Nebulizer application

Posted on by admin

Nebulizer – inhalation in a modern way!

Operating principle

It is the particle size of the medicinal solution that allows it to penetrate into the deep parts of the respiratory organs ( bronchial tubes and even bronchioles ), which enhances the effect of the procedure and accelerates the effect of the drug.

Table of contents:

How is it better than regular steam inhalation?

  • Side effects are less common
  • The medicine starts working faster
  • Less medication is needed.

Application

1. Conditions in which the use of other types of inhalers is ineffective

2. Diseases in which it is necessary for the drug to enter the alveoli of the lungs.

Inhalation

1. The patient should take a sitting position, not talk, the device should be placed vertically.

2. The procedure should be carried out 1.5 hours after a meal. For an hour after the procedure, you should stay indoors, not eat, and try to talk less.

3. If the larynx or throat is inflamed, air should be drawn in and released through the mouth. There is a special mask for this.

4. If the bronchi, trachea or lungs are affected, then air is also drawn in through the mouth, but using a mouthpiece.

5. Before introducing the medicine into the device, you should check whether the expiration date has passed.

6. Only sterile saline solution, drawn up with sterile syringes, can be used as a drug solvent.

7. The device is filled to 2–4 milliliters, and the gas should come out at a speed of 1/min. In some devices this indicator is set by default.

8. During the procedure, air is drawn in through the mouth, slowly and as deeply as possible. After inhaling, you should hold your exhalation for a second. But if the patient’s condition is serious, you can do without it.

9. The duration of the procedure is from 5 to 10 minutes, the last minutes of the procedure can be lightly tapped on the device so that the medicine is shaken.

10. If hormonal agents or antibiotics were administered by inhalation, at the end of the procedure you should rinse your mouth with clean water.

11. After the procedure, the device should be washed with water ( preferably sterile ), and thoroughly dried with a hairdryer and absorbent cloth.

12. Treatment duration is from 5 to 10 procedures.

Use for a runny nose

Therefore, to treat a runny nose, you should set a regimen with large particles, which will achieve a more significant result.

If the nasal discharge has acquired a purulent yellow-green color, you should consult a doctor, since inhalations alone will most likely not be enough.

For children

Due to the fact that the drug enters directly into the respiratory tract, it is an effective method of treating acute respiratory infections in children. This treatment has almost no side effects, since the dosage of the drug is minimal.

The nebulizer can be used to moisten the mucous membranes of the child’s nose and throat in rooms with dry air, central heating, using regular saline solution.

1. This is an absolutely safe method ( for example, the possibility of getting burned by hot steam is excluded ).

2. The procedure can be done at home.

3. The device is very easy to use.

4. The device can also be used for preventive purposes.

5. The procedure goes completely unnoticed by the patient ( the child can sleep and inhale the medicinal solution ).

1. Do not dilute the solution for treating children with ordinary clean water, this may provoke bronchospasm.

2. Do not use fatty oils, they are harmful to the child’s respiratory system.

3. Do not select the dosage of the drug yourself.

Nebulizer solutions

  • Bronchodilators ( ventolin nebula, salgim, astalin, berotec )
  • Mucolytics ( ambroxol, fluimucil, pulmozyme )
  • Hypertonic solution ( as a mucolytic )
  • Saline solution ( to moisturize mucous membranes )
  • Hormonal medications ( pulmicort )
  • Antiallergic medications
  • Antibiotics ( fluimucil )
  • Antiseptics
  • Antifungal agents
  • Low alkaline mineral water ( Narzan, Borjomi ).
You should not independently invent medicinal preparations for use in a nebulizer, for example, by crushing tablets in a mortar and diluting them with water.

The temperature of the solution must be at least 20 degrees Celsius.

To dilute the medicine, only saline solution should be used. Even distilled water should not be used.

If the use of several drugs in the form of inhalations is prescribed, they should be done in sequence with an interval of 15 minutes.

You should not use medications such as papaverine, aminophylline, diphenhydramine, platyphylline , as well as oil preparations and systemic hormones.

Before starting the procedure, you should carefully study the instructions for the device, since some medications are prohibited from being used in certain types of nebulizers.

Use for cough

  • Bronchodilators ( salgim, berotec, berodual )
  • Mucolytics ( lazolvan, ambrohexal, fluimucil )
  • Relieving inflammation ( pulmicort, cromohexal )
  • Suppresses the cough reflex ( lidocaine ).

The use of alkaline mineral waters is effective. They make sputum more liquid and facilitate its removal from the bronchi.

Use at temperature

Nebulizer Recipes

For adult patients and children from 7 years of age - diluted in a 1:1 ratio with saline solution,

Malyshamlet: diluted with 1 part medicine and 2 parts saline solution,

For babies under 1 year: 1 part medicine to 3 parts saline solution.

For the procedure, 3 - 4 ml of solution is enough in the morning, lunch and evening.

How to choose a device?

Disadvantage: you can only use ready-made medications, as well as the noise produced.

Disadvantages: an expensive device, not everyone can afford it; if the solution is prepared from a suspension, antibiotic or hormones, it may not work.

Compressor nebulizers ( also known as jet nebulizers or pneumatic nebulizers ) spray a medicinal solution using compressed oxygen or air.

In turn, they are divided into convection and T-tube ( these can produce an aerosol constantly, without interruption ).

Inhalation-activated ( Venturi ) – produce an aerosol continuously, but its amount increases during inhalation. These devices are more economical.

Dosimetric with a flow sensor - they produce an aerosol only in the first third of the air intake phase, which makes it possible to adjust the level of drug use. These devices are the most expensive and are used to support people suffering from cystic fibrosis and to irrigate the bronchi with surfactant preparations.

