Consequences of vasomotor rhinitis

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Vasomotor rhinitis in adults - symptoms and treatment

Vasomotor rhinitis is a violation of breathing through the nose due to a narrowing of the nasal cavity, due to impaired vascular tone in the mucous membrane. There are allergic and neurovegetative forms of vasomotor rhinitis.

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With this disease, the function of the vessels of the nasopharynx is disrupted, and instead of absorbing mucus, they secrete an excess amount. In other words, the patient has a constant runny nose.

At the same time, the nasal canals do not perform an important function - cleaning the incoming air from harmful substances (dust, germs and allergens). Another difficulty is that the nasal passages narrow and little air enters the lungs, which further complicates the situation.

Most people decide to eliminate vasomotor rhinitis on their own, without the help of a doctor. To do this, they buy nasal drops and think that the problem is solved. The opinion that rhinitis is not a serious illness is erroneous, since inaction will not only aggravate the disease, but will also cause serious complications. Even the manifestation of vasomotor rhinitis in a mild form can negatively affect normal life.

Neurovegetative form

As a rule, this form of vasomotor rhinitis is not characterized by seasonality. Vasomotor rhinitis occurs equally often at all times of the year and depends mainly either on external provoking factors (dustiness of the premises, aggressive vapors in the inhaled air, the presence of contact curvatures of the nasal septum), or on the previously mentioned general neurovegetative dysfunction. Usually in the latter case, patients are patients not only of a rhinologist, but also of a neurologist.

Vasomotor allergic rhinitis

Allergic vasomotor rhinitis occurs when the nasal mucosa comes into contact with various exogenous allergens. The seasonal form of allergic vasomotor rhinitis is characterized by exacerbations during the flowering period of certain plant species.

Periods of exacerbation in the year-round form are observed regardless of the seasons and flowering periods; they are caused by an allergen, contact with which is possible throughout the year.

Characteristic manifestations of allergic vasomotor rhinitis are: the appearance of sudden profuse mucous discharge, itching and burning, a feeling of congestion and headache. Also, redness of the conjunctiva of the eyes and swelling of the eyelids may be observed. Quite often, the inflammatory process can involve the Eustachian tubes, which connect the nasal cavity to the ear, resulting in a feeling of stuffiness in the ears, tinnitus and decreased hearing.

Causes

Why does vasomotor rhinitis occur, and what is it? The basis of the disease is the differentiation of the excitability of the central parts of the autonomic nervous system and the peripheral parts, which is why the nasal mucosa reacts to ordinary physiological stimuli.

The response is manifested by hyperactivity of the vascular and neurovegetative mucous membrane of the nose, which is manifested by the ability of the mucous membrane to respond to the influence of various nonspecific and specific stimuli in the form of an edematous-secretory reaction, which does not occur in healthy individuals.

Among the most common causes of vasomotor rhinitis are:

  1. An allergic reaction that occurs due to hormonal imbalance, for example, during pregnancy, taking oral contraceptives, hormonal treatment, and others;
  2. Abuse of vasoconstrictor drops;
  3. The body's sensitivity to sudden changes in temperature (meteosensitivity);
  4. Stressful situations;
  5. Allergic rhinitis;
  6. Vegetative-vascular dystonia.

Risk factors include:

  1. Bad habits. It is enough to look at a photo of a smoker’s internal organs to understand all the harm from smoking and alcohol;
  2. Dry air;
  3. Certain odors (for example, perfume or tobacco);
  4. Asthma;
  5. Gastroesophageal reflux disease;
  6. Contaminated air;
  7. Damage to the nose;
  8. Spicy food;
  9. Stressful situations, strong emotional experiences.

Other reasons can also provoke the disease in adults; it is very important to diagnose the vasomotor form of rhinitis in a timely manner and promptly begin complex treatment of the disease.

Symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis

In the case of vasomotor rhinitis in adults, the leading symptom is impaired nasal breathing. This leads to poor ventilation in the lungs, followed by poor circulation in the brain and cardiovascular system. In this regard, various nervous system disorders appear:

  • sleep disturbance;
  • headache;
  • increased fatigue;
  • weakness;
  • lack of appetite;
  • memory impairment.

Also, other symptoms are characteristic of vasomotor rhinitis in adults:

  • alternating congestion of one of the nostrils - this particular symptom is very indicative;
  • the occurrence of a feeling of congestion in a supine position on the side on which the person lies;
  • colorless, mucous and at the same time quite abundant discharge from the nose;
  • Often there is a feeling of a lump of mucus in the throat.

Vasomotor rhinitis is often similar in symptoms to allergic rhinitis. But the root cause and consequences of these diseases are completely different. Therefore, when diagnosing, it is necessary to carry out a number of tests:

  • allergy tests to identify the allergen, if any;
  • a general blood test, including eosinophils and immunoglobulin E, which will show whether an allergic process is occurring;
  • X-ray of the nasal sinuses.

The disease is also characterized by the development of attacks of deterioration of the condition with periods of improvement, during which symptoms often persist, but not to the same extent as in the acute period.

Diagnostics

Basically, to establish a diagnosis and determine its type, tests such as a general blood test and examination of nasal discharge are used.

In these tests, the decisive factors for making a diagnosis are the presence of eosinophils (leukocyte cells that increase in number mainly as a result of various allergic reactions - indicating an allergic type of rhinitis). The presence of a chronic form of rhinitis will make it possible to clarify the x-ray of the nose.

Treatment of vasomotor rhinitis

Considering the similarity of vasomotor rhinitis with some atypical forms of allergic rhinitis, it is first necessary to carry out a differential diagnosis in order to exclude the allergic nature of the disease and prevent unreasonable prescriptions of drugs. For this purpose, blood and nasal discharge tests, skin (scarification) tests with allergens are carried out.

The variety of forms of vasomotor rhinitis requires an individual approach to the treatment method for each patient. The greatest effect is achieved if it is possible to identify and eliminate the factors causing the disease, but it is not always possible to establish the root cause or cure the underlying disease.

