Medicines for nosebleeds

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Nosebleeds (nosebleeds)

Introduction

Causes of nosebleeds

In children

  • foreign body (pea, pencil, button, toy parts);
  • when picking your nose.
  • nasal injuries (bruise or fracture);
  • atrophic rhinitis;
  • tumors in the nasal passages (angiofibromas, hemangiomas, polyps);
  • drying out of the nasal mucosa, leading to fragility of blood vessels (when in a hot, unventilated room).

Table of contents:

  • infectious diseases (scarlet fever, influenza, ARVI and others);
  • increased body temperature;
  • blood diseases with a violation of the coagulation system;
  • hereditary diseases (hemophilia);
  • increased blood or intracranial pressure;
  • liver diseases;
  • hormonal changes;
  • lack of vitamins in the body;
  • physical activity (for example, sports);
  • overheating in the sun, sudden changes in atmospheric pressure.

In teenagers

In adults

  • nasal injury;
  • acute and chronic (atrophic) rhinitis;
  • deviated nasal septum;
  • benign (polyps, hemangiomas, angiofibromas) and malignant tumors in the nasal cavity;
  • burns (thermal, chemical, radiation);
  • surgical intervention or medical procedures (puncture of the paranasal sinuses, nasogastric intubation, endoscopy and others);
  • foreign bodies (piercing, for example);
  • bad habit (nose picking).

The general reasons are also quite varied:

  • pathology of the cardiovascular system (heart defects, vascular abnormalities with increased pressure in the vessels of the neck and head, hypertension, vascular atherosclerosis);
  • bleeding disorders, blood diseases (leukemia), hemorrhagic diathesis;
  • lack of vitamins C and K, lack of calcium in the body;
  • increase in body temperature (in case of infectious diseases, overheating, etc.);
  • pathological conditions as a result of sudden changes in pressure (in divers, pilots, climbers);
  • hormonal imbalances (menopause, pregnancy);
  • kidney and liver diseases in the stage of decompensation;
  • congenital pathology (hemophilia, Rendu-Osler disease);
  • taking medications that prevent blood clotting (Heparin, Warfarin, Pentosan, Aspirin).

Nosebleeds in healthy people can be triggered by significant physical activity or a stressful situation. The cause may also be inhalation of frosty or dry air for a long time, which causes dry mucous membranes and fragility of blood vessels.

In older people

In pregnant women

  • Lack of vitamins in the body of a pregnant woman, since the growing fetus also needs vitamins. Due to vitamin deficiency, increased capillary fragility develops.
  • Increased blood pressure; This not only contributes to nosebleeds, but can also lead to insufficient oxygen supply to the fetus (fetal hypoxia) and nutrients. The consequence of this is intrauterine growth retardation.
  • Increased stress on the cardiovascular system associated with increased blood flow in the mother's body to provide the fetus with nutrients.
  • Changes in the blood coagulation system.

Minor nosebleeds that stop quickly and occur no more than once a week are not dangerous, but should be reported to your doctor. This is necessary to exclude conditions that could harm the health of the pregnant woman or fetus.

Symptoms of nosebleeds

Causes and symptoms of nosebleeds - video

Severe, frequent, profuse nosebleeds

  • Most often, severe bleeding occurs in severe injuries with damage to the branches of the carotid artery. Such bleeding is often not only heavy, but also recurrent. Moreover, the bleeding may recur (recur) after a few days (or even weeks). Recurrent bleeding can lead to mental disorders: loss of orientation in place and time, anxiety, panic. This is due to hypoxia (insufficient oxygen supply) to the brain.
  • A common cause of severe nosebleeds is excessively high blood pressure.
  • Heavy and frequent nosebleeds combined with bruising and bleeding gums may indicate bleeding disorders. Such manifestations can occur with leukemia, hemorrhagic diathesis, hemophilia (hereditary pathology in males), and cirrhosis of the liver.
  • Frequent nosebleeds may be the first sign of a malignant or benign neoplasm.

Patients need careful examination and treatment. If you have heavy, frequent nosebleeds, you should not hesitate to see a doctor.

Nosebleeds at night

1. Damage to the vascular wall as a result of injury or disease. The vessels of the nasal mucosa can be injured by roughly blowing your nose or picking your nose. And injured vessels may begin to bleed at night.