Read more:
Reviews
Leave feedback

You can add your comments and feedback to this article, subject to the Discussion Rules.

Source: http://www.tiensmed.ru/news/nebulaizer1.html

How to use a nebulizer correctly

Today, consumers are offered three main types of nebulizer: compressor, ultrasonic, and electronic mesh. The devices differ in the principle of converting liquid into an aerosol cloud. Before using a nebulizer, you must carefully study the rules for its use and storage.

Features of use

Recommendations for the use of nebulizers:

  1. Before inhalation, you must wash your hands thoroughly with soap;
  2. The next step is to assemble the device. All tubes should be connected, the air filter should be checked;
  3. Then you need to prepare a solution for inhalation. For inhalation administration, it is advisable to use drugs in special plastic containers (nebulas). If the medicine needs to be diluted, it is better to use saline solution for this purpose. A set of medicine from an ampoule is made with a sterile syringe, after which it is diluted with a 0.9% sodium chloride solution to a volume of 4 ml. The resulting mixture is poured into a glass;
  4. The reservoir with the contents must be connected to the inhaler tube. Attach a facial aerosol mask or mouthpiece to the top;
  5. Once the device is turned on, you can perform the inhalation procedure. When performing inhalation, the cup must be kept exclusively in a vertical position so as not to spill the inhaled liquid. The duration of the procedure should be at least 10 minutes. A sign that it is time to finish inhalation will be the cessation of the supply of medicinal steam;
  6. After finishing inhalation, you should rinse all components of the inhaler with boiled water, then dry them. If inhalation using antibacterial agents was carried out, it is recommended to rinse the mouth with boiled water;
  7. It is advisable to perform inhalation procedures 1.5 hours after finishing a meal;
  8. It is recommended to use only medications intended for this purpose for inhalation. It is better to consult your doctor first;
  9. Upon completion of inhalation with an inhaler-nebulizer, you should temporarily refrain from smoking, eating and going outside;
  10. If dizziness occurs during inhalation, it is recommended to stop the procedure for a while. A little later, resume inhalation. If dizziness does not go away, you should tell your doctor.

For children

Quite often, children experience fear before using a nebulizer. Especially if the procedure is carried out with a compressor inhaler. Such devices, as a rule, have an increased noise level during operation, which is very frightening for children.

To avoid such troubles, nebulizers were developed specifically for children, made in the form of a fun toy. Carrying out inhalation with such an inhaler allows you to turn the treatment procedure into a fun game.

It is advisable to do inhalations when the child is in a good mood; if he struggles or cries, breathing will be shallow, which means that the medicinal substances will not be fully delivered. You need to try to lure the child or come to an agreement, you can turn on a cartoon.

It is important to ensure that during the inhalation process the face mask fits tightly to the baby’s face, otherwise the medicinal substances will miss the target.

You should seek medical help if:
  • the child’s arms and legs tremble after inhalation;
  • increased heart rate, dizziness;
  • development of stomatitis is observed;
  • long-term inhalation therapy does not bring results;
  • If you have any questions regarding your child's illness or treatment, you should consult your pediatrician.

You should call an ambulance immediately if:

  • the child began to choke;
  • there was a sharp pain in the chest area;
  • Coordination of movements is impaired, severe dizziness and drowsiness are observed.

Recommendations for caring for the device

The nebulizer requires special care, since medications are constantly poured into it, more than one person uses the inhaler, and treatment is usually carried out for infectious diseases.

Pathogenic bacteria can settle on the mask, so it is necessary to properly clean the device. And although the types of nebulizers are different, the rules for caring for them are no different.

Cleaning instructions

Instructions for cleaning the inhaler:

  1. After each procedure, it is necessary to soak all removable parts (tube, mask, camera) in a weak soap solution for 10 minutes. Then thoroughly rinse all components of the device under running water and dry. It is not recommended to clean compressors and pipes yourself;
  2. After every third use, the device should be disinfected. To do this, you can use an aqueous solution of vinegar or a special broad-spectrum disinfectant. To prepare a vinegar solution you will need: 0.5 cups of acetic acid and 1.5 cups of water. Mix the ingredients thoroughly. Soak the removable parts of the nebulizer in the resulting solution for 20 minutes, then rinse with running water. Allow all parts to dry;
  3. Before each use, it is recommended to wipe the compressor cover with a clean cloth;
  4. It is not advisable to place and store the compressor on the floor;
  5. It’s good to have spare flasks, masks or mouthpieces so that if they break, you can replace them without wasting time;
  6. It is important to remember to check the air filter and follow the instructions to replace or clean it.

Only parts made of polypropylene can be boiled and disinfected. Be sure to read in the attached instructions what material the inhaler parts are made of. Since most often they are made of polyvinyl chloride, which is prohibited from being exposed to high temperatures. In order for the nebulizer to last as long as possible, you should provide it with proper care and use it correctly.

Source: http://nasmorklechit.ru/procedury/kak-polzovatsya-nebulajzerom.html

What and how to do inhalations for a runny nose

A runny nose is a symptom of various diseases. It occurs in every person, regardless of age and gender. The main problem that appears along with this symptom is difficulty breathing, leading to other negative sensations such as headache, loss of appetite, weakness, swelling of the mucous membranes in the nasal cavity.

That is why people try to get rid of a runny nose as quickly as possible. One of the methods to combat the problem is inhalation. The effectiveness of the procedure depends on what methods are chosen and what medications are used.

Is it possible to do inhalations with a runny nose?

Doctors recommend doing inhalations for runny noses of various origins. This method comes from traditional medicine, confirming its effectiveness. Inhalation has no side effects, there are practically no serious contraindications, but for children you will need to consult a pediatrician before the procedure.

