The drug chlorhexidine instructions for use

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How to use chlorhexidine: instructions for use

Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic drug. It has been successfully used as a topical disinfectant for over 60 years.

Table of contents:

This medication can be purchased at pharmacies in the form of a cream, gel, patch of various shapes, a concentrate for preparing a solution or a ready-to-use liquid.

Let's try to figure out what is the secret of such popularity of Chlorhexidine, and at the same time we will find all the pitfalls that may be hidden in the instructions of the drug - side effects and contraindications.

To be continued

Over the 60 years of its existence, chlorhexidine has unconditionally proven its effectiveness and safety. Today it is included in more than sixty pharmaceutical preparations. Its history began in the 50s at the Manchester Royal Chemical Company, which was involved in the development of drugs for malaria, where Chlorhexidine bigluconate was synthesized. The new medicine appeared in pharmacy chains as an antiseptic and local disinfectant already in 54 of the 20th century.

An aqueous solution for mouth rinse, Chlorhexidine, began to be used only 20 years later. We noticed that the drug is able to prevent the development of periodontal disease. The medication firmly holds its high position as an anti-periodontal agent today.

Later, the antiseptic properties of the drug began to be used in lubricants, detergents, toothpastes and even clothing inserts, where it was present as one of the components. Four years ago, for the first time, an antithrombogenic catheter was released to a wide audience, in which Chlorhexidine was present outside and inside.

From the above facts, it becomes clear that the story of the drug does not end here and many dosage forms and methods of use await it. How does this station wagon work? It's time to delve into the details.

How does Chlorhexidine work?

An antiseptic acts on microorganisms differently, depending on the type of microbe.

Bacteria

The Chlorhexidine molecule has a positive charge and binds to the negatively charged bacterium, damaging its cell wall. The destruction process takes only 20 seconds. But the effect of the antiseptic does not end there. The drug, penetrating inside the cell, attacks the cytoplasmic membrane of the bacterium, causing the contents to end up in the cytoplasm. The cell dies. Concentrated Chlorhexidine can lead to hardening or solidification of the cytoplasm.

Mushrooms

The drug acts on pathogenic and opportunistic fungi in a similar way: it destroys the cell wall and penetrates inside the fungus, causing cell death.

Biofilm

This is a collection of microorganisms that multiply on solid organic or inorganic surfaces. It is characterized by structural heterogeneity, complex interactions of the conglomerate, and genetic diversity.

Biofilm is very resistant to antibacterial drugs, so most antiseptics do not cope with their task and cannot act inside its complex structure. Only Chlorhexidine is able to stop the adhesion of microorganisms to a solid surface, causing growth arrest and biofilm development.

Other microorganisms

Unlike its relatives, Chlorhexidine shows high effectiveness in the fight against other microbes. It attacks protozoa, bacterial spores, and can attack viruses that are covered with an additional shell, for example, herpes simplex, HIV, cytomegalovirus, and influenza. But non-enveloped viruses are resistant to the drug. These include ARVI pathogens, enteroviruses, adenovirus, and rotavirus.

Use of Chlorhexidine

The area of ​​application of antiseptics is pharmaceuticals and cosmetology. This product can be found in many disinfection solutions. It is used to treat the skin of the hands; as an antibacterial ingredient, it is added to various toothpastes, deodorants, and antiperspirants. It is also present in creams for problem skin, as it is effective against acne.

In pharmaceuticals, it is used in the form of solutions, the concentration is 0.05% and 0.02%. It is used in the following medicines:

  • in eye drops as a preservative.
  • in dosage forms, mouth and throat rinses, suppositories, solutions and ointments, it is an active component.

Application in dentistry

Chlorhexidine solution, when applied locally, interacts with the proteins of the upper layer of the skin or mucous membranes. When rinsing the mouth, the antiseptic binds to the proteins of the mucous membrane and tooth enamel, then slowly and over a long period of time has an effect. Its activity against microbes lasts up to three days. The long-term antiseptic effect of the drug in the oral cavity significantly reduces the number of bacteria, which leads to the prevention of dental plaque.

Chlorhexidine is one of the gold standard drugs in dentistry due to its ability to remain on hard and soft surfaces for a long time without losing its healing activity.

Pharmacokinetic properties

It has been proven that after rinsing with an antiseptic solution, approximately 30% of the drug remains in the oral cavity. Chlorhexidine is for external use only. But if you accidentally ingest a small amount, you should not prepare yourself for the worst. It is practically not absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract, so if for some reason even 300 ml of the solution enters the stomach, after 30 minutes the blood plasma will contain an insignificant part of it, only 0.206 mcg/g. In addition, over the next 12 hours it will be completely eliminated from the body.

Indications

The main purpose of an antiseptic for treating the oral cavity is the treatment and prevention of gingivitis. This disease is inflammatory and occurs due to the formation of microbial plaque on the teeth. Gingivitis is accompanied by swelling and redness of the gums. If the disease is not treated in time, periodontitis may develop, which already destroys the alveolar processes.

A special category of dental patients includes patients who have both gingivitis and periodontitis; they require an integrated approach to treatment. In these cases, Chlorhexidine is used as part of a combination of disease control measures, and is not the main drug.

An antiseptic is used to treat stomatitis, an inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa. Rinsing your mouth with Chlorhexidine is prescribed during tooth extraction and other dental procedures as a prevention of infection.

Chlorhexidine rinses are also indicated for the prevention of plaque. Since the drug has a noticeable effect of protecting the oral cavity from plaque and tartar.

Rinse solution: instructions for use

The procedure of rinsing the mouth with a solution of Chlorhexidine has a more significant effect after brushing your teeth. Antiseptic treatment is carried out in the morning and evening for 30 seconds. The dose of undiluted solution is 20 ml. After rinsing your mouth, you should not immediately start brushing your teeth, eating or drinking, because you will simply reduce your efforts to zero, since it will be washed off. You need to wait 15 minutes, after which you can proceed with your business.