The following measures can help reduce a runny nose:

  1. Moderate physical activity reduces the frequency of attacks, these include jogging, swimming, walking, and playing sports, strengthen the nervous system and have a positive effect on the condition of blood vessels.
  2. Treatment of stomach diseases. Vasomotor rhinitis often occurs with reflux, which is accompanied by the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus and upper respiratory tract.
  3. If abnormalities in the development of the nasal passages are detected, surgical intervention will be required.
  4. Eliminating the influence of specific factors, such as tobacco smoke, odors from chemicals, and certain foods.
  5. Contrast water shower. Alternately dousing the body with cold and hot water teaches the body to regulate vascular tone and has a beneficial effect on the state of the immune system.

Drug therapy is selected based on the symptoms of the disease, the presence of concomitant diseases and the age of the patient.

Operation

Surgical treatment of vasomotor rhinitis consists of incomplete destruction of the mucous membrane of the lower part of the nasal turbinates or injections of medications - novocaine or hormonal agents. Blood vessels causing swelling are also removed.

The following surgical methods exist:

  1. Radiofrequency ablation of the inferior turbinates;
  2. Cryodestruction of the inferior turbinates;
  3. Ultrasonic destruction of the inferior turbinates.

All of the above types of surgical intervention are aimed at partial destruction of blood vessels, reducing chronic swelling of the mucous membrane, and increasing the volume of nasal breathing. The disadvantage of surgical treatment of vasomotor rhinitis is the scars that remain in places where the doctor’s instruments impacted. In some unfavorable circumstances, they also lead to nasal congestion.

Homeopathic methods

Homeopathy involves individual treatment regimens for each patient. To cure vasomotor rhinitis, a specialist first normalizes the functioning of the stomach, intestines, liver, and nervous system.

As a result, fatigue and irritability disappear, sleep is normalized, and the immune system is strengthened. In a word, homeopathy treats a disease by eliminating the causes that provoked a malfunction of the entire body. The following homeopathic remedies can be used: ammonium, apis, hydrastis, sabadilla, sanguinaria, allium, cepa, pulsatilla.

Nasal blocks

Often the patient is offered nasal blockades with the introduction of hydrocortisone into the mucous layer. This technique relieves congestion and eliminates swelling for a long time, but due to possible addiction it is used in very rare cases.

How to treat with folk remedies

Treatment of vasomotor rhinitis is aimed at normalizing the reflex activity of the nasal mucosa and reducing attacks of rhinorrhea. Along with traditional medicine, traditional medicine methods can be used to treat rhinitis at home.

  1. You need to make a high-quality salt solution. To do this, take 1 tsp. regular salt and a glass of warm water. Mix salt in water. Then we rinse the nose with this solution.
  2. Fresh beets are grated and the juice is collected, which must be stored in the refrigerator. It is necessary to instill two drops into the nostril three times a day. After instillation, tampons are placed in the nose, also soaked in beetroot juice.
  3. Another remedy consists of the roots of calamus, elecampane, coltsfoot, wild rosemary, violet and cypress seed. Before preparing the infusion, it is recommended to grind these herbs, after which a spoonful of this collection is poured with a glass of boiling water and left overnight. In the morning, the resulting infusion is carefully filtered, after which 2-3 tablespoons are used per day before meals.
  4. Honey will help strengthen the body's defenses. It is used as a nasal rinse. You need to find high-quality honey, then dissolve 1 teaspoon in one glass of warm water. Stir thoroughly until honey is completely dissolved in water. You need to rinse your nose with this solution.
  5. Mix 2 tbsp. horsetail, 3 tbsp. dandelion root, 4 tbsp. St. John's wort, 1 tbsp. corn silk and 5 tbsp. centaury. Rose hips are also pressed there. Then take one spoon of the mixture and brew it in a third of a liter of water. The broth sits for 12 hours. Then it is boiled, cooled and filtered. Drink a third of a glass three times a day. The decoction should be stored in the refrigerator.
  6. Fir oil is lubricated in the area of ​​the maxillary sinuses in parallel with massage of the bridge of the nose and sinus area. It is recommended to conduct at least 3-4 similar massage sessions per day. The massage is carried out using special tapping with your fingertips. It promotes better discharge of nasal mucus.

According to reviews, for vasomotor rhinitis, treatment with folk remedies shows good results, however, constant monitoring by a doctor is necessary.

Reviews

  • I suffered for a year and a half, constantly lacking air. The doctors blamed everything on VSD, advised me to be less nervous and eat better :) It didn’t help... In the end I decided to take on this matter and read the information. As a result, an integrated approach helped: nasorex - 1 r. per day, aminocaproic acid - 1 r. per day and contrast wash. I did all this for 3 weeks. It helped. From time to time there are exacerbations that are not comparable in strength to what was before, that is, they are much weaker. In this case, I drip Nasorex.
  • The doctor brought me into the operating room and gave me a white robe to put on over my clothes. They sat me on a regular chair and gave me local anesthesia. Of course, I couldn’t feel my nose anymore, but the most unpleasant thing was that everything in my throat was numb. Having made sure that the anesthesia had worked, the doctor began the operation. An electrode was inserted into my nose for a few seconds, and when it became hot, it was removed. And so on several times. There was no pain at all, everything was absolutely comfortable and not scary. There was no blood either. In total, all this took a maximum of 20-30 minutes. They sent me home immediately after the procedure. The condition was terrible: weakness, a lump of mucus in the nose and throat, it was difficult to breathe even through the mouth. It was simply impossible to eat, you couldn’t taste or smell, and there was no appetite. The next morning, see the doctor for a nasal toilet. In the morning it became a little easier. I arrived for the procedure when the hospital opened at 8 am and couldn’t stand to wait any longer. The nurse cleaned my nose and I BREATHED. A LITTLE BIT, BUT I WAS BREATHING. That day I could already eat and sleep.
  • I want to tell you about my recovery from vasomotor rhinitis. I became dependent on the drops and could no longer breathe normally without them, the ENT specialist gave me a referral for surgery, when I went to get in line, the surgeon advised me - try not to drip, maybe he will recover, I was very amazed by this advice, but not right away, after a few days I decided to try, it was just torture, to put it mildly, it was at the beginning of May 15, the operation was scheduled for 7, 07, 15, changes gradually began, I decided not to go for the operation, somewhere to At the end of summer, breathing really recovered, maybe this will help someone, but be patient!

