Terry sinusitis what is it

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Symptoms of sinusitis are easy to recognize

The first symptoms of sinusitis immediately frighten people. This is a serious inflammation of the maxillary sinus. It makes breathing difficult and also leads to complications, in particular those requiring surgical intervention.

Table of contents:

Practice shows that the symptoms and treatment of sinusitis are of interest to many people. Some people want to clarify the details in order to know the exact information, while others are thinking about visiting a doctor.

Symptoms of the disease

A person should look at photos of sinusitis symptoms to know exactly what time it is time to seek medical help. Still, there are cases when the patient arrives at the hospital too late, so he has to resort to surgery. Yes, it is not so complicated, but it requires rehabilitation. So it's time to look at the main signs and treatment of sinusitis.

  1. Unpleasant sensations in the nose;
  2. Difficulty breathing through the nose;
  3. Constant runny nose;
  4. Heat;
  5. Malaise;
  6. Sneezing.

If you have a question about what symptoms of sinusitis appear first, you need to look for the answer in the list provided. He takes into account even minor nuances that often go unnoticed by people. Because of this, you need to seriously evaluate your own condition. Even the first symptoms of sinusitis should lead to significant suspicions, which means a visit to the nearest clinic. So it is better to thoroughly evaluate each symptom.

Unpleasant sensation in the nose

When asking the question of what causes sinusitis, it is enough to recall a variety of infectious diseases. They are the main reason that leaves behind unpleasant consequences. Thus, unpleasant sensations in the nose are often not noticed by people, remaining, in their opinion, remnants of an illness. However, they are the first signs of serious troubles that will allow you to find out what sinusitis looks like.

In addition, sensations always change throughout the day. In the evening they intensify, and severe headaches begin. You need to immediately remember how to treat the first signs of sinusitis, since such a situation cannot be ignored.

Headaches are a serious sign of illness. You can read how to treat headaches with folk remedies here.

Difficulty breathing through the nose

There is also difficulty breathing through the nose. The question, what signs of sinusitis are most troubling, will definitely receive this answer. When a person has difficulty breathing, the correct flow of processes throughout his body is disrupted.

Accordingly, he faces a serious problem in trying to get rid of the terrible sensations. Practice shows that even such symptoms of sinusitis do not always prompt you to go to the clinic.

In fact, a lack of oxygen is detrimental to the human body. Your health gradually deteriorates, creating problems in everyday life. Accordingly, a video of the symptoms of sinusitis will be useful, which will show what you may encounter later. It is not surprising that experts often advise seeking professional help immediately.

Constant runny nose

Another serious problem is a constant runny nose. Every patient has to deal with it, because this is how terry sinusitis manifests itself. Doctors say that it will no longer be possible to get by with a handkerchief or drops. If such troubles appear, it is better to immediately go to the hospital. Only here specialists know what to do if sinusitis becomes inflamed.

Of course, you can continue to ignore the inconvenience, but over time the situation will worsen.

A runny nose is just a prerequisite for deterioration. Most often, the causes and treatment of sinusitis initially appear in a mild form, and over time develop into a real disease. Experience shows how much easier it is to immediately undergo treatment for sinusitis than to delay it, risking your own health. A runny nose will progress to congestion, which will require clearing of the sinuses.

Heat

High temperature is a sign of any inflammation, so weakness with sinusitis and a runny nose speak better about the true cause of the symptom. However, along with it, serious consequences are revealed, which are expressed in the inflammatory process. Yes, the body begins to fight the infection, but no immune system can ever cope with the ongoing disease. It is enough to look at a photo of the sinuses with sinusitis to recognize the true state of your own body.

A high temperature suggests that a person still has the strength to self-medicate, but this does not last long. Most often, the absence of inflammation is a clear reason to consult a specialist. Only he will accurately examine the causes and symptoms of sinusitis in order to choose the optimal treatment method.

Malaise

Loss of energy is not only a symptom of a depressive nervous disorder. On the contrary, in many cases they recognize the symptoms and how to treat sinusitis, they begin to tell their patients. Moreover, such a condition appears almost at any time, which immediately complicates the situation.

Such symptoms of sinusitis immediately make you fall asleep at work, experience frequent dizziness, and high blood pressure.

Constant discomfort will indicate that treatment for sinusitis is required. You can’t blame everything on lack of sleep and excessive physical activity; it’s much more useful to first turn to specialists so that you can know exactly the problem. Moreover, hidden sinusitis may not manifest itself with other symptoms. Accordingly, it is better to think about which doctor to contact for sinusitis.

Sneezing

Allergies are considered normal, but sneezing is also a constant sinusitis. When the causes of sinusitis are considered, a simple symptom remains unattended. Some people think they have a mild cold, while others think it's pollen and fur. However, this is the development of sinusitis in a vivid form. Gradually, sneezing becomes obsessive, preventing a person from relaxing.

Now the course of the disease sinusitis is well studied. Specialists even provide photographs of surgery for sinusitis to acquaint the patient with the consequences of his indiscretion. Practice shows that even the simplest manifestation of sinusitis each time develops into serious consequences, even migraines. Because of this, medical assistance will never be superfluous.

If signs of sinusitis appear, you need to go to the clinic. The smallest troubles are symptoms of the onset of sinusitis. They tell a person that he has the opportunity to cope with the disease in a timely manner. So in just a few weeks you will be able to see the first signs of recovery from sinusitis, so as not to worry about your own health.

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Sinusitis - signs, symptoms and treatment in adults, causes, exacerbation of the disease

Sinusitis is a type of sinusitis that is characterized by inflammation of the maxillary sinus (maxillary sinus). The name of the disease comes from the name of the sinus, the defeat of which causes the disease (the maxillary sinus in medicine is called the maxillary sinus; these sinuses are located on both sides of the nose, just below the eyes). The inflammatory process affects one or both maxillary sinuses.

Sinusitis can develop at any age, including in children. The incidence of sinusitis increases significantly during the cold season and can occur in various forms. When the disease develops, the inflammatory process covers both or one maxillary sinus. In this article you will learn about what the symptoms of sinusitis may be and how to treat it.

Causes

Experts believe that the main reason for the formation of pathology is the presence of bacterial or viral agents in the maxillary sinuses. During the autumn-winter period, the immune system is weakened and the body is susceptible to the penetration of bacteria that can provoke illness.

The maxillary sinuses are located in the thickness of the bones of the upper jaw closer to the nasal passage and have a volume of about 30 cm³. They secrete a secretion that moisturizes the nasal passages, protecting them from dust, allergens and pollution.

The causes of sinusitis can be different. For example:

  • congenital disorders of the anatomy of the nasal cavity (deviated septum, enlarged nasal turbinates);
  • allergic diseases;
  • prolonged stay in a room where the air is too dry and heated to a high temperature;
  • being in a draft;
  • previous influenza or acute respiratory viral infection;
  • weakening of the immune system;
  • mechanical damage to the nasal septum (any physical impact, trauma, etc.);
  • growth of polyps and adenoids;
  • dangerous diseases such as tuberculosis, fungal infection of the mucous membrane, radiation sickness, tumors, etc.

The incidence of sinusitis is very high. Among diseases of the ENT organs they occupy first place. According to statistics, about 10 million people get sick in Russia every year.

Types of sinusitis

Sinusitis can be catarrhal or purulent. In catarrhal sinusitis, the discharge from the maxillary sinus is aseptic in nature, while in purulent sinusitis it contains microflora.

In the photo you can see: unilateral and bilateral sinusitis

Depending on what caused the onset of sinusitis, there are several types:

  • Varieties according to the degree of coverage distinguish between unilateral and bilateral sinusitis;
  • depending on the presence of inflammation in one maxillary sinus or both;
  • according to the nature of the disease: acute, subacute and chronic sinusitis;
  • Depending on the cause, sinusitis can be: viral, bacterial, fungal, traumatic.

Most often, both sinuses become inflamed, so bilateral sinusitis is most common. However, there are cases when the left or right sinus becomes inflamed, depending on this they distinguish between left-sided and right-sided.

Any type of sinusitis is dangerous to human health. Because it can become chronic or cause a more serious illness. If characteristic symptoms of sinusitis occur, it is necessary to begin treatment to avoid serious consequences.

Symptoms of sinusitis in adults

Often adults exhibit the following symptoms of sinusitis:

  • Weakness;
  • Constant nasal congestion;
  • Cough;
  • Chills;
  • Chronic courses of tonsillitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis;
  • Fever;
  • Pain syndromes that radiate to the forehead, teeth, nose. Pain sensations depend on which side the maxillary sinus is inflamed and filled with pus. The head may hurt on the right side or on the left.