Important! Still, despite its safety, the drug should not be taken. While rinsing, try to avoid getting it into the gastrointestinal tract.

Side effect of mouthwashes

Unpleasant side effects of Chlorhexidine mouthwash include staining. Teeth, dentures, and the back of the tongue can change color. However, such an unaesthetic manifestation will not await all patients. It has been proven that the likelihood of noticeable staining is only half of all applications. But 15% of them will have quite pronounced changes. In these people, the shade of tooth enamel will become dark brown or black. In this case, the intensity of coloring may increase if the drug begins to interact with the coloring agents of coffee or tea.

However, these drug stains can be removed using professional methods. Recently, you can see Chlorhexidine on the shelves with an additional component to reduce possible staining. This ingredient is chelated zinc.

Other unpleasant side effects after rinsing your mouth with an antiseptic solution include the following rather rare phenomena:

  • The appearance of a bitter taste.
  • Burning.
  • Dryness and numbness in the mouth.
  • Painful sensations of the tongue and oral mucosa.
  • After a light massage, increased bleeding of the gums.
  • Short-term toothache, soreness in the gums, general discomfort and increased sensitivity of the oral cavity during the treatment of periodontitis.

Chlorhexidine analogs

The only drug that has an effect similar to our antiseptic is the German Hexicon, which has various dosage forms. But it must be said that its price is an order of magnitude higher than the domestic one.

In conclusion, we say that these antiseptic drugs can be purchased in pharmacies without a prescription. They are very popular and effective, so everyone always has them in their home medicine cabinet.

  • Author: Irina Vasilievna Komarova
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Chlorhexidine Bigluconate

Description current as of 05/07/2014

  • Latin name: Chlorhexidine Bigluconate
  • ATX code: D08AC02
  • Active ingredient: Chlorhexidine bigluconate
  • Manufacturer: Pharmacy, Lugansk (Ukraine)

Composition of Chlorhexidine

The composition of the drug 0.05% solution of Chlorhexidine bigluconate includes 0.5 mg of chlorhexidine bigluconate and additional substances.

The composition of the drug 20% ​​solution of Chlorhexidine Bigluconate includes 0.2 g of active substance and additional substances.

Release form

INN: Chlorhexidine

The form of release of the product is as follows. The drug is available in the form of a 0.05% solution for external use. In a polymer bottle with a nozzle, as well as in glass bottles of 100 ml, 1 bottle in a cardboard package.

A 20% solution of the drug is sold in polymer bottles with a cap, 100 ml, 500 ml.

Suppositories, gel (which includes lidocaine), cream, ointment, and spray with a similar active ingredient are also produced.

pharmachologic effect

An aqueous solution of Chlorhexidine Bigluconate has a local antiseptic effect, predominantly bactericidal. The product is a dichlorine-containing biguanide derivative. It affects the body by changing the properties of the cell membrane of microorganisms. The cations that are formed due to the dissociation of chlorhexidine salts react with the bacterial membranes, which have a negative charge. The effect of the drug promotes the destruction of the cytoplasmic membrane of the bacterium. Its balance is disrupted, and the bacterium eventually dies.

Chlorhexidine Bigluconate solution 0.05%, gluconate 20% effectively destroys a number of strains of microorganisms. These are Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Bacteroides fragilis, Chlamydia spp., Gardnerella vaginalis, Treponema pallidum. The drug is also active against Ureaplasma spp., and also has a moderate active effect against certain strains of Proteus spp. and Pseudomonas spp.

Viruses (with the exception of the herpes virus) and fungal spores demonstrate resistance to the drug.

If a rinse with Chlorhexidinum is used to wash hands, or the skin is treated with the drug, Chlorhexidine Bigluconate has a long-term antibacterial effect. Therefore, the drug can be used to treat the surgeon’s hands and the surgical field.

The product retains its antimicrobial activity in the presence of pus, blood, etc., but a decrease in its effectiveness is noted.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

When applied topically, Chlorhexidine is not absorbed into the bloodstream and has no systemic effect.

Indications for use

What the antiseptic is used for can be found in the detailed instructions for the drug. It is widely used to treat diseases that are caused by microorganisms sensitive to the influence of Chlorhexidine, and for their prevention.

The medicine is used to treat certain diseases depending on the concentration of the solution.

A solution of 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% is widely used to prevent infectious diseases after surgical interventions. The use of such solutions in dentistry is practiced in order to process dentures. Dentists determine how to use Chlorhexidine in dentistry during various procedures, and also use it for stomatitis and periodontitis for rinsing gums.

Skin treatment is practiced in urology (if penetration into the urethra, etc.), surgery, and gynecology before and after surgery to prevent infection. The use of the product in gynecology is practiced for the purpose of disinfecting mucous membranes and skin before carrying out a series of manipulations. How to use the solution depends on the type of procedure or manipulation.

In gynecology, Chlorhexidine is also used for thrush. To get rid of thrush, a woman is recommended to douche according to a special scheme.

Chlorhexidine is used in the treatment of many dermatological diseases of both bacterial and fungal origin. The use of the drug is also indicated in the presence of purulent wounds, diseases of the mucous membranes provoked by microorganisms sensitive to the active substance of the drug.

What Chlorhexidine is is known to those who have been seriously injured. The product is often used to treat wounds and damaged skin to prevent infection. What it is, and whether it is worth using the product in a particular case, is determined by the doctor.

Chlorhexidine digluconate solution 0.5% is used to treat damage to mucous membranes and skin, as well as for the treatment of medical instruments (the solution temperature should be 70 degrees Celsius).