Complications

Since vasomotor rhinitis leads to impaired nasal breathing, therefore, the aeration of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is disrupted, which often leads to other ailments:

  1. Polyps are benign formations on the inflamed mucosa. They usually grow at the very top of the nasal cavity. As a result, the patient has to breathe through his mouth;
  2. Chronic sinusitis is inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. With this disease, constant pain in the face and forehead is added to nasal discharge, and swelling of soft tissues also appears;
  3. Otitis is an inflammation of the middle ear. Since the nose and ears are connected by the Eustachian tube, there is a risk of fluid particles entering the middle ear cavity, which provokes the development of an inflammatory process;
  4. Sinusitis is a lesion of the maxillary sinuses. This is the most common form of sinusitis. It is characterized by mucus entering the accessory cavities, which promotes the growth of pathogenic microorganisms;
  5. Snoring, until breathing stops.
Long-term rhinitis significantly impairs hearing due to the connection of the nasopharynx with the middle ear. In severely neglected conditions, especially with the addition of bacterial flora, complete hearing loss is possible if pus enters the cavity of the inner ear or melts the eardrum, which is located on the border with the outer ear.

As you can see, vasomotor rhinitis in adults is a rather complex disease that requires a competent and comprehensive approach to treatment. Therefore, if you suspect such rhinitis, you should contact a specialist. In this case, with correct diagnosis, effective treatment can be prescribed. It should be borne in mind that therapy for this disease can be lengthy and complex.

Good to know:

We recommend reading:

What to do when your nose is stuffy but there is no snot?

Chronic rhinitis - symptoms and comprehensive treatment

Allergic rhinitis - symptoms and treatment regimen

Rhinitis in adults - symptoms and treatment at home

7 comments

Gloat! The inside of my nose is red as meat, I can’t breathe constantly with drops nearby. When the flu starts or my throat hurts, I immediately have a runny nose. The doctors didn’t help, what should I do? Help please

You can't do without a doctor.

I read up to the word homeopathy. All the best

I read it completely. Thank you.

And our ENT specialist advised us to take Morenasal with chamomile if a runny nose bothers us. It makes it easier to get rid of colds in such bad weather, and the bottle lasts for a long time!

So I live on drops, but if I don’t drip, then I save myself by sports. Not all doctors understand this. I can live normally with such a nose.

Rinse your nose with saline solution (water no more than 30 degrees!) Draw up syringes, when you pour in the solution, say peek-a-boo (continuously while you pour in the solution!), since this closes your throat and you don’t choke, and the entire solution goes into your sinuses, and then pours out through the other nostril. Do the rinsing in the morning and at night. Make it a rule to do this daily, you will see that more solution has begun to enter, i.e. sinuses become clearer. It just saved me. Even with ARVI, I don’t use drops, but only rinse my nose with saline solution more often! Try it! It won't do any harm, but it might help! (The only drawback is that when you tilt your head sharply, a little of the solution spills out; a handkerchief will help here.) Be healthy!

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Source: http://simptomy-lechenie.net/vazomotornyj-rinit/

Vasomotor rhinitis. Causes, symptoms, signs, diagnosis and treatment of pathology

The site provides reference information. Adequate diagnosis and treatment of the disease is possible under the supervision of a conscientious doctor.

Vasomotor rhinitis is a disease of the nasal mucosa of non-inflammatory origin, resulting from a violation of the tone of the blood vessels of the nasal cavity and characterized by chronic runny nose.

A constant runny nose worsens the quality of life and this can even affect a person’s psycho-emotional state: sleep disturbance, inattention at work, increased nervousness, irritability, depression, and the like. Although the disease itself is not particularly dangerous or severe, it requires mandatory treatment, and the sooner the better.

  • The etiology (origin) of vasomotor rhinitis has not yet been precisely studied; only the factors that can trigger the onset of vasomotor rhinitis are known.
  • Many people believe that vasomotor rhinitis is not a disease, but a protective reaction to a bad environment. This fact confirms that the frequency of this disease has increased sharply over the past 30 to 40 years (a period of global progress).
  • Vasomotor rhinitis can accompany a woman throughout pregnancy and often occurs even before the woman finds out about her interesting situation, and goes away immediately after childbirth.
  • A runny nose during teething in babies is also vasomotor rhinitis. This can be explained by the presence of gum inflammation, which entails local vasodilatation and, as a consequence, vasomotor rhinitis.
  • Vasomotor rhinitis is one of the common causes of night snoring due to enlargement of the nasal turbinates.
  • Sneezing in harsh sunlight is also one of the manifestations of vasomotor rhinitis, as a manifestation of meteosensitivity.
  • Taking vasoconstrictor drops (naphthyzin, nazol and others) during vasomotor rhinitis facilitates nasal breathing temporarily and only contributes to the deterioration of the mucous membrane.

Anatomy of the nasal mucosa

Functions of the nose

  • Smell (smell recognition) occurs due to the presence of olfactory receptors on the nasal mucosa.
  • Breathing - the air flow swirls through the nasal passages and therefore moves through the nasal cavity more slowly than when breathing through the mouth, this contributes to the performance of other functions of the nose (smell, warmth, protection). From the nasal cavity, air then enters the nasopharynx and through the respiratory tract into the lungs.
  • Warming and humidification of the air in the nose occurs due to the large number of blood vessels that connect to the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and sinuses. Thanks to this, the underlying respiratory organs are protected from hypothermia and dryness.
  • The protection of the respiratory tract from dust, infections and viruses, and other foreign particles is carried out by the ciliated epithelium of the nasal mucosa; the cilia, with their movements, push these foreign particles out of the nose. This prevents infections from entering the lower respiratory tract.
  • Also in the nasal cavity, due to the abundant blood supply and a large number of lymphatic vessels, protective immunological reactions occur against infections and other foreign agents.
  • The resonator of the voice, the nose, is involved in the formation of the individual timbre of the voice.