One of the symptoms of sinusitis is inflammation of the mucous membrane. The photo above shows how the air circulation in the sinuses is blocked due to the swollen mucous membrane.

Signs of acute sinusitis

Acute sinusitis indicates that the infection develops quickly (over several days) and spreads throughout the body in a short time. Characteristic clinical symptoms of mild acute sinusitis are:

  • difficulty breathing through the nose;
  • mucous discharge, in rare cases mucopurulent;
  • impaired sense of smell;
  • slight pain in the forehead or projection of the maxillary sinuses.

Acute sinusitis of moderate and severe course is characterized by:

  • general intoxication;
  • fever of 38ᵒC and above;
  • intense headache;
  • severe pain in the projection of the sinuses;
  • swelling of the eyelids and soft tissues of the face.

In moderate and severe cases of the disease, there is a risk of developing intracranial complications.

Symptoms of the chronic form

Chronic sinusitis in remission occurs with mild symptoms. Patients are usually concerned about:

  • slight weakness, fatigue;
  • intermittent headache without clear localization;
  • nasal congestion, as a result of which the sense of smell is impaired;
  • pain and sore throat when swallowing, caused by the irritating effect of mucus flowing from the inflamed sinus along the back wall of the throat;
  • Often, especially in the morning, patients' eyelids swell and conjunctivitis appears.
  • some swelling in the area of ​​​​the projection of the sinus onto the face.

When chronic sinusitis enters the acute stage, the patient’s well-being worsens:

  • they note severe weakness,
  • slight increase in temperature (usually no more than 37.5–37.7 C);
  • The discharge changes its color most often a week after the exacerbation of the disease, it becomes yellow and sinusitis turns into a purulent form.
  • The headache becomes more intense, especially when tilting the head forward, and a feeling of heaviness appears in the head.

Due to blockage of the mucous glands in chronic sinusitis, true cysts and small pseudocysts of the maxillary sinus often form.

Allergic sinusitis

It is characterized by a paroxysmal course with unexpected nasal congestion, itching, frequent sneezing and copious discharge. Quite often the disease occurs as a bilateral lesion. The following symptoms are characteristic of allergic sinusitis:

  • headache;
  • copious nasal discharge;
  • chills, as well as a general deterioration in health;
  • tension and pain in the sinus area;
  • purulent mucous discharge from the nose is noted;
  • Photophobia may occur;
  • itching in the nose.

Viral

The disease is asymptomatic in most cases (or rather, mixed with the symptoms of the underlying viral infection), although in some cases the following are noted:

  • Headache;
  • Putrid odor from the mouth;
  • Cough with mucous discharge;
  • Fever;
  • Toothache (upper jaw);
  • Decreased sense of taste or smell.

Bacterial

Bacterial sinusitis usually begins after a cold or runny nose. Feeling worse, weakness occurs, and temperature rises. Pus or light yellow mucus with an unpleasant odor is discharged from the nasal passage on the affected side. There is a feeling of nasal congestion and heaviness inside it. These symptoms are especially aggravated when tilting or turning the head.

Fungal

Usually occurs as a result of colonization of the mucous membrane by bacteria such as pneumococcus, streptococcus, staphylococcus against the background of weak body resistance. Depending on the type of inflammatory agent, the color of nasal discharge can vary from yellow to dark green. The main symptoms that accompany it:

  • the appearance of white-yellow, white cheesy, jelly-like or even brown and black nasal discharge;
  • sometimes - bloody streaks in the discharge;
  • cyanosis of the nasal mucosa;
  • swelling of the nose;
  • severe difficulty in nasal breathing;
  • nasal congestion becomes permanent;
  • recurrent headaches;
  • pain in the teeth, in the upper jaw;
  • loss of smell.

The appearance of temperature during sinusitis

A prerequisite for the development of sinusitis is the addition of bacterial flora (most often it is Haemophilus influenzae and pneumococcus), so with sinusitis there is almost always a temperature.

A high temperature during sinusitis is an indicator of the characteristics of its form, and not just a sign of the disease itself.

Temperature usually indicates the presence of an inflammatory process. To eliminate the source of infection, it is necessary to destroy the environment favorable for the proliferation of pathogenic organisms. Thus, a mandatory stage of restorative therapy is the removal of purulent mucus, which is carried out mainly by rinsing.

Basically, the temperature will depend on the stage of the disease, its etiology and the body's resistance.

  1. With acute purulent sinusitis, in most people the temperature rises to degrees. That is, the rise figures depend on the severity of the disease and the body’s immune response.
  2. With an exacerbation of chronic sinusitis, the temperature, if it rises, is not very high. It can stay at 37-37.5 degrees.

You should try to normalize the temperature when it has reached 38-38.5 degrees, which can already harm the body. If the fever is lower, the body should be given the opportunity to devote its strength to fighting the infection, which begins to die during such a temperature.

In any case, remember that antipyretic drugs, like any other, for sinusitis should be prescribed exclusively by a doctor. Only well-chosen treatment will achieve eradication of the pathogen and complete recovery.

Exacerbation

The fact that this is sinusitis cannot be immediately understood, since the disease tends to be hidden behind various other diseases. Characteristic symptoms most often make themselves felt when the disease worsens. The main complaints of patients with exacerbation of inflammation are:
  • Pain in the sinus area, which intensifies when chewing, tilting the head sharply, or sneezing.
  • Discharge from the nose mixed with pus.
  • Severe nasal congestion, which can cause headaches and fatigue.
  • A slight swelling of the skin over the jaw, which is accompanied by pain when pressed.
  • Increase in body temperature to 38 degrees.
  • Change in voice timbre, nasality.

Diagnostics

Sinusitis is diagnosed and treated by ENT doctors; the diagnosis is made based on complaints and examination, as well as x-rays of the paranasal sinuses. Diagnosis of sinusitis begins with a general examination, including:

  1. studying the patient’s medical history (previous colds, results of recent laboratory tests, etc.);
  2. examination of the nasal cavity;
  3. physical examination, in which the doctor palpates the area around the nose, above and below the eyes to determine the presence of tenderness and its intensity.
  4. general blood test, which includes counting all types of blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets), determining their parameters (cell sizes, etc.), leukocyte formula, measuring hemoglobin levels, determining the ratio of cell mass to plasma
  5. X-ray of the paranasal sinuses. To clarify the diagnosis, as a rule, an X-ray examination is prescribed. With sinusitis, the image shows a darkening in the area of ​​the maxillary sinuses - the accumulation of mucus in the cavities does not allow x-rays to pass through.
  6. CT scan of the sinuses. The situation is more complicated in the chronic form of the disease: computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses is needed to identify a foreign body, polypous process, cysts and other changes. The examination of the sinuses is carried out within 5 minutes and is absolutely painless. This method involves the use of X-rays on the area being examined.

How to find out whether you have sinusitis or not on your own? Try to tilt your head down and hold for 3-5 seconds; usually with sinusitis there is a strong feeling of heaviness, pressing on the bridge of the nose and the eye area. Raising your head, the discomfort usually subsides, disappearing completely after a while. Of course, this is an approximate diagnosis; only an ENT doctor can establish the correct diagnosis.

Treatment methods for sinusitis

In the treatment of sinusitis, the most effective is an integrated approach. Its goal is to suppress the infectious focus in the sinus and improve its drainage. Non-invasive, painless methods of treatment in combination with drug treatment lead to complete recovery and prevent the transition of inflammation to a purulent, acute, chronic stage.

When the process worsens, comprehensive treatment should be carried out, the goals of which are to restore normal nasal breathing and destroy the causative agent of the disease. Mild acute sinusitis tends to resolve on its own. No special treatment regimens are used. Treatment is symptomatic. Apply:

  1. Anti-inflammatory medications – to combat common symptoms of inflammation.
  2. Vasoconstrictor drugs - to improve the natural communication of the sinuses with the nasal cavity.

To reduce swelling of the mucous membrane and restore normal ventilation of the sinuses, local vasoconstrictor drugs (sanorin, galazolin, naphthyzin, otilin, nazivin) are used for a period of no more than 5 days. In case of significant hyperthermia, antipyretic drugs are prescribed; in case of severe intoxication, antibiotics are prescribed. You can avoid adverse side effects and achieve a high concentration of the drug at the site of inflammation by using topical antibiotics.

With advanced inflammation, the outlet of the maxillary sinus is blocked by thickened accumulations of mucus and pus. Depending on the severity of the inflammation, the patient may only need one puncture of the maxillary cavity, followed by cleansing of pus and washing the sinuses with medicinal solutions.