Chlorhexidine Bigluconate solution 1% is used to prevent infection of burns and wounds, for disinfection before operations, as well as for the treatment of instruments and devices that cannot be subjected to heat treatment.

Chlorhexidine Bigluconate solution 5% and 20% is used when preparing solutions based on water, glycerin or alcohol.

Contraindications

The following contraindications to the use of this product are noted:

  • High sensitivity to the components of the product.
  • Not used to treat patients suffering from dermatitis.
  • Do not use at the same time with other antiseptics (hydrogen peroxide, etc.).
  • It is not advisable to use it for disinfection of the surgical field before surgery or after interventions on the central nervous system and auditory canal.
  • Not used in ophthalmology (the answer to the question whether it is possible to wash the eyes with this product is negative, since in ophthalmology only a specially prepared solution is used).
  • For the treatment of children, use with caution.

Side effects

When using Chlorhexidine Bigluconate during treatment, the following side effects were observed in some patients:

With prolonged use of mouth rinsing and irrigation, taste sensations may change, tartar may appear, and teeth will discolor.

Instructions for use Chlorhexidine Bigluconate (Method and dosage)

The instructions for Chlorhexidine stipulate that aqueous and alcoholic solutions of Chlorhexidine are used for the local treatment of infectious diseases.

Instructions for use of Chlorhexidine Bigluconate for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases are as follows. A 0.05% solution is used no more than two hours after unprotected sexual intercourse. For men, 2-3 ml of the product is injected into the urinary canal, for women, 1-2 ml is injected into the urinary canal and another 5-10 ml into the vagina (like douching in gynecology). It is also advisable to treat the skin near the genitals with the solution. The instructions on how to use the drug in this case contain a warning that urination should be done no earlier than 2 hours after using the drug. Otherwise, the effectiveness of the action decreases.

For prevention in this case, suppositories with Chlorhexidine Bigluconate can also be used.

How to douche with Chlorhexidine for thrush and other gynecological diseases, and whether it is possible to douche when certain symptoms appear, you should definitely ask your gynecologist in advance. For douching, a ready-made solution of 0.05% is used, which does not require additional dilution. Before douching, you need to lie down horizontally and, after squeezing a few drops of the product from the bottle into the vagina, lie down for a few minutes. If allergic reactions develop, such procedures should not be performed.

The method of using Chlorhexidine for inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract is as follows: 2-3 ml of 0.05% is injected into the urinary canal once or twice a day. The course of treatment lasts 10 days. This method of application is practiced in men and women.

To treat burns, wounds and other skin injuries, a solution of the drug 0.05%, 0.02% or 0.5% is used. It is used for irrigation or applications. The application is left for a period of 1 to 3 minutes. A spray with a similar active ingredient can also be used.

If it is necessary to disinfect the skin before surgery, use a 20% solution of Chlorhexidine digluconate, which is diluted with 70% ethyl alcohol (1 part of a 20% solution of Chlorhexidine digluconate and 40 parts of 70% alcohol). The surgical field is treated twice with an interval of 2 minutes.

In ENT practice, Chlorhexidine is used for sore throat, pharyngitis, and tonsillitis. If you have a sore throat, you should gargle with a solution of 0.2% or 0.5%.

Before using Chlorhexidine as a gargle, it is recommended to rinse your mouth thoroughly with warm water. Next, gargling for a sore throat is carried out as follows: you should take 10–15 ml (about a tablespoon) of the solution, which can be used to gargle for about 30 seconds. You can repeat these steps one more time. After rinsing, it is advisable not to take food or liquid for 1 hour. The doctor will tell you how to gargle with Chlorhexidine, as well as how many times a day you need to perform this procedure for the throat, taking into account the patient’s individual symptoms. You should also ask the specialist whether it is possible to gargle with Chlorhexidine if the patient notices side effects.

It should be noted that if rinsing your mouth with Chlorhexidine causes a burning sensation, then most likely the solution is too concentrated. The highest permissible concentration is no more than 0.5%. You must first study the instructions on how to dilute the medicine for mouth rinsing. After teeth extraction, rinse your mouth three times a day for 1 minute. Is it possible to rinse your mouth more often and how to rinse your mouth if complications are noted after tooth extraction, you need to find out from a specialist.

Chlorhexidine solution should not be swallowed while rinsing; if the solution accidentally gets into the stomach, you need to drink activated carbon tablets (1 tablet per 10 kg of person’s weight).

Rinsing the nose for sinusitis with this drug should not be practiced independently. Whether it is possible to rinse the nose is determined solely by the doctor. A solution taken into the nose can enter the cavity of the inner ear or onto the lining of the brain, which is fraught with the development of serious complications.

Overdose

According to the instructions, an overdose of the drug is impossible. If the drug is swallowed, gastric lavage, use of activated charcoal, and symptomatic treatment are indicated.

Interaction

If the pH of the medium exceeds 8, a precipitate forms. If hard water was used when preparing the solution, its bactericidal effect is reduced.

Does not combine with anionic compounds, in particular soap.

Ethyl alcohol enhances the bactericidal effect.

Terms of sale

Sold in pharmacies without a doctor's prescription.

Storage conditions

The drug should be stored in a dark, dry place, storage temperature - from 1 to 25 degrees Celsius.

Best before date

A 0.05% solution can be stored for 2 years.

A 20% solution can be stored for 3 years.

Prepared solutions can be stored for 1 week.

special instructions

The solution remains active in the presence of blood and organic substances. Contact of the drug with the eyes, membranes of the brain and the auditory nerve should be prevented.

In people with an open head injury, damaged spinal cord, or perforation of the eardrum, it is necessary to avoid getting the product on the surface of the brain, meninges, and also in the tympanic cavity.

If the drug gets into your eyes, rinse them immediately.

It is not recommended to mix with other detergents and disinfectants.

