosages:

In the absence of liquid bacteriophage, one can limit oneself to taking bacteriophage in tablets orally.

If there is no improvement within the first three days after the end of treatment with the bacteriophage, it is recommended to repeat the treatment with the bacteriophage. If a repeated course does not produce results, it is not advisable to continue treatment with bacteriophage.

Before discharge from the hospital in cases of ongoing bacterial excretion, it is recommended that all convalescents undergo a five-day course of treatment at the doses indicated above.

Use of bacteriophage for the purpose of prevention

For prophylactic purposes, bacteriophage is used orally, 2 tablets once a week for one month, to prevent diseases of salmonellosis and bacterial carriage in enterprises such as meat processing plants, in hospitals to prevent the occurrence of nosocomial infections and in children's institutions.

Children - 1 tablet once a week.

Phage therapy can be carried out in combination with the usual complex of treatment - antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, diet and vitamin therapy.

SIDE EFFECTS, CONTRAINDICATIONS

There are no reactions to the introduction of Salmonella bacteriophage. There are no contraindications for use.

Liquid bacteriophage in bottles of 100 ml, in acid-resistant tablets in bottles of 50 pieces and in cellular packaging made of PVC film of 10 pieces.

At temperatures from +2 to +10 C in a dry, dark place.

EXPIRATION LIFE 1 year.

REGISTRATION NUMBER R.94/161/51.

BACTERIOPHAGE COLI-PROTEUS LIQUID

Bacteriophagum coliproteicum liquidum

It is used for the treatment and prevention of enterocolitis and the treatment of colpitis of coli-proteus etiology.

A mixture of phagolysate filtrates active against the most common enteropathogenic Escherichia serological groups 020, 026, 033, 044, 055, 0111, 0119, 0125, 0127, 0151 and Proteus mirabile and vulgaris.

The species composition of enteropathogenic Escherichia used in production for the preparation of bacteriophage can be changed depending on changes in the microbial landscape of pathogens.

The drug should cause specific lysis of Escherichia and Proteus mirabile and vulgaris.

METHOD OF APPLICATION AND DOSES

A. For the treatment of enterocolitis

It is used from the first day of the disease in two or three courses (depending on the course of the disease) lasting 7-10 days under bacteriological control; intervals between courses are 3 days.

The drug is prescribed 2 times a day by mouth (children over 3 years old 2-3 times) and 1 time in an enema.

Recommended dosages of the drug:

For children in the first days of life, in the first two days of taking the drug, dilute the bacteriophage with boiled water 2 times.

In the absence of adverse reactions (regurgitation, skin rash), the drug should be used undiluted in the future.

B. To prevent enterocolitis

It is used in areas of infection to protect children from colienteritis. At the same time, all children, starting from 6 months of age, who were in contact with patients, are given coli-Proteus bacteriophage by mouth 2 times at intervals of 3 days in dosages from 10 to 30 ml in accordance with age.

The bacteriophage is administered orally 1-1.5 hours before meals.

B. For the purpose of treating colpitis

It is used from the first day of illness in one or two courses (depending on the course of the disease) lasting 5-7 days. The drug is prescribed 2 times a day in tampons or by irrigation of 10 ml intravaginally. Place tampons for 2-3 hours.

The use of bacteriophage does not exclude the use of other drugs. Before use, the bottle with the bacteriophage must be shaken; if it is cloudy, do not use it!

SIDE EFFECTS, CONTRAINDICATIONS

The drug can cause regurgitation and skin rashes in children in the first days of life. There are no contraindications for the use of bacteriophage.

In bottles of 100 ml.

At temperatures from +2 to +10 C in a dry, dark place.

SHELF LIFE 1 year

REGISTRATION NUMBER R.94/161/59.

BACTERIOPHAGE STAPHYLOCOCCAL (LIQUID, OINTMENT, CANDLES)

Bacteriophagum staphylococcus (fluidum, unguentum, suppositoria)

Phagolysate filtrate is active against Staphylococcus aureus.

The drug should cause specific lysis of Staphylococcus aureus.

METHOD OF APPLICATION AND DOSES

The main conditions for using a bacteriophage are the early use of a drug that corresponds to the etiology of the disease and its direct administration to the source of infection.