  • Treatment for chronic sinusitis

The main goals of treatment are aimed at:

  1. Reducing inflammation in the sinuses;
  2. Restoring the patency of the nasal passages;
  3. Elimination of the cause of chronic sinusitis;
  4. Reducing the incidence of sinusitis.

The patient must be prescribed antibiotics, local rinsing of the sinuses with antiseptic solutions, antihistamines and vasoconstrictor nasal drops.

It is very important to get rid of the proliferation of microorganisms; for this, antibacterial drugs are used - Cefix, Cefodox, Ceftriaxone, Moxifloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Gatifloxacin.

If a doctor prescribes antibiotics, it is important to complete the entire course. Typically, this means that you will have to take them for a period or more - even after the sinus symptoms have gone away. If you stop taking them early, symptoms may return.

Drug therapy

Bacteria that provoke the development of sinusitis are quickly suppressed by tetracycline and penicillin antibiotics. They cause the death of bacteria. Next, you will learn about tablets that help with sinusitis.

Basically, for sinusitis, doctors prescribe the best antibiotics of the tetracycline and penicillin groups, which can destroy the walls of bacterial cells, causing their death. Their advantages include:

  • Wide spectrum of action;
  • Stability in the stomach environment;
  • A small number of side effects;
  • Minimum side effects.

Effective antibiotics include:

You need to remember that if a large amount of pus has accumulated in the maxillary sinuses (purulent sinusitis occurs) and it is not removed, the effect of the antibiotic will be weakened. In addition, the effectiveness is slightly reduced if there is swelling of the sinuses.

It is important to know that all of the above remedies relieve symptoms within 1-2 days after the start of treatment. But you should not stop taking antibiotics just because the patient feels much better. This way, sinusitis can become chronic, and antibiotics will lose their ability to destroy or inhibit infectious bacteria.

It should be remembered that throughout the entire period of treatment (especially if sinusitis is contracted during the cold season), the patient should wrap his face high with a scarf to prevent hypothermia. The full course of therapy for an acute process can last up to 2 months.

Nasal drops

Only a doctor who constantly monitors the patient should decide which drops to treat sinusitis. There is no need to use drops for sinusitis and sinusitis for more than 6 days. According to doctors, they are addictive if used longer than the specified time.

There are several types of nasal drops for the treatment of sinusitis. These groups include:

  1. Vasoconstrictors
  2. Anti-inflammatory Drops with antibacterial action
  3. Herbal nasal preparations
  4. Antihistamine drops
  5. Sea water drops
  6. Complex drops.
  • for patients with sinusitis over 12 years of age, the dosage is increased to 2 drops into the nasal passage, also three times a day;
  • spray 0.1% is used for children over 6 years of age, as well as for adults - in each nasal passage up to 3 times a day.

Puncture of the maxillary sinus

In advanced cases, when traditional methods do not help, a puncture is performed. Puncture of the maxillary sinus is considered an operation, although not a particularly complicated one. Piercing the nose for sinusitis helps not only to alleviate the patient’s well-being, but also to finally recover from such an unpleasant illness

Indications for puncture for sinusitis are as follows:

  • Traditional treatment methods have not produced a therapeutic effect and the patient’s condition is only getting worse.
  • Nasal congestion is accompanied by severe headaches, aggravated by tilting the head forward.
  • An unpleasant odor emanates from the patient's nose.

Puncture of the nasal sinuses for sinusitis is carried out using a special Kulikovsky needle. Before this, the patient is given a fairly strong painkiller. A syringe is attached to the needle and the sinus is washed with it, thus removing its contents (pus, blood or mucus).

Washing is done with several types of solutions: antiseptic and decongestant. Then a special long-term medication is injected into the sinus to further combat the disease.

The selection of postoperative treatment must be carried out by the attending physician, and strictly individually.

Surgical treatment of sinusitis

In severe cases, surgery is necessary. But surgery is only recommended in cases where other treatment options have failed. These methods include:

  • Correction of the nasal septum (septoplaty) is a surgical operation to correct a deviated nasal septum. The purpose of the operation is to improve nasal breathing;
  • Radioturbation of the nasal concha;
  • Partial or complete removal of the nasal mucosa (conchotomy) is an operation that involves removing the nasal turbinates. Another name for this operation is turbinectomy. Surgery is necessary when it is determined that enlarged turbinates are the cause of impaired nasal breathing, chronic rhinitis and inflammation of the paranasal sinuses (chronic sinusitis);
  • Removal of nasal polyps (polypotomy). The essence of the method is that the structure of the polyp sharply loses fluid under the influence of the laser. “Evaporation” of polypous tissue occurs, i.e. its reduction.

The surgical intervention aims to create a permanent connection between the nose and the maxillary sinus. Radical surgery is used for severe forms of sinusitis.

Nutrition for sinusitis

Products that should be in the diet for sinusitis:

  • Freshly squeezed juices especially from carrots, beets, spinach and cucumber. Juices from these vegetables can be drunk either individually or in the form of a cocktail. For example, in proportions 3:1:2:1.
  • Herbal teas based on chamomile, string, St. John's wort, tea rose and others. Warm drink and steam from a cup moisturize the mucous membranes, facilitate the outflow of mucus and breathing through the nose.
  • Natural mineral water - maintains normal mineral-water balance in the body, improves blood composition, increases the body's resistance.

As the severity of clinical symptoms decreases (with successful treatment of acute sinusitis), a three-component basic diet is recommended. The diet should consist of three food groups: seeds, nuts and grains, vegetables and fruits.

Washing

The procedure for cleansing the sinuses and nasal cavity significantly reduces swelling of the mucous membrane, tones the capillary system, and also improves the immune functions of the epithelium, which in turn begins to fight the problem on its own. The main function of nasal rinsing is not only to remove stagnant mucus, but also to restore the full natural process of its removal.

  1. Before you start rinsing your nose with the solution, you need to relieve congestion with vasoconstrictor agents. After 10 minutes, you can begin rinsing;
  2. A popular method of rinsing is using a syringe or syringe without a needle. But it is more convenient to rinse the nose with a special device called a jala neti teapot, or using a special nasal syringe purchased at a pharmacy;
  3. Tilting your head to the side, you need to insert the device into the nostril and begin to pour liquid into it. Then you need to slowly tilt your head to the other side for the solution to come out. The same action is repeated with the second nostril.

The most common are rinses with drugs - saline solution and sea water; also often used:

Is it possible to warm your nose if you have sinusitis?

Sinusitis does not go away on its own or just from warming up, so under no circumstances should it be started. And even a common runny nose must be treated, since the likelihood of it turning into acute and then chronic sinusitis is quite high.

Sinusitis should not be treated with heating at the acute stage of its development. Heat leads to increased swelling, congestion will not go away, it will only increase. It is heat, acting on purulent inflamed areas, that activates the process of pus coming out. But the sinuses are blocked, and the movement of pus will be in a completely different direction: the infection will spread to the teeth, ears, eyes, and brain.

As you can see, the possibility of using warming depends on the stage of the disease and the characteristics of its course in a particular patient.

In general, if you are not sure whether it is possible to warm your nose during sinusitis at your stage, you should contact a specialist to avoid various kinds of complications. After all, prompt and correctly selected treatment will give extremely positive results.

What happens if sinusitis is not treated: consequences and complications for humans

This disease should be considered a very insidious disease. Symptoms begin suddenly. The patient complains of poor general health: weakness, drowsiness, high body temperature. The main complaint is headache and purulent nasal discharge, so you definitely need to understand that sinusitis is dangerous.

Complications after sinusitis can be divided into two large groups. The first group includes negative consequences that are associated with the ENT organs and the respiratory system.

Among them we can distinguish such pathological processes as:

  • Transition from acute to chronic;
  • Inflammatory phenomena in the pharynx and tonsils;
  • Bronchitis and pneumonia;
  • Spread of sinusitis to other sinuses;
  • Inflammation of the middle ear (otitis).

Complications from other organs:

  1. Meningitis. A very serious complication of chronic sinusitis is inflammation of the soft membranes of the brain and spinal cord, i.e. meningitis. The disease can be acute (symptoms appear within a couple of hours from the onset of the disease) or be sluggish.
  2. Sepsis. Sinusitis can lead to sepsis. When too much pus accumulates, it leaks out of the sinuses and spreads throughout the body. It often enters the bloodstream, which causes sepsis.
  3. Osteoperiostitis. Limited inflammation of the bone and periosteum of the orbit, clinically usually diagnosed as periostitis. It can be located in any department and can be either non-purulent or purulent in nature, up to the formation of an abscess.

Always treat illnesses on time, consult a doctor and do not forget about an annual preventive examination.