2. Changes in blood composition or increased permeability of the vascular wall.

3. Increased intracranial or blood pressure.

4. Venous congestion in the sinuses of the brain can also lead to nosebleeds at night.

5. Sleep in a hot, unventilated room.

6. Change in atmospheric pressure.

7. Disturbances in the blood coagulation system.

Nosebleeds in the morning

  • coagulopathies (blood clotting disorders) – due to blood disease, vitamin deficiency;
  • diseases of the cardiovascular system (heart disease, hypertension, vascular abnormalities, atherosclerosis, etc.); increased blood pressure;
  • hormonal changes in the body (during puberty, pregnancy, etc.);
  • elevated temperature (in case of infectious diseases);
  • overheating in the sun on the eve of bleeding;
  • increased intracranial pressure as a result of a sharp morning rise;
  • lack of calcium in the body;
  • injury received the day before or in the morning (picking your nose, for example);
  • overwork, lack of sleep, stress;
  • dryness of the nasal mucosa (with atrophy of the nasal mucosa or sleeping in a hot, unventilated room).

In any case, the patient or parents should not be involved in the diagnosis. A consultation with a doctor and examination will help determine the cause and provide treatment.

Recurrent nosebleeds

  • you should not blow your nose or even touch your nose after the bleeding has stopped;
  • after the bleeding has stopped, use saline solutions purchased at the pharmacy to moisten the nasal mucosa; For this purpose, you can use Vaseline gel;
  • control indoor air humidity and use humidifiers if necessary;
  • If you need constant or frequent use of aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, discuss with your doctor the possibility of switching to Acetaminophen.

What to do if you have a nosebleed (emergency care)

  • Sit down and tilt your head forward a little. You should not tilt your head back, as this can cause blood to be swallowed and cause vomiting or enter the respiratory tract. In addition, when the head is thrown back, the venous outflow of blood from the head and neck becomes difficult. This increases blood pressure in the vessels of the head and increases bleeding.
  • If the cause of bleeding was overheating in the sun, you should immediately take the person into the shade or into a well-ventilated area.
  • Unfasten the collar and open the window for fresh air.
  • Apply a bag, bag or ice pack to the nose area. If it is not possible to apply ice, then you need to apply a bandage, cloth or handkerchief moistened with cold water. The same should be done in case of injury to the nose by changing its configuration. In this case, urgent consultation and help from a doctor is needed.
  • If the bleeding continues, then you need to press the wing of the nose (nostril) from the outside to the nasal septum with your finger for 5-10 minutes.
  • If the bleeding continues, you can moisten a bandage tampon with a runny nose remedy (Naphthyzin, Naphazolin, Sanorin, etc.) or a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide and insert it into the nasal cavity.
  • If the cause of bleeding was overheating in the sun, you should immediately take the person into the shade or into a well-ventilated area.

First aid for nosebleeds - video

Helping a child with nosebleeds

Treatment of nosebleeds

  • rapid stop of bleeding to prevent an increase in blood loss;
  • hemostatic drug therapy;
  • impact on the cause of bleeding.

Drug therapy

Cauterization of the nasal mucosa

Oxygen therapy

Nasal tamponade

Surgical methods to stop nosebleeds

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Frequent nosebleeds: causes, drug and surgical treatment

Frequent nosebleeds are a common reason for visiting an otolaryngologist. In some cases, it even leads to hospitalization of the patient, especially if the bleeding occurs after any injury. However, if there was a mechanical impact, there are no problems with making a diagnosis and prescribing treatment, but in other cases it is quite difficult to understand the causes of the pathology. Why does nosebleed occur, how dangerous is it, and what treatment can be prescribed for this condition?

Causes of frequent nosebleeds

Factors that cause frequent nosebleeds

There are many reasons for nosebleeds. The nasal cavity is well supplied with blood, the anterior nasal septum is saturated with blood vessels. Even a minor blow or any injury immediately leads to bleeding. Every person has encountered this unpleasant phenomenon at least once, but most often the bleeding itself stops after a while, and no more problems arise.

However, it is necessary to sound the alarm if nosebleeds begin to occur for no apparent reason, they recur and are difficult to stop.