Inhalation is used for the following types of runny nose:
  1. Dry rhinitis is congestion in the nasal cavity without mucus secretion. In the process, it is possible to moisten the mucous membranes and cause the contents to leak out.
  2. Thick runny nose - the resulting congestion gradually disappears, thickened secretions go away, which prevents the inflammatory process and problems in the sinuses.
  3. Allergic rhinitis - allergens are released naturally, swelling is relieved.

Inhalations are also used for ARVI. In this case it is possible to achieve:

  • rapid removal of the virus from the body;
  • reducing dryness in the nasal cavity;
  • relief of general condition.

For each disease, a special composition is selected, the most effective in each specific case.

Rules for the procedure

In order for the effectiveness of the technique to be high and there are no complications, you will need to follow the rules for inhalation:

  1. Choose a suitable remedy.
  2. Observe the exact dosage (take into account the disease, severity of symptoms and age).
  3. Repeat the procedures during the day - at least 3 times.
  4. Before and after inhalation, it is not recommended to eat for 30 minutes.
  5. Use the selected product directly at the time of the procedure (you should not prepare it in advance or refill the inhaler).
  6. You are not allowed to talk during the procedure.
  7. Inhalation of vapors should be done slowly and deeply.
  8. The temperature of the liquid used should not be higher than 60 degrees.
  9. The procedure, carried out for a runny nose and cough, involves inhalation through the nose and mouth at the same time.
  10. The steam technique is carried out for no more than 15 minutes (5-10 minutes are recommended).
  11. Essential oils are added in small quantities (2-3 drops are enough).
  12. Before the procedure, you should not perform physical activity.
  13. Inhalation is carried out while sitting.

To increase efficiency, you need to use special devices with masks that help more effectively deliver vapors or aerosols into the nasal cavity.

What to use for inhalation for cough and runny nose

Inhalation for cough and runny nose can be carried out using the following compositions:

  • clean water - 250 ml (without gas);
  • validol - 1 tablet;
  • baking soda - 1 tsp;
  • iodine tincture - 7 drops.

Mix all components and dissolve. Pour the composition into the device or a regular kettle. After this, inhale the vapors for 10 minutes. Repeat for 3 days.

Another simple recipe:

Inhalation is cold (you need to inhale the vapors).

If you need to treat a wet cough, you should use a simple recipe.

  • clean water - 1 l;
  • potatoes - 4 pcs.

Wash the unpeeled potatoes, then place them in a container of water. Cook until done. Cool to a degree, then inhale, inhaling the vapors.

Using herbal infusions or decoctions from the pharmacy also helps. For this purpose you will need:

The liquid should infuse for at least 30 minutes, after which it will need to be heated to 40 degrees to inhale the medicinal vapors.

A composition prepared from:

  • essential oil - 12 drops;
  • pure water - 200 ml (without gas).

The process of preparing the product is simple: you need to heat the water until it boils, then cool to 85 degrees. The next step is to add essential oil and stir. You will need to inhale the resulting steam for 10 minutes a day. The product will not only help relieve nasal congestion, runny nose and cough, but also relieve sore throat during a cold.

Nebulizer Recipes

Nebulizer solutions vary in composition, which helps to find the best option in each specific case. To prepare you will need to take:

  • mixture of calendula and St. John's wort flowers - 1 tbsp;
  • water - 200 ml.

Boil water and add herbs. The liquid should infuse for 40 minutes. After this, you can pour the infusion into the device and carry out the procedure. A quick effect can be achieved by brewing chamomile. To do this you will need to take 1 tbsp. plants and 1 glass of water.

Another recipe will help get rid of cough, runny nose and nasal congestion:

  • a mixture of calendula, eucalyptus and pine buds - 1.5 tbsp;
  • a glass of boiled water.

The composition must be infused for at least 35 minutes. Use once a day for 10 minutes.

Inhalation of a runny nose with saline solutions using a nebulizer should be done 3-4 times a day. To do this, just pour the composition into the device.

A saline solution has similar properties, for the preparation of which you will need to take:

  • water (200 ml);
  • table salt without iodine - 1 tbsp.

The components should be mixed and then used to conduct the procedure.

If the runny nose is too severe, then for inhalation with a good therapeutic effect you need to use special formulations that contain antibiotics. To prepare the composition you need to take:

  • Fluomycil powder - quantity according to instructions (take into account the person’s age);
  • water - 250 ml.

A day you need to do 2-3 procedures for 5 minutes.

Compositions obtained by mixing propolis and calendula are also used to combat the common cold. You will need:

  • calendula tincture (without alcohol) - 200 ml;
  • liquid propolis - 1.5 tsp.

All ingredients are actively mixed, after which they are used for therapeutic effects 2 times a day for 10 minutes.

Inhalation with a nebulizer with saline solution

Inhalation procedures using a nebulizer with saline solution are effective, even if the problems are advanced. It is important to remember that formulations for procedures should be purchased taking into account the age of the people who will use them.

For children

Kids need to choose special formulations that will be effective, but mild in impact. They should not contain harmful chemical components.

You can prepare an effective and non-allergenic solution for inhalation for nasal congestion or runny nose using a low concentration salt composition (0.9%). Alkaline mineral water is an alternative.

The saline solution needs to be warmed up a little (a few degrees), and then poured directly into the inhaler. The duration of the standard procedure is only 3-5 minutes.

With gradual but deep inhalation of the steam, the nasal cavity will be well cleared of accumulated mucus and the infection will come out. It will also be possible to get rid of the crusts that have formed.