Depending on the nature of the source of infection, the bacteriophage is used:

1.) Locally in the form of irrigation, lotions and tamponing with liquid phage in an amount of up to 200 ml, depending on the size of the affected area, or lubrication with ointment. For boils and carbuncles, the liquid preparation can be injected directly into the lesion or under the base of the infiltrate, as well as around the lesion by piercing. Bacteriophage injections are made daily or every other day, depending on the reaction, in successively increasing doses: for 1 injection - 0.5 ml, then 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 ml. A total of 3-5 injections are performed per treatment cycle. For abscesses, the bacteriophage is injected into the cavity of the lesion after removing the pus using a puncture; the amount of the injected drug should be slightly less than the volume of the removed pus. Pus can be removed by opening the abscess and then inserting a tampon heavily moistened with bacteriophage into the cavity. In case of chronic osteomyelitis, after appropriate surgical treatment, a staphylococcal bacteriophage is infused into the wound.

2.) For the treatment of deep forms of pyodermatitis, the drug is used intradermally in small doses of 0.1 - 0.5 ml in one place or, if necessary, up to 2 ml in several places. A total of 10 injections every 24 hours.

3.) Introduction of up to 100 ml of bacteriophage into the abdominal, pleural, articular and other cavities, after which the cavity is tightly sutured or capillary drainage is left, through which the bacteriophage is reintroduced over several days. For cystitis, the bacteriophage is injected into the bladder through a catheter. For purulent pleurisy, bursitis or arthritis, the bacteriophage is injected into the cavity (after removing the pus) in an amount of up to 200 ml or more, every other day, only 3-4 times.

4.) For intestinal forms of the disease caused by staphylococcus and dysbacteriosis, liquid bacteriophage is used per os and per rectum using an enema or by administering rectal suppositories. Per os bacteriophage is given 2 times a day on an empty stomach 1.5-2 hours before meals and per rectum - once a day.

Recommended dosages of the drug:

For children in the first days of life, in the first two days of taking the drug, dilute the bacteriophage with boiled water 2 times. In the absence of adverse reactions (regurgitation, skin rash), the drug should be used undiluted in the future.

In case of dysbacteriosis, treatment is carried out for 7-10 days under bacteriological control.

Staphylococcal bacteriophage is used for prophylaxis in quantities of up to 50 ml, for irrigation of postoperative wounds, etc.

It is possible to carry out combined treatment with staphylococcal bacteriophage in combination with antibiotics.

The use of bacteriophage does not exclude the use of other drugs.

SIDE EFFECTS, CONTRAINDICATIONS

There are no complications when administering the drug. With intradermal administration, transient redness and inflammation may occur. There are no contraindications to the use of the drug.

Liquid 20 ml in bottles; ointment in bottles of 10 and 20 g, planned release in tubes of 10 g; candles in polyvinyl chloride film, 10 pieces each.

At temperatures from +2 to +10 C in a dry, dark place.

EXPIRATION LIFE 1 year.

REGISTRATION NUMBERS: R.94/161/133

BACTERIOPHAGE PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSIS

Bacteriophagum Pseudomonas aeruginosa liquidum

Used for the treatment of skin lesions, festering wounds, abscesses, pleurisy, osteomyelitis, mastitis, cystitis, pyelitis and other diseases caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The phagolysate filtrate is active against the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosis (Pseudomonas aeruginosa).

The drug should cause specific lysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosis bacteria.

METHOD OF APPLICATION AND DOSES

Depending on the nature of the source of infection, the bacteriophage is used:

a) locally in the form of rinsing, irrigation, lotions and tamponing, depending on the size of the affected area in an amount of 5.0 - 20.0 ml;

b) subcutaneously or intramuscularly - around the lesion by piercing.

Bacteriophage injections are made daily or every other day (depending on the reaction) in successively increasing doses per 1 injection - 0.5 ml, then 1.0 - 1.5 - 2.0 ml.

In cases of abscess formation, pus is evacuated from the cavity of the latter using a puncture, after which a bacteriophage is injected into the cavity in an amount slightly less than the volume of evacuated pus. Pus can also be removed by opening the abscess and then inserting a tampon heavily moistened with bacteriophage into the cavity. In this case, additional injections of the phage can be made subcutaneously or intramuscularly, as indicated above.