Prevention

Immunologists say that it is imperative to prevent sinusitis during a runny nose, since people with this symptom are especially susceptible to developing this disease.

For this reason, experts strongly recommend that during the autumn-winter period, people with weakened immune systems consume as many vitamins as possible, and sometimes the use of special medications, mainly vitamin complexes, is allowed to prevent sinusitis in adults.

Sinusitis in adults often occurs against the background of other diseases, so to prevent it, you should be treated in time and avoid factors that provoke colds:

  1. Treat teeth immediately when signs of a problem appear.
  2. Brush your teeth 2 times a day.
  3. Treat allergies.
  4. Wash your hands after going outside and before eating.
  5. Don't get too cold.
  6. Carry out wet cleaning regularly.
  7. Get vaccinated.

On frosty days, make sure that the indoor air is not only warm, but also humidified. It is recommended to place a vessel with water next to the battery - this will be enough to prevent the climate from becoming dry. After all, this can lead to drying of your nasal mucous membranes, which can trigger the onset of the disease, because in winter we suddenly go from a warm room into the cold.

If it is still not possible to avoid sinusitis, it is necessary to begin treatment immediately so that the disease does not become chronic. It is extremely difficult to cure chronic sinusitis: the disease will return again and again after any cold or the slightest hypothermia. To prevent this from happening, acute sinusitis should be completely cured.

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Thank you! Very useful information for me. I'm sure not only for me.

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Sinusitis

Sinusitis is inflammation of the maxillary (maxillary) sinuses. It is accompanied by difficulty in nasal breathing, mucopurulent discharge from the nasal passages, intense pain in the bridge of the nose and at the wings of the nose, swelling of the cheek and eyelid on the affected side, and a rise in body temperature. Timely treatment will help avoid serious complications: otitis media, meningitis, brain abscess, orbital phlegmon, osteomyelitis, myocardial and kidney damage.

Sinusitis

Sinusitis is inflammation of the maxillary (maxillary) sinuses. It is accompanied by difficulty in nasal breathing, mucopurulent discharge from the nasal passages, intense pain in the bridge of the nose and at the wings of the nose, swelling of the cheek and eyelid on the affected side, and a rise in body temperature. Timely treatment will help avoid serious complications: otitis media, meningitis, brain abscess, orbital phlegmon, osteomyelitis, myocardial and kidney damage.

Sinusitis can be acute or become chronic. According to international medical statistics, about 10% of the population of developed countries falls ill with acute sinusitis and other sinusitis every year. The disease affects people of all ages. In children under 5 years of age, sinusitis almost never occurs, since at this age the paranasal sinuses are not yet sufficiently developed.

The mechanism of development of sinusitis

The maxillary sinus is an air-filled cavity in the maxillary bone. The maxillary sinus has common bone walls with the following anatomical formations: above - with the orbit, below - with the oral cavity, from the inside - with the nasal cavity.

Along with other paranasal sinuses (two frontal, two ethmoid and one sphenoid), the maxillary sinuses perform the following functions:

  • participate in equalizing pressure in the cavity formations of the skull in relation to external atmospheric pressure;
  • warm and clean the inhaled air;
  • form the individual sound of the voice.

All sinuses communicate with the nasal cavity through small openings. If these openings become closed for some reason, the sinuses stop being ventilated and cleaned. Microbes accumulate in the cavity and inflammation develops.

Causes and risk factors for developing sinusitis

Sinusitis can be caused by streptococci, staphylococci, chlamydia, Haemophilus influenzae, fungi, viruses and mycoplasma. In adults, sinusitis is most often caused by viruses, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. In children, the causative agents of sinusitis are often chlamydia and mycoplasma. In weakened patients and patients with impaired immunity, sinusitis can be caused by fungal and saprophytic microflora.

Risk factors include diseases and conditions that impede normal ventilation of the maxillary sinus and contribute to the penetration of infection into the sinus cavity:

The risk of developing sinusitis increases in winter and autumn due to the natural seasonal decrease in immunity.

Classification of sinusitis

Sinusitis can be catarrhal or purulent. In catarrhal sinusitis, the discharge from the maxillary sinus is aseptic in nature, while in purulent sinusitis it contains microflora. Depending on the route of infection, hematogenous (usually in children), rhinogenic (usually in adults), odontogenic (microbes enter the maxillary sinus from adjacent molars) and traumatic sinusitis are distinguished.

Depending on the nature of the morphological changes, the following forms of chronic sinusitis are distinguished:

  • Exudative (catarrhal and purulent chronic sinusitis). The predominant process is the formation of pus.
  • Productive (purulent polypous, polypous, necrotic, atrophic, parietal hyperplastic sinusitis, etc.). The predominant process is a change in the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus (polyps, atrophy, hyperplasia, etc.).

Due to blockage of the mucous glands in chronic sinusitis, true cysts and small pseudocysts of the maxillary sinus often form.

Polypous and polypous-purulent forms of chronic sinusitis are widespread. Less common are parietal-hyperplastic and catarrhal allergic forms, very rarely – caseous, cholesteatoma, oseotic and necrotic forms of chronic sinusitis.

Symptoms of sinusitis

  • Symptoms of acute sinusitis

The disease begins acutely. The patient's body temperature rises to 38-39C, signs of general intoxication are expressed, and chills are possible. In some cases, the patient's body temperature may be normal or subfebrile. A patient with sinusitis is bothered by pain in the area of ​​the affected maxillary sinus, zygomatic bone, forehead and root of the nose. The pain increases with palpation. Irradiation to the temple or the corresponding half of the face is possible. Some patients experience diffuse headaches of varying intensity.

Nasal breathing on the affected side is impaired. With bilateral sinusitis, nasal congestion forces the patient to breathe through the mouth. Sometimes, due to blockage of the tear duct, lacrimation develops. Nasal discharge is initially serous and liquid, then becomes viscous, cloudy, and greenish.

As a rule, chronic sinusitis is the outcome of an acute process. During the period of remission, the patient's general condition is not impaired. With an exacerbation, signs of general intoxication appear (weakness, headache, weakness); the temperature may rise to febrile or subfebrile.

Exudative forms of chronic sinusitis are characterized by discharge, the amount of which increases during the period of exacerbation and becomes insignificant when the patient’s condition improves. With catarrhal sinusitis, the discharge is liquid, serous, with an unpleasant odor. In the purulent form of the disease, the discharge is thick, yellowish-green. Abundant viscous mucous discharge appears, which dries out and forms crusts in the nasal cavity.

Headache, as a rule, appears only during periods of exacerbation of chronic sinusitis or when the outflow of discharge from the maxillary sinus is disrupted. The headache is pressing or bursting; according to patients, it is often localized “behind the eyes” and intensifies with lifting of the eyelids and pressure on the infraorbital areas. Decreases during sleep and in a lying position (relief is explained by the resumption of the outflow of pus in a horizontal position).

Often, patients with chronic sinusitis complain of a night cough that does not respond to conventional treatment. The cause of cough in this case is pus flowing from the maxillary sinus along the back wall of the pharynx.

In patients with chronic sinusitis, skin lesions in the vestibule of the nasal cavity (cracks, swelling, maceration, oozing) are often detected. Many patients develop concomitant conjunctivitis and keratitis.

Diagnosis of sinusitis

The diagnosis is made based on the patient's complaints, external examination data (reflex dilation of the skin vessels in the infraorbital region is determined), examination of the nasal mucosa (inflammation, swelling, purulent discharge from the sinus opening). An x-ray of the maxillary sinus reveals darkening. If other research methods are insufficiently informative, a puncture of the maxillary sinus is performed.

Treatment of sinusitis

  • Treatment of acute sinusitis

To reduce swelling of the mucous membrane and restore normal ventilation of the sinuses, topical vasoconstrictor drugs (naphazoline, naphazoline, xylometazoline hydrochloride) are used for a period of no more than 5 days. In case of significant hyperthermia, antipyretic drugs are prescribed; in case of severe intoxication, antibiotics are prescribed. You can avoid adverse side effects and achieve a high concentration of the drug at the site of inflammation by using topical antibiotics. After normalization of the temperature, physiotherapy (Sollux, UHF) is recommended.

To achieve a sustainable effect of therapy for chronic sinusitis, it is necessary to eliminate the causes that contribute to the development of inflammation in the maxillary sinus (adenoids, chronic diseases of the ENT organs, deviated nasal septum, diseased teeth, etc.). During an exacerbation, local vasoconstrictors are used in short courses (to avoid mucosal atrophy).