There are several common external causes:

  • Sun and heat stroke. When the body overheats, dizziness, nausea, tinnitus are observed; a common symptom associated with increased blood pressure is nosebleeds. Overheating can be very dangerous; it is necessary to take the victim to a cool place as soon as possible and provide first aid.
  • Intoxication, poisoning, exposure to various chemicals. The blood vessels of the mucous membrane are constantly exposed to negative effects among chemical industry workers, those who work with various volatile substances, etc. Chronic poisoning leads to serious disorders in the body, manifested by frequent bleeding.
  • Taking antihistamines and some other medications. Long-term use of aspirin can lead to bleeding - it helps reduce clotting and thins the blood.

In addition to external causes, frequent nosebleeds can occur due to various infectious diseases. These include tuberculosis, syphilis, and liver and kidney diseases also negatively affect the condition of the mucous membrane. Blood often comes out of the nose with high blood pressure: in this case, the patient feels tinnitus, dizziness, and weakness.

Also, frequent nosebleeds occur with increased fragility of blood vessels, bleeding disorders and other diseases of the circulatory system.

In any case, if frequent causeless bleeding is observed, it is necessary to undergo a full examination as soon as possible in order to identify and eliminate the cause.

First aid for nosebleeds

Rules for stopping nosebleeds

If a nosebleed begins, it is important to provide the patient with first aid correctly. Often people begin to panic at the sight of blood - this further increases blood pressure and only increases bleeding. But if you know what to do, you can easily avoid unpleasant consequences for the body.

The person must be seated, ensuring peace. The head is not thrown back: blood should not enter the stomach, otherwise it may provoke vomiting. You should not blow your nose when bleeding - this will not help the patient, and the bleeding will be more difficult to stop. The head should be slightly tilted forward, a cotton swab should be placed in the nostril: it helps to form a plug and stop the bleeding.

You need to apply a cold object to the bridge of your nose - this will help narrow the blood vessels, and the blood will stop faster.

If the patient has lost consciousness, he should be placed on his back with his head turned to the side to avoid blood entering the stomach. If first aid for a nosebleed does not produce results, you must call an ambulance.

Useful video on how to properly stop a nosebleed.

When is it necessary to urgently call a doctor? You need to pay attention to the warning signs:

  • Severe bleeding that does not stop for a long time. It is necessary to stop the bleeding as quickly as possible, and for this you have to use medical assistance.
  • The appearance of weakness, cold sweat, black spots before the eyes. As a rule, this condition is observed with severe blood loss, which needs to be stopped as quickly as possible.
  • General deterioration in health. Nosebleeds are just one symptom that may indicate a serious illness.

Treatment

Ways to treat frequent nosebleeds

Treatment for nosebleeds depends on the cause of the pathological condition. First of all, it is necessary to exclude exposure to hazardous factors: mechanical and chemical influences, the negative effects of medications, etc.

It is necessary to avoid overheating the body, too intense physical activity and other factors that can cause bleeding. If their cause cannot be immediately established, the doctor will prescribe a full examination, based on the results of which treatment will be prescribed.

Depending on the identified cause, the doctor may choose one of the following methods of treating nosebleeds:

  • If they are caused by polyps (benign tumors) in the nasal cavity, surgical treatment may be prescribed. The doctor will perform an operation and remove all formations from the nasal cavity, after which the bleeding will completely disappear.
  • If bleeding occurs due to chronic rhinitis or other inflammatory processes, the doctor will prescribe vasoconstrictor drugs and special aerosols; treatment methods depend on the severity of the disease.
  • If nosebleeds occur due to damage to the nasal septum by chemicals, it is necessary to completely eliminate the damaging factor, after which a diet and special products with vitamins A and E are prescribed. They promote faster healing and restoration of blood vessels.
  • In case of bleeding due to long-term use of blood thinning drugs, the course of treatment must be reconsidered. Long-term use of such drugs poses a serious threat to human health: blood can come not only from the nose, but also serious internal bleeding with unpredictable consequences.
  • If they are caused by any systemic diseases, complex therapy will be prescribed. It is necessary not only to remove the symptom, but to eliminate the very cause of its occurrence - this could be an infection, an allergic reaction, a benign or malignant tumor, etc. In all cases, after eliminating the cause, nosebleeds will disappear.