When introduced into cavities - abdominal, pleural, articular, bladder, etc., ml of bacteriophage is infused, after which the cavity is sutured tightly or a capillary drainage is created, through which the bacteriophage is reintroduced over several days.

For purulent pleurisy, the bacteriophage is injected into the cavity after pumping out the pus, as well as after resection of the ribs in quantities or more, every other day, only 3-4 times.

The use of bacteriophage does not exclude the use of other drugs.

SIDE EFFECTS, CONTRAINDICATIONS

With subcutaneous and intramuscular administration, rapid redness and inflammation may occur.

There are no contraindications to the use of the drug.

In bottles of 100 ml.

At temperatures from +2 to +10 C in a dry, dark place.

Source: http://www.ill.ru/news.art.shtml?c_article=211

Bacteriophage preparations: their use, advantages and disadvantages

Bacteriophages are specific viruses that destroy pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic bacteria for the human body. These microorganisms are safe for humans, that is, they cannot cause the development of diseases.

Bacteriophages can be used both for the treatment and prevention of intestinal pathology.

Types of bacteriophages

Bacteriophages are classified depending on the properties of the virus that are part of it, as well as depending on the bacteria that this phage can destroy.

Bacteriophages are specific in their effects, that is, they are effective against one (less often several) pathogenic bacteria. Depending on the pathogen against which the bacteriophage acts, the following types are distinguished:

• typhoid (against Salmonella typhi);
• dysenteric (against Shigella);
• Klebsiella (against Klebsiella);
• coliphage (against Escherichia coli);
• proteaceous (vs. Proteus);
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa (against Pseudomonas aeruginosa);
• staphylococcal (against Staphylococcus);
• intesti (polyvalent phage against Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia);
• pyobacteriophage (combined and monovalent).

Bacteriophages are also divided according to the number of components: monovalent (against one type of pathogenic bacteria) and polyvalent (complex action, against several types of bacteria).

What are they used for?

Bacteriophages are used in the complex treatment and prevention of intestinal infections. Their use is advisable when:

• repeated episodes of intestinal infections;
• antibiotic resistance;
• allergic reactions to antimicrobial drugs;
• possible risk of severe systemic reactions;
• severe concomitant chronic pathology;
• young patient (up to 1 year).

The appropriateness of using a particular bacteriophage is determined by a doctor (infectious disease specialist or gastroenterologist). To begin such a specific treatment, specific confirmation of the diagnosis of intestinal infection is necessary, that is, the detection of a pathogenic bacterium in the patient’s biological fluid.

Mechanism of action of bacteriophages

According to the mechanism of action, the following types are distinguished:

• Temperate bacteriophages. They penetrate into the bacterial cell, change some of its metabolic processes, but do not have a direct cytopathic effect. The cell of the pathogenic bacterium dies as a result of the cessation of the most important biochemical reactions.
• Virulent (pathogenic) bacteriophages. They destroy the cell of a pathogenic bacterium, that is, they cause its lysis, therefore they are called phagolysates. After the pathogenic bacterial cell is destroyed, phage cells emerge and can infect and destroy new bacterial cells.

Bacteriophages, even polyvalent ones, do not have any effect on their own normal intestinal microflora. All types of phagolysates act only in the intestinal lumen, that is, they are not absorbed and do not enter the systemic bloodstream. That is why the likelihood of side effects in patients of any age is almost zero.

Advantages and disadvantages of bacteriophages

• safety of use in patients of any age group, as well as with somatic chronic pathology;
• the possibility of prescribing for children in the first year of life;
• approved for use by pregnant and lactating women;
• no penetration into the systemic bloodstream;
• side effects and overdose are not described;
• possibility of combination with other drugs;
• high specificity of action;
• resistance does not develop to bacteriophages;
• the intestinal microflora is not affected.