The maxillary sinus is drained. Sinus lavage is carried out using the “cuckoo” or sinus evacuation method. For this purpose, disinfectant solutions are used (firacilin, potassium permanganate). Proteolytic enzymes and antibiotic solutions are injected into the cavity. Physiotherapeutic techniques are used (inhalations, diathermy, ultraphonophoresis with hydrocortisone, UHF). Patients with sinusitis benefit from speleotherapy.

For purulent polyposis, polyposis, caseous, cholesteatoma and necrotizing forms of chronic sinusitis, surgical treatment is indicated. The maxillary sinus is opened - a maxillary sinus.

Sinusitis - treatment in Moscow

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Sinusitis. An urgent question!

Just the day before yesterday my nose began to clog again. True, now only the mucus comes out, but before the pus came out. What to do in such a situation? I don’t want to start this case, because after the puncture I no longer had any desire to get sick :) Tomorrow I’m thinking of going to the hospital to take a picture of my nose. It is useless to go to our district doctor, because last time he made the wrong diagnosis, which is why I was admitted to the regional hospital.

If you carry out treatment at home, what should you use for treatment? What procedures should I do? How to rinse your nose? Maybe you can come up with something like a “cuckoo”?

Advise anyone who has experienced sinusitis. The question is very urgent.

I would advise you SINUFORTE - it’s expensive, but with its help I cured my sinusitis. But a very burning medicine for strong-willed men :)

Source: http://otvet.mail.ru/question/

Sinusitis. Causes, symptoms, modern diagnosis and effective treatment of the disease.

FAQ

The site provides reference information. Adequate diagnosis and treatment of the disease is possible under the supervision of a conscientious doctor.

Anatomy and physiology of the nasal sinuses

  • Warming and humidification of inhaled air. For this purpose, nature has come up with a special mechanism. Inside the sinuses there is a mucous membrane covered with small villi. The air passing through the cavity of the sinuses is moistened due to the release of moisture from the villi. The mucous membrane of the sinuses is well supplied with blood, due to this the optimal temperature inside the sinuses is maintained, and the passing air is also warmed.
  • The paranasal sinuses also have a resonating property. Participate in the formation of a specific voice timbre. A person’s voice can change when the sinuses become inflamed, when mucus, pus collects in them, or there is simply swelling of the mucous membrane. In such cases, the voice becomes nasal.

Causes of sinusitis

  • Various infections developing in the upper respiratory tract.
  • Local or general cooling of the body reduces resistance to infections
  • Rhinitis (inflammation of the nasal mucosa), of allergic origin.
  • Anatomical features of the internal structure of the nasal cavity, or its defects. (Displacement of the nasal septum, nasal polyps, traumatic injuries to the nasal septum or turbinates, leading to the closure of the natural communications of the nasal cavity with the sinuses).
  • Bronchial asthma. It contains large concentrations of biologically active substances that promote swelling and other inflammatory changes in the nasal cavity and sinuses.
  • HIV infection. The weakening of immunity observed during HIV infection causes easy penetration of pathogenic bacteria not only into the sinuses, but their spread throughout the body.
  • Deep caries and the inflammatory changes in the roots of the teeth present with it. This is especially true for the upper incisors, since the lower wall of the sinuses of the upper jaws is very close to them, and the inflammatory process can easily spread to the sinuses.

Rare causes leading to the occurrence of sinusitis are:

  • Injuries in the nose area.
  • Tumors whose localization directly affects respiratory functions.
  • Choanal atresia. Choanae are natural internal exits from the nasal cavity. Atresia means their underdevelopment. There is no breathing through the nose.
  • Cystic fibrosis is an inherited genetic disease in which very viscous and thick mucus is formed in the respiratory tract. A kind of plugs form in the tubules connecting the nasal cavity with sinuses. In such conditions, infection very easily sets in and the process very soon becomes chronic.

An irrefutable fact is that the larger the sinus, the easier it is for infection to penetrate there. The maxillary sinuses are the largest. Plus, statistics show that inflammation of the maxillary sinuses is much more common than other sinuses.

Symptoms of sinusitis

Clinical symptoms are divided into local and general. Local symptoms include:

  • Pain arising from the affected sinus. If both sinuses are involved in the process, then the pain is located on the right and left sides of the nose, under the eyes. The pain is constant and aching, intensifying in the evening. The occurrence of pain is associated with increased pressure of pus accumulated in the sinuses on its walls. There are frequent cases of pain moving to areas adjacent to the nose, such as the temples, head, or over the entire surface of the face (with a bilateral process). The pain intensifies if the patient tilts his head down.
  • Purulent discharge from the nose. Depending on the cause that caused the inflammatory process, the discharge can be mucous in nature (with a viral infection of the nasal cavity and sinuses), and purulent contents of a yellow-green color with a very unpleasant odor (with the development of a pathological process that has passed from the inflamed roots of the teeth).
  • The sense of smell is impaired. Patients note that previously strongly felt odors now seem weaker.

Common symptoms include:

  • Increased body temperature up to degrees.
  • Weakness, increased fatigue
  • Spilled headaches

Diagnosis of sinusitis

Treatment of sinusitis

Drug treatment of sinusitis

Local medicines include:

  • Naphthyzin is a local drug. Constricts the vessels of the mucous membrane, reduces swelling and redness of inflamed tissues. Also improves nasal breathing and nasal congestion.

Apply in the form of drops several times a day as nasal breathing becomes difficult. Children are prescribed a 0.05% solution, adults – a 0.1% solution.

  • Galazolin (xylometazoline) is also a local drug. Improves nasal breathing, relieves symptoms of inflammation, and promotes better opening of the tubules connecting the sinuses to the nasal cavity, thereby increasing the outflow of purulent contents outward.

Application. Place a few drops in each nostril 2 times a day.

Prescribe drops of a 0.05% solution for children and 0.1% solution for adults.

  • Oxymetazoline is a local vasoconstrictor. Belongs to the same pharmacological group of drugs described above. The purpose and use, route of administration and dose are similar.

Vasoconstrictor drugs are used for a week, after which a break is taken. If the inflammatory process is chronic, then taking these drops should be resumed after a break for about a week. You should not abuse the use of drugs in this group, since adverse effects appear in the form of dryness and a burning sensation in the nasal cavity. In these cases, you should stop taking these medications.

  • Polydex with phenylephrine is a combined antibacterial drug with a wide spectrum of action. Available in 15 ml bottles. used as a spray. Inject into each nostril 3-5 times a day.
  • Bioparox is a topical antiseptic drug. It has an inhibitory effect on the development of pathogenic bacteria, as well as a moderate anti-inflammatory effect. It goes on sale in the form of an aerosol in bottles. It is used by spraying liquid contents into each nostril three or four times a day.

General treatment

  • Suprastin (chloropyramine) – 25 mg tablets. Take 1 tablet 3-4 times a day.
  • Loratadine (Claritin) – 10 mg tablets. Also exists in the form of syrup in bottles. To take it, just take one tablet a day.

Antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis

  • Amoxicillin is a penicillin antibiotic. Destroys a wide range of pathological bacteria. Available in 500 mg tablets. It is used as a drug of choice for the treatment of many inflammatory processes, including rhinitis and sinusitis.
  • Augumetin is a combination drug of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. The effectiveness of the drug is increased due to the presence of clavulanic acid in its composition. Taken in the form of mg tablets. 3-4 times a day. The dose is prescribed individually depending on the age and severity of the disease.
  • Doxycycline is a drug derived from tetracycline. Has a fairly wide spectrum of action. It affects both bacteria and many other pathogenic organisms. It is used for sinusitis in tablets of 0.1 gram once twice a day, washed down with plenty of water.

Sinupret is a widely used herbal remedy. Effective in the complex treatment of inflammation of the upper respiratory tract.

Surgical method for treating sinusitis

This modern method allows you to completely painlessly remove pus from all the sinuses of the nose, without resorting to puncture. It is carried out using a special device “YAMIK”. It is also possible to rinse and inject antibacterial agents into the sinuses. The method is based on creating negative pressure in the nasal cavity of one half, while pus begins to flow through the natural anatomical passages connecting the sinus cavity with the nasal cavity. The advantage is that sinus puncture can be avoided and excessive trauma to soft tissue and bone can be avoided. If the openings of the tubules connecting the nasal sinuses with the nasal cavity are closed for some reason (polyps, overgrowth of the opening), then this procedure must be abandoned.