Parts of the external nose

  • Upper part of the external nose: part of the frontal bone, plate of the ethmoid bone, part of the sphenoid bone.
  • Lateral part: nasal bone, frontal process of the maxilla, lacrimal bone, sphenoid bone, nasal cartilages - lateral cartilages, cartilages of the nasal septum, cartilages of the greater and lesser wings of the nose.
  • Lower part: palatine bone and palatal part of the upper jaw.

Structure of the nasal cavity

The nasal cavity is divided into two halves by the nasal septum, which is a quadrangle of cartilage. The anterior and lower parts of the septum are formed by the crest of the upper jaw, and the rear by part of the ethmoid bone. During life, the nasal septum often becomes deformed and curved.

  • top,
  • average,
  • lower

The turbinates divide each half into three nasal passages:

  • The openings of the sphenoid sinus and partially the ethmoid sinuses open into the upper nasal passage.
  • Middle nasal passage - in the wall of this passage there is a semilunar cleft into which the mouths of the maxillary, frontal and ethmoid sinuses emerge.
  • The mouth of the nasolacrimal duct emerges into the lower nasal passage.

Paranasal sinuses (paranasal sinuses)

Functions of the paranasal sinuses

  • humidifying and warming the air when breathing through the nose,
  • protection against foreign particles,
  • voice resonance,
  • lightening the weight of the skull bones, which acts as a shock absorber to protect the skull bones and head organs from injury and shapes the shape of the face,
  • protection of the roots of teeth and eyes from hypothermia when inhaling cold air,
  • are also involved in odor recognition.

Groups of paranasal sinuses

  • The maxillary sinuses (maxillary) are the largest sinuses that communicate with the nasal cavity through the anastomosis located in the middle meatus. The maxillary sinuses are located in the upper jaw to the right and left of the nasal cavity. The inferior orbital nerve passes through this sinus.
  • The frontal sinuses are located in the frontal bone above the brow arches, usually there are two of them, but sometimes there is one. The openings of the frontal sinuses open into the middle passage of the nasal cavity.
  • The sinuses of the ethmoid bone have a variety of shapes; the plates of the ethmoid bone divide this cavity into cells. There are anterior and posterior sinuses of the ethmoid bone. The anterior sinuses of the ethmoid bone open into the middle meatus, and the posterior sinuses into the superior nasal meatus.
  • The sphenoid sinuses are located in the sphenoid bone above the superior meatus. The anastomoses of the sphenoid bones exit into the superior nasal meatus.

The shape, size, location and number of paranasal sinuses are very individual for each person.

Anatomical and physiological features of the paranasal sinuses in children

  • a child is born with sinuses, which are small vesicles, pits, cells; in the process of growth, the formation of paranasal sinuses occurs;
  • The paranasal sinuses are fully formed by the age of 15, and the frontal sinuses even by the age of 20.

Nasal mucosa

  • olfactory,
  • respiratory (respiratory).

Olfactory part of the nasal mucosa

The olfactory part of the nasal cavity is represented by the olfactory epithelium, which differs from the respiratory section in color and thickness. Located in the area of ​​the upper nasal passage.

The mechanism of the olfactory function of the nose of the nasal mucosa

  • molecules of odorous substances reach the olfactory cilia and specific receptors of the nasal mucosa, binding to them;
  • the impulse passes to the threads of the olfactory nerve, which pass through the holes in the ethmoid bone;
  • two olfactory bulbs unite the threads of the nerve, are the primary olfactory centers, are located in the cortex of the lower parts of the hemisphere, and the primary analysis of smell occurs in them;
  • After the initial analysis of the smell, the impulse is transmitted to the cortex of the surfaces of the temporal lobes - to the highest section of the olfactory analyzer.

Factors affecting the ability to recognize odors

  • inflammatory processes, swelling (infections, viruses, allergies, vasomotor rhinitis),
  • with constant inhalation of harmful substances: smoking, smoke, dust, dry air, frequent use of disinfectant solutions and other chemicals,
  • after prolonged exposure to strong odors on the nasal mucosa, such as perfume, hot pepper and others.

Respiratory section of the nasal mucosa

Characteristics of the respiratory section of the nasal cavity

  • The respiratory section of the nose is lined with ciliated epithelium and contains a large number of cilia, on which foreign particles from the inhaled air (dust, smoke, bacteria) settle. Retained particles are removed from the nasal cavity with mucus using the oscillatory movements of these cilia towards the nostrils or pharynx.
  • The respiratory epithelium contains mucous glands that produce special mucus. Mucus retains dust particles and microbial bodies. With the help of cilia, mucus is removed from the nasal cavity.
  • The walls of the paranasal sinuses are also lined with the same mucous membrane. These three features of the nasal mucosa provide the nose with a protective function.
  • A large number of vessels - the venous plexus - approach the nasal mucosa. Thanks to this, the inhaled air is warmed. It is the condition of these vessels that determines the development of a runny nose, especially with vasomotor rhinitis.

    • Rice. Diagram and micrograph of the respiratory epithelium of the nasal mucosa

    Blood supply to the nasal cavity

    • A large number of vessels, more than in many organs, such as the liver, muscles and others, a high level of microcirculation.
    • Vascular mobility is ensured by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, as well as the unique structure of capillaries. The mobility of blood vessels is necessary for their adaptation to various factors.
    • Developed microcirculation of the nasal mucosa is ensured by an abundant number of connections (anastomoses) of arterioles and venules, which performs the function of warming and humidifying the inhaled air, and also provides the nasal mucosa with immune cells from the vascular bed.
    • The formation of venous plexuses (a dense network of venous vessels), resembling cavernous formations, are veins with elastic walls, located between arterioles and venules. The venous plexus can expand under the influence of various factors (high blood pressure, inflammatory processes, allergic rhinitis and others), and swelling of the nasal mucosa occurs.
    • The presence of closing arteries and throttle veins (vessels with peculiar valve devices) participate in the filling of the vessels of the venous plexus.