For adults

To treat patients over 15 years of age (adults), you will need to purchase Ambrobene or Lazolvan, which are convenient to use for inhalation. They then need to be mixed in equal proportions with saline solution. The duration of the procedure is 10 minutes, repeat 2 times during the day.

This composition is also suitable for treating children; in this case, the concentration of the drug must be taken into account. For children under 2 years old - 1 ml of the composition, then as they grow older - 2-6 years - 2 ml of the composition and from 6 years old - 3 ml. The duration of the course should not exceed 5 days.

How to get rid of a runny nose during pregnancy

A runny nose may also occur during pregnancy. Inhalation procedures are effective for its treatment. You can choose slightly alkaline mineral water as the main treatment.

Before use, you will need to ensure that all the gas comes out of it. Then, using boiled, cooled water, you need to dilute the mineral water (the proportions of the liquids are equal).

Inhalation of the resulting composition should be carried out 1-2 times a day. The recommended duration of one procedure is 5-7 minutes. In this case, the nebulizer increases the effectiveness of the effect and significantly saves time.

Another recipe that is suitable for use during pregnancy:

  • purified non-carbonated water - 980 ml;
  • table salt - 7 g;
  • essential (it is better to exclude citrus options) oil - 3 drops (choose one to which you are not allergic).

The water must be heated, but not boiled (optimally up to 50 degrees). Then add the remaining ingredients - essential oil and salt. Inhalation of the resulting composition will need to be carried out 2-3 times a day, the duration of one procedure should not exceed 5 minutes. As a result, you can achieve the removal of mucus from the nose and improve your general condition.

You may be interested in an article about the healing properties of essential oils and their use in home medicine.

Here you will learn the rules for using Albucid drops for a runny nose in a child.

Contraindications for inhalations

You will have to refuse the procedure if:

  • body temperature above 37.1 (for hot options) and 37.7 (for cold ones);
  • there is blood or pus in the nasal cavity;
  • there is a feeling of stuffiness or pain in the ears;
  • severe diseases of the respiratory system;
  • allergic reactions to the drug used;
  • there are problems with the heart and blood vessels;
  • vomiting is present.

Other restrictions are established during the preliminary diagnosis process by a specialist.

Inhalation is a good way to get rid of a runny nose and other manifestations of allergies or colds. Various options are used as medicinal compositions - herbal preparations, ready-made saline solutions, mineral water or table salt.

The technique must be applied following the rules and taking into account existing contraindications. Positive aspects of the procedure: ease, accessibility, possibility of use by children and pregnant women, high efficiency.

Source: http://nektarin.su/zdorovje/drugoe/ingalyacii-pri-nasmorke.html

How to use a nebulizer?

Nebulizers are medical devices that allow you to convert liquid medications into an aerosol, that is, into a mixture of air and fine particles of a substance. With their help, inhalations are carried out, necessary for the treatment of a number of diseases. Various models can be used to treat both adult and pediatric patients; some models (mash inhalers) are suitable even for infants.

Currently, three types of inhalers are produced:

The most inexpensive, and therefore accessible, are compressor models. They make it possible to spray any liquid preparations. Ultrasonic models are significantly more expensive. In addition, high-frequency sound negatively affects the structure of the active substances of antibiotics, mucolytics and hormonal agents. The most universal are electronic mesh models (mesh nebulizers), but not everyone can afford them.

How does a nebulizer work?

Each type of nebulizer has its own design and operating principle.

But any model includes several basic components:

  • main block that forms a stream of air;
  • mouthpiece or face mask (sometimes the kit includes sprayers, a mouthpiece, and nasal attachments);
  • connecting tubes;
  • container for medicine.

When the nebulizer is started, air combines with the medicine and a therapeutic aerosol cloud is formed.

In compressor models, air under pressure is supplied to the chamber, where it is mixed with a liquid drug coming from a special tank. As a result, an aerosol is formed, which enters the breathing mask through the tube.

In ultrasonic devices, liquid is dispersed under the action of high-frequency sound vibrations generated by a piezocrystal.

In electronic mesh devices (mesh nebulizers), the medicine is divided into tiny droplets due to vibrations of a special perforated membrane.

The most innovative devices have a special system of inhalation-exhalation valves, which makes it possible to use the drug as carefully as possible.

Some models are equipped with interrupters, which also makes it possible to save medicine.

How to use a nebulizer: instructions for use

Working with a medical device requires compliance with basic rules of hygiene and asepsis. Before preparing the inhaler for use, wash your hands thoroughly.

The nebulizer must be assembled following the attached instructions:

  1. Check the reliability of the tube connections and the cleanliness of the filter.
  2. Measure out the volume of medication required for the procedure (the dosage is determined by the attending physician). It is advisable to purchase products in disposable nebula capsules. If it is necessary to dilute the drug, only saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) can be used. The medicine must be taken from the factory container with a sterile syringe and poured into a special cup of the inhaler.
  3. The container with the ready-to-use drug is connected to the system via an adapter tube.
  4. To carry out the procedure, you need to put a mask on your face or hold a special mouthpiece with your lips (the second option allows you to avoid losing part of the solution as a result of spraying into the surrounding air).
  5. Now you can turn on the device and start inhaling the aerosol. After the drug is finished, steam will stop coming out of the glass. Most devices will beep when there is no medicine in the reservoir.

Important: If you are using a device equipped with a breaker, then to carry out inhalation in continuous mode you need to lock the key by turning it clockwise.

After completing the procedure, the container for the medicine, as well as the mask (or mouthpiece) and adapter tubes should be rinsed with boiled water and dried thoroughly before putting the device into the box.

If hormonal drugs were used for inhalation, you need to rinse your mouth thoroughly.