• a bacteriophage acts only against one type of bacterium and is not effective against others (for example, a dysentery bacteriophage cannot destroy the causative agent of typhoid fever);
• to obtain a positive result, constant and long-term use is necessary (at least 5-7 days, ideally 2-3 weeks);
• the need for specific confirmation of the diagnosis (bacteriological culture), which can be obtained no earlier than 4-5 days of illness.

Some advantages of bacteriophages can be seen as the other side of the coin, that is, a certain advantage is seen as a disadvantage.

Bacteriophage preparations

Bacteriophages are classified depending on their ability to destroy a specific type of bacteria. Currently the most commonly used are:

• “Intesti” is a universal bacteriophage that is effective against Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as Klebsiella, and can be used to treat a patient before obtaining the results of a bacteriological examination;
• monovalent dysenteric – for the treatment of shigellosis;
• monovalent typhoid - for the treatment of typhoid fever (but not paratyphoid fever);
• monovalent Klebsiella - for the treatment of acute diseases caused by various strains of Klebsiella;
• polyvalent colibacteriophage – for complex therapy of acute intestinal infections caused by pathogenic and opportunistic strains of Escherichia coli.

It is advisable to use a polyvalent bacteriophage (“Intesti”) at the initial stage of clinical manifestations of intestinal infection. Prescribing this specific drug for protracted forms of intestinal infections is also effective. In some cases, it allows the use of several bacteriophages until the etiology of the intestinal disease is clarified.

Many bacteriophages are used orally and in enemas, and combined use is allowed. In any case, intramuscular and intravenous injections are excluded. The bacteriophage has a neutral taste, so it does not cause disgust when consumed.

Comparison of bacteriophages and antibiotics

It is not entirely correct to compare bacteriophages and antibiotics, since these are different pharmaceutical groups. A few of the most important points to note:

The final word in choosing an antibiotic or bacteriophage belongs to the doctor.

Is it possible to take bacteriophage preparations for prevention?

Bacteriophages are drugs for the treatment and prevention of intestinal infections. It should be noted that the preventive effect of the bacteriophage does not last long - no more than a day. To prevent infection with one or another pathogen of intestinal infection, it is necessary to constantly drink bacteriophage, which is technically impossible.

It is advisable to use this drug if there is a high risk of infection, for example, in direct contact with a patient with an intestinal infection.

Source: http://prokishechnik.info/preparaty/bakteriofagi.html

MEDICINES BASED ON BACTERIOPHAGES (Part 2)

Preparations created on the basis of bacteriophages do not cause the development of resistance in pathogenic microflora.

Phage therapy is useful for individuals allergic to antibiotics, is not teratogenic, and can be used during pregnancy.

In addition, such drugs have a positive effect on the state of local immunity. When used topically, phages have the particular advantage that they continue to multiply and penetrate deeper as long as infection is present. One of the main reasons for low efficiency or complete lack of therapeutic effect is the inept selection of phages for therapeutic purposes. The same disease, such as dysentery, can be caused by different types of dysentery bacteria. Phages that are active against some dysentery bacteria have no effect on others. This has not always been adequately taken into account when preparing phage drugs to treat certain diseases. Phage prevention of bacterial infectious diseases in epidemic foci involves the use of bacteriophages to individuals at high risk of infection. It has been convincingly shown that when a dysentery infection appears in kindergartens, nurseries, schools, the use of phage preparations prevents the disease of children who have had contact with the sick. Currently, dry preparations of phages are prepared in the form of dragees. There are special collections of typical phages active against pathogenic microorganisms. Phages have helped identify the sources of many diseases. Using specific phages, it is possible to determine the presence of certain pathogenic and non-pathogenic forms of microbes in various environments.

Today in Russia the following are produced:

• monovalent bacteriophages - streptococcal, staphylococcal, pseudomonas, dysentery, coliphage, proteus, cholera, typhoid, pseudotuberculosis, salmonella, klebsifagus, etc.;
• combined preparations of polyvalent bacteriophages - coliproteus, liquid pyobacteriophage complex, pyopolyphage, sextaphage, intesti-bacteriophage, etc.;
• cosmetic gels with bacteriophages: phagodent, otophag, phagoderm, fagogin, etc.