If an alarming symptom appears at least several times, it is imperative to start treatment. Bleeding from the nose is one of the first symptoms of such terrible diseases as cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, heart failure, etc. For frequent bleeding, the doctor will prescribe drugs that help increase blood clotting: these are Vikasol, calcium chloride and gluconate, as well as large doses vitamin C.

Surgery

In approximately 10% of cases, nosebleeds have to be stopped surgically.

The doctor may use one of the following techniques:

  • Cauterize the damaged vessel with a cotton swab dipped in a solution of silver nitrate. This procedure allows you to reliably stop bleeding due to crust formation.
  • In difficult cases, coagulation of the vessel is prescribed: modern technologies allow it to be carried out painlessly using a laser or electric current. Severe blood loss may even require plasma and donor blood transfusions.
  • For local bleeding, solutions of lidocaine or novocaine can be injected directly into the mucosa. During the surgical operation, the doctor performs resection of the cartilage and gentle local intervention in the mucous membrane.
  • Cryotherapy is freezing the damaged area using liquid nitrogen. This technique avoids the appearance of scar tissue. In addition, it causes minimal discomfort to the patient.

Modern technologies have expanded the capabilities of specialists: operations are carried out using the most gentle methods, which do not require long recovery and allow obtaining a guaranteed result.

Possible complications

Consequences of improper treatment of pathology

Nosebleeds can be not only anterior, but also posterior: in the second case, blood begins to flow from the posterior wall of the nasal cavity, and in this case it is difficult to assess the extent of blood loss. If blood enters the stomach, it provokes vomiting of dark blood, which will only worsen the patient’s well-being. In this case, it is very difficult to stop the bleeding on your own; it is necessary to call an ambulance and provide assistance to the patient as quickly as possible.

It is important to correctly determine the source of bleeding. If the blood bubbles, this indicates pathologies of the respiratory system; this condition requires immediate medical intervention. Foamed blood indicates pulmonary hemorrhage - it can lead to the most severe consequences for the patient.

Intense bleeding leads to rapid blood loss: hemorrhagic shock occurs - a dangerous condition that can ultimately lead to death.

Delay is extremely dangerous for the patient; if you cannot stop the bleeding on your own, you need to call an ambulance as soon as possible.

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Causes of nosebleeds

General information

Currently, about 15% of patients visiting otolaryngologists are those who complain of frequent nosebleeds that occur spontaneously.

When blood comes from the nose after injury or other mechanical influence, this symptom is quite understandable to a person. But if this phenomenon repeats constantly, and there are no apparent reasons, then bleeding can seriously worry the patient. Bleeding without a reason can be both abundant and scanty, it can be short-term or long-lasting. Both adults and children suffer from this phenomenon.

However, some people never experience such problems; they are even sometimes interested in how to get a nosebleed without pain.

What can cause bleeding from the nose? First of all, we can talk about violations of the integrity of the walls of blood vessels, as well as poor blood clotting. In most cases (approximately 80%), the blood comes from the vessels of the anterior parts of the nose. If the blood appears from the posterior sections, then it is more difficult to stop, and this condition is more dangerous for health. Indeed, in this case, large vessels are damaged, and blood flows through the nose more intensely.

As a rule, bleeding appears due to a violation of the mucous membrane where the Kisselbach zone, which is located in the anterior part of the nasal septum. Since the mucous membrane in this place is very thin, and there are many vessels in it, even the smallest and most insignificant damage leads to blood running from the nose.

There are many reasons why this manifestation occurs. As a rule, it is associated with blood diseases, some infectious diseases, as well as diseases of the blood vessels, heart, kidneys and liver, and rheumatism.

Sometimes blood is released in streams or drops, sometimes it flows down the back wall of the throat. In this case, a person may notice weakness, dizziness, low blood pressure, tachycardia, and tinnitus.

Why such manifestations are observed every day, you must immediately ask your doctor.

It happens that nosebleeds are confused with the same manifestations from the lungs, trachea, bronchi, stomach, and nasopharynx. It should be noted that pure blood is usually released from the nose. Below we will talk about the reasons for this manifestation and how to eliminate this symptom.