Please note: It is recommended to carry out inhalation no earlier than an hour and a half after eating, since certain solutions (especially alkaline ones) can provoke a gag reflex.

It is not advisable to eat immediately after the procedure. During the course of treatment you should refrain from smoking.

If discomfort occurs after inhalation, you should temporarily interrupt treatment and consult a doctor.

Rules for preparing medications when using a nebulizer

The list of types of medications used for inhalation using a nebulizer is presented in the table:

For inhalation with a nebulizer, special pharmaceutical drugs should be used. In modern models (steam models don’t count), herbal infusions and decoctions should also not be used. Under no circumstances should you attempt to prepare an inhalation solution from crushed tablets.

Products containing essential oils, when inhaled through an inhaler mask, can provoke an attack in patients with bronchial asthma! In addition, such drugs often lead to device failure; in particular, the membrane of mesh inhalers cannot be washed at all after such a procedure.

When preparing medications, make sure that:

  • there was at least 5 ml in the nebulizer chamber. liquids;
  • if dilution of drugs was necessary, only sterile saline solution was used;
  • the product used was warmed to room temperature;
  • for treatment with expensive drugs, devices with a flow interrupter valve were used that do not supply an aerosol during exhalation, which helps to avoid drug losses;
  • After the end of the aerosol supply, the chamber was rinsed with 1 ml. saline solution, shaking it and finishing the procedure until the aerosol discharge completely stops. This simple event contributes to a more efficient use of inhalation products.

Measures to organize proper breathing when using a nebulizer

When starting inhalations, remember a few basic rules:

  1. Holding the mouthpiece (face mask) of the nebulizer so that it fits snugly against your mouth (face) will help you minimize potential loss of medication.
  2. During the procedure, breathe through your mouth (if nasal nozzles are not used) calmly, slowly, deeply.
  3. Sit straight, motionless, silent.
  4. Try to hold your breath for a few seconds before each exhalation. If you can’t do this, just breathe at a normal rhythm.

Nebulizer for children

Many children are characterized by a fear of medical manipulations, even if they are not associated with unpleasant sensations. In order to turn inhalation into a fun game, manufacturers of special children's nebulizers make bodies in the form of toys or complete models with attachments in the form of funny animals. It is necessary for the child to be calm and not cry, since in this case his breathing will be shallow and the aerosol will not penetrate the lower parts of the respiratory system.

Using electronic mesh devices, it is possible to perform inhalations even on infants, since devices of this type (unlike compressor devices) can operate at any tilt of the chamber.

If a child turns pale, loses consciousness, complains of chest pain, or develops suffocation, you should immediately call an ambulance. The listed symptoms may indicate an allergic reaction to the drug.

Nebulizer care rules

Regardless of the principle of operation of the nebulizer, all these devices require careful treatment, timely cleaning and disinfection. Otherwise, your nebulizer may turn into a source of infection and, when used, do not benefit, but cause harm.

To prevent this from happening, follow the basic instructions for cleaning the device:

  1. At the end of the procedures, turn off and disassemble the device.
  2. Thoroughly rinse the flask, mask or mouthpiece in warm soapy water or in a 15% solution of baking soda without using brushes or brushes. Rinse with clean water and let dry.
  3. If one person uses the nebulizer, then once a week it is necessary to sterilize the dismountable parts. For which disinfectants supplied by the supplier, a baby bottle sterilizer or normal boiling for 10 minutes can be used. If the nebulizer is used by several people, disinfection is carried out after each use.
  4. Check the compressor filter according to the manufacturer's instructions, clean and replace it promptly.
  5. Do not operate the nebulizer on the floor or store it there.
  6. Wipe the body and cover with a clean cloth before each use.
  7. Store the dried nebulizer parts in a box, after wrapping them in a clean towel or napkin.

All modern inhalers are extremely easy to use, convenient and reliable. If you follow the basic rules for operating the device, you will not have any difficulties, and the nebulizer will serve faithfully for many years.

To learn more about the types of nebulizers, their principles of operation and rules of use, watch this video:

Konev Alexander Sergeevich, therapist

8,108 total views, 1 views today

Related Posts
Pedagogical complementary feeding during breastfeeding: table and recommendations
Rough skin in a child: causes and recommendations
Control weighing of a child: algorithm, norms
  • Allergology (43)
  • Andrology (104)
  • Uncategorized (2)
  • Vascular diseases (20)
  • Venereology (63)
  • Gastroenterology (151)
  • Hematology (38)
  • Gynecology (112)
  • Dermatology (119)
  • Diagnostics (144)
  • Immunology (1)
  • Infectious diseases (138)
  • Infographics (1)
  • Cardiology (56)
  • Cosmetology (182)
  • Mammology (17)
  • Mother and child (171)
  • Medicines (309)
  • Neurology (120)
  • Emergency conditions (82)
  • Oncology (60)
  • Orthopedics and traumatology (109)
  • Otorhinolaryngology (86)
  • Ophthalmology (42)
  • Parasitology (31)
  • Pediatrics (155)
  • Food (382)
  • Plastic surgery (9)
  • Useful information (1)
  • Proctology (56)
  • Psychiatry (66)
  • Psychology (27)
  • Pulmonology (58)
  • Rheumatology (27)
  • Sexology (24)
  • Dentistry (57)
  • Therapy (77)
  • Urology (99)
  • Herbal medicine (21)
  • Surgery (90)
  • Endocrinology (97)

The information is provided for informational purposes only. Do not self-medicate. At the first sign of disease, consult a doctor. There are contraindications, a doctor's consultation is required. The site may contain content prohibited for viewing by persons under 18 years of age.