Streptococcal bacteriophage is available in the form of a solution (20 ml bottle). No impurities or sediment are allowed in the solution. To preserve the drug, quinozole is used in an amount of 0.01 mg per ml of solution. Streptophage has the ability to lyse streptococcal bacteria isolated during purulent infections.

Streptococcal bacteriophage is prescribed for the treatment and prevention of purulent lesions caused by streptococci. The drug is used for carbunculosis and other skin lesions, as well as in the treatment of endometritis, osteomyelitis, urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, colpitis, ENT diseases and many others. etc. (see instructions)

It can also be used for preventive treatment of fresh wounds, especially surgical incisions during surgery. It is recommended to use the drug only after analyzing the microflora of the wound. The sooner treatment with bacteriophage begins, the more effective it is. Moreover, it is advisable to treat with a bacteriophage exactly the place that is the center of the spread of infection.

The drug is used to treat wounds or mucous membranes; it can be administered subcutaneously around the affected area of ​​the skin. Such injections are given once every 1–2 days on the recommendation of a medical specialist.

Antistaphylococcal bacteriophage is available in the form of a solution, suppository, ointment and tablets. Staphylophage has the ability to lyse staphylococcal bacteria isolated during purulent infections. Apply topically in the form of ointments, lotions, irrigation or tamponing of affected areas.

Staphylococcal bacteriophage is recommended to be prescribed for the treatment and prevention of purulent infections of the skin, mucous membranes, diseases caused by staphylococcal bacteria, as well as intestinal dysbiosis.

BACTERIOPHAGE PSEUDOMNAS AERUGINOSA (pseudomonas aeruginosa)

Bacteriophage Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a solution (bottle of 20, 50 and 100 ml). The bacteriophage has the ability to specifically lyse the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and has an immunostimulating effect. It is prescribed for inflammatory processes that occur with the formation of pus and are localized in a variety of places, for diseases of the respiratory system, in otolaryngology, surgical, urogenital, enteral, septic diseases, purulent-inflammatory diseases of newborns.

The drug is used to normalize the microflora of the internal environments of the body and for prophylactic purposes for the treatment of postoperative and newly infected wounds, for the prevention of nosocomial infections. It is effectively used for almost any disease caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The most effective is a combination of oral local application of the drug (apply lotions to sore spots, gargle, drop in the ears, etc.).

To treat diseases of the urinary system, the drug is infused directly into the affected organ - into the bladder, into the renal pelvis. The procedure is carried out once or twice a day. If it is necessary to treat diseases of the female genital organs, the drug is infused into the uterus once a day, 5–10 ml.

Klebsiella bacteriophage, produced in the form of a solution (amp. 5 and 10 ml, bottle 20 ml), is effective against Klebsiella ozena, pneumonia and rhinoscleroma. This drug is prescribed for the treatment of ailments caused by Klebsiella, such as rhinoscleroma, inflammatory processes in the sinuses or middle ear, inflammatory processes in soft tissues and internal organs, incl. digestive system, generalized septic diseases, purulent-septic diseases of newborns. The drug is used in the form of inhalations, enemas, applications, and also orally. The medicine is used 1 to 3 times a day, depending on the disease. The course of treatment is from 10 to 40 days.

For the treatment of rhinoscleroma and ozena, irrigation of the nasal cavity and inhalation are prescribed; At the end of the procedure, it is necessary to close the nasal passages with cotton balls soaked in the medicine, which should be removed only after an hour. This treatment should be carried out twice a day for 3-4 weeks. If the infection has spread to the throat area, in addition to irrigating the nasal cavity, inhalations must also be performed.

For inhalation it is best to use a nebulizer, because... It is undesirable to heat the solution above 40°C. There are no contraindications to the use of the drug, possibly in combination with drugs, incl. with antibiotics and dietary supplements.

Coliphage - coli bacteriophage liquid (vial 20, 100 ml, amp. 2, 10 ml; pack - 10 pcs.) for oral administration, local and external use. Coliphage has the ability to specifically lyse enteropathogenic E. coli (Escherichia coli), the most significant in the etiology of purulent-inflammatory diseases. The drug is used for the treatment and prevention of infections of the skin and internal organs caused by Escherichia coli, including purulent-septic diseases, purulent-complicated wounds, burns, abscesses, phlegmons, boils, carbuncles, cholecystitis, proctitis, cystitis, etc. (see instructions) .