    Blood supply to the outer wall of the nose

    • the angular artery from the facial artery, which is a branch of the external carotid artery;
    • dorsal artery (arteries of the dorsum of the nose) from the ophthalmic artery, which is a branch of the internal carotid artery.

    Blood supply to the nasal cavity

    • posterior nasal lateral and septal arteries - branches of the sphenopalatine artery from the maxillary and facial arteries, which is a branch of the external carotid artery;
    • the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries from the ophthalmic artery, which is a branch of the internal carotid artery.

    Venous drainage of the nasal cavity

    • The angular vein flows into the deep vein of the face, is connected with the pterygoid plexus, then into the maxillary and facial veins, which drain into the internal jugular vein.
    • The inferior ophthalmic vein, together with the superior ophthalmic vein, flows into the cavernous sinus, and then into the jugular vein. Through the cavernous sinus, the nasal cavity is connected to the vessels of the brain.

    Regulation of vascular tone in the nasal cavity

    • Autonomic nervous system - the vasomotor centers of the brain and spinal cord transmit impulses through the autonomic nervous system to receptors located in the smooth muscles of the vascular wall, regulating tone.

    These biological active substances are secreted by the central nervous system, endothelial cells of the vascular wall and many tissues of the body in response to the influence of external or internal factors, and participate in maintaining homeostasis (preserving the normal state of the body).

    Causes of vasomotor rhinitis

    • Dysregulation of vascular tone in the nasal cavity,
    • Expansion of the venous plexuses,
    • Swelling of the nasal mucosa,
    • The result is thickening of the nasal mucosa, swelling, damage to the ciliated epithelium, disruption of the mucous glands, and changes in the olfactory epithelium. In this case, the nasal cavity ceases to fully perform its functions.

    As stated in the definition, vasomotor rhinitis is a non-inflammatory disease. Of the obligatory signs of inflammation, there is only swelling and dysfunction of the mucous membrane. And with infectious inflammation, redness, pain and heat also appear.

    Factors contributing to the development of vasomotor rhinitis

    1. Viral infections are one of the most common causes and trigger for the development of vasomotor rhinitis.

    When such air is inhaled, a reflex dilation of the vessels of the venous plexus occurs, and hyperproduction of mucus by the mucous glands occurs. Healthy people can also develop hyperproduction of mucus as a normal reaction to polluted air, but in those suffering from vasomotor rhinitis, these manifestations are more pronounced and persist for a longer period. These factors influence the local and neurogenic regulation of vascular tone.

    These drugs help to increase the volume of circulating blood in the vessels of the nasal cavity, and as a result, their expansion, and also affect the functioning of the autonomic nervous system, contributing to disruption of the regulation of vascular tone.

    In the presence of hormonal disorders in the body during physiological or pathological processes (namely, an increase in the level of estrogens - female sex hormones), a violation of the humoral regulation of vascular tone occurs.

    • diseases of the hypothalamus, adrenal glands and other organs of the endocrine system with imbalances of hormones involved in the regulation of vascular tone.

    Forms of vasomotor rhinitis:

    • The neurovegetative form develops when there is a violation of the regulation of vascular tone in the entire bloodstream or only in the vessels of the nasal cavity.

    Symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis

    Stages of vasomotor rhinitis

    1. stage of periodic attacks,
    2. stage of prolonged attacks,
    3. stage of polyp formation,
    4. stage of fibrosis.

    With a constant runny nose, the patient is bothered by itching in the nose and wants to scratch the inside of the nose.

    Diagnosis of vasomotor rhinitis

    Patient Interview

    Based on the history of development of exacerbations of chronic runny nose, vasomotor rhinitis can be suspected.

    • The presence of symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis: nasal congestion, sneezing, itching of the nasal mucosa and others.
    • the general condition is usually not disturbed, but the patient may be irritable, tired,
    • breathing through the mouth or noisy through the nose,
    • mucous or watery discharge from the nose,
    • frequent sneezing,
    • redness of the nose and eyes.

    Rhinoscopy

    Rhinoscopy is an examination of the nose, usually performed by an ENT doctor using special instruments (ear specula for young children and nasal speculum for older children and adults).

    • Anterior rhinoscopy - a nasal speculum is inserted into the nose to a depth of 1 - 2 cm in a closed form, and in the anterior sections of the nose the branches of the mirror are opened. Using this method, the anterior sections of the nasal septum, the inferior choana, the lower and common nasal meatus are examined. By changing the position of the head, you can examine the anterior part of the middle choana and middle meatus.
    1. During the period of remission, changes are not detected during rhinoscopy. Anatomical defects of the nose, adenoids, polyps and other growths can be identified.

    Laboratory diagnostics for vasomotor rhinitis

    1. A general blood test in the neurovegetative form of vasomotor rhinitis is usually normal. In the allergic form, there may be eosinophilia (increased levels of eosinophils, the norm is from 1 to 5%).

    Treatment of vasomotor rhinitis

    Sanitation of the nasal cavity

    Sanitation of the nasal cavity is necessary to eliminate factors that provoke exacerbation of vasomotor rhinitis. These measures include washing with solutions containing minerals and saline solutions. In cases of mild vasomotor rhinitis, rinsing the nasal cavity with saline solutions helps to effectively relieve swelling of the mucous membrane and normalize vascular tone.

    Conservative treatment of vasomotor rhinitis

    Beclomethasone, Nasobek and others.

    The duration of treatment is from several weeks to several months.

    The course of treatment is up to 2 months.

    Humer, Dolphin and others

    *The use of any medications has its own contraindications and side effects, which are indicated directly in the instructions for the drug, and the doctor takes them into account.

    **Doses in this table are for adults only.

    • Novocaine blockade - the introduction of novocaine into the mucous membrane of the inferior nasal concha, promotes vasoconstriction by suppressing the sensitivity of their receptors.
    • Intramucosal administration of corticosteroids.

    Surgery

    Surgery is resorted to in cases where conservative treatment has not produced a positive effect. Surgical treatment is primarily aimed at dilated vessels and correction of anatomical defects in the structures of the nasal cavity.