If clothing has been in contact with the product, do not expose it to hypochlorites that produce active chlorine.

Analogs

Analogs of Chlorhexidine Bigluconate are drugs that contain a similar active substance. Analogues are available in the form of different dosage forms - gels, solutions, ointments, suppositories. These are Hexicon, Hexicon D (for children), Hibiscrub, Amident, etc.

Other antiseptics, such as iodine or hydrogen peroxide, can also be used.

Many people are convinced that Miramistin and Chlorhexidine are the same thing. In fact, these drugs do belong to the same class of antiseptics. What is the difference between Chlorhexidine and Miramistin is in the active substances contained in the preparations. Miramistin is not a complete analogue of Chlorhexidine. It has a pronounced antifungal and antiviral effect. Therefore, there are some differences in the indications for use of this drug. Miramistin is not contraindicated for people suffering from dermatitis.

Synonyms

For children

For the treatment of children, the drug is used with caution and only after a doctor’s prescription.

During pregnancy and lactation

Chlorhexidine can be used topically during pregnancy and breastfeeding. However, despite the fact that pregnancy is not a contraindication to the use of the drug, prolonged use of the solution is not recommended.

Gargling during pregnancy is possible only under the supervision of a doctor.

Reviews of Chlorhexidine

Reviews of Chlorhexidine Bigluconate are mostly positive. Experts and patients note a pronounced antiseptic effect when using the solution. Positive results when using the solution are observed when gargling, in dentistry, and in gynecology. Side effects in patients are very rare. A positive effect is also noted when used for acne; reviews in this case are also good.

Chlorhexidine for the face is used in the form of a 0.01% solution, it has an antimicrobial effect when it penetrates the skin. However, reviews note that it is better to ask a dermatologist about whether it is possible to wipe your face with such a solution, since an individual reaction to the drug is possible.

According to reviews, Chlorhexidine effectively cures acne if used correctly. The product should be wiped over the area around the formations on the face. Many people note that you can quickly get rid of acne by using it in combination with other products.

Shampoo with a 4% solution of Chlorhexidine has been successfully used to prevent skin infections in pets. According to reviews, this shampoo for dogs and cats cleanses the skin well and makes the coat silky.

Chlorhexidine price, where to buy

The price of Chlorhexidine depends on the concentration of the solution. Most often in pharmacies you can buy Chlorhexidine 0.05%, which is ready for use. The cost of such a drug in Moscow is approximately 12–18 rubles per 100 ml. If the place of sale is Ukraine, then the price of the solution is approximately 5-6 UAH. for 100 ml.

The price of Chlorhexidine suppositories is RUB. for 10 pcs. Price Chlorhexidine Bigluconate spray – rub. How much a gel containing Chlorhexidine costs in a pharmacy depends on the drug. The price is approximately 100 rubles.

  • Online pharmacies in Russia Russia

Pharmacy IFC

Education: Graduated from Rivne State Basic Medical College with a degree in Pharmacy. Graduated from Vinnitsa State Medical University named after. M.I. Pirogov and internship at his base.

Work experience: From 2003 to 2013 – worked as a pharmacist and manager of a pharmacy kiosk. She was awarded diplomas and decorations for many years of conscientious work. Articles on medical topics were published in local publications (newspapers) and on various Internet portals.

Rinse overnight (1 tablespoon) for 2 minutes. after brushing your teeth. The effect is amazing.

If you use it, you need to use it correctly! It had a bad effect on me. When I looked in the mirror in the morning, I saw that there was something like a rash on my face, so I thought, “okay, it’ll pass,” I took Suprastin because I thought it was an allergy, but it’s not an allergy and it didn’t help me. When I woke up the next day, I noticed a terribly swollen face; I was very scared and didn’t know what to do. I bought ointment and tablets and used them. The next day after using the ointment and tablets, the face was just as swollen and had no effect. It’s very scary, if anyone knows what to do, please help, I don’t know what to do. =-O

Yes, for those who crush pimples, chlorhexidine is an irreplaceable thing.

Chlorhexidine is a very good remedy. After giving birth, I evaluated Bipanten ointment with chlorhexidine for myself and for the child. Even before pregnancy, I tried to treat acne with Chlorhexidine solution, it very quickly relieves redness and swelling, and the pimple soon heals. Therefore, I began to wipe my entire face with the solution 2-3 times a day, but I got the opposite effect. The cosmetologist said that it was impossible to use disinfectants so uncontrollably; I had to continue treatment with Metrogyl. But I still wiped my face with Chlorhexidine when I squeezed out pimples. I know that I shouldn’t push, but my hands reached out on their own.

Konstantin: What I liked about the drug Prostanorm: reasonable price, pronounced effect of taking it.

Valentina: I, too, am all about diet and exercise. I hoped for loads, I thought that my healthy lifestyle.

Nina: I was on pills for a year and a half, then somehow everything calmed down. Mostly climatefit.

Elena: With the onset of menopause, the skin completely deteriorated and became dry. I saw a cream for .

All materials presented on the site are for reference and informational purposes only and cannot be considered a treatment method prescribed by a doctor or sufficient advice.

The site administration and the authors of the articles are not responsible for any losses and consequences that may arise when using the site materials.

Source: http://medside.ru/hlorgeksidin-biglyukonat

Instructions for use of Chlorhexidine

This article should satisfy you and answer all your questions about the use of Chlorhexidine. Chlorhexidine - what is it? Use of this drug? Composition, release form, instructions for use, etc. We will try to answer these and other questions.

What is chlorhexidine?

In order to understand what this drug is, you need to understand what components it consists of.

Compound

Composition of 0.05% solution of Chlorhexidine Bigluconate:

  • 0.5 mg chlorhexidine bigluconate;
  • additional substances.