Coliphage is used in the prevention of co-infections and for the preventive treatment of postoperative, newly infected wounds, as well as nosocomial infections for epidemic indications.

For enterocolitis and intestinal dysbiosis, administer 3 times a day 1 hour before meals. When treating purulent-inflammatory diseases with localized lesions, it is used topically for 7–20 days. Purulent wounds are treated in the form of irrigation, applications, dressings, administration through drainage at least 1 time per day.

For abscesses, after opening and removing the purulent contents, the drug is administered in an amount less than the volume of the removed pus. In drained cavities, 20–200 ml once a day.

To prevent sepsis and enterocolitis during intrauterine infection or the risk of nosocomial infection in newborns, coliphage is used in the form of enemas 2 times a day for 5–7 days.

Important! Koli bacteriophage liquid is not suitable for use if the solution is cloudy and there are flakes.

Proteus bacteriophage, produced in the form of a solution, is used to prevent and treat ailments caused by various varieties of Proteus. This drug is used to treat diseases of the ENT organs, bronchi and lungs. The medicine is also prescribed for the treatment of wounds, purulent processes of the skin and soft tissues of a very different nature and location. In addition, it is used to treat purulent processes localized in bone tissue and joints. Effective in the treatment of infections of the urinary organs, gastrointestinal tract, in the treatment of blood poisoning, inflammatory processes of the mucous membranes of the eyes. It is also widely used to treat diseases of young children.

Proteus bacteriophage can be used in the treatment of patients of all ages and with any concomitant diseases. The drug has virtually no side effects or contraindications. It is used for compresses, rinsing, and cotton balls soaked in the preparation are placed. A single dose of the drug can vary from 5 to 200 ml. When treating an abscess, a cotton ball soaked in the drug is introduced into the cavity.

Source: http://mosapteki.ru/material/lekarstvennye-sredstva-na-osnove-bakteriofagov-ch

Bacteriophages - classification, types and purpose

Bacteriophage therapy is a fairly new trend in modern medicine. The principle of operation of this treatment is the reproduction of bacterial cells by destroying harmful bacteria and replacing them with healthy ones. The main purpose of bacteriophages is the safe and effective treatment of bacterial infections and viruses.

Bacteriophages: types and purpose

The use of bacteriophages in medicine is extensive; polyvalent species are most often used, which contain a whole complex of active microorganisms. Basic forms:

• Coliphages, or simply coli, help cope with skin inflammation and infection of internal organs caused by enteropathogenic E. coli.
• Typhoid bacteriophages - eliminate illnesses caused by salmonella and typhoid pathogens.
• Coliproteus or coliproteophages - are used in the treatment of cystitis, colpitis, pyelonephritis, colitis and other diseases caused by enteropathogenic bacteria Escherichia and the Proteus virus.
• Klebsiella polyvalent bacteriophages are a complex remedy that destroys Klebsiella rhinoscleroma, pneumonia and ozena.
• Dysenteric polyvalent dysphags - destroy Shigella Flexner and Sonne in bacterial dysenteries.
• Protean proteophage - fights protean species of specific microorganisms, such as vulgaris and mirabilis, which are the main cause of purulent intestinal inflammation.
• Staphylophages - destroy the action of staphylococcal microbes, active in any purulent inflammation.
• Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsifagus - treat inflammatory ailments of the digestive, urogenital and respiratory systems caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae.
• Streptophagus - actively fights inflammatory infections caused by streptococcus.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa - used in the treatment of dysbiosis and other infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Classification of bacteriophages

Today there are 19 types of active forms of viruses. They differ in shape, their genome structure and the type of nucleic acid. The classification of these drugs in medicine also differs in the speed of their influence on the activity of microorganisms:

• moderate - only partially affects and destroys pathogenic bacteria, but causes significant changes in them, which are transmitted during their further reproduction, preventing the progression of the virus;
• It is customary to call virulent those that, upon entering the body, act rapidly and very actively and almost instantly destroy bacterial cells, leading to their death.