Causes of nosebleeds: the influence of external factors

If a person has a very frequent nosebleed, the causes of this phenomenon are often related to external factors. External causes of nosebleeds can be:

  • The air is too dry, which often results in nosebleeds in children. This happens especially often during the heating season - in the mornings and not only the mucous membrane dries out, sticking to the smallest vessels. As a result, they lose their elasticity and burst, which leads to this phenomenon. This can also occur in a teenager during a period of active growth.
  • Many people note that they bled due to severe overheating - sunstroke or heatstroke. In this condition, weakness, headache, dizziness, fainting, and tinnitus are also noted.
  • Sometimes the answer to the question of what causes nosebleeds is strong changes in pressure, atmospheric or barometric. This happens if a person descends to the depths or rises high into the mountains, or takes off on an airplane to a great height.
  • There are other explanations for why nosebleeds occur. The reasons for this may be related to intoxication of the body or poisoning. This can occur due to inhalation of toxic vapors, gases, or aerosols. This also happens due to thermal burns of the mucous membrane, as well as chemical and electrical burns. This can happen with chronic benzene poisoning or exposure to radiation.
  • If a person sneezes or coughs very hard, the pressure in the vessels of the nose increases sharply and they become damaged.
  • Sometimes the causes of this phenomenon may be associated with the use of a number of medications. In particular, corticosteroids, antihistamines, nasal vasoconstrictors, blood thinners.

Local reasons

Local causes may also explain why a teenager, child or adult often bleeds from the nose.

Consequence of injuries

This is a very common reason, because very often an adult bleeds constantly after accidents, bruises, injuries at home, falls, which lead to fractures of cartilage tissue. As a rule, in addition to bleeding, in this case there is pain and swelling of the surrounding tissues. If there is bleeding due to a fracture of the facial bones or cartilage tissue, then the deformation will be visually noticeable.

Also, injuries to the nasal mucosa occur if specific operations or manipulations for diagnosis are performed: probing, puncture or catheterization of the nasal sinuses.

ENT diseases

If local pathological conditions develop, congestion of the nasal mucosa may occur. This can be observed with sinusitis, adenoids, and sinusitis. Also, such manifestations are possible in people with chronic rhinitis (allergic, etc.), especially if they are accustomed to very often and uncontrollably using nasal drops, which constrict blood vessels. Also dangerous in this case are hormonal medications that provoke thinning of the nasal mucosa and, as a result, its atrophy.

Changes in the mucous membrane, deviated nasal septum, anomalies in the development of veins

In patients with atrophic rhinitis, dystrophic changes in the mucous membrane are noted, which leads to the manifestation of nosebleeds. Anomalies in the development of arteries and veins (their local enlargements), severe curvature of the nasal septum, or the location of mucosal vessels too close to the surface can also lead to bleeding.

Adenoids, polyps, tumors

Sometimes frequent bleeding in women and men is a sign that a benign or malignant formation is developing in the nasal passages. These can be polyps, adenoids, tumors, angioma, specific granuloma.

Foreign bodies in the nose, infection with worms

Often the causes of nosebleeds in a child are associated with injuries from various objects - fingers, toys, etc. Sometimes blood comes if small foreign objects or small insects disappear into the nose. It sometimes flows even after the child has been bathed in an open body of water, since parasites - mites, etc. - can get into the nasal cavity.

Sometimes the explanation for why a child’s nose bleeds at night or in the morning is helminthic infestation, since roundworm larvae, when migrating, enter the lungs, nasopharynx, and other organs and damage blood vessels. Therefore, if your child often bleeds from the nose, you need to check him for the presence of parasites in his body.

In any case, if a child starts bleeding, it is necessary to act correctly, as advised by Dr. Komarovsky and other experts. How to provide emergency care for nosebleeds in children and how to stop the bleeding can be found below.

Common reasons

Sometimes a certain disease causes nosebleeds. Causes in adults and children may be associated with various diseases and conditions. Thus, the causes of nosebleeds in adults, as well as in children, may be associated with increased fragility of blood vessels, which is noted in such cases:

Changes in the vascular wall

Vasculitis, that is, the inflammatory process of the inner lining of blood vessels, leads to the manifestation of light bleeding, in which sometimes hemorrhage occurs in the muscles or joints, and a rash always appears.

Infectious diseases - measles, tuberculosis, influenza, chickenpox, etc., in such conditions pathological changes in the walls of blood vessels occur. If a patient contracts tuberculosis of the nasal cavity, blood crusts may periodically appear in his nose.

