Tonsils hypertrophied 1st degree

Hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils

There are three main degrees:

• 1st degree - tonsils become so large that they occupy less than 1/3 of the space;
• 2nd degree - hypertrophied tissue of the tonsils fills the distance from the palate to the uvula by 2/3;
• 3 degrees - the space is filled almost completely, the tonsils reach size when they begin to touch each other.

The exact causes of this disease have not been established. It is conventionally believed that the proliferation of tissues of lymphatic formations is the body’s response to unfavorable environmental factors. Most often, hypertrophy of the nasopharyngeal tonsil occurs in children; this is associated with a weaker, developing immune defense and immaturity of the lymphoid tissue.

Causes

Hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils is a reaction of the patient’s immune system to changes in environmental factors that affect the body. The reasons for this manifestation may be:

• hypothermia as a result of inhaling cold air through the mouth;
• repeated inflammation of the throat and nasopharynx;
• frequent occurrence of colds and ARVI;
• poor nutrition;
• lack of vitamins;
• diseases of the endocrine glands;
• heredity;
• effects of radiation on the body.

In addition, people susceptible to allergies, accompanied by a runny nose, chronic pathologies of the respiratory system, and frequent sore throat, are at risk. Chronic hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils is accompanied by the release of toxins that poison the body, affecting, among other things, the activity of the brain.

Symptoms

Enlargement of the palatine tonsils is also accompanied by hypertrophy of other areas of the lymphadenoid pharyngeal ring. Hypertrophically modified tonsils are dense, have a smooth surface, color from pink to pale yellow, are often fused and touch the uvula.

With enlargement of the palatine tonsils, breathing difficulties are observed, leading to brain hypoxia

The disease is characterized by the following symptoms:

• difficulty breathing;
• pain when swallowing;
• feeling of a foreign object in the throat;
• change in voice (nasality, unintelligibility, distortion of some sounds);
• sleep disturbance;
• snoring and coughing at night;
• hearing impairment;
• development of diseases of the cardiovascular system;
• memory loss;
• mental disorders.

Treatment of the disease in children requires a more responsible approach. Without medical intervention, the disease progresses and its treatment at a later stage requires surgery.

Complications

Hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils is accompanied by impaired patency of the oropharynx and nasopharynx. This can cause the following complications:

• chronic runny nose;
• purulent otitis media of the middle ear.

The disease is accompanied by difficulty swallowing, which leads to decreased appetite and weight loss. Vitamin deficiency and a decrease in the body's immune defense are also observed. Difficulty breathing leads to a lack of oxygen in brain cells, which leads to impaired brain activity and mental disorders.

Diagnostics

If you have any of the above symptoms, you should immediately contact an ENT specialist. He will conduct a survey, examination, and, if necessary, prescribe pharyngoscopy and ultrasound, and a blood test. Interviewing a patient for suspected hysterectomy includes identifying complaints, difficulty breathing, headaches, and a nervous condition. During the examination, the specialist performs a digital examination of the lymph nodes.

When examining the pharynx, the doctor analyzes the density of the almond tissue, their size, deepening of the tonsils, pathologies of the articulatory apparatus, and enlarged adenoids. The next step after a visual examination is taking tests: a general urine test, a general blood test, a microflora test, and identifying the level of blood clotting.

Pharyngoscopy is the most accessible diagnostic method

If the listed methods do not show an accurate result, then instrumental studies are used, these are:

• pharyngoscopy – examination of the nasopharyngeal cavity using a spatula and a special mirror;
• rigid endoscopy – examination of the deep parts of the nasopharynx under local anesthesia;
• fibroendoscopy – examination using an endoscope;
• ultrasonography.

To exclude other diseases with similar symptoms, differential diagnosis is used. It is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis - hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the stage of development of the pathology. For grade 1, the following procedures will help cope with hypertrophy:

• rinsing the mouth with antiseptic solutions after each meal;
• exposure to tonsils with ultrasound;
• ozone therapy – enrichment of organs and tissues with oxygen;
• sanatorium treatment;
• mud applications;
• lymphatropic therapy using antimicrobial drugs;
• using silver to lubricate the tonsils.

An important point is to breathe through the nose in order to avoid hypothermia, infection and drying of damaged tissues. You should not treat yourself; if symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils of the 3rd degree requires a more serious approach; conservative therapy is no longer sufficient. A tonsillectomy will be required - surgical removal of hypertrophied tissue. The operation is indicated for symptoms such as difficulty breathing, problems with pronunciation.

The organ is partially or completely removed. In children aged 5 to 7 years, partial removal is performed; later, the tonsils are completely removed. In most cases, when cutting out the tonsils, the adenoids are also removed. If in the second degree of hypertrophy there is no pain when swallowing, breathing is not difficult and speech is unchanged, then there is no rush to perform the operation.

Postoperative period

Immediately after the operation, it is recommended to lie on your right side for two hours. At this time, the patient may experience profuse salivation. You can't cough or talk. When the bleeding stops, you are allowed to take a sip of water.

The first two days after the procedure, bed rest is prescribed; you can get up on the third day. On the second day, liquid food is allowed. You should refrain from gargling and brushing your teeth for several days, as this may cause bleeding.

After the operation, the patient is advised to rest

On the second or third day, you can notice the appearance of a white coating on postoperative wounds, this is a protective reaction against bleeding. At the same time, low-grade fever appears, enlarged lymph nodes, and pain when swallowing are possible. On the fifth day, the plaque begins to disappear, after 1.5–2 weeks, it completely disappears. Wound healing occurs in 2.5–3 weeks.

Prevention

The main method of prevention is timely treatment of inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs. Hardening, vitamin therapy, and strengthening the immune system will also help to avoid the pathological process. If you have an allergy, you must avoid contact with the allergen. Holidays at the seaside and health resorts are recommended.

If you consult a doctor in a timely manner, it is possible to get by with drug therapy. The prognosis for treatment is favorable. Surgical intervention is carried out when the process is advanced, it leads to the complete elimination of difficulties in swallowing, breathing and speech.

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Tonsil hypertrophy - causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment methods

The main task of the human body is to protect its internal environment from the harmful effects of foreign substances and microorganisms. Detection, recognition and destruction of foreign antigens is carried out by the organs of the immune system.

The tonsils are part of the immune system and form the lymphoid pharyngeal ring, a kind of “immune gate” of the body. The function of the tonsils is to destroy pathogens and foreign antigens that enter the body with inhaled air.

Hypertrophy of the tonsils can be a consequence of previous upper respiratory tract infections, allergic reactions or esophagopharyngeal reflux. Enlarged tonsils are most often detected in childhood (from 3 to 10 years). In adolescence and older age, the tonsils involute to normal sizes, which is associated with the maturation of the immune system as a whole.

Degrees of tonsil hypertrophy

Depending on the space occupied, there are three degrees of hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils:

• I degree - the tonsils occupy the lateral third of the space between the palatine arch and the midline of the pharynx;
• II degree – tonsils occupy 2/3 of this space;
• III degree - the tonsils completely cover the pharynx, touching each other or overlapping each other.