Advantages and disadvantages

It has been proven that treatment with bacteriophages is the safest replacement for penicillin therapy in the treatment of bacterial infections. The main advantages include the following:

1. They have much fewer side effects compared to antibiotics. It has been noted that an allergic reaction to bacteriophages is extremely rare, and secondary negative effects in the human body are much less common.
2. They are combined with absolutely any type of drugs, including penicillin, and are not addictive.
3. All drugs have a release form that is very convenient for the consumer: solutions for oral administration or tablets.
4. With prolonged use of phages, there is no suppression of the immune system.
5. Even mild, sluggish inflammatory processes and viruses are cured, for which the use of antibiotics is considered inappropriate.
6. Unlike other medications, to which most viruses and microbes develop gradual resistance, it is almost impossible to adapt to phages and harmful microorganisms.

But it is worth noting that such therapy also has a number of disadvantages, which should also be taken into account before starting treatment. These include:

• the likelihood of transfer of the bacterial genome between microorganisms;
• difficulties in selecting the most suitable group of bacteriophages for treatment;
• The general course of treatment for the virus takes at least 20 days, while treatment with antibiotics takes only 3–7 days.

Bacteriophages in pediatrics

The use of phages in the treatment of childhood infectious diseases requires particularly careful diagnosis and drug selection. Before the appointment, the child must undergo bacteriostatic and bacteriological analysis to determine the state of the microflora.

Bacteriophages are prescribed for both infants and older children in the treatment of the following diseases:

• Ear infections.
• Inflammatory processes of the respiratory organs (throat, trachea, nasopharynx, lungs, nose, larynx).
• Infections of the genitourinary system.
• Eye diseases with an existing inflammatory process (corneal damage, conjunctivitis).
• Infectious processes of the gastrointestinal tract (cholecystitis, gastroenterocolitis, dysbacteriosis).
• Purulent wounds, surgical infections, abscesses, burns, furunculosis and much more.

Treatment with bacteriophages is also acceptable for very young children, since these medications have a much lower percentage of side effects and do not harm the sensitive intestinal microflora of a newborn.

Rules to follow during treatment:

1. Before administering a bacteriophage to an infant or an older child, it is necessary to conduct a mandatory rectal tolerance test using an enema. Young children often experience a rejection reaction in the form of excessive regurgitation or diarrhea.
2. Before treating Intesti with a drug prescribed for gastrointestinal infections in children, you should definitely check the dosage with your pediatrician.
3. Before using these drugs on an infant, a number of additional tests and drug tolerability tests may be required.

Bacteriophages: list of drugs and price

Analogs

It is impossible to find medications comparable to bacteriophages in their structure. When replacing, drugs are prescribed that are comparable in their properties, but with completely different active ingredients.

The selection of pharmaceuticals should be made exclusively by a professional physician. In some situations, staphylococcal drugs are replaced with Zyvox, Fosfomycin, Linemax, Forteraz, Monural.

It should be remembered that chemical drugs have many more side effects and have a more negative effect on the immune system and intestinal function.

Source: http://devochki.guru/zdorove/sredstva/bakteriofagi-klassifikatsiya-vidy-i-naznachenie.html

What are bacteriophages, list of drugs, treatment, advantages over antibiotics

Bacteriophages are viruses that selectively infect bacterial cells. Their vital activity and reproduction are possible only inside bacterial cells. By multiplying inside the cell, they cause destruction and death of the bacterium itself.

Modern medicine considers them as an effective, safe and perfect remedy in the fight against dangerous, difficult-to-treat bacterial infections. But treatment with bacteriophages causes mistrust and fear in many people.

Features of the structure and parasitism of bacteriophages

Bacteriophages represent a large and diverse group of viruses. Their sizes are one hundred times smaller than the size of bacterial cells. When magnified many times, the structure of phages is striking in its diversity; some of them look like crystalline complexes, intricately twisted among themselves.

Being intracellular viral parasites, they selectively destroy certain bacterial cells. They lack a cellular structure and consist only of genetic material covered with an outer protein coat. This forces them to look for suitable cellular complexes to actively multiply within them.

Habitat of bacteriophages

Bacteriophages are present wherever bacteria live, so their habitat is diverse. This can be the human body, air and water environment, soil, food products, clothing, etc.