20% solution of Chlorhexidine Bigluconate:

  • 0.2 g chlorhexidine bigluconate;
  • additional substances.

Composition of suppositories, gel, ointment, Chlorhexidine spray:

  • active substance - chlorhexidine;
  • additional substances;
  • icecaine.

Release form

Name – Chlorhexidine. Available in the form of a solution for external use of 0.05% and 20%. And also in the form of suppositories, gels, sprays and ointments.

A solution of 0.05% Chlorhexidine is provided in a polymer bottle with a nozzle or glass bottles of 100 ml. The packaging for the drug is cardboard type. This cardboard package contains 1 bottle.

A solution of 20% Chlorhexidine is available in polymer bottles with a cap, containing 100 or 500 ml.

Vaginal suppositories are available in 8 and 16 mg doses.

pharmachologic effect

Chlorhexidine is a powerful antiseptic. The desired effect on bacterial spores can only be achieved at elevated temperatures. It is at this moment that the active substance of this drug acts on the bacterial membrane, thereby destroying it.

Viruses and fungal spores are more resistant to the drug, with the exception of herpes.

In addition, the active substance, chlorhexidine, perfectly disinfects and cleanses the skin of the hands. Therefore, it can even be used for washing hands, as well as when treating the surgeon’s hands and operating elements.

Its activity, although reduced, is also observed in the presence of purulent wounds, blood, etc.

Indications for use

The drug comes with detailed instructions, which describe the indications for use step by step. An antiseptic is used to treat diseases caused by microorganisms and for prevention.

The concentration of the solution is correctly distributed in the treatment of certain diseases.

Solutions for local and external use are used in the postoperative period. And also for the treatment of dentures in dentistry or for the treatment of periodontitis and stomatitis. The drug is used in prescribed quantities by the dentist himself.

Uses and Applications of Chlorhexidine

Solutions of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% are used:

  • in care after surgery in the departments of dentistry and ENT.

Solutions of 0.05%, 0.2% are used:

  • when treating ulcers, burns with infection, fungal diseases and bacteria of the skin and mucous membranes in dentistry;
  • for the prevention of infectious diseases in obstetrics, gynecology, urology and surgery;
  • for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and skin disinfection.

A 0.2% solution is used:

  • For processing removable dentures.
  • For treatment and sanitation of the genital parts of the body in gynecology during diagnosis or treatment.

A 0.5% solution is used:

  • For disinfection of wounds and burns.
  • For treating abrasions and cracks of the skin, as well as open mucous membranes.
  • For sterilization of instruments in medicine at a temperature of 70 degrees.

A 1% solution is used:

  • For disinfection of thermometers, surfaces and medical surfaces that cannot be subjected to heat treatment.
  • For treating the surgeon's hands and his surgical field. And, of course, skin treatment, both during and after surgery.

A 5% solution is used:

  • in the preparation of alcohol, aqueous or glycerin concentrates from 0.01% to 1%.

Contraindications

Chlorhexidine digluconate should not be used by people with hypersensitivity to the components of the drug itself. If you have skin diseases, such as dermatitis. Children under 18 years of age should take it with great care and caution.

How to use chlorhexidine?

Chlorhexidine bigluconate is used for the prevention and treatment of a number of diseases, as well as in the form of an antiseptic for the disinfection of the skin, medical objects, etc. Chlorhexidine is used both externally and locally.

A 0.05% solution is used in an amount of 2-3 ml for men and 1-2 ml for women. It must be used no later than 2 hours after unprotected sexual intercourse. And also do not urinate for another 2 hours after taking it.

If there is a problem with urination, a 0.05% solution is usually prescribed into the urinary canal, 2-3 ml 1 or 2 times a day. Chlorhexidine, in this case, is used every other day. The course of treatment is carried out over 10 days.

In dentistry and ENT practice, 0.05 or 0.1% solutions of Chlorhexidine are used for irrigation or rinsing 2-3 times a day.

special instructions

Dispensed without a doctor's prescription. Possible side effects. Manifest in the form of: redness, itching, stickiness, skin rashes, dryness, etc. Long-term use as an antiseptic to disinfect the oral cavity may cause problems with taste buds, tooth discoloration and tartar deposits. Shelf life – 3 years. It is not recommended to use the prepared solution more than a week old. Cannot be used after expiration date. Do not allow chlorhexidine to get into the eyes, contact the meninges or the auditory nerve.

Chlorhexidine for thrush

Before starting self-medication, we still recommend consulting with a gynecologist. It may even be that you misdiagnosed yourself. In some cases, thrush may be similar to sexually transmitted diseases.

Chlorhexidine solution is a very effective method in the fight against thrush. Douching and treatment with this drug will give the desired result. Chlorhexidine is used to treat fungal and infectious diseases, as well as inflammation. With the help of such a concentrate, the genital tract is treated. It is better to use together with accompanying basic treatment agents. Douching with chlorhexidine destroys germs and stops the growth of fungi. The presence of bigluconate contributes to the long-term preservation of its medicinal and antiseptic properties over a long period.

Few people are intolerant to the drug, so its use is possible both during pregnancy and lactation. In addition to douching, vaginal suppositories containing chlorhexidine are actively used.

Before performing the douching procedure for thrush, remember that your hands and genitals must be clean.

The chlorhexidine solution is administered carefully while lying down. You need to lie down, relax, carefully insert the nipple of the bottle into the genital organ and inject the liquid. The amount of solution is prescribed by the gynecologist. When inserting, you need to slowly press on the body of the bottle, and after finishing douching, lie down for another minute so that the procedure is not carried out in vain. If you stand up after douching, the solution will flow out before it has time to take effect. The doctor should also determine how many times the solution should be administered. Usually this is 1-2 times a day. The maximum course is 10 times.

To obtain the desired result, you must follow the instructions without deviating.