Source: http://okeydoc.ru/kak-polzovatsya-nebulajzerom/

How to use a nebulizer and inhaler?

Inhalation systems provide the optimal opportunity for delivering pharmacological drugs for various acute and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases directly into the patient’s lungs. The modern strategy for treating diseases with the leading clinical syndrome of airway obstruction is based on the maximum use of inhalation methods of treatment.

The introduction of nebulizers into clinical practice, along with individual metered-dose inhalers, has dramatically expanded the scope of application of this method. It has become possible to use inhalation therapy in patients of all ages (from early childhood to old age), during severe exacerbations of COPD and bronchial asthma, as well as in all situations associated with a significant drop in inspiratory flow rate (postoperative patients, patients with severe somatic diseases). Nebulizers have opened up the possibility of using medications whose aerosol can only be obtained in this way (antibiotics, surfactant preparations, motolytics, etc.). And finally, patients themselves highly appreciate inhalation therapy using nebulizers.

The word nebulizer comes from the Latin "nebula" - mist and was first used in 1872. for the name of a device in which a liquid was converted into a fine aerosol for inhalation. At the end of the 19th century, a glass nebulizer was invented, which was a large glass vessel with tubes extending from it, in which an aerosol was obtained by converting the medicinal substance into vapor by heating. In 1938 a manual balloon inhaler appeared, similar to a perfume atomizer. Nebulizers began to be used to treat bronchial asthma in the 1930s. During the same period, two main directions in the development of inhalation technology emerged: the first was the improvement of nebulizers, and the second was the creation of individual metered-dose inhalers.

Currently, there are two main types of nebulizers: continuous jet and ultrasonic. The principle of using compressed air, which is used in jet nebulizers, is the “gold standard” of inhalation therapy. The formation of an aerosol is based on the “Bernoulli effect”, resulting in the formation of a cone-shaped flow of polydisperse aerosol containing particles that have an optimal size for entering the lungs.

For what diseases are nebulizers and inhalers used?

In medicine, there is a whole class of respiratory diseases, so-called respiratory diseases. Their sources are both viral infections and exposure to airborne substances, as well as structural features of the respiratory tract. Such diseases include rhinitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, asthma, bronchitis, adenoids, etc. Some diseases occur with minimal impact on the body and mild symptoms. Some diseases, which include asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, which occur with breathing complications, cough, shortness of breath. There are drug and non-drug treatment options. A special place in the treatment of respiratory diseases is occupied by inhalers and nebulizers, which allow them to directly influence the source of the disease and relieve symptoms.

With drug treatment, it is very important to directly influence the site of the disease. The specificity of drug treatment of respiratory diseases requires the use of physiotherapeutic devices capable of administering medication directly to the affected area by inhalation into the respiratory tract. In the treatment of respiratory diseases, inhalers and nebulizers have shown their high effectiveness, which are widely used in the treatment of asthma, acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, bronchitis, etc.

Using a nebulizer.

For example, in case of bronchial asthma, the most important is the use of nebulizers, which allow the drug to be delivered to the source of inflammation in the bronchi. A nebulizer allows you to obtain an aerosol of the drug of the required dispersion. Essentially, a nebulizer is the same inhaler that produces an aerosol with the specified parameters of drug particles. Penetration of the drug into the smallest bronchi is difficult when using conventional treatment methods, which is why there is a need to prepare an aerosol with a minimum particle size.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a nebulizer and inhalers?

Both inhalers and nebulizers have different ways of producing aerosols. There are inhalers and nebulizers, ultrasonic and compressor. Both have their own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. Models differ in cost and method of obtaining the aerosol. Ultrasonic ones are smaller in size and operate quieter, but cannot be used for spraying oil solutions and suspensions. Compressor inhalers and nebulizers are cheaper than ultrasonic ones and have no restrictions on the drugs used. But at the same time, they are much larger in size, require stationary power supply from the network and are noisier than ultrasonic ones.

How to use a nebulizer and inhalers?

The principle of operation of inhalers and nebulizers is quite simple. The drug in the form of a solution or suspension is placed in a container for inhalation (inhalers) or the drug is already contained in a pressure cylinder. When inhaled, the patient needs to spray a certain amount of the drug and inhale in the usual way through the nasopharynx.

Inhalers are usually used for inhalation procedures of some duration during physiotherapeutic procedures at home and in clinical settings. There are nebulizers and inhalers that allow you to relieve symptoms of the disease or stop attacks at any time the patient needs. Such devices have a compact structure and consist of a canister with a medicinal product, enclosed under pressure in a cylinder or without pressure, and the nebulizer device itself. The parameters of the aerosol, its quantity and dosage are clearly verified by the sprayers, and all the patient needs to do is spray the drug into the nasopharynx while inhaling.

Basic requirements for nebulizer therapy:

— the optimal particle size is less than 5 microns, the inhalable fraction of the aerosol should be at least 50%;

— the residual volume of the medicinal substance after inhalation is no more than 50%;

— inhalation time no more than 15 minutes;

— recommended flow 6-10 liters per minute;

— The nebulizer must be tested and certified in accordance with the European standards for nebulizer therapy prEN (using the low-flow cascade impactor method, at the present stage the most accurate method for studying the aerodynamic sizes of aerosol particles).

Indications for the use of nebulizers:

1. the medicinal substance cannot be delivered to the respiratory tract using other inhalers;

2. delivery of the drug to the alveoli is necessary;

3. inspiratory flow less than 30 liters per minute;

4. inability to hold your breath for more than 4 seconds;

5. disturbance of consciousness;

6. the need to use a large dose of the drug;

7. patient preference;

Advantages of nebulizers:

- possibility of using high doses of the drug;

— possibility of connection to the oxygen supply circuit;

— possibility of inclusion in the ventilator circuit;

- does not require forced breathing maneuvers;

- Possibility of use in children, elderly and debilitated patients.