Vascular atherosclerosis – this disease can also cause bloody discharge from the nose. It should be remembered that this disease is dangerous, as it can lead to the development of heart attack and stroke.

Hypovitaminosis - sometimes the reason why blood flows from the nose in an adult is a lack of vitamins C, K, and calcium in the body. In this case, the doctor will tell you how to stop bleeding by prescribing vitamin complexes.

Fluctuations in hormonal levels

This also happens if sharp fluctuations in hormonal levels occur in the human body. This is why bloody discharge appears and headaches occur in adolescents, as well as in women during pregnancy and menopause.

Increase in blood pressure

Nosebleeds with blood pressure that has risen sharply are also possible. An increase in blood pressure levels is observed due to emotional and physical overload, as well as due to the development of vascular and heart diseases, etc. At what pressure this can happen depends on the characteristics of the body. But bleeding is most likely to occur during sudden changes in blood pressure: then the walls of the capillaries in the nose rupture, which provokes bleeding. This is possible with the following conditions and ailments:

  • atherosclerosis;
  • hypertension;
  • mitral stenosis, aortic stenosis;
  • adrenal tumors;
  • heart defects, in which there is an increase in blood pressure;
  • emphysema, pneumosclerosis;
  • pyelonephritis glomerulonephritis in chronic form;
  • excessive stress, physical and emotional.

Blood diseases

  • Bleeding disorders are one of the symptoms of a group of diseases, both acquired and hereditary, in which nosebleeds and other bleeding occur.
  • Cirrhosis of the liver.
  • Leukosili aplastic anemia.
  • Decreased platelet production in the body (thrombocytopenic purpura).

Other reasons

In addition to the above reasons, the following factors can provoke such manifestations:

Symptoms of anterior and posterior bleeding

Signs of nosebleeds sometimes complement the signs of the underlying disease, as well as symptoms of acute blood loss. You need to pay attention to the following manifestations:

If minor bleeding occurs, then signs of blood loss are usually not pronounced. Bleeding may occur both inward and outward. If it does not go out and flows along the back wall of the oropharynx, then it can be detected by performing pharyngoscopy. If significant blood loss occurs, a person may experience hemorrhagic shock, in which there is a sharp decrease in pressure, thread-like pulse, and tachycardia.

If anterior bleeding occurs, in most cases (approximately 90%) its source is the Kisselbach area. In this zone there is a large network of small vessels covered with thin mucosa with virtually no submucosal layer.

In such a situation, blood loss is usually minor. It stops on its own - basic first aid for nosebleeds works almost immediately. This phenomenon is not life-threatening.

If posterior bleeding develops, large vessels located deep in the nasal cavity are damaged. This is a dangerous condition for the patient, because bleeding very rarely stops on its own.

The doctor can determine the type of bleeding by examining the patient, performing pharyngoscopy and anterior rhinoscopy.

In addition, during the examination, the doctor can determine the development of pulmonary or gastric bleeding, since in such conditions blood sometimes flows into the nasal cavity. It is not difficult to recognize pulmonary hemorrhage - in such a situation, the color of the blood is bright scarlet, it foams. If it is gastric, it is dark, reminiscent of coffee grounds.

In the case of very intense bleeding flowing down the back wall, vomiting may develop, in which dark impurities are noted.

A general examination to diagnose the underlying disease will help to find out why bloody discharge from the nose appears.

To assess blood loss, the doctor prescribes a coagulogram, as well as a general blood test.

How to provide first aid?

You need to clearly understand what to do in case of nosebleeds in order to help both yourself and your child if severe bleeding develops. It is especially important for parents to know how to stop nosebleeds. After all, this happens often with children.
  • If bloody discharge is noticed in a child or an adult, you must immediately give him a semi-recumbent position - sit the patient up, tilt his head forward. You can also apply cold to the bridge of your nose for a few minutes - for example, ice wrapped in a towel or a heating pad with cold water.
  • You can also drip vasoconstrictor drops into your nose (these can be drugs Naphthyzin, Nazivin, Galazolin) or 3% hydrogen peroxide, then pinch your nostrils with your fingers.
  • If it flows from the nose and does not stop, the same drops or hydrogen peroxide should be applied to a cotton swab and inserted into the nostril, pressing it against the septum.
  • Provided that it is flowing from the right nostril, the person needs to raise his right hand up and press his left nostril. If there is bleeding from both, the person should raise both hands up, and the one who helps him can press both nostrils.
  • If none of the advice on how to stop nosebleeds quickly is effective, you should definitely call emergency help. It is the doctor who must determine how to stop the bleeding from the nose if it flows non-stop, despite all the measures taken.