Prevention of sinusitis

  • Hardening procedures include periodic physical exercise, outdoor sports, sunbathing, and rubbing with a cold towel. These activities not only improve the immune status of the body, but also contribute to better growth and development of children.
  • It is preferable to avoid stressful situations and emotional overloads that reduce the body's defenses.
  • Compliance with hygiene standards is one of the main rules of every person. Adults should teach children to wash their hands with soap before eating, coming from outside, or after using the toilet. Brush your teeth with toothpaste to prevent tooth decay. Before eating fresh fruits and vegetables, be sure to wash them thoroughly.
  • Periodic wet cleaning of premises will reduce the amount of flying dust and reduce the risk of the spread of germs.
  • If one of the family members is sick with a contagious disease of the upper respiratory tract (flu, acute runny nose, sore throat, etc.), I use special masks for the mouth and nose area, when talking and caring for the patient.
  • Adults, and especially children, who are just beginning to experience cold symptoms should seek primary medical care to avoid complications.
  • Immunity is strengthened not only by hardening and playing sports. If you do not follow the correct diet and do not receive all the necessary nutrients and vitamins from food. Naturally, anyone who sneezes or coughs nearby can easily infect you with a cold.
  • General hypothermia of the body, drinking cold water, excessive eating of ice cream - all these factors lead to a decrease in the body's defenses and the occurrence of a runny nose, sore throat, bronchitis and other infectious and inflammatory diseases. Don't let this happen.

Sinusitis in children, what are the features, symptoms and treatment?

  • age over 4 years;
  • the symptoms of the disease are mild and proceed as an acute respiratory viral infection;
  • difficult to diagnose;
  • sinusitis in a child can be caused by a foreign body in the nose and sinuses, which is often detected late;
  • rapid and frequent development of complications of sinusitis;
  • It is difficult to cure sinusitis in a child due to physiologically narrow nasal passages and a greater predisposition to swelling of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract.

It is very important to diagnose sinusitis on time; with delayed treatment, a chronic process often develops in the maxillary sinuses. To do this, you need to know the signs and symptoms of this disease.

  • pressure in the nasal area, increasing when the head is tilted forward;
  • headache;
  • pain when pressing on the projection area of ​​the maxillary sinuses;
  • clear nasal discharge, which appeared at the beginning of the infectious disease, is replaced by yellow-green nasal discharge, first on one side, then on both nostrils;
  • blowing out “snot” does not lead to relief;
  • breathing is frequent, may be noisy, through an open mouth;
  • night snoring;
  • cough occurs due to the flow of purulent mucus along the back wall of the throat;
  • pain in the teeth of the upper jaw;
  • increased body temperature above 38 0 C;
  • weakness, lethargy, fatigue, poor appetite;
  • In younger children, nasal congestion, headaches and swelling in the maxillary sinuses are manifested by anxiety and crying.

If any of the above symptoms appear against the background of high body temperature and general intoxication symptoms, if the child is sick for more than 3 days, you should consult an ENT doctor.

2. Relieve swelling of the mucous membranes of the nose and sinuses.

3. Ensure the drainage of pus from the sinuses.

4. Kill the pathogen.

5. Remove general intoxication.

6. Increase immunity.

7. Restore the mucous membrane of the nose and sinuses after sinusitis, and prevent the process from becoming “chronic.”

  • Only severe sinusitis is subject to hospitalization;
  • Antibiotics are prescribed necessarily, the selection of the drug is carried out individually according to age, it is advisable to conduct an antibiogram of nasal discharge before this;
  • vasoconstrictor drugs in the nose;
  • rinsing the nose with saline solutions (saline solution 0.9%, Aquamaris, etc.);
  • it is possible to use complex nasal drops: a vasoconstrictor + an antiseptic or an antibiotic + a glucocorticoid + an antihistamine;
  • vacuum nasal rinsing (“cuckoo”) with antiseptics;
  • drugs to enhance immunity (Imunoflazide, Echinacea, Uracil, and so on);
  • drugs that thin the mucus (Ambroxol, Sinupret, Sinuforte and others);
  • antiallergic drugs to relieve swelling of the mucous membrane (Diazolin, Loratadine, Erius and others);
  • vitamins.

If there is no effect from the therapy, punctures (punctures) of the maxillary sinuses are recommended to ensure the outflow of pus from the sinuses.

  • UHF and microwave electromagnet into the nasal cavity;
  • electrophoresis with vasoconstrictor drugs and antibiotics into the nasal cavity;
  • Diadem waves have an analgesic effect.

Without treatment, sinusitis in a child can lead to serious complications:

  • chronic sinusitis - the course of the disease for more than 2 months, chronic headaches and toothaches;
  • decreased immunity of the upper respiratory tract - frequent infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract, as well as bronchitis and pneumonia;
  • bronchitis or pneumonia - severe cough, shortness of breath, high body temperature, listening to wheezing over the lungs;
  • purulent otitis – ear pain, hearing loss, feeling of fullness in the ears;
  • purulent conjunctivitis - redness of the eyelids, purulent discharge from the eye, dryness and itching of the mucous membrane of the eye and soreness in the eyeball;
  • phlegmon (abscess) of the orbit.
  • osteomyelitis of the skull bones (purulent destruction of bone tissue) - severe pain in the area of ​​the affected part of the bone, severe intoxication syndrome, detection of bone destruction on x-rays;
  • purulent meningitis (inflammation of the meningeal membranes of the central nervous system) - the appearance of meningeal symptoms, severe headaches, vomiting, impaired consciousness, convulsions and other symptoms;
  • sepsis – blood poisoning;
  • with streptococcal etiology of sinusitis - rheumatic diseases of the heart or joints.

Sinusitis during pregnancy, what is dangerous and how to treat it?

In addition to the common complications of sinusitis, pregnant women always have the risk of adverse effects of a bacterial infection on the fetus. Due to the reduced immunity of a pregnant woman, the risk of complications is very high.

  • transition of the disease to a chronic form;
  • due to impaired nasal breathing, a lack of oxygen develops in the body of a pregnant woman, which has a detrimental effect on the development of the baby;
  • spread of infection to nearby organs: conjunctivitis, otitis, purulent tonsillitis, osteomyelitis of the upper jaw, meningitis;
  • spread of infection throughout the body: sepsis, pyelonephritis, myocarditis, intrauterine infection of the fetus;
  • Arterial hypertension due to lack of normal sleep and prolonged headaches negatively affects the blood circulation of the fetus.

In order to avoid the development of such severe complications, a pregnant woman needs to consult a doctor at the first signs of rhinitis, without waiting for the development of sinusitis. And if sinusitis does develop, it must be treated without delay, following all the instructions and prescriptions of the ENT doctor.

Treating sinusitis in a pregnant woman is quite problematic, since taking any medications is not advisable and can harm the unborn child. But the risk of developing possible complications of sinusitis outweighs the risk from taking medications. So it is necessary to treat, but the treatment must be specially selected and as safe as possible for the woman and the fetus.

  • Do not self-medicate.
  • The question of prescribing antibiotic therapy is decided individually, taking into account the severity of the disease, the duration of pregnancy and the risks of refusing antibiotics and harm from them.
  • Vasoconstrictor nasal drops and drops containing hormones (hydrocortisone, prednisolone and others) are prescribed with caution, as these substances can affect the blood circulation of the fetus and the tone of the uterus.
  • Local treatment of sinusitis is preferable: vacuum rinsing of the “cuckoo” nose with antiseptics (furacilin, chlorhexidine and others) and antibacterial drugs, at least 10 procedures.
  • It is recommended to take medications that thin the mucus based on herbs and homeopathy (Sinupret, Sinuforte and others).
  • In severe cases, punctures of the maxillary sinuses are performed to ensure the outflow of pus from them, on average from 5 to 10 procedures.
  • For sinusitis with poor outflow of pus from the maxillary sinuses, especially in the chronic form of the disease, a sufficiently new surgical low-traumatic method is used - balloon sinuplasty (Acclarent), which is safe during pregnancy (for information on how it is carried out, read in the section “YAMIK and balloon sinuplasty").

Prevention of sinusitis in pregnant women:

  • avoid places with large crowds of people;
  • do not overcool;
  • after contact with ARVI patients, rinse your nose with saline solutions;
  • the first signs of ARVI are a reason for bed rest, following all the doctor’s recommendations, drinking plenty of fluids, humidified air, and so on;
  • if you have a runny nose for more than 3-5 days, an increase in body temperature 3-5 days after the first symptoms of ARVI, pain and a feeling of fullness in the nose, you must urgently consult an otolaryngologist (ENT) for timely treatment and to prevent the development of complications of sinusitis;
  • healthy lifestyle and nutrition, and so on.

Chronic sinusitis, what are the causes of development, signs and treatment?