Causes of tonsil hypertrophy

Since the tonsils are part of the body’s immune system, when regularly exposed to inhaled air with pathogens, they are forced to be in a state of constant mobilization of defense mechanisms. As a result, the number of immature T-lymphocytes increases, which constitute the hypertrophied lymphoid tissue of the tonsils.

The main reasons contributing to the development of tonsil hypertrophy:

• constant hypothermia of the tonsils during the cold season during mouth breathing (for example, with adenoids);
• frequent sore throats;
• recurrent inflammation of the adenoids (infected mucus from the nasopharynx drains onto the palatine tonsils and causes their inflammation);
• frequent infectious diseases in children;
• allergic reactions in the lymphoid tissue of the tonsils;
• malnutrition (hypovitaminosis);
• unfavorable living conditions;
• endocrine system disorders;
• prolonged action of low doses of radioactive radiation;
• tuberculosis;
• infectious granuloma of the pharynx;
• leukemia;
• lymphogranulomatosis;
• hereditary predisposition of the lymphoid system.

Mechanism of development of tonsil hypertrophy

In young children, physiological immunodeficiency is observed, against the background of which, with a constant attack of pathogenic bacteria and viruses, a compensatory increase in the lymphoid tissue of the tonsils occurs. One of the stimulating factors in the development of the immunological reactivity of the child’s body and hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue is preventive vaccinations carried out at the age of 4 to 6 years.

Symptoms of tonsil hypertrophy:

• labored breathing;
• noisy breathing;
• dysphagia (difficulty swallowing food);
• dysphonia (nasal voice, child “talks through his nose”);
• slurred speech;
• the child sleeps with his mouth open (snores, coughs at night);
• restless sleep (often wakes up at night from an attack of suffocation);
• hearing impairment (exudative otitis media);
• mental disorders (due to oxygen starvation of the brain).

Methods for diagnosing tonsil hypertrophy

1. Instrumental methods:

• pharyngoscopy;
• rigid endoscopy;
• fibroendoscopy;
• Ultrasound of the pharynx area.

2. Laboratory research methods:

• general blood analysis;
• general urine analysis;
• determination of blood pH;
• bacteriological culture from the throat.

Treatment of tonsil hypertrophy:

1. Drug treatment

2. Non-drug treatment

3. Surgical treatment

Drug treatment

At the first stage of tonsil hypertrophy, the following is prescribed:

1. Gargling with astringents and cauterizing agents:

2. Lubricating the tonsils with silver nitrate (2.5% solution).

3. Lymphotropic drugs:

Non-drug treatment

• UHF to the tonsil area;
• Microwave on the projection of the tonsils;
• ozone therapy;
• climatotherapy (sanatorium-resort treatment);
• ultrasound therapy (projection of tonsils);
• vacuum hydrotherapy (with mineral waters, antiseptic preparations of plant or animal origin);
• irrigation of tonsils with sea water;
• inhalation of herbal decoctions;
• electrophoresis on the tonsil area;
• ultraphonophoresis with therapeutic mud on the projection of the tonsils;
• endopharyngeal laser treatment.

Surgery

1. In case of the second and third degree of hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils, a tonsillotomy is performed (partial removal of the tonsils).

2. Cryosurgery of the tonsils.

3. Diathermocoagulation of the tonsils.

Despite the bloodlessness of the last two methods (cryosurgery and diathermocoagulation), they are not without drawbacks. The fact is that it is impossible to accurately calculate the depth of coagulation, its dosage, or evaluate the effectiveness of the operation.

1. Tonsillotomy – partial removal of tonsils

Partial removal of tonsils is carried out before the age of 7 years; tonsillotomy is less often used in infants. There are contraindications to this operation:

• blood diseases;
• infectious diseases;
• diphtheria (including carriage);
• polio.

The operation is usually performed without anesthesia. In this case, it makes no sense to deeply grasp the tonsil; it is enough to cut off its protruding part into the lumen of the pharynx. They also try to avoid deep capture of the tonsils so as not to damage the large vessels of the neck.

2. Cryosurgery of the tonsils - local exposure to low temperatures in order to destroy and eliminate painful tissue. The advantages of cryosurgery of the tonsils are the bloodlessness of the method, the absence of pathological reflexes and pain that occur during a conventional tonsillotomy.

Indications for cryogenic tonsil surgery:

1) severe forms of cardiovascular diseases:

• hypertension II – III degree;
• various heart defects;
• atherosclerosis of blood vessels of the heart and brain;
• clinical manifestations of heart failure;

2) blood clotting disorders:

3) kidney diseases;

4) endocrine disorders;

5) general neurosis with cardiovascular reactions;

7) atrophic phenomena in the upper respiratory tract in elderly people;

8) pathological changes in the remnants of the tonsils after tonsillotomy in the past.

The procedure is performed in a hospital under local anesthesia. On the eve of the operation, two days before the operation, the patient is prescribed sedatives and tranquilizers. If necessary, the functions of the cardiovascular system, coagulation system, etc. are corrected.

Under the influence of low temperatures (-196 °C) on the tonsils, structural and visual changes occur in them. Immediately after freezing, the tonsil turns white, shrinks in size and becomes denser. After 4-5 minutes it thaws and swells, turning red. In the first hours after surgery, hyperemia of the tonsils increases, and it acquires a purplish-bluish tint. A day later, a white necrotic plaque with a clear demarcation line forms on the surface of the tonsils. After 2-3 days, the swelling of the tonsils subsides, the necrotic plaque thickens, which acquires a dirty gray tint. Throughout the day, the surface of the tonsils is completely cleansed.

3. Diathermocoagulation of the tonsils - “cauterization” of the tonsils with diathermic current. Due to the painfulness of the operation and possible complications after the scab falls off in the form of bleeding, this method has recently been practiced extremely rarely.

Forecasts

After surgical removal of the palatine tonsils or part thereof, breathing and swallowing gradually normalize and intelligible speech is formed in children. After removal of the adenoids, infection of the tonsils with pathological mucus from the nasopharynx stops, nasal breathing is normalized, the child does not breathe through the mouth and does not overcool the tonsils in the cold season, and microorganisms do not enter the body through the oral cavity.

Source: http://tvoyaybolit.ru/gipertrofiya-mindalin.html

Causes of hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils

The role of the palatine tonsils in maintaining immunity is very high. Hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils (tonsils) is a fairly serious disease. Hypertrophy leads to enlargement of the tonsils, but inflammation of the tonsils does not occur. This disease mainly affects children aged 4-14 years. Often, with hypertrophy of the tonsils, the adenoids are also enlarged in size.

What is palate hypertrophy in children?