    • Septoplasty – operations to straighten the nasal septum, removal of adenoids and other formations in the nasal cavity,
    • partial excision of the vessels of the mucous membrane of the inferior turbinates (submucosal vasotomy),
    • electroplasma coagulation – destruction of blood vessels using a coagulator;
    • ultrasonic disintegration – destruction of dilated vessels by ultrasound,
    • laser destruction of dilated vessels.

    After the destruction of the dilated vessels, the swelling of the mucous membrane stops, the normal functioning of the mucous glands and ciliated epithelium is restored.

    Physiotherapy

    Physiotherapy is used as an additional treatment method in combination with other drugs. The use of this method has shown high efficiency.

    • phonophoresis with hormonal drugs - the use of ultrasound on the cells of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and nasal vessels, normalizes vascular tone, restores damaged mucous membrane and the functioning of mucous glands and cilia, the most effective method of physiotherapy.
    • electrophoresis with calcium chloride – strengthens the wall of blood vessels, increases their tone and resistance, relieves swelling, and helps normalize the function of the venous plexuses.
    • laser therapy - relieves swelling of the mucous membrane, normalizes local mechanisms for regulating vascular tone, most effective in relation to arterioles and venules.

    Physical procedures are carried out daily for 10 – 12 days.

    Lifestyle and nutrition with vasomotor rhinitis

    To normalize vascular tone, it is necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle and diet:

    • Hardening is the best way to tone and train blood vessels. It must be started in the summer with a gradual decrease in the temperature of the water for washing, bathing, and dousing.

    Consequences and complications of vasomotor rhinitis

    • Recovery with effective treatment and/or elimination of the causes that provoked attacks of exacerbation of the runny nose. The most common outcome of vasomotor rhinitis.
    • Transition to a chronic form, repetition of attacks when encountering provoking factors.
    • Complicated course of vasomotor rhinitis.
    1. Frequent infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract and lungs with vasomotor rhinitis are associated with poor functioning of the nose and breathing through the mouth (the air is not cleaned or warmed).
    2. The development of bacterial rhinitis and sinusitis (purulent sinusitis, sinusitis), since with vasomotor rhinitis, a secondary bacterial infection often attaches to the nasal mucosa.
    3. Hearing impairment due to the inflammatory process in the Eustachian (auditory) tube, which exits into the nasopharynx cavity.
    4. The formation of polyps (proliferation of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses), the third stage of vasomotor rhinitis requires mandatory surgical treatment, and does not go away on its own.
    5. Fibrosis of the mucous membrane and carnification - germination of the mucous membrane and polyps with connective tissue, complete cessation of the functioning of the nose as such. Requires mandatory surgical and physiotherapeutic treatment, the prognosis is unfavorable.

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    Source: http://www.polismed.com/articles-vazomotornyjj-rinit-prichiny-simptomy-priznaki-diagnostik.html

    Why is vasomotor rhinitis dangerous? Symptoms and consequences of the chronic form of the disease

    This disease brings a lot of trouble. It causes discomfort, pain, weakness, and difficulty breathing. The negative impact of the disease affects the entire body.

    Before starting treatment, it is recommended to study the symptoms, causes of the disease and possible complications. This will help in the fight against the disease.

    What is vasomotor allergic rhinitis?

    Experts determine that vasomotor allergic rhinitis is a violation of breathing through the nose due to the narrowing of its cavities. It occurs due to exposure to allergens that irritate the nasal mucosa, leading to swelling and inflammation.

    This disease is one of the most common. With this disease, the functioning of blood vessels in the body is disrupted, the nasopharynx is affected, which causes shortness of breath and lack of air.

    Patients often experience dizziness and even fainting. The disease occurs in both adults and children.

    During the treatment period, it is recommended to maintain bed rest and avoid intense physical activity.

    If you start treatment on time, in the early stages, the disease can be eliminated quite quickly, avoiding complications.

    Patients complain of frequent sneezing and tickling in the nose. The disease most often occurs in people aged 20 to 40 years.

    This is explained by the fast pace of life, heavy workload, lack of time for self-care, exposure to stress, and reduced immunity.

    In most cases, a person does not believe until the last minute that he has rhinitis. He attributes the symptoms to a cold or runny nose.

    Types and forms of the disease

    There are three forms of vasomotor rhinitis:

    Depending on the symptoms, three types of the disease are distinguished:

    • Vasomotor. Severe swelling, no mucus.
    • Hypersecretory. There is no swelling, but a lot of mucus is released.
    • Combined. The most severe type, in which there is both swelling and mucus. Treatment is delayed for several weeks, more drugs are used than in the other two cases.

    Causes of appearance in adults

    The disease occurs in adults for the following reasons:

    • Hormonal imbalance. It occurs more often in women than in men. Hormonal imbalance occurs during menstruation and pregnancy.
    • The body's sensitivity to pollen, dust, certain foods, and changes in air temperature.
    • Long-term use of nasal drops. Harms the mucous membranes and leads to dryness. Some drops are addictive and cause stuffiness.
    • Vegetative-vascular dystonia.
    • Stress.
    • Dry, polluted air.
    • Bad habits.
    • Asthma.
    • Gastroesophageal reflux disease.

    Any damage to the nose, including a deviated nasal septum, can lead to this disease. Swelling and inflammation occur due to these disorders. They lead to rhinitis.

    Symptoms and signs of vasomotor rhinitis

    It is not difficult to identify the disease. It has pronounced symptoms, which include:

    • Nasal congestion.
    • Labored breathing.
  • Dizziness.
  • Headache.
  • Cough.
  • Weakness.
  • Sleep disorders.
  • Memory impairment.
  • Lack of appetite.
  • Colorless mucus.
  • Feeling of a lump of mucus in the throat.
  • Dyspnea.
  • Decreased performance.

    • With a long course of the disease, the walls of the vessels in the nasal cavity may weaken, which leads to the appearance of blood from the nose when intensively blowing the nose.