Remember! It is necessary to abstain from sexual contact. It is advisable to carry out the washing procedure, but using soap is not recommended. Soap dries the skin and increases itching. It is better to add soda or furacillin to the water. After washing, you can use baby powder. The food should also be special. We recommend eliminating some foods from your diet. For example, tremors, which means bread, rolls, etc., spicy and sweet. Physical activity is also not recommended. With additional sweating, contact with the inflamed mucous membrane will cause great discomfort.

The price of such a medicine is insignificant. For a very reasonable price you can get the desired result. Chlorhexidine Bigluconate has a strong, powerful antiseptic effect. It can be useful for all types of wounds, fungi, infections and even after surgery.

  • Author: Lyudmila Petrovna Nesterenko
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Source: http://stoma.guru/preparaty/instrukciya-po-primeneniyu-hlorgeksidina.html

Chlorhexidine - instructions and price

  • ATX code: D08AC02
  • Release form: solution, spray, suppositories

Introduction to instructions for use

1. Pharmacological action

2. indications for use

  • Disinfection of the hands of medical personnel;

As a topical solution:

  • Prevention of bacterial infection in the postoperative period of patients in ENT departments;

3. Method of application

  • Hand disinfection of medical personnel - hand washing for 3 minutes;

Chlorhexidine as a solution for rinsing:

4. Side effects

  • Local allergic reactions;

5. Contraindications

  • Individual intolerance to the drug or its components;

6. During pregnancy and lactation

7. Interaction with other drugs

  • The use of the drug at high temperatures (as a means of disinfecting medical instruments) leads to the destruction of pathogenic microflora in the form of spores;

8. Overdose

9. Release form

Solution, 0.05, 0.2, 0.5, 1 or 5% - vial. 25, 50, 70, 100, 200, 500 or 1000 ml.

Spray, 0.5% - vial, bottle. 70 or 100 ml.

10. Storage conditions

11. Composition

1000 ml solution:

  • chlorhexidine bigluconate (20% solution) - 2/5 ml.

1 suppository:

  • chlorhexidine bigluconate - 16 mg.

12. Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies

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REVIEWS ABOUT THE DRUG Chlorhexidine

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Active ingredients

Pharmacological action

Disease class

  • Open wound of an unspecified area of ​​the body

Pharmacological group

  • Antiseptics and disinfectants

IMPORTANT. The information on the site is provided for informational purposes only. Do not self-medicate. At the first sign of disease, consult a doctor.

Source: http://pillsman.org/116-chlorgexidine.html

Chlorhexidine - instructions, use, reviews

Chlorhexidine (lat. Chlorhexidinum) is an antiseptic for topical use. In Russia it is produced mainly in the form of bigluconate.

Available in the form of solutions, aerosols, vaginal suppositories, external gels and creams. The drug is effective against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and some viruses. Has a bactericidal effect on pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases.

Indicated for the purpose of preventing STDs, for purulent-inflammatory processes of the skin or mucous membranes, for treating surgeon's hands, and sterilizing medical instruments. After application to the body, chlorhexidine continues to remain active for several hours.

Story

Chlorhexidine was synthesized in 1947. The formula for the drug was randomly developed by English scientists during the search for new antimalarial drugs. It turned out that the substance with experimental number “10 040” has a high affinity for the cell walls of bacteria and quickly causes their destruction. The new compound was patented as an antiseptic.

In 1954, the English pharmaceutical company Imperial Chemical Industries released the first medicinal solution of chlorhexidine bigluconate under the trade name Gibitan. Initially, the product was intended for disinfection of skin and wound surfaces, but after 3 years the range of its indications was significantly expanded. "Gibitan" began to be actively used in gynecology, urology, otolaryngology and ophthalmology.

In 1959, chlorhexidine was proposed for use in the treatment of the oral cavity, which led to its spread in dental practice.

Over time, the antiseptic began to find more and more widespread use. In the 80s it was allowed to be added to cosmetic products and lubricants. In 1993, chlorhexidine wipes were introduced to the US market for both household and medical use. In 2012, the FDA approved the release of chlorhexidine-impregnated catheters and implants.

Properties

International nonproprietary name: chlorhexidine.

Chemical name according to IUPAC nomenclature: N,N"-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide

Molecular weight: 505.5

Chlorhexidine is a white crystalline powder, highly soluble in water. Aqueous solutions have an alkaline reaction. Melting point -ºС. According to the chemical structure, the compound belongs to biguanide derivatives.

Clinical data

The therapeutic activity and safety of chlorhexidine have been studied in dozens of international clinical studies. The drug has confirmed its high effectiveness against a wide range of bacteria, fungi and protozoan microorganisms.

A large trial in 1988 (Garibaldi, R. A) compared the antibacterial properties of chlorhexidine and povidone iodine. 700 patients who were scheduled for surgery took part in the experiment. Immediately before the operation, the volunteers took a shower with one of the antiseptics. Laboratory test data showed that chlorhexidine reduced the number of microbial colonies on the skin by 9-9.5 times, while povidone-iodine only reduced the number of microbial colonies on the skin by 1.5-2 times.

In the US, the National Institute of Children's Health assessed the effect of treating newborns with chlorhexidine a few hours after birth on infant mortality rates. The study was conducted in Nepal, where the percentage of births at home is high. Outreach was carried out among 413 local communities, whose members were advised to treat infants with a 4% chlorhexidine solution. Over 4 years of observation, the frequency of child deaths in the studied populations decreased by 30%.

In 1999, the University of Oslo studied the ability of an antiseptic to reduce the transmission of pathogenic streptococci from mother to child during childbirth. A 0.2% solution of the drug was administered intravaginally to infected women during contractions. The results showed that the incidence of illness in infants was reduced by an average of 20%. No adverse reactions associated with exposure to chlorhexidine were observed in children.