The main reasons why hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils occurs in children are as follows:

• Frequent inflammatory and infectious diseases of the respiratory system in a child. The disease occurs especially often after diseases such as scarlet fever and measles.
• Lack of vitamins and nutrients, unbalanced diet, unfavorable weather conditions. For example, in a newborn child, the tissue of the tonsils is not mature enough, therefore, when exposed to unfavorable external factors (inhalation of cigarette smoke from polluted air), it often grows. In this way, the baby’s body tries to resist the negative influence of the environment.
• Presence of concomitant diseases (chronic tonsillitis).
• Complicated childbirth (during such childbirth the child is subjected to prolonged asphyxia).
• Hereditary predisposition.
• Constant hypothermia. It occurs in cases where nasal breathing is impaired.
• Stress and heavy physical activity.
• Staying in conditions of radioactive exposure.
• Allergic diseases.
• The child has tuberculosis.

When the hypertrophic process occurs, the child’s breathing becomes difficult. Speech is often unintelligible and unclear, with incorrect pronunciation of some consonants. Sleep becomes restless, as the child is tormented by a cough and often wheezes in his sleep. Hearing impairment with tonsil dystrophy is a common occurrence.

External changes often occur: the child’s upper jaw lengthens and the upper teeth protrude forward. Swallowing food becomes difficult. The skin becomes pale and the shape of the chest changes. The child suffers from headaches, and the performance of school-age children noticeably decreases as their concentration and memory decrease. Children whose tonsils begin to hypertrophy are more likely to suffer from tracheitis and otitis media. Bedwetting may also occur.

Hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils 1st and 2nd degree

Hypertrophy of the tonsils in children has several degrees: the size of the already hypertrophied tonsils is of fundamental importance in the classification.

The first degree of the disease is not too severe. The enlargement of the gland does not interfere with full nasal breathing, but sometimes slight snoring appears. In the second degree of the disease, a strong growth of the tonsil occurs, it closes almost half of the entrance to the nasopharynx. At the third stage of the disease, the entrance is completely closed by overgrown tonsils. Nasal breathing becomes impossible, and the child has to breathe through the mouth.

Proper treatment of the disease helps restore the normal size of the tonsils and ensure their normal functioning. Treatment methods for tonsil hypertrophy are very diverse. At an early stage of the disease, conservative treatment is resorted to. In the treatment of tonsil pathology, the following are used:

• Miramistin and Antiformin. They are used to gargle.
• Homeopathic remedies that have a lymphopropic effect. We are talking about Tonsillgon, Tonsilotren and other drugs.
• Silver solution. It is necessary to lubricate the tonsils.
• Drugs that strengthen weakened immunity are also used.
• If a child experiences an aggravation of tonsillitis, antibacterial therapy is carried out, and the throat must be gargled with antiseptic and disinfectant solutions.
• Various physiotherapeutic techniques. Particular attention should be paid to ozone therapy, vacuum hydrotherapy and laser therapy. Phonophoresis and balneotherapy are also justified.
• Visiting sea or mountain resorts is also useful. Therefore, rest in a sanatorium greatly alleviates the condition.
• The use of oxygen cocktails is also effective.

You can also use mud therapy, which involves applying mud applications to the neck.

At the initial stage of the disease, traditional methods of treatment can also be used. The recipes are simple and effective.

1. 10 grams of honey should be diluted in 200 ml of warm water. Wait until the honey is completely dissolved; this remedy should be used for two weeks to gargle.
2. Approximately 80 grams of dried blueberries should be brewed with half a liter of boiling water, and the mixture should be heated using a water bath. The liquid should reduce in volume by half when evaporated. You can gargle with this decoction. It is also taken orally, a quarter glass 4 times a day.
3. Lubricating the tonsils with freshly squeezed aloe juice is also effective. The procedure must be carried out for at least two weeks.
4. You can pour 20 grams of anise with alcohol. You need to take half a glass of alcohol. The infusion should stand in a dark place for about a week. The resulting tincture can be gargled twice a day for three weeks.
5. It is also useful to lubricate the tonsils with a mixture consisting of peach and glycerin, taken in equal proportions (one to one).

With the initial degree of hypertrophy of the tonsils, it is not recommended:

• Resort to self-treatment. You should definitely consult a specialist for advice.
• Monitor how the child breathes. If he breathes through his mouth, this can become a persistent habit that will be difficult to break in the future.

Hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils 2 and 3 degrees

For grades 2 and 3 of the disease, conservative treatment does not produce significant results. Therefore, surgery is performed. Before it, you need to undergo an examination: take blood and urine tests, do a bacterial test of your tonsils. Often they resort to pharyngoscopy, ultrasound examination of the pharynx or endoscopic examination. It is necessary to distinguish the pathology of the tonsils from the tumor process and infectious diseases of the nasopharynx.

Surgery for this disease is necessary in the following cases:

• Due to the strong closure of the tonsils, breathing is difficult.
• There is a suspicion of a tumor and a biopsy is necessary.
• Development of gland abscess.
• Frequent sore throats.

Surgery is performed under appropriate anesthesia. The procedure is not pleasant, but it does not cause pain. A special tonsillotome instrument is used to fix the protruding part of the tonsil. The gland is then quickly removed. Sometimes part of the tonsil is not removed; if its size is small, then the so-called biting of the tonsil with a short contochotomy is performed. The postoperative period has a number of complications:

• Possibility of bleeding from the wound.
• Development of infection and likelihood of suppuration.
• Possibility of trauma to the palate.
• Lymph node enlargement.

If the disease recurs, radiation therapy is necessary. After the operation, you cannot exercise for three weeks; it is recommended to eat soft food for a week. You should not take drugs that affect blood clotting for seven days. You should avoid visiting the bathhouse and swimming pool for a month.

Hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils in adults

This disease is observed quite rarely in adults. It can occur in a woman during pregnancy. Symptoms of the disease in an adult are approximately the same as in a child. If nasal breathing is difficult and night snoring occurs, you need to consult a doctor and determine whether there is an enlargement of the palatine tonsils.

Diagnosing pathology in an adult is more difficult than in a child. To examine the tonsil, you need special endoscopic equipment. Enlargement of the tonsil in an adult occurs due to chronic diseases that reduce the body's defense response. Proliferation of the tonsils occurs not only due to tonsillitis and chronic runny nose; caries and otitis media can also be the culprit of the disease. Pathology may occur due to nervous overstrain.

In adults, enlarged tonsils lead to a disease such as rhinitis. With a long course of the disease, kidney problems and heart problems may appear. This disease can be treated with homeopathic remedies, ultrasound, magnetotherapy, laser therapy, and traditional methods. For example, you can prepare a tincture of Kalanchoe, which is used for gargling. For the same purpose, lemon juice with the addition of honey is also useful.

You need to gargle three times a day. You can make compresses on the throat from sage, crushed potatoes or essential oils. If conservative treatment in an adult does not give the desired result, surgery is necessary. Surgical treatment is necessary to prevent the inflammatory process from spreading further. Women suffering from chronic tonsillitis or sinusitis need a comprehensive examination before planning pregnancy.