  • untreated or improperly treated acute sinusitis;
  • deviated nasal septum (congenital, the result of trauma or a history of chronic adenoiditis);
  • narrowness of the nasal passages and the mouths of the sinuses (anatomical feature);
  • vasomotor rhinitis – disturbance of vascular tone of the nasal cavity;
  • allergic diseases: allergic rhinitis, hay fever, hay fever and others;
  • dental implants of the upper jaw, diseases of the teeth and oral cavity;
  • adenoid growths grade 3-4;
  • reduced immunity and other possible reasons.

How to recognize chronic sinusitis?

  • A runny nose with yellow or green nasal discharge that lasts more than one month is intermittent;
  • erased symptoms of the disease, mild symptoms, against the background of normal body temperature and relatively normal general health;
  • absence or low intensity of headache;
  • dull pain in the area of ​​the maxillary sinuses, a feeling of fullness in them;
  • one-sided nasal congestion;
  • chronic cough with scanty sputum production;
  • swelling of the eyelids;
  • frequent bacterial (purulent) conjunctivitis, otitis, tonsillitis;
  • impaired odor recognition, change in voice timbre;
  • weakness, chronic fatigue, sleep disturbance, night snoring with attacks of apnea (short-term cessation of breathing).

If you experience several of the above symptoms, it is time to consult a doctor to diagnose the disease.

2. X-ray of the maxillary sinuses in various projections - pus in the cavities and thickening of their mucous membrane can be detected.

3. Computed tomography is the most informative method for diagnosing chronic sinusitis, especially important when preparing for any surgical procedures.

4. Endoscopy of the nasal cavity and appendages - examination of the nasal cavity and sinuses using special equipment equipped with a camera.

5. Puncture of the maxillary sinuses followed by laboratory examination of the contents of the cavity (microscopy, culture, antibiogram).

6. General blood and urine analysis.

7. Ultrasound of the paranasal sinuses is less informative than radiography.

Photo: X-ray of the skull in a direct projection, diagnosis: chronic sinusitis and frontal sinusitis on the right.

  • treatment of allergies or vasomotor rhinitis (if necessary, surgical treatment);
  • sanitation of the oral cavity;
  • surgical correction of nasal septums, maxillary sinus openings, removal of adenoids, cysts and polyps;
  • increasing immunity, and for HIV-positive people - prescribing antiretroviral therapy (lifelong therapy that supports the immunity of an HIV-infected patient).

2. Removing swelling of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses:

  • vasoconstrictor drops for no more than 5-7 days;
  • drops with glucocorticoids (Nasonex, Beconase, etc.), they are prescribed for a long period, in addition to relieving swelling, hormones help relieve inflammation;
  • daily rinsing of the nose with saline solutions.

3. Treatment of emerging complications of sinusitis, local and from other organs.

  • the decision on the need for antibiotics is decided individually;
  • rinsing the nose with antibiotics and antiseptics;
  • bacteriophages (staphylococcal, streptococcal, polyvalent bacteriophage) in the form of nasal drops.

5. Punctures of the maxillary sinuses in the absence of outflow of pus from the sinuses.

7. Long-term use of drugs that thin the mucus (Sinupret, Sinuforte and others).

  • bacterial lysates for topical use: IRS-19, Respibron, Bronchomunal and others;
  • systemic immunostimulants: echinacea, eleuthorococcus, uracil, Flavoside and many others.

9. Hardening, healthy lifestyle, giving up bad habits, avoiding contact with allergens.

Odontogenic sinusitis, what are the causes, signs and treatment?

  • first and second molars;
  • second premolar.

This sinusitis is very dangerous, as it is fraught with serious complications.

  • the main reason is untimely contact with the dentist;
  • deep caries;
  • flux;
  • pulpitis;
  • phlegmon;
  • periodontitis;
  • alveolar cysts;
  • violation of the rules for placing a filling (remnant of dead tissue in the canal, deep insertion of the filling directly into the cavity of the maxillary sinus);
  • dental implant of the upper jaw - when the implant is rejected (and this is a foreign material for the body), inflammation and suppuration of the bone of the upper jaw occurs;
  • removal of decayed teeth can lead to infection of the postoperative wound and infection in the maxillary sinus.

Signs of odontogenic sinusitis:

  • the appearance of a feeling of fullness in the maxillary sinuses, which intensifies when the head is tilted forward and/or mucous or purulent discharge from the nose after treatment at the dentist;
  • pain in one half of the face, especially under the eye socket;
  • constant aching headaches;
  • nasal congestion, decreased sense of smell, voice changes;
  • yellow-green discharge from the nose, mainly on one side, sometimes the discharge has an unpleasant putrefactive odor;
  • bad breath;
  • toothache, worse when chewing;
  • intoxication symptoms: increased body temperature, often to high levels, weakness, sleep disturbance, lethargy, poor appetite.

The diagnosis is made based on the results of x-rays of the maxillary sinuses and upper teeth, the presence of complaints related to teeth and sinusitis, and a dental examination. In difficult diagnostic cases, endoscopy of the maxillary sinuses and computed tomography of the upper jaw are used.

  • osteomyelitis of the upper jaw (bone suppuration);
  • phlegmon of the orbit (suppuration);
  • cerebral circulatory disorders;
  • sepsis, myocarditis, pyelonephritis, rheumatism and other diseases associated with the spread of infection throughout the body.

Treatment of odontogenic sinusitis:

  • sanitation of the oral cavity, filling of teeth, opening of abscesses, phlegmon, removal of teeth, implants and other surgical dental procedures aimed at eliminating the causes of odontogenic sinusitis;
  • Antibacterial therapy is mandatory;
  • washing, punctures of the maxillary sinuses;
  • surgical treatment aimed at drainage and sanitation of phlegmons, abscesses, fistulas in the event of osteomyelitis of the upper jaw or orbit.

Sinus rinsing, “cuckoo” for sinusitis, how is it done and what are the results of effectiveness?

  • sinusitis, including sinusitis;
  • vasomotor and allergic rhinitis;
  • long-lasting runny nose;
  • adenoids, polyps and so on.
  • children under 6 years of age;
  • frequent nosebleeds;
  • epilepsy, convulsive syndrome, severe mental disorders.
How is the nasal vacuum rinsing procedure performed?

2. The patient is placed lying down with his head thrown back at an angle of 45 0.

3. They explain to the patient what awaits him, so as not to cause him to panic, and also ask him to pronounce the sounds “KU-KU-KU” (hence the name), this is necessary to prevent liquid from entering the throat.

4. Using a syringe, a solution preheated to 37 0 C is poured into the nostril, while a suction tube is inserted into the other nostril and the liquid with pus is sucked out. It is possible to administer the solution slowly, which helps retain the drug in the sinuses, which has an antiseptic effect. Then the syringe and suction tube are swapped.

5. The entire procedure lasts only 10 to 15 minutes.

  • You should not get up from the couch abruptly, it is better to do this 5-10 minutes after the end of the procedure, otherwise you may experience severe dizziness or nosebleeds;
  • after this manipulation, you cannot immediately go outside, in summer - on average 30 minutes, and in winter - 60 minutes, this is necessary in order to protect the nasal mucosa from the effects of temperatures, dust, smog and possible viral and bacterial infections;
  • possible unpleasant sensations in the nose: dryness, tickling, sneezing;
  • after the procedure, a feeling of pressure in the ears and hyperemia (redness) of the eyes may also be observed;
  • An average of 10 such procedures are required.

Possible complications from the “cuckoo”:

  • nosebleeds;
  • damage to the nasal mucosa with a syringe or suction tube;
  • vomit;
  • headache;
  • if the procedure is carried out incorrectly, otitis may develop;
  • allergies to injected drugs;
  • psycho-emotional arousal of the patient.

What is used to rinse the nose?

  • Furacilin solution;
  • Dioxidine;
  • Chlorhexidine;
  • Dekasan;
  • Miramistin and others.
  • Cefotaxime;
  • Ceftriaxone;
  • Benzylpenicillin;
  • Amikacin and others.
  • the method is quite effective; with the help of the “cuckoo” in complex treatment, positive results are often achieved in the treatment of both acute and chronic sinusitis;
  • vacuum sinus rinsing effectively cleanses the maxillary sinuses of pus and mucus, and the injected antiseptics destroy the pathogenic flora there;
  • the method is preferable in case of undesirability of antibacterial therapy, since there is a possibility of exposure to antibacterial drugs directly in the maxillary cavity;
  • absence of side effects from the administered drugs, since they do not act systemically, but only locally;
  • the procedure can be performed on an outpatient basis, without hospitalization;
  • the method is non-traumatic, painless, and does not require special preparation of the patient;
  • The method is cheap.
  • Vacuum rinsing of the nose is used only in the case of effective removal of swelling of the mucous membrane and the presence of patency of the mouths of the maxillary sinuses, and if the patency is impaired, this method is not used;
  • Complications from manipulation are occasionally possible (listed above).