A blinded, placebo-controlled study on the effect of the drug on stomatitis was conducted at the University of Kentucky in 1988. In patients who agreed to use chlorhexidine rinses, the authors noted a decrease in ulceration of the oral mucosa, a decrease in colonies of streptococci and yeast fungi.

In all trials, doctors paid attention to the good safety profile of the drug. In rare cases, irritation to the eyes and skin was noted. It was possible to eliminate side effects after reducing the concentration of antiseptic solutions.

Toxicity Information

The toxicity of chlorhexidine was studied in laboratory experiments on white mice. A 0.5% solution was administered to animals subcutaneously, intravenously and intraperitoneally. The drug has been proven to lack mutagenic, teratogenic and embryotoxic effects. A weak inhibitory effect on the functions of the reproductive organs was noted.

Composition, release forms, packaging

The following forms of chlorhexidine are available on the Russian pharmaceutical market:

  • Aqueous solutions with a concentration of the active substance of 0.05; 0.1; 0.15; 0.2; 0.5; 1; 4, 5 and 20%. The drug is packaged in plastic vials, bottles or aerosol cans.
  • Alcohol solutions with an active substance concentration of 0.5 or 0.8%. This form is sold in ml bottles.
  • Vaginal suppositories containing 16 and 8 mg of active ingredient. They are packaged in plastic blisters and then in cardboard packs of 5 or 10 pieces.
  • 0.5% gel for external use. Produced in linear tubes.
  • 1% cream for external use. Available in 50 g tubes.
  • 1% emulsion (in glycerin) for external use. Packaged in 200 ml bottles.

Mechanism of action

In a physiological environment, chlorhexidine dissociates to form active cations that interact with negatively charged bacterial cell walls. Conditions for binding are most favorable at pH values ​​from 5 to 8.

At low concentrations, the drug blocks the transport of ions through the membranes of pathogenic cells, which leads to the development of a bacteriostatic effect. At concentrations greater than 0.01%, cell walls rupture, resulting in rapid death of microbes.

In the presence of blood and pus, the effectiveness of the drug decreases slightly.

Spectrum of antimicrobial activity

Chlorhexidine is active against:

  • gram-positive bacteria (streptococci, staphylococci, clostridia),
  • gram-negative bacteria (neisseria, chlamydia, ureaplasma, bacteroides, enterobacteria),
  • yeast and yeast-like fungi,
  • dermatophytes,
  • protozoa (Trichomonas, chlamydia, etc.),
  • some viruses (herpes virus, influenza A virus).

The drug does not affect lactobacilli, acid-fast strains of bacteria and fungal spores.

Fungicidal properties appear at a concentration of chlorhexidine of more than 0.05%, virucidal properties - at a concentration of more than 1%.

Metabolism and excretion

The drug is practically not absorbed in the digestive tract. If 300 mg of chlorhexidine is accidentally ingested, the maximum plasma concentration is reached after 30 minutes. and does not exceed 0.3 µg/l. After 12 hours the drug is not detected in the blood.

The antiseptic binds well to the skin and mucous membranes. Absorption of the drug when applied topically was studied in experiments with rhesus monkeys. With regular use of an 8% solution for 3 months. trace amounts of chlorhexidine (less than 20 µg/kg) were detected in the kidneys, liver and adipose tissue of animals. The drug was not present in blood samples.

There are no data on the metabolism of chlorhexidine. The antiseptic is excreted from the body unchanged.

Indications

Aqueous solutions of chlorhexidine with a concentration of less than 0.2% are prescribed for the purpose of:

  • prevention of sexually transmitted diseases,
  • disinfection of skin (for cracks, abrasions),
  • treatment of purulent wounds, burns,
  • treatment of bacterial and fungal infections of the skin or mucous membranes,
  • treatment of inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity (gingivitis, stomatitis, alveolitis, etc.).

Indications for the use of 0.5% aqueous and alcohol solutions are:

  • disinfection of wounds, burns, cracks in the skin,
  • disinfection of medical instruments, devices and equipment for which thermal sterilization is impossible.

A 1% solution of the drug is indicated:

  • for disinfection of thermometers, instruments and equipment,
  • for treating the surgeon's hands and the surgical field,
  • for disinfection of postoperative wounds and burns.

Solutions with higher concentrations (4, 5 and 20%) are intended for the preparation of 0.01-1% aqueous, alcoholic or glycerin solutions of chlorhexidine.

The reasons for prescribing vaginal suppositories are:

  • prevention of STDs,
  • prevention of infectious complications in obstetric or gynecological practice (before abortion, childbirth, installation of an intrauterine device, etc.),
  • therapy of vaginosis, colpitis.

Gel and cream with chlorhexidine are used:

  • in dermatology - for the treatment of wounds, diaper rash, impetigo, pyoderma,
  • in urology and gynecology - for vulvovaginitis, balanoposthitis, balanitis,
  • in dentistry - in the treatment of gingivitis, periodontitis, stomatitis, aphthae, etc.

Contraindications

The product is not recommended for the following conditions:

  • dermatitis,
  • hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine.

It is forbidden to use an antiseptic to wash eyes and cavities.

Chlorhexidine should be used with caution in childhood.

Use during pregnancy or lactation

When used cutaneously, chlorhexidine preparations are not contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women.

Intravaginal forms during pregnancy and lactation should be used at the discretion of the physician after a careful assessment of their benefits to the woman and the risks to the fetus or child.

Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and other complex mechanisms

Therapy with chlorhexidine does not affect the speed of psychomotor reactions, so the drug can be prescribed to persons engaged in potentially hazardous activities.

Methods of application

Chlorhexidine solutions are applied to the skin, mucous membranes of the genitourinary organs or mouth for 1-3 minutes. by irrigation or on cotton swabs.