Because tonsil hypertrophy poses a threat to the health of mother and child. Due to the enlargement of the gland, the fetus experiences a lack of oxygen. This often leads to complications that are undesirable during pregnancy, in particular, it increases the risk of premature birth. If a pregnant woman is diagnosed with tonsil hypertrophy, she must carefully follow all doctor’s instructions to prevent exacerbation of the disease. After all, at the initial stage, antibiotics are not required to combat the disease. Full conservative or surgical treatment is carried out after childbirth or after stopping breastfeeding.

Source: http://vseogorle.ru/mindaliny/prichiny-gipertrofii-nebnyh-mindalin.html

Hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils

Hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils is an increase in the size of lymphoid formations located between the anterior and posterior arches of the soft palate, without signs of inflammatory changes. Clinical manifestations include discomfort when swallowing, deterioration of nasal and oral breathing, snoring, nasal sound, speech distortion, dysphagia. The main diagnostic criteria include anamnestic information, complaints, results of pharyngoscopy and laboratory tests. Therapeutic tactics depend on the severity of hypertrophy and consist of medication, physiotherapeutic treatment or tonsillectomy.

Hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils

Hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils is a common disease that occurs in 5-35% of the total population. About 87% of all patients are children and adolescents aged 3 to 15 years. Among middle-aged and older people, such changes are extremely rare. Often this condition is combined with an enlargement of the nasopharyngeal tonsil - adenoids, which indicates general hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue. The prevalence of the pathology in the pediatric population is associated with a high incidence of ARVI. Hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue of the pharynx is detected with equal frequency among males and females.

Causes

In modern otolaryngology, hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils is considered as a compensatory reaction. The proliferation of lymphoid tissue may be preceded by conditions accompanied by immunodeficiency. As a rule, enlarged tonsils are caused by:

Pathogenesis

Children under the age of 3-4 years are characterized by insufficiency of cellular immunity in the form of T-helper deficiency. This, in turn, prevents the transformation of B lymphocytes into plasma cells and the production of antibodies. Constant contact with bacterial and viral antigens leads to excessive production of functionally immature T-lymphocytes by lymphoid follicles of the tonsils and their hyperplasia. Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the nasopharynx are accompanied by increased mucus production. It, flowing down the back wall of the pharynx, has an irritating effect on the palatine tonsils, causing their hypertrophy. With lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis, in addition to persistent hyperplasia of the entire lymphoid tissue of the body, its functional insufficiency is observed, which causes an increased susceptibility to allergies and infectious diseases. An important role in the pathogenesis of the disease is played by allergic reactions, which cause degranulation of mast cells and the accumulation of a large number of eosinophils in the parenchyma of the palatine tonsils.

Classification

According to the diagnostic criteria of B. S. Preobrazhensky, there are 3 degrees of enlargement of the palatine tonsils:

• I Art. – tonsil tissues occupy less than 1/3 of the distance from the edge of the anterior palatine arch to the uvula or the midline of the pharynx.
• II Art. – hypertrophied parenchyma fills 2/3 of the above-mentioned distance.
• III Art. – the tonsils reach the uvula of the soft palate, touch each other or overlap each other.

According to the mechanism of development, the following forms of the disease are distinguished:

• Hypertrophic form. Caused by age-related physiological changes or constitutional abnormalities.
• Inflammatory form. Accompanies infectious and bacterial diseases of the oral cavity and nasopharynx.
• Hypertrophic-allergic form. Occurs against the background of allergic reactions.

Symptoms

The first manifestations of the disease are a feeling of discomfort when swallowing and a sensation of a foreign body in the throat. Since enlargement of the palatine tonsils is often combined with adenoids, difficulty in nasal breathing occurs, especially during sleep. Further proliferation of lymphoid tissue is manifested by a whistling noise when inhaling and exhaling through the nose, night cough and snoring, and deterioration of mouth breathing.

With hypertrophy II-III degree. there is a violation of the resonating properties of the extension tube (cavities of the pharynx, nose and mouth) and a decrease in the mobility of the soft palate. The result is dysphonia, which is characterized by a closed nasal tone, unintelligibility of speech and distortion of the pronunciation of sounds. Nasal breathing becomes impossible, the patient is forced to switch to breathing with an open mouth. Due to insufficient oxygen supply to the lungs, hypoxia develops, which is manifested by deterioration of sleep and memory, and attacks of sleep apnea. A pronounced enlargement of the tonsils leads to the closure of the lumen of the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube and deterioration of hearing.

Complications

The development of complications of hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils is associated with impaired patency of the nasopharynx and oropharynx. This leads to blocking the outflow of secretions produced by goblet cells of the nasal cavity and disruption of the drainage function of the auditory tube, which causes the development of chronic rhinitis and purulent otitis media. Dysphagia is accompanied by weight loss, vitamin deficiencies and gastrointestinal pathologies. Against the background of chronic hypoxia, nervous disorders develop, since brain cells are most sensitive to lack of oxygen.

Diagnostics

To make a diagnosis of tonsil hypertrophy, an otolaryngologist performs a comprehensive analysis, comparison of anamnestic data, patient complaints, results of an objective examination, laboratory tests and differentiation with other pathologies. Thus, the diagnostic program includes:

• Collection of medical history and complaints. Tonsil hyperplasia is characterized by respiratory failure, discomfort during the act of swallowing without concomitant intoxication syndrome and the development of sore throats in the past.
• Pharyngoscopy. With its help, symmetrically enlarged palatine tonsils of a bright pink color with a smooth surface and free lacunae are determined. Their consistency is densely elastic, less often soft. There are no signs of inflammation.
• General blood analysis. Detectable changes in peripheral blood depend on the etiopathogenetic variant of tonsil enlargement and can be characterized by leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, eosinophilia, and increased ESR. Often the data obtained is used for differential diagnosis.
• X-ray of the nasopharynx. It is used in the presence of clinical signs of concomitant hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsils and low information content of posterior rhinoscopy. Allows you to determine the degree of obstruction of the nasopharynx lumen by lymphoid tissue and develop further treatment tactics.

Differential diagnosis is carried out with chronic hypertrophic tonsillitis, lymphosarcoma, sore throat due to leukemia and cold intratonsilal abscess. Chronic tonsillitis is characterized by a history of episodes of inflammation of the tonsils, hyperemia and purulent plaque during pharyngoscopy, and intoxication syndrome. In most cases, lymphosarcoma affects only one tonsil. Sore throat in leukemia is characterized by the development of ulcerative-necrotic changes on all mucous membranes of the oral cavity, the presence of a large number of blast cells in a general blood test. With a cold abscess, one of the tonsils takes on a rounded shape, and when pressed, a symptom of fluctuation is determined.

Treatment of hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils

Therapeutic tactics directly depend on the degree of proliferation of lymphoid tissue, as well as the severity of the disease. If the severity of clinical manifestations is minimal, treatment may not be carried out - with age, involution of the lymphoid tissue occurs, and the tonsils independently decrease in volume. To correct grade I-II hypertrophy. physiotherapeutic measures and pharmacological agents are used. An increase in degree II-III in combination with severe respiratory distress and dysphagia is an indication for surgical removal of the palatine tonsils.