    From the first days of the disease, a person becomes lethargic and drowsiness. Due to lack of oxygen, dizziness occurs. In general, my health is deteriorating.

    If the allergen continues to affect the body, the person experiences many difficulties: swelling increases, colorless discharge in the form of mucus appears.

    Experts advise avoiding the allergen and trying to protect yourself from repeated exposure, otherwise very serious complications may develop.

    From the first days of illness, you should think about treating rhinitis.

    Psychosomatics of the disease

    The psychosomatics of the disease lies in the cause of changes in the functioning of the nervous and endocrine systems. Due to disruption of the functioning of these systems, the reaction of the nasal mucosa to allergens greatly changes. She becomes sensitive.

    It is not difficult to cause symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis. The protection of the mucous membrane weakens, bacteria in the nose begin to actively multiply and negatively affect the body. With weakened immunity, rhinitis develops quite quickly.

    Experts say that this disease often appears in depressed people exposed to stress. Increased stress on the nervous system can also lead to its failure and increased sensitivity of the nasal mucosa.

    It is very important to deal with stress and take care of the nervous system to avoid consequences.

    It has been noted that in positive people, vasomotor allergic rhinitis is much less common. This is explained by the health of the nervous system, strong immunity, capable of fighting various ailments.

    Consequences and complications

    Complications of vasomotor allergic rhinitis include:

    • Respiratory tract infections.
    • Purulent sinusitis.
    • Polyp formation.
    • Hearing impairment.
    • Fibrosis of the mucosa and carnification.

    If we talk about the consequences, experts identify three possible options:

    • Recovery. Occurs with proper treatment and regular visits to the doctor.
    • Chronic form. Occurs due to frequent exposure to an allergen.
    • Complications. They happen due to the individual characteristics of the body, improper treatment, or ignoring doctor’s recommendations.

    Thus, vasomotor allergic rhinitis is a serious disease. If left untreated, unpleasant complications can occur.

    It is recommended to avoid exposure to the allergen and consult a doctor for help. Timely and correct treatment will help you recover. The main thing is to follow the recommendations of a specialist.

    Video on the topic

    An otolaryngologist explains why vasomotor rhinitis occurs in the video below:

    Source: http://101allergia.net/simptomy/nasmork/vazomotornyj-rinit.html

    Symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis. Vasomotor rhinitis: causes, diagnosis, treatment

    Vasomotor rhinitis is considered a common disease, which is accompanied by extremely unpleasant symptoms. It is not easy to detect, but timely treatment can completely eliminate the problem. This article provides detailed information about what vasomotor rhinitis is (symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment of the disease).

    General information

    The nasal mucosa contains a large number of tiny vessels. They, narrowing or expanding, regulate the volume of incoming air. This process is possible due to the contraction of the walls of blood vessels. If the normal regulation of their tone is disrupted for some reason, the walls weaken and fill with blood. As a result, swelling develops, which indicates vasomotor rhinitis.

    Main reasons

    The disease develops as a result of disruption of the usual regulation of vascular tone, which are located in the nasal mucosa. The reasons for this pathology may be the following:

    • Vegetovascular dystonia.
    • Taking certain groups of medications.
    • Hypotension.
    • The presence of polyps in the nasal cavity.
    • Disturbances at the endocrine level.
    • Physical/emotional stress.

    All of the above factors, to one degree or another, can influence the occurrence of a pathology such as vasomotor rhinitis.

    Symptoms of the disease and its types

    In total, there are two main types of this disease: allergic and neurovegetative. Each of them is characterized by certain symptoms and pathogenesis.

    The occurrence of neurovegetative rhinitis may be associated with disorders at the endocrine level, long-term use of certain groups of medications (Galazolin, Naphthyzin) and a reflex effect on the nasal mucosa. In this case, a runny nose occurs in the form of short-term attacks and without obvious reasons. Most often this problem occurs in the morning. If at this moment you look at the nasal mucosa through rhinoscopy, you can see the bluish color of the soft tissues. As soon as the attack begins to subside, they take on a healthy appearance.

    The allergic form develops when the nasal mucosa comes into contact with various types of allergens. Symptoms of this type of vasomotor rhinitis are characterized by the appearance of copious mucus discharge along with severe itching and burning. A person notices headaches and a constant feeling of nasal congestion. Swelling of the conjunctiva of the eyes and eustachian tubes is very rare.

    The allergic form of the disease is divided into two types:

    1. Seasonal rhinitis. A runny nose occurs due to the action of visible allergens and is characterized by a short-term manifestation. This form does not require surgery and can be easily treated with antihistamines and vasoconstrictor drops.
    2. Year-round rhinitis. A runny nose is chronic. The probability of the disease occurring at any time of the year is quite high.

    How does the disease manifest itself?

    Symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis depend on the form of the disease. However, experts name a number of signs that characterize this pathology as a whole:

    • Congestion of the nasal passages.
    • The appearance of copious mucous discharge, accompanied by pain, itching and burning.
    • Frequent sneezing.
    • Profuse lacrimation.
    • Feeling of weakness, slight increase in temperature.
    • Difficulty breathing during illness provokes deterioration in ventilation of the lungs, which causes shortness of breath and heavy mouth breathing.
    • Pale skin, appearance of dark circles under the eyes.

    The most striking sign of vasomotor rhinitis is difficulty breathing. This problem may be temporary or permanent. Physical activity removes such symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis, but after rest they return again. The patient may experience bouts of sneezing or severe runny nose. In a lying position, due to blood redistribution, the condition usually worsens. This is explained by even greater swelling of the nasal mucosa.

    The acute version of the disease occurs instantly and develops in just a few hours. It begins with increased sneezing and copious discharge from the nasal cavity. Swelling of the eyelids appears, the skin on the face acquires a reddish tint. All of the above signs are a kind of warning. Such an attack can end very quickly, leaving behind only mild swelling of the nasal mucosa.

    What is the difference between chronic vasomotor rhinitis? Symptoms of this form of the disease manifest themselves in the form of thickening of the nasal mucosa, the epithelium becomes multilayered, and goblet cells filled with mucus gradually accumulate. As the disease progresses, the response to vasoconstrictor drugs decreases. Typically, this condition can only be corrected through surgery.