When inhaling medicinal substances through a nebulizer, it is necessary to take into account some features: - the optimal filling volume of the nebulizer chamber is 5 ml;

— throughout the entire inhalation, the position of the nebulizer chamber must be strictly vertical;

— to reduce the loss of the drug (deposition of the drug on the walls of the nebulizer chamber), at the end of inhalation, 1 ml of saline solution can be added to the chamber, after which it is necessary to shake the nebulizer and continue inhalation;

When using inexpensive and accessible drugs, all types of nebulizers can be used, but when using more expensive drugs, the maximum effectiveness of inhalation therapy is provided by nebulizers activated by the patient's inhalation and equipped with a flow interrupter valve.

Not recommended for nebulizers:

All solutions containing oils (since they dissolve and are absorbed very slowly in the lungs). Suspensions and solutions containing suspended particles, incl. decoctions and infusions of herbs prepared at home. Eufillin, papaverine, platyphylline, diphenhydramine and similar drugs, as having no substrate effect on the mucous membrane.

When preparing solutions for inhalation, you must follow a number of rules:

Solutions for inhalation must be prepared under sterile conditions using 0.9% sodium chloride as a solvent. Do not use tap (even boiled) water. The containers in which the solution is prepared are pre-disinfected by boiling.

The prepared solution should be stored in the refrigerator for no more than a day. Before use, be sure to heat it in a water bath to a temperature of at least 20 degrees C.

Drugs used for inhalation using nebulizers

1. Bronchial dilators

a) B-2 agonists. Fenoterol in the form of a ready-made solution under the trade name Berotek (Austria) in 20 ml bottles at a dose of 1 mg/ml. Indications for the use of Berotek are: bronchial asthma and obstructive bronchitis, especially in the acute stage, as well as acute bronchitis accompanied by bronchospasm. The dose per inhalation is 1-2 mg (1-2 ml), peak action is 30 minutes, duration of action is 2-3 hours. The number of inhalations per day depends on the severity of bronchospasm. During an exacerbation, as a rule, the patient inhales the medicine 3-4 times a day, during a period of remission, 1-2 times a day or as needed. For severe attacks of asthma, frequent inhalations are recommended (every 20 minutes in the first hour, then at intervals of 1 hour until the condition improves, after that every 4 hours). In terms of bronchodilating effect, Berotec is approximately 4 times superior to salbutamol. The advantage of a nebulized B-2 agonist over a conventional one dosed in aerosol cans is that the first creates significantly higher concentrations in the small bronchi, while the main dose of the second settles in the oral cavity and, being absorbed into the blood, causes palpitations and interruptions in work heart rate, hand tremors and increases blood pressure. In addition, for the balloon inhaler to work effectively, it is necessary to hold your breath for 10 seconds after inhalation, which is almost impossible during an attack. When using a nebulizer, this is no longer necessary due to the creation of a continuous flow of aerosol with an inhalation duration of 5-7 minutes. This property is especially important in the treatment of childhood asthma, when it is impossible to force the child to correctly perform the technique of inhalation of a metered-dose aerosol.

For children, compressor nebulizers come with masks.

Salbutamol in the form of a ready-made solution under the trade names Steri-Neb Salamol or Gen-salbutamol in ampoules of 2.5 ml. Indications for the use of liquid Salbutamol are the same as for Berotec. The dose per 1 inhalation is usually 2.5 mg (1 ampoule), but can vary: from 1 ampoule in mild cases, to 2 ampoules (5 mg) for severe attacks of shortness of breath (peak action, duration of action - 4-6 hours). The number of inhalations per day depends on the severity of the symptoms of the disease. During an exacerbation, as a rule, the patient inhales the medicine 3-4 times a day, during a period of remission - 1-2 times or as needed. For severe exacerbations of bronchial asthma, private inhalations of Salbutamol are recommended - every 20 minutes in the first hour (up to constant nebulization), then at intervals of 1 hour until the attack ends against the background of basic treatment of the underlying disease.

b) Combined drugs. Fenoterol combined with ipratropium bromide - trade name Berodual (Austria). Available in 20 ml bottles, 1 ml of solution contains 250 mcg of ipratropium bromide and 500 mcg of fenoterol. Many studies have proven the advantage of combination therapy over monotherapy with sympathomimetics, especially in individuals with very severe bronchial obstruction, suffering from chronic obstructive bronchitis in combination with bronchial asthma. For inhalation, take 2-4 ml of Berodual solution, to which 1-1.5 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution is added. The frequency of use is the same as for Salbutamol.

c) M-anticholinergics. Ipratropium bromide is a ready-made solution for inhalation, trade name - Atrovent (Austria), in 20 ml bottles, 1 ml of solution contains 250 mcg of ipratropium bromide. Single dose via nebulizer 0 mcg, peak action min. The bronchodilator effect lasts 5-6 hours. The main indication for prescribing Atrovent is chronic obstructive bronchitis. In terms of bronchodilator effect, it is somewhat inferior to Berotek and Salbutamol, but the main advantage of Atrovert therapy is the safety of use. Prescription of Atrovert does not lead to hypoxemia, hypokalemia, there are practically no side effects from the cardiovascular system, which is especially important for patients suffering from COPD in combination with heart and vascular diseases.

d) Magnesium sulfate. It is inferior in bronchodilator action to the above-mentioned drugs, but is more accessible and cheaper. Indications for use are the same as for Salbutamol. To prepare a solution for inhalation, you need to take 1 ml of a 25% magnesium sulfate solution and add 2 ml of saline to it.