• Drug treatment. As a rule, it involves treating the palatine tonsils with silver-based antiseptic astringents and plant-based immunomodulators. The latter can also be used to rinse the nose. For systemic effects, lymphotropic drugs are used.
• Physiotherapeutic agents. The most common methods are ozone therapy, short-wave ultraviolet irradiation, inhalation of carbon dioxide mineral waters and mud solutions, electrophoresis, mud applications to the submandibular area.
• Tonsillectomy. Its essence lies in the mechanical removal of the overgrown parenchyma of the palatine tonsils using a Mathieu tosillotome. The operation is performed under local application anesthesia. In modern medicine, diathermocoagulation and cryosurgery, which are based on coagulation of tonsil tissue under the influence of high-frequency current and low temperatures, are gaining popularity.

Prognosis and prevention

The prognosis for tonsil hypertrophy is favorable. Tonsillectomy leads to the complete elimination of dysphagia, restoration of physiological breathing, and normalization of speech. Moderate hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue undergoes independent age-related involution, starting in adulthood. There are no specific preventive measures. Nonspecific prevention is based on timely treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases, correction of endocrine disorders, minimizing contact with allergens, spa treatment and rational vitamin therapy.

Hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils - treatment in Moscow

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Tonsils hypertrophied 1st degree

Thus, temporary hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils of the 1st degree is a variant of the norm for the acute period of an infectious disease. Enlargement of the tonsils to grades 2 and 3 leads to the appearance of symptoms of the disease and requires treatment. The pathology often occurs among children.

Hypertrophy of the tonsils can develop in parallel with an enlargement of the pharyngeal or lingual tonsil. Often, enlarged tonsils are diagnosed against the background of adenoids and vice versa.

Tonsils, depending on their size, can be classified as follows:

• 1st degree - characterized by a decrease in the throat lumen by a third;
• in the second degree – the diameter narrows by 2/3;
• the third degree is characterized by the connection of the surfaces of the tonsils, which completely closes the lumen of the throat.

It is not possible to say exactly why the tonsil becomes hypertrophied. However, we can say with confidence that this is a protective reaction of the body to the action of an unfavorable factor.

In children, due to the underdevelopment of the immune system, lymphoid tissue is very variable, so its hyperplasia does not require long-term exposure to a damaging factor.

Predisposing factors that cause the proliferation of lymphoid tissue, which causes hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils in children, include:

• decreased immune defense;
• exacerbation of chronic pathology;
• poor nutrition;
• frequent infections (ARVI, influenza);
• the presence of infection in the throat (pharyngitis) or nasopharynx (sinusitis);
• chronic tonsillitis, when microbes accumulate in the folds of the mucous membrane, supporting the inflammatory reaction;
• heavy physical activity;
• dry polluted air;
• occupational hazards.

Note that children whose parents suffered from adenoids or had their tonsils removed, that is, with a burdened heredity, suffer more often.

When contacting an otolaryngologist, in most cases, proliferation of lymphoid tissue not only of the tonsils, but also of the pharyngeal tonsil is diagnosed. The severity of clinical symptoms depends on the degree of hypertrophy of the tonsils and blockage of the lumen of the larynx.

When you try to independently examine the tonsils in the mirror, only in the second and third degrees can you notice their enlargement. Stage 1 growths are not so noticeable, so a person does not pay attention to the symptoms. Gradually, when grade 2 hypertrophy of the tonsils develops, signs indicating the disease begin to appear. As the tonsils enlarge, they become fused with each other and the uvula.

The consistency of the tonsils becomes compacted with a hyperemic (with inflammation) or pale yellow color. Clinically, a hypertrophied appearance of the tonsils can be noticed by the following signs:

1. the child begins to breathe heavily, this is especially noticeable when he plays outdoor games;
2. difficulty swallowing;
3. a foreign element is felt in the pharynx;
4. The voice changes and becomes nasal. Sometimes it is not possible to understand what the child is saying the first time, because some sounds are distorted;
5. Sometimes snoring and coughing are noted.

With further growth of lymphoid tissue, the passage of solid food becomes difficult. When the tonsils become inflamed, a sore throat develops. It is characterized by:

• acute onset;
• rapid deterioration of condition;
• febrile hyperthermia;
• purulent plaque on the tonsils, suppuration of the follicles, pus in the lacunae.

To make an accurate diagnosis, you need to see a doctor:

1. at the first stage, the doctor interviews complaints, studies the features of their occurrence, and also analyzes the life history (living conditions, previous and existing diseases). In addition, regional lymph nodes are palpated for inflammation;
2. at the second stage, pharyngoscopy is performed, which makes it possible to examine the condition of the tonsils, assess the extent of the process and determine the degree of proliferation of lymphoid tissue. Rhinoscopy is also recommended;
3. the third stage includes laboratory diagnostics. For this purpose, the patient is sent for microscopy and cultural examination. The material for examination is a smear from the tonsils.

Tests make it possible to confirm or exclude infectious lesions of the tonsils, as well as to establish the sensitivity of microbes to antibiotics.

To identify complications, otoscopy, rigid endoscopy, fibroendoscopy and ultrasound are performed. During the diagnostic process, hypertrophy must be differentiated from chronic tonsillitis, oncopathology and abscess.

Before deciding what to use for treatment, it is necessary to analyze the diagnostic results. It is especially necessary to take into account the degree of proliferation of lymphoid tissue, the presence of infection and the inflammatory process.

For systemic action the following may be prescribed:

For local effects, rinsing the throat with solutions with antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effects is indicated. Furacilin, Chlorhexidine, Givalex and Miramistin are suitable for the procedure. Rinsing with herbal decoctions (chamomile, yarrow, sage) is also allowed.

If necessary, lubrication of the tonsils with solutions with an antiseptic, drying and moisturizing effect is prescribed. To adequately assess the effectiveness of drug therapy, it is necessary to regularly visit a doctor and undergo diagnostics. You can achieve good results by simultaneously strengthening your immune defense.

Hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils grade 3 in children should be treated surgically. With such an increase in the tonsils, not only the symptoms of the disease are disturbing, but complications also appear. Impaired breathing is fraught with hypoxia, which makes the child drowsy, inattentive and capricious.

Removal of tonsils, or tonsillectomy, lasts no more than 50 minutes.

To prepare for surgery, it is necessary to undergo a full examination to identify contraindications.

Surgery may be tolerated if:

• acute course of an infectious disease;
• exacerbation of chronic pathology;
• coagulopathies;
• uncontrolled diseases of the nervous system (epilepsy);
• severe bronchial asthma.

In consultation with an otolaryngologist, the issue of removing the adenoids along with the tonsils may be considered if they are hypertrophied. Before surgery, it is necessary to find out the presence of allergic reactions to local anesthetics (novocaine, lidocaine).