Mechanism of action

A bacteriophage invades a bacterial cell for only one purpose - to use its cellular structures for its own reproduction. To do this, a smart virus injects its own genetic information into the body of the bacterium. The bacterium begins, according to the program established by the phage, to synthesize particles that are uncharacteristic for it, from which new bacteriophages are subsequently assembled. All that remains of the bacterial cell are fragments through which synthesized phages emerge, capable of further damage to neighboring bacterial cells.

In the natural environment, bacteriophages play a critical role as natural regulators of the number of pathogenic microbes.

Areas of application of bacteriophages

In addition to the medical industry, they have found their application in other important areas.

• In agriculture - they are successfully used to prevent and treat plants and animals from bacterial infections.
• In genetic engineering, these small viral structures are used to naturally exchange genes between different bacteria, allowing the original structure of bacterial DNA to be changed in the desired direction.

Treatment with bacteriophages

This is an effective alternative to antibiotics.

Bacteriophages are grown as follows. A material containing bacteriophages is applied to a nutrient medium seeded with a certain culture of sensitive bacteria. In the place where they hit, a zone of destroyed bacteria forms in the form of an empty spot. Using a bacteriological needle, this material is collected and transferred into a suspension containing a young bacterial culture. This manipulation is performed 5-10 times so that the grown bacteriophage culture is pure.

Preparations based on bacteriophages are available in the form of aerosols, suppositories, tablets, solutions and other dosage forms. The names of such drugs use the group of bacteria against which they are directed. The most famous bacteriophages: pseudomonas, staphylococcal, potassium, streptococcal and dysentery phages.

The production of bacteriophages in the near future will become the most promising branch of pharmacology.

Advantages of bacteriophages over antibiotics:

• Русский
• Do not suppress human immunity;
• They are combined with absolutely all medications, even with antibiotics, enhancing their effect;
• Not addictive;
• Do not lead to the development of resistance of bacterial cultures to phages;
• Helps in the treatment of indolent bacterial infections that are insensitive to antibiotics;
• They act selectively without destroying beneficial bacterial flora;
• They have no contraindications to treatment.

They are used in the treatment of various bacterial infections. Since phages reproduce exclusively in bacteria, they do not cause any harm to health. Bacteriophages act selectively, infecting bacteria of a certain group. The most widely used staphylococcal bacteriophage is effective in the treatment of chronic staphylococcal infections and bacterial carriage.

List of bacteriophage drugs

• Salmonella for oral administration 100ml rub
• Koli bacteriophage 20ml. 4 pcs. rub., coliproteus for oral administration, 100 ml rub.
• Streptococcal for oral, local and external use 20 ml. 4 things. rub.
• Klebsiella polyvalent for oral administration 20 ml. 4 pcs rub.
• Klebsifag (klebsell pneumonia) 20ml. 4 things. 500 rub.
• Dysenteric polyvalent 80 mg. 500 tab. 3400 RUR, 20 ml. 4 pcs -400 rub.
• Proteus bacteriophage 20ml. 4 pcs. rub.
• Pseudomonas bacteriophage/pseudomonas 100ml. and 20ml. 4 things. rub.

• INESTI complex bacteriophage 20ml. 4 things. and 100ml. for oral administration
• Pyobacteriophage 100 ml. rub.
• Pyobacteriophage polyvalent purified 20ml. 4 pcs. rub.
• Sextaphage Piobacteriophage polyvalent 20ml. 4 pcs. rub.

I want to try a bacteriophage for the treatment of chronic cystitis caused by E. coli, because... Antibiotics are contraindicated for me. Phage-sensitive E. coli were found in a urogenital smear. How and how long should the sextaphage be used?

The instructions for use don't really explain anything.

Go to your local therapist - he will tell you everything in detail.

Hello! Please tell me if there are bacteriophages for the treatment of ulcers and gastrointestinal erosions caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori

The same goes to the doctor. Treatment of this type of bacteria is complex and multi-stage and you cannot do it on your own.

But if you are not cured, but only “flirt” with the pathogen, then... all this is strange!

Hello. Please tell me if this drug can cure streptococcus, in particular angina/miller.

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