2. Drugs that dilute sputum. Lazolvan (Austria). Solution for inhalation in 100 ml bottles. is an inhalation analogue of Bromhexine. By acting on the goblet cells of the bronchial mucosa, it increases their secretion of the liquid component of sputum, as a result of which the viscosity of sputum decreases, making it easier to cough up and remove by the cilia of epithelial cells. The drug is indicated for any processes in the bronchi when there is viscous, difficult to separate sputum - pneumonia, bronchitis, bronchial asthma, cystic fibrosis. In the first stage of ARVI, when inflammation of the mucous membranes is not yet accompanied by secretion with a feeling of dryness, burning in the trachea and bronchi, and dry cough, the use of Lazolvan helps to quickly overcome these symptoms. Dose for inhalation: 2-3 ml of Lazolvan solution 2-4 times a day.

Fluimucil. The active principle is acetylcysteine. It destroys the polymer bonds in the components of sputum, reducing its viscosity. The most effective for bronchitis and cystic fibrosis with abundant secretion of difficult to separate sputum, including purulent ones. This drug does not make sense to use for “dry” bronchitis and tracheitis with a meager amount of secretion. The standard dose for inhalation is 3 ml of Fluimucil solution (1 ampoule) 2 times a day.

Physiological 0.9% solution of sodium chloride or slightly alkaline mineral waters such as “Borjomi”, “Narzan”. Good remedies for any colds and mild forms of bronchitis and asthma. They moisturize the mucous membrane along its entire length from the oropharynx to the small bronchi, softening catarrhal symptoms, and increase the liquid part of the bronchial secretion. Take 3 ml of solution for inhalation (mineral water must be left to degas). Apply 3-4 times a day.

Hypertonic NaCl solution (3 or 4%) The main indication for use is viscous sputum in the bronchi with the inability to cough effectively. Has a mild disinfectant effect. Can be used when there is a small amount of secretion to obtain sputum for analysis, the so-called “induced sputum”. Use with caution in patients with bronchial asthma, because bronchospasm is often provoked. For inhalation, 4-5 ml of solution is used 1-2 times a day.

3. Antibacterial agents. Fluimucil antibiotic. A combined preparation of acetylcysteine ​​and thiamphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic to which the main pathogens of respiratory diseases are sensitive. Recommended for tonsillitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis of bacterial origin, pneumonia, suppurative lung diseases - abscesses, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis. Can be used for the prevention of postoperative pneumonia in patients with bed rest. To prepare a medicinal solution, 5 ml of solvent is added to a bottle with dry powder of the drug. For 1 inhalation, take half of the resulting solution. For therapeutic purposes, the drug is inhaled 2 times a day, for preventive purposes - 1 time a day.

Gentamicin 4% Solution is available in 2 ml injection ampoules. It can also be used for inhalation. It is active against a large group of microorganisms. It is especially effective for exacerbation of chronic purulent bronchitis in weakened patients, smokers, and diabetics. Inhale 2 ml of Gentamicin solution 2 times a day.

Dioxidin 0.5% solution Broad-spectrum disinfectant. It should be used in patients with purulent lung diseases: bronchiectasis, abscesses. Dose: 3-4 ml of solution 2 times a day.

Furacillin. Has moderate disinfectant properties. The most appropriate inhalations are for prophylactic purposes in patients with ARVI, in order to prevent the spread of infection deep into the bronchial tree. It is preferable to use a ready-made solution of 0.02%, 4 ml per inhalation 2 times a day. You can prepare the solution yourself. To do this, 1 tablet of Furacillin is dissolved in 100 ml of sterile NaCl solution.

4. Anti-inflammatory drugs

a) glucocorticosteroids. Budesonide, a suspension for inhalation via a nebulizer, is available under the trade name Pulmicort in plastic containers of 2 ml in three dosages - 0.125 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml. The main indication for use is bronchial asthma. The daily dose ranges from 1 to 20 mg, depending on the phase and severity of the disease.

b) Herbal medicine. Rotocan is an extract from plants that have anti-inflammatory properties and are traditionally used in herbal medicine - chamomile, calendula, yarrow. Indicated for the treatment of acute inflammatory diseases of the upper and middle respiratory tract. A solution for inhalation is prepared by diluting 1 teaspoon of rotokan per 100 ml of physiological sodium chloride solution. Therapeutic dose: 3-4 ml 2-3 times a day.

5. Antitussives

In cases of obsessive dry cough, lidocaine inhalation through a nebulizer can be used as a symptomatic remedy. Lidocaine, having local anesthetic properties, reduces the sensitivity of cough receptors and effectively suppresses the cough reflex. The most common indications for lidocaine inhalation are viral trachea, laryngitis, and lung cancer. You can inhale a 2% solution, produced in ampoules of 2 ml 2 times a day. When prescribing several drugs simultaneously, the order should be observed. A bronchodilator is inhaled first, an expectorant is inhaled a minute later, then, after sputum is discharged, an anti-inflammatory or disinfectant.

Add a comment

  • Русский
  • Are you here:  
  • home
  • About children
  • Baby care
  • How to use a nebulizer and inhaler?

© Copying is permitted only with a direct active link to the page with the original article.

For any disease, do not diagnose and treat it yourself; you must consult a specialist doctor.

Images of covers of educational literature are shown on the pages of the site solely as illustrative material (Article 1274, paragraph 1, part four of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation)

Encyclopedia of Parents

Entertainment for children

Popular articles about children

© 2018 Encyclopedia 7 gurus with advice from doctors, psychologists, teachers

Source: http://www.7gy.ru/rebenok/chto-delat/591-nebulajzer.html