Surgery can be performed under local anesthesia or general anesthesia. This is determined by the anesthesiologist during the conversation and based on the diagnostic results.

Typically, tonsillectomy is performed as planned, so the child can be fully examined, thereby preventing complications and easing the postoperative period.

Hospitalization for surgery is carried out when the child:

When contacting an otolaryngologist, in most cases, proliferation of lymphoid tissue not only of the tonsils, but also of the pharyngeal tonsil is diagnosed. The severity of clinical symptoms depends on the degree of hypertrophy of the tonsils and blockage of the lumen of the larynx.

When you try to independently examine the tonsils in the mirror, only in the second and third degrees can you notice their enlargement. Stage 1 growths are not so noticeable, so a person does not pay attention to the symptoms. Gradually, when grade 2 hypertrophy of the tonsils develops, signs indicating the disease begin to appear. As the tonsils enlarge, they become fused with each other and the uvula.

The consistency of the tonsils becomes compacted with a hyperemic (with inflammation) or pale yellow color. Clinically, a hypertrophied appearance of the tonsils can be noticed by the following signs:

1. the child begins to breathe heavily, this is especially noticeable when he plays outdoor games;
2. difficulty swallowing;
3. a foreign element is felt in the pharynx;
4. The voice changes and becomes nasal. Sometimes it is not possible to understand what the child is saying the first time, because some sounds are distorted;
5. Sometimes snoring and coughing are noted.

With further growth of lymphoid tissue, the passage of solid food becomes difficult. When the tonsils become inflamed, a sore throat develops. It is characterized by:

• acute onset;
• rapid deterioration of condition;
• febrile hyperthermia;
• purulent plaque on the tonsils, suppuration of the follicles, pus in the lacunae.

To make an accurate diagnosis, you need to see a doctor:

1. at the first stage, the doctor interviews complaints, studies the features of their occurrence, and also analyzes the life history (living conditions, previous and existing diseases). In addition, regional lymph nodes are palpated for inflammation;
2. at the second stage, pharyngoscopy is performed, which makes it possible to examine the condition of the tonsils, assess the extent of the process and determine the degree of proliferation of lymphoid tissue. Rhinoscopy is also recommended;
3. the third stage includes laboratory diagnostics. For this purpose, the patient is sent for microscopy and cultural examination. The material for examination is a smear from the tonsils.

Tests make it possible to confirm or exclude infectious lesions of the tonsils, as well as to establish the sensitivity of microbes to antibiotics.

To identify complications, otoscopy, rigid endoscopy, fibroendoscopy and ultrasound are performed. During the diagnostic process, hypertrophy must be differentiated from chronic tonsillitis, oncopathology and abscess.

The role of the palatine tonsils in maintaining immunity is very high. Hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils (tonsils) is a fairly serious disease. Hypertrophy leads to enlargement of the tonsils, but inflammation of the tonsils does not occur. This disease mainly affects children aged 4-14 years. Often, with hypertrophy of the tonsils, the adenoids are also enlarged in size.

The main reasons why hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils occurs in children are as follows:

• Frequent inflammatory and infectious diseases of the respiratory system in a child. The disease occurs especially often after diseases such as scarlet fever and measles.
• Lack of vitamins and nutrients, unbalanced diet, unfavorable weather conditions. For example, in a newborn child, the tissue of the tonsils is not mature enough, therefore, when exposed to unfavorable external factors (inhalation of cigarette smoke from polluted air), it often grows. In this way, the baby’s body tries to resist the negative influence of the environment.
• Presence of concomitant diseases (chronic tonsillitis).
• Complicated childbirth (during such childbirth the child is subjected to prolonged asphyxia).
• Hereditary predisposition.
• Constant hypothermia. It occurs in cases where nasal breathing is impaired.
• Stress and heavy physical activity.
• Staying in conditions of radioactive exposure.
• Allergic diseases.
• The child has tuberculosis.

When the hypertrophic process occurs, the child’s breathing becomes difficult. Speech is often unintelligible and unclear, with incorrect pronunciation of some consonants. Sleep becomes restless, as the child is tormented by a cough and often wheezes in his sleep. Hearing impairment with tonsil dystrophy is a common occurrence.

External changes often occur: the child’s upper jaw lengthens and the upper teeth protrude forward. Swallowing food becomes difficult. The skin becomes pale and the shape of the chest changes. The child suffers from headaches, and the performance of school-age children noticeably decreases as their concentration and memory decrease. Children whose tonsils begin to hypertrophy are more likely to suffer from tracheitis and otitis media. Bedwetting may also occur.

Hypertrophy of the tonsils in children has several degrees: the size of the already hypertrophied tonsils is of fundamental importance in the classification.

The first degree of the disease is not too severe. The enlargement of the gland does not interfere with full nasal breathing, but sometimes slight snoring appears. In the second degree of the disease, a strong growth of the tonsil occurs, it closes almost half of the entrance to the nasopharynx. At the third stage of the disease, the entrance is completely closed by overgrown tonsils. Nasal breathing becomes impossible, and the child has to breathe through the mouth.

Proper treatment of the disease helps restore the normal size of the tonsils and ensure their normal functioning. Treatment methods for tonsil hypertrophy are very diverse. At an early stage of the disease, conservative treatment is resorted to. In the treatment of tonsil pathology, the following are used:

• Miramistin and Antiformin. They are used to gargle.
• Homeopathic remedies that have a lymphopropic effect. We are talking about Tonsillgon, Tonsilotren and other drugs.
• Silver solution. It is necessary to lubricate the tonsils.
• Drugs that strengthen weakened immunity are also used.
• If a child experiences an aggravation of tonsillitis, antibacterial therapy is carried out, and the throat must be gargled with antiseptic and disinfectant solutions.
• Various physiotherapeutic techniques. Particular attention should be paid to ozone therapy, vacuum hydrotherapy and laser therapy. Phonophoresis and balneotherapy are also justified.
• Visiting sea or mountain resorts is also useful. Therefore, rest in a sanatorium greatly alleviates the condition.
• The use of oxygen cocktails is also effective.

You can also use mud therapy, which involves applying mud applications to the neck.

At the initial stage of the disease, traditional methods of treatment can also be used. The recipes are simple and effective.

1. 10 grams of honey should be diluted in 200 ml of warm water. Wait until the honey is completely dissolved; this remedy should be used for two weeks to gargle.
2. Approximately 80 grams of dried blueberries should be brewed with half a liter of boiling water, and the mixture should be heated using a water bath. The liquid should reduce in volume by half when evaporated. You can gargle with this decoction. It is also taken orally, a quarter glass 4 times a day.
3. Lubricating the tonsils with freshly squeezed aloe juice is also effective. The procedure must be carried out for at least two weeks.
4. You can pour 20 grams of anise with alcohol. You need to take half a glass of alcohol. The infusion should stand in a dark place for about a week. The resulting tincture can be gargled twice a day for three weeks.
5. It is also useful to lubricate the tonsils with a mixture consisting of peach and glycerin, taken in equal proportions (one to one).