    Neurovegetative vasomotor rhinitis

    This type of disease is not characterized by seasonality. This means that the disease develops equally at any time of the year under the influence of certain factors. These include:

    • Environmental dustiness.
    • Deviation of the nasal septum.
    • Presence of chemicals in the atmosphere.
    • Increased neurovegetative dysfunction.

    We can say that this form of the disease is exclusively an external problem. To eliminate it, it is necessary to look for the underlying causes that contributed to the development of changes in the central nervous system.

    The clinical picture of the disease is characterized by nasal congestion and copious mucus discharge. Symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis in this case increase at the time of the next attack. Patients experience unbearable itching, headache and a feeling of pressure. Such attacks occur suddenly and disappear after 2-3 hours.

    At night, the symptoms intensify, as the parasympathetic nervous system increases its functioning at the time of rest. Congestion manifests itself in the nasal passage, which is located below when a person lies down.

    Treatment of this disease takes time. The effectiveness of the therapy is noted if the patient seeks help when primary signs of the disease appear.

    Allergic vasomotor rhinitis

    This form of the disease occurs when the nasal mucosa comes into direct contact with various allergens. The seasonal form is characterized by a period of exacerbation during the flowering of certain plant species. The year-round variant of the disease is observed regardless of the season. It occurs as a result of direct contact with an allergen, contact with which is possible throughout the year.

    What are the symptoms of allergic vasomotor rhinitis? Symptoms of this form may be the following: sudden excessive secretion of mucus, burning and itching, sinus congestion, constant headaches. Some patients experience redness of the conjunctiva of the eyes.

    Drug treatment is prescribed only after identifying a specific allergen and stopping contact with it. Otherwise, the effectiveness of therapy is noticeably reduced.

    Features of the disease in young patients

    Vasomotor rhinitis in children is accompanied by frequent bouts of sneezing, clear discharge from the nasal cavity, and difficulty breathing. This illness is not associated with a common cold or infection. It develops as a result of a disorder of the nervous system, which is accompanied by a violent reaction of the mucous membrane to various irritants (excessively dry/humid air, tobacco smoke, the smell of chemicals, hormonal changes in the body).

    The disease can occur at absolutely any age, but most often it is diagnosed in children 6-7 years old. This is when they experience the most stress when starting school.

    Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, deviated septum, adenoid growths - all these pathologies, to one degree or another, can provoke the development of a disease such as vasomotor rhinitis. In children, the symptoms of the pathology disappear almost immediately after the above health problems are eliminated.

    Diagnostics

    If signs of the disease appear, it is very important to promptly seek help from a doctor. At the appointment, the specialist first listens to the patient’s complaints and conducts a physical examination. The following measures allow you to confirm the final diagnosis and find out the nature of the disease (allergic/non-allergic):

    1. Blood tests. Help assess the state of the patient's immune system.
    2. Skin allergy tests. During this procedure, small incisions are made on the inner surface of the forearm. After this, drops of liquid containing various allergens are applied to each of them. If the reaction is positive, slight swelling and redness will appear at the incision site.
    3. X-ray and CT.
    4. Anterior rhinoscopy.

    Drug treatment

    Therapy for this disease depends solely on the specific causes that provoked its appearance.

    1. First of all, it is recommended to minimize contact with possible allergens.
    2. Treatment of a disease associated with hormonal disorders should be aimed at restoring hormonal levels.
    3. For vegetative-vascular dystonia, hardening, contrast showers, and physical activity have an excellent effect. All these procedures help normalize the tone of the vascular walls and even significantly strengthen them.
    4. Symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis in chronic form can be reduced through certain procedures, such as UHF therapy, ultraviolet irradiation, acupuncture, etc.
    5. Some patients are prescribed rinsing with saline solutions or drugs specially designed for this purpose (Physiomer, Aqualor, Aquamaris). They not only reduce the development of the inflammatory process, but also significantly moisturize the mucous membrane.
    6. For frequent exacerbations, hormonal agents, for example, glucocorticosteroids, are recommended.
    7. If an allergic reaction is the basis of the disease, patients first need to eliminate contact with the allergen. Antihistamines also help in this case.

    Surgery

    If vasomotor rhinitis cannot be overcome for a long time, the symptoms of impaired nasal breathing do not stop, the doctor most often decides on surgical intervention. This treatment involves the removal of all weakened vessels. Thanks to the operation, it is possible to increase the lumen of the nasal concha. In medical practice today, various options for surgical intervention are used (submucosal vasotomy, radioelectrocoagulation, laser photodestruction). Such operations are minimally invasive. This means that the likelihood of bleeding or other complications during rehabilitation is almost zero. After the procedure, patients are no longer concerned about how vasomotor rhinitis manifests itself (symptoms).

    Treatment: folk remedies and recipes

    It is recommended to resort to traditional medicine only if the final diagnosis and its causes are known. In addition, our grandmothers’ recipes are best combined with traditional drug treatment. You must inform your doctor about all self-therapy methods used.

    To clear your sinuses, you can rinse them with a special solution (one teaspoon of honey per glass of warm water). Some resort to inhalations based on fir oil. Drops of Kalanchoe juice (eight in each nostril three times a day) help greatly.

    Possible complications

    Symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis in adults appear gradually. If you neglect this disease or start treating it incorrectly, the likelihood of complications occurring is very high. Some patients develop nasal polyps (benign growths that require surgical removal), while others develop chronic sinusitis (inflammation of the paranasal sinuses). In both cases, emergency treatment is required.

    Conclusion

    In this article we talked about what vasomotor rhinitis is. The causes, forms, symptoms, treatment of this disease most often turn out to be interrelated. It is not recommended to neglect timely therapy and neglect the pathology, because this increases the likelihood of rather unpleasant complications. Be healthy!

    Source: http://www.syl.ru/article/176207/new_simptomyi-vazomotornogo-rinita-vazomotornyiy-rinit-prichinyi-diagnostika-lechenie