To prevent STDs, the solution is injected using a nozzle on the bottle: for men - into the urethra, for women - into the vagina for 2-3 minutes. After the procedure, you should not urinate for 2 hours. At the same time, it is recommended to treat the inner thighs, pubis and genitals.

To treat urethritis and uroprostatitis, the solution is injected into the urethra up to 2 times a day for 10 days. The procedures are repeated every other day.

Treatment of medical instruments and devices is carried out by wiping the surfaces with a sponge soaked in the preparation or by soaking.

The surgical field is treated twice with an interval of 2 minutes.

The surgeon's hands should be washed with soap and dry thoroughly before applying chlorhexidine.

Suppositories are administered intravaginally in the supine position. To prevent STDs, it is recommended to use 1 suppository no later than 2 hours after sexual intercourse. In other cases, 1 suppository is administered 1-2 times a day for 1-3 weeks.

Gel and cream are applied to the affected areas up to 3 times a day. The duration of treatment is determined individually, taking into account the clinical picture of the disease.

Side effects

When using chlorhexidine, the following may occur:

  • allergic reactions,
  • dermatitis,
  • itching and dry skin,
  • feeling of stickiness on the skin (during the first 3-5 minutes after application),
  • discoloration of the skin areas treated with the drug,
  • increased skin sensitivity to UV radiation (photosensitization),
  • staining of teeth, taste disturbances (only in the treatment of gingivitis),
  • itching and burning in the vagina (in case of using suppositories).

special instructions

If you accidentally use chlorhexidine orally, you should rinse your stomach and take the adsorbent. If necessary, the patient should receive symptomatic therapy.

Solutions with a concentration of more than 0.2% should not be applied to wounds and mucous membranes.

If the product gets into your eyes, you should quickly rinse them under running water, then drip a solution of sodium sulfacyl. If inflammation persists, you should consult a doctor.

Chlorhexidine is flammable, so it is recommended to keep its preparations away from heating devices.

The use of suppositories is acceptable during menstruation.

Bleaching fabrics that have previously been exposed to chlorhexidine may result in brown stains.

Interaction with other drugs

Chlorhexidine is not compatible with soaps and detergents containing sodium lauryl sulfate, saponins or sodium carboxymethylcellulose. Before using the drug, any remaining detergent must be thoroughly rinsed off.

The activity of the antiseptic is inhibited in the presence of iodine and enhanced in the presence of ethyl alcohol.

The use of hard water reduces the bactericidal effects of chlorhexidine.

Under the influence of alkalis or when heated, the drug decomposes to form 4-chloroaniline, which has carcinogenic properties.

The antiseptic can be combined with products containing benzalkonium chloride or cetrimonium bromide.

Vacation conditions

All dosage forms are available without a prescription. 20% concentrated solutions are supplied only to medical institutions.

Storage

At a temperature not higher than 25ºС. Keep away from open flame.

Best before date

For solutions - 2-3 years (depending on the manufacturer).

For candles - 2 years.

For gel and cream - 2-3 years.

Application in different countries

Chlorhexidine is approved for medical use in more than 50 countries.

The antiseptic is available in the form of independent dosage forms, and is also included in various combination products:

  • antibacterial ointments, solutions,
  • lozenges for resorption,
  • toothpastes,
  • mouth rinses,
  • shampoos.

In European countries, the acetate salt of the drug is more common, which in its pharmacological properties is completely identical to bigluconate.

In 2013, chlorhexidine was included in the WHO List of Essential Medicines.

Review of manufacturers

In the Russian Federation, chlorhexidine preparations from several dozen manufacturers are sold. The main market share belongs to domestic enterprises. Various companies produce antiseptics under the names “Chlorhexidine”, “Chlorhexidine bigluconate” or under their own patented names. Among dosage forms, solutions with a concentration of 0.05-0.15% predominate.

Some chlorhexidine preparations and their manufacturers:

SPC "Biogen" (Russia)

CJSC Central European Pharmaceutical Company (Russia)

Analogs

The antiseptic Miramistin (lat. Myramistin) is closest in its properties to chlorhexidine. The drug was developed by Soviet scientists in the 1980s. within the framework of the “Space Biotechnologies” program. At the moment, the product is produced by the Russian company CJSC Infamed and the Ukrainian company CJSC Darnitsa. Products are sold in the countries of the former USSR.

Compared to chlorhexidine, Miramistin has a wider spectrum of antimicrobial activity.

The following are sensitive to the drug:

  • gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (including strains resistant to antibiotics),
  • protozoa (chlamydia, trichomonas, etc.),
  • ascomycetes,
  • yeast and yeast-like fungi,
  • dermatophytes,
  • influenza viruses, measles, herpes, adenoviruses, coronoviruses.

Experiments also demonstrated the ability of Miramistin to reduce the activity of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Other advantages of the analogue include:

  • lack of local irritation and allergenic effects,
  • the ability to activate local immunity of the skin and mucous membranes,
  • the presence of anti-inflammatory and regenerating properties,
  • absence of negative reactions in the treatment of dental diseases (patients do not experience staining of teeth or changes in taste sensitivity).

The use of Miramistin is considered preferable in the treatment of the oral cavity, in the treatment of urological and gynecological pathologies and for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections.

At the same time, in laboratory studies it has been proven that chlorhexidine has a higher level of antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (St. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. Coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. Aeruginosa) and fungi of the genus Candida (Candida) . This leads to its more active use for aseptic purposes and in the treatment of wound infections.

In the Republic of Belarus, in addition to Miramistin, its generic, Septomirin, produced by RUE Belmedpreparaty, is widely used.

Thank you for the detailed description of the drug and good health to you all.

Source: http://farmamir.ru/2015/08/xlorgeksidin-instrukciya-primenenie-otzyvy/