With the initial degree of hypertrophy of the tonsils, it is not recommended:

• Resort to self-treatment. You should definitely consult a specialist for advice.
• Monitor how the child breathes. If he breathes through his mouth, this can become a persistent habit that will be difficult to break in the future.

For grades 2 and 3 of the disease, conservative treatment does not produce significant results. Therefore, surgery is performed. Before it, you need to undergo an examination: take blood and urine tests, do a bacterial test of your tonsils. Often they resort to pharyngoscopy, ultrasound examination of the pharynx or endoscopic examination. It is necessary to distinguish the pathology of the tonsils from the tumor process and infectious diseases of the nasopharynx.

Surgery for this disease is necessary in the following cases:

• Due to the strong closure of the tonsils, breathing is difficult.
• There is a suspicion of a tumor and a biopsy is necessary.
• Development of gland abscess.
• Frequent sore throats.

Surgery is performed under appropriate anesthesia. The procedure is not pleasant, but it does not cause pain. A special tonsillotome instrument is used to fix the protruding part of the tonsil. The gland is then quickly removed. Sometimes part of the tonsil is not removed; if its size is small, then the so-called biting of the tonsil with a short contochotomy is performed. The postoperative period has a number of complications:

• Possibility of bleeding from the wound.
• Development of infection and likelihood of suppuration.
• Possibility of trauma to the palate.
• Lymph node enlargement.

If the disease recurs, radiation therapy is necessary. After the operation, you cannot exercise for three weeks; it is recommended to eat soft food for a week. You should not take drugs that affect blood clotting for seven days. You should avoid visiting the bathhouse and swimming pool for a month.

This disease is observed quite rarely in adults. It can occur in a woman during pregnancy. Symptoms of the disease in an adult are approximately the same as in a child. If nasal breathing is difficult and night snoring occurs, you need to consult a doctor and determine whether there is an enlargement of the palatine tonsils.

Diagnosing pathology in an adult is more difficult than in a child. To examine the tonsil, you need special endoscopic equipment. Enlargement of the tonsil in an adult occurs due to chronic diseases that reduce the body's defense response. Proliferation of the tonsils occurs not only due to tonsillitis and chronic runny nose; caries and otitis media can also be the culprit of the disease. Pathology may occur due to nervous overstrain.

In adults, enlarged tonsils lead to a disease such as rhinitis. With a long course of the disease, kidney problems and heart problems may appear. This disease can be treated with homeopathic remedies, ultrasound, magnetotherapy, laser therapy, and traditional methods. For example, you can prepare a tincture of Kalanchoe, which is used for gargling. For the same purpose, lemon juice with the addition of honey is also useful.

You need to gargle three times a day. You can make compresses on the throat from sage, crushed potatoes or essential oils. If conservative treatment in an adult does not give the desired result, surgery is necessary. Surgical treatment is necessary to prevent the inflammatory process from spreading further. Women suffering from chronic tonsillitis or sinusitis need a comprehensive examination before planning pregnancy.

Because tonsil hypertrophy poses a threat to the health of mother and child. Due to the enlargement of the gland, the fetus experiences a lack of oxygen. This often leads to complications that are undesirable during pregnancy, in particular, it increases the risk of premature birth. If a pregnant woman is diagnosed with tonsil hypertrophy, she must carefully follow all doctor’s instructions to prevent exacerbation of the disease. After all, at the initial stage, antibiotics are not required to combat the disease. Full conservative or surgical treatment is carried out after childbirth or after stopping breastfeeding.

Treatment of tonsil hypertrophy in children

When treating any disease, the main focus of activities to achieve a positive result is to eliminate the causes of the disease and stimulate the functioning of the immune system.

If the disease in question is detected in mild or moderate severity, treatment of tonsil hypertrophy in children is carried out mainly with medication. To treat the area of ​​deformation, astringent and cauterizing medical compounds are used.

Tannin. This medicinal solution (in proportions of 1:1000) is used to rinse and lubricate the pharynx and tonsils. This drug has no contraindications, except for hypersensitivity to the components of the medication.

Antiforminum (antiseptic). This drug is used as a rinse to disinfect the oral cavity and the area of ​​the tonsils and pharynx. Rinsing is carried out with a 2 - 5% solution of the drug.

Silver nitrate (Argentnitras). To eliminate inflammatory processes and using the astringent property, a 0.25-2% solution of the drug is lubricated on the mucous membrane of the tonsils; if cauterization is necessary, the percentage of silver nitrate in the solution is increased to two to ten percent. In this case, a single dosage for adults should not exceed more than 0.03 g and a daily dosage of more than 0.1 g. No contraindications for this medication have been identified.

Lymphotropic drugs, drugs with antimicrobial and antiviral effects are also attributed. For example, such as:

Umkalor. This drug should be taken half an hour before meals with a small amount of water.

The dosage for children from one to six years is 10 drops. Reception is carried out three times a day.

For children aged six to twelve years, the one-time dosage should not exceed 20 drops. Take three times a day.

For children over the age of 12 years, umcalor is prescribed in a dosage of 20–30 drops.

Most often, the course duration is ten days. The drug is continued for several days after the symptoms of the disease have disappeared. If relapses of the disease occur periodically, the treatment course is continued, but with a lower dosage.

Lymphomyosot. This medicine is prescribed to a child in a dosage of 10 drops taken three times a day. The course of treatment is prescribed by the doctor observing the baby based on the clinical picture of the disease and the severity of its manifestations. No side effects or contraindications were identified, except for hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Tonsilgon. This is a combination medicine based on herbal ingredients. Form of administration of the drug: tablets and aqueous-alcoholic extract of a cloudy yellow-brown color. It is used for inhalation. This drug has no special contraindications, with the exception of individual intolerance to the constituent components of the drug.

Tonsilotren. The drug tablets dissolve in the mouth. If the course of the disease is indicated by acute manifestations, the attending physician prescribes the following dosage protocol: for two to three days, after every two hours, the small patient should dissolve two tablets. The duration of the course is up to five days.

If the disease does not manifest itself so acutely, then for children aged ten to 14 years the drug is prescribed two tablets, taken twice a day. This medicine is not recommended for children under ten years of age. If the symptoms of the disease disappear within three days, the drug is discontinued, otherwise treatment can be extended to five days. In case of relapse, the duration of treatment can be increased to two to three weeks, divided into several courses.

It is not recommended to administer this drug to children under ten years of age, pregnant women and women during breastfeeding, as well as patients with liver and kidney failure. It should be taken with caution by elderly people and patients with severe diseases of the gastrointestinal tract or thyroid gland.

For this disease, non-drug methods are often used for medicinal purposes:

• Application of ozone therapy. The baby breathes ozone for a prescribed period of time.
• Spa treatment. Such patients are referred to climatic and balneo-mud sanatoriums.
• Ultrasound therapy provides treatment by applying ultrasound to the tonsils.
• Vacuum hydrotherapy. Rinsing and treating tonsils with mineral and sea water.
• Carrying out inhalations with decoctions and oils of plants that have an antiseptic effect (sage, chamomile...), mineral water and mud solutions.
• Peloid therapy. Applying mud compresses to the submandibular area.
• Electrophoresis with healing mud.
• Oxygen cocktails.
• UHF and microwave. Irradiation of the submandibular region with lymph nodes.