YAMIK and balloon sinuplasty: what is it, how is it performed and what is the effectiveness?

  • severe sinusitis or sinusitis that cannot be treated with standard regimens;
  • a combination of sinusitis with inflammation of other paranasal sinuses (with frontal sinusitis, ethmoiditis, sphenoiditis);
  • pronounced swelling of the mucous membrane;
  • chronic sinusitis.

Contraindications to rinsing the nose with the YAMIK catheter:

  • tendency to nosebleeds;
  • age over 70 years and under 6 years;
  • pronounced proliferation of polyps;
  • convulsive syndrome, epilepsy.
  • highly effective in cleansing the sinuses and relieving inflammation in them, suitable for the treatment of chronic sinusitis;
  • painlessness and no risk of injury to the nasal mucosa;
  • has a healing effect not only on the maxillary sinuses, but also on all paranasal sinuses;
  • Can be used in pediatric practice in children over 6 years of age;
  • safe for pregnant women.

Balloon sinuplasty (Acclarent).

  • chronic sinusitis;
  • blocked sinus openings with severe swelling or polypous growths;
  • advanced forms of sinusitis that are not amenable to drug and local treatment;
  • sinusitis in combination with other sinusitis;
  • the need to take biopsy material from the sinuses;
  • polyps in the paranasal sinuses, using this method it is possible to remove polypous growths;
  • osteomyelitis of the upper jaw and others.

How is balloon sinuplasty performed:

2. A special catheter with a balloon is inserted into the mouth of the sinus and the balloon is gradually inflated, expanding the entrance to the cavity. This process is carried out under the control of pressure and endoscopic technology. After the sinus opens, the purulent contents are evacuated.

3. If necessary, endoscopic instruments are introduced (instrumentation equipped with a video camera, the image is displayed on a computer screen) to take a biopsy or remove various growths.

4. Rinse the cavities with antiseptic solutions.

5. Deflate the balloon and remove the catheter.

  • bleeding from a postoperative wound or its infection;
  • formation of adhesions.

Pros of balloon sinuplasty:

  • high efficiency, the ability to completely cure processes in the nasal sinuses that the patient has been suffering from for many years;
  • complete restoration of the patency of the nasal sinuses;
  • quick results;
  • low invasiveness (small penetration deep into the tissue of the operated organ);
  • the operation is practically bloodless;
  • does not require hospitalization, the next day you can resume work and normal lifestyle;
  • local anesthesia;
  • complications occur extremely rarely.

The main disadvantage of this method is its price - from 2000 to 4000 USD. e.

Treatment of sinusitis at home, is it possible to cure sinusitis without antibiotics and punctures?

  • home treatment has no positive effect within 3 days;
  • if during treatment the body temperature rises above 38 0 C;
  • blood flows from the nose or the nasal discharge has bloody streaks;
  • you have severe headaches, and rinsing your nose does not bring relief;
  • if there is a putrid odor from the mouth or nasal discharge;
  • the general condition has been disturbed (severe weakness, loss of consciousness, and so on);
  • if sinusitis is caused by dental problems (odontogenic sinusitis);
  • Self-medication should not be practiced by children and pregnant women, as well as HIV-positive people and people suffering from other types of immunodeficiency.

Principles of treating sinusitis at home:

  • Furacilin - dilute 1 tablet per 100.0 ml of boiling water, then cool;
  • saline sodium chloride solution 0.9% - ready-made pharmaceutical form;
  • chamomile decoction - 1 tablespoon of chamomile flowers per 200.0 boiling water, leave in a water bath for 30 minutes;
  • weak solution of potassium permanganate;
  • sea ​​or iodized salt - 1 teaspoon per 200.0 ml of water;
  • infusions of St. John's wort, calendula or string - 1 tablespoon, pour 200.0 ml of boiling water and leave for 30 minutes.

The injected liquid should be warm, about 37 0 C. The solution is injected into the nostril or drawn in with the nose using a syringe or syringe, while the head should be tilted forward (the head should not be tilted back). Blow out the liquid through the other nostril. Then a similar manipulation is repeated on the other side.

  • cephalosporins (Cefodox, Cefuroxime and others);
  • penicillins protected with clavulanic acid (Augmentin, Amoxiclav);
  • macrolides (Azithromycin, Rovamycin). Antibiotics are taken strictly according to the instructions for the drug; they should be taken hourly (every 8, 12 or 24 hours).
  • vasoconstrictor drugs (Naphthyzin, Galazolin, and so on), drugs in the form of a spray are more effective than drops;
  • Isofra is an antibacterial agent for local treatment (nasal spray) - 1 injection 4 to 6 times a day (every 4-6 hours);
  • complex drops: Dioxidin or Tsiprinol 1 ampoule + hydrocortisone 1.0 ml + Farmazolin 10.0 ml, you can also add aloe extract 1.0 ml (1 ampoule);
  • salt solutions: Aquamaris, Dolphin, Humer;
  • traditional medicine: aloe juice, Kalanchoe, beetroot and so on.
  • herbal medicines and homeopathy: Sinupret, Sinuforte, Cinnabsin and others, these drugs must be taken for at least 2-3 weeks, even if you feel better;
  • herbal infusions: St. John's wort, yarrow, pulmonary herbal and others.

6. Treatment of sinusitis using a nebulizer - a special device that sprays a medicinal substance into fine particles, which improves the effect of local treatment of the respiratory tract. Administration of drugs by nebulizer is a fairly effective method of treating sinusitis. Various drugs are used for this:

  • Borjomi or other hydrocarbonate water (helps thin mucus);
  • Lazolvan for injection;
  • Ventolin, Berodual and other bronchodilators - relieve swelling of the mucous membrane of the nasal sinuses;
  • Antibiotics and antiseptics: Furacilin, Amikacin, Benzylpenicillin, Ceftriaxone and many others.

7. Drink plenty of warm drinks - about 2-3 liters per day.

  • You should not warm your nose with hot eggs, heated salt, etc., this can lead to additional swelling of the mucous membrane and worsening the condition;
  • To rinse the nose, you cannot use plant liquids (juice, decoctions, etc.) containing sediment, that is, these liquids must be carefully filtered;
  • Do not use hot or cold solutions for rinsing;
  • You can’t overcool, drink alcohol, preferably don’t smoke, and don’t engage in heavy physical activity.

How to recover from sinusitis?

2. Avoid contact with patients with viral infection.

3. Eliminate factors that provoke exacerbation of sinusitis (going to the dentist, treating concomitant diseases, correcting a deviated nasal septum, and so on).

4. It’s good to take a course of multivitamins (Bovital, Revit, Undevit, Duovit, Supradex, and so on).

6. Taking drugs that stimulate the immune system (Arbidol, Amiksin, Anaferon, Timolin, Echinacea, Uracil, and so on), especially during outbreaks of respiratory viral diseases.

7. A healthy lifestyle, giving up bad habits, physical activity, proper nutrition, balanced in proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and microelements.

8. Hardening of the body can begin no earlier than a month after recovery; for this you can douse yourself with water, starting with warm water, gradually increasing the area of ​​the body to be doused and lowering the temperature of the water.

9. For chronic sinusitis during the rehabilitation period, physiotherapy (Sollux, UHF and others) has proven itself well.

10. Consult a doctor in a timely manner if symptoms associated with the ear, nose and throat appear.

What traditional medicines are there to treat sinusitis?

2. Rinse the nose with beet juice: mix the strained beet juice with half and half water, add a little salt and rinse the nose with a syringe, syringe or teapot.

3. Rinse the nose with lemon juice: dilute lemon juice with water and add a little salt, rinse the nose with this mixture.

4. Instill the juice of Kalanchoe or aloe into your nose: take the leaves of the plant, peel off the hard shell and squeeze the juice out of the pulp, strain, and instill in your nose 4 times a day. These plants have antiseptic properties, restore inflamed mucous membranes, and increase local immunity.

5. Propolis tincture: soak cotton swabs in propolis, and then in hot and cooled (sterilized) vegetable oil. Use as an application in the nasal cavity 4 times a day. Propolis is a natural antibiotic.

6. Bay leaf decoction: pour 3 bay leaves with a glass of boiling water and simmer over low heat for 5 minutes. Apply the resulting decoction to your nose 3 times a day. Bay leaf has an antiallergic effect and relieves swelling of the mucous membranes.

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Source: http://www.polismed.com/articles-gajjmorit-prichiny-simptomy-sovremennaja-diagnostika-i-ehffektivnoe-lechenie.html