If it is not possible to restore the original size of the tonsils using medicinal and non-medicinal methods and the process threatens to enter the stage of a chronic disease, the otolaryngologist is forced to opt for a tonsillotomy. This is a surgical intervention in which part of the changed lymphoid tissue is removed. This operation is performed under general anesthesia. The baby is put to sleep, holding the tongue with a spatula, and the part of the tonsil that protrudes beyond the accepted size is resected.

If necessary, a tonsillectomy is performed - complete resection of the tonsils. Not so long ago, such surgical intervention was the norm. Today, this operation is prescribed quite rarely (for chronic peritonsillar abscesses), since with complete removal of the tonsils, Waldeyer's ring is ruptured and the defense line along the path of infection is destroyed.

Traditional medicine is also ready to offer several recipes that help with tonsil hypertrophy in children.

• It is necessary to teach your baby to rinse his mouth after every meal. Such a simple procedure will not only cleanse the mouth of food debris (bacteria), but also introduce an element of hardening. Moreover, problems with the child should not arise, since children play with water with pleasure. You can rinse with regular water, or you can use herbal decoctions (sage, calendula, oak bark, mint, chamomile).
• You can use ointments: mix aloe juice and honey in a ratio of 1:3. Lubricate the tonsils with this ointment. You can also simply apply aloe juice alone.
• Rinsing with a solution of sea salt (sea water) is also effective. For a glass of soda at room temperature, or a little higher, put one to one and a half teaspoons of salt.
• It is very good to rinse with a decoction of iodine-rich walnut leaves.
• It is effective to lubricate the tonsils with propolis oil, which is done quite simply at home. Add one part propolis to three parts vegetable oil. Heat for 45 minutes in the oven or in a water bath, stirring. Leave to brew for a while and strain. This composition can be stored for a long time in a cool place.
• You can also lubricate your tonsils with apricot, almond and sea buckthorn oil.

One of the important functions of the human body is to protect it from the adverse effects of pathogenic microorganisms and foreign substances.

To this end, the immune system finds, recognizes, and then destroys foreign agents.

Tonsils are an important component of the protective system, which is part of the lymphoid pharyngeal ring. The organ is a kind of “immune gate” of the body.

Its purpose is to destroy harmful microbes that enter the body along with inhalation.

Hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils of 1-3 degrees is a consequence of previous infectious diseases of the respiratory system, esophageal-pharyngeal reflux or allergic manifestations.

Often, the tonsils enlarge between the ages of three and ten years. They then undergo involution and acquire a normal size, which is facilitated by the maturation of the immune system.

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There are three degrees of hypertrophy of the tonsils, which are graded depending on the space occupied:

• I degree - the tonsils fill 1/3 of the space between the midline of the pharynx and the palatine arch.
• II degree – tonsils cover 2/3 of the space;
• III degree - the tonsils fill the entire pharynx, touching each other.

Adenoids are a growth of the nasopharyngeal tonsils. They cannot be seen without the use of special instruments, because they are located near the center of the skull, closer to the nose.

In the first degree, there is a slight hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils, in which there is a slight obstruction of the top of the vomer - the posterior parts of the nasal septum.

At the second stage, the opener space is closed by 2/3. And at the last stage, the lumen is completely blocked and the patient can only breathe through the mouth.

It is worth noting that tonsil hypertrophy is common in adults.

And the disease, in which the adenoids grow in almost 100% of cases, develops in young patients.

Since the tonsils are part of the body’s defense system, with constant exposure to air saturated with pathogenic microbes, they are constantly in an active protective state. This leads to an increase in the number of immature T-lymphocytes that make up the hypertrophied lymphoid tissue of the tonsils.

Often the symptoms of this condition are not very pronounced. But the following manifestations can be distinguished:

1. deterioration in the level of mental and physical activity;
2. frequent headaches;
3. development of chronic runny nose;
4. oxygen starvation;
5. constant relapses of purulent tonsillitis;
6. hearing loss.

Naturally, these signs may indicate the occurrence of other diseases; to determine this, you must consult with an otolaryngologist. However, hypertrophy of the tonsils most often develops in patients with chronic sinusitis, sinusitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis and other diseases of the respiratory tract, during which the lymphoid tissue of the tonsils increases.

It is worth noting that hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils of any degree can cause infertility. Many women constantly visit the gynecologist, trying to solve this problem, but in reality they just need to cure chronic otitis media, sore throat, sinusitis or rhinitis.

After all, it has been scientifically proven that enlarged tonsils interfere with conception. This happens because during chronic infection, toxins are constantly released, which often reach the brain, reaching the sections responsible for the synthesis of hormones necessary for pregnancy.

Enlargement of the tonsils on one side is a common and quite dangerous phenomenon. Therefore, the patient should not delay a visit to a venereologist, pulmonologist-TB specialist and oncologist.

In this condition, a parallel enlargement of the cervical, submandibular and postauricular lymph nodes may be observed.

The reasons for the appearance of tonsil hypertrophy may lie in the presence of:

• tumor-like formations;
• syphilis;
• pulmonary tuberculosis and other infectious diseases caused by atypical microbes.

To confirm or refute the presence of lymphogranulomatosis or lymphosarcoma and other oncological diseases, material is collected. If tests indicate a malignant formation, then the enlarged gland is cut off, and then anti-cancer treatment is carried out. In addition, it is necessary to take a smear of the flora to do a culture and determine the sensitivity of the bacteria to antibacterial drugs.

Particular care should be taken if the patient has a disease such as Burkitt's lymphoma, in which the lymphoid tissue grows rapidly, so every day is important. It has been established that with such a disease the tumor can increase significantly even within 24 hours.

Moreover, unilateral hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils may be a constitutional feature of the body or a consequence of a recent acute respiratory infection or acute respiratory viral infection.

Be that as it may, it is better to immediately conduct research, because the initial stages of the development of tuberculosis, tumors and other diseases of this kind are safely transferred into remission.

As a rule, after successful treatment, such diseases no longer remind of themselves.

To establish an accurate diagnosis, the ENT specialist prescribes various studies. So, it is imperative to do a pharyngoscopy, during which the nasal and oral cavities are examined and materials are collected.

In addition, it is necessary to take a lateral radiograph of the nasopharynx. An image is needed to determine the degree of enlargement of the tonsils. In addition, a posterior or anterior rhinoscopy is performed, that is, an examination of the nose, which uses a mirror that is inserted into the oropharynx.

It is worth noting that before receiving test results, the doctor sometimes prescribes rinses and certain medications.

Source: http://net-prostuda.ru/2017/12/25/mindaliny-gipertrofirovany-1-stepeni/