After the discharge from the nasal cavity has stopped, there is no need to pull out the tampon too quickly, as there is a risk of damaging the blood clot, after which the attack may recur. It is better to carefully moisten the tampon with hydrogen peroxide, wait until it softens, and only then pull it out.

Even if such an incident occurs just once, it is imperative to take the child to an otolaryngologist to determine the cause of this phenomenon. The doctor will tell you what diseases there are that provoke such a symptom and prescribe tests to determine the diagnosis and prevent relapse.

To prevent dry nose and blood crusts in your baby, speed up the healing process and reduce the likelihood of relapse, you should lubricate the mucous membrane with Bacitracin, Neomycin or Vaseline ointment twice a day. During the heating season, you can drip products based on sea water (Salin, Aqua Maris) into your nose.

In serious cases, when it is not possible to cope with the situation on your own, specialists anemize the mucous membrane with a solution of adrenaline or ephedrine. If anterior tamponade is ineffective, posterior tamponade is performed. However, in most cases, both in children and the elderly, anterior tamponade also helps with posterior bleeding.

If relapses occur very often or tamponade is ineffective, surgical intervention is necessary. For people who are concerned about the frequent manifestation of anterior bleeding, coagulation and endoscopic cryodestruction are effective methods. Also, in such a situation, sclerosing drugs are sometimes administered, and drugs that increase blood clotting are prescribed.

What can't you do?

  • If blood appears from the nasal cavity, you should not lie down or tilt your head back - this will only worsen the situation, and blood in such positions can flow into the respiratory tract or into the esophagus. Getting it into the respiratory tract leads to suffocation, getting it into the stomach leads to nausea and vomiting.
  • You should also not blow your nose, as this may dislodge the clot that has formed.
  • If a foreign body gets into your nose, you should not remove it yourself - this should be done by a specialist.

When is urgent medical attention needed?

Sometimes, if a person has weak blood vessels or suffers from other diseases, you should not wait until the bleeding stops - you need to immediately call emergency help so that the patient can be helped by a doctor. This is necessary if the following occurs:

  • blood pressure increases;
  • there was a nose injury;
  • the patient has diabetes mellitus;
  • the person fainted;
  • very heavy bleeding was observed, in which there is a threat of large blood loss;
  • if a person has been taking or is currently taking Heparin, NSAIDs, Aspirin for a long time, or the patient has problems with blood clotting;
  • if there is vomiting of blood, which may indicate damage to the stomach, esophagus, or lungs;
  • If a clear fluid flows along with blood in a person after a head injury, this may indicate a fracture of the base of the skull.

Health care

If an adult or child experiences severe bleeding from the nasal cavity, he is hospitalized in an inpatient department. Even if you managed to cope with the problem on your own, you need to consult with an otolaryngologist later.

If the cause of the problem cannot be found, and such manifestations constantly appear, you need to undergo examination by a number of specialists - an endocrinologist, hematologist, neurologist.

If blood appears from the Kisselbach area, then this area is cauterized to prevent relapses. If necessary, the otolaryngologist practices the following measures:

  • removes polyps or foreign bodies from the nasal cavity;
  • performs anterior or posterior tamponade, which is impregnated with a 1% solution of feracryl, preserved amnion, epsilon-aminocaproic acid;
  • to cauterize the vessel, insert a tampon with trichloroacetic acid and vagotil;
  • practices coagulation using electric current, silver nitrate, laser, ultrasound, liquid nitrogen, or performs cryodestruction;
  • uses a hemostatic sponge;
  • administers sclerosing medications, an oil solution of vitamin A;
  • if the blood loss is very serious, the doctor uses fresh frozen plasma, blood transfusion, and administers hemodez, rheopolyglucin and aminocaproic acid intravenously.

If all these methods are ineffective, then a surgical operation is performed - embolization of large vessels in the area of ​​the nasal cavity where problems are noted.

Also prescribed are drugs that increase blood clotting - calcium chloride, vitamin C, Vikasol, calcium gluconate.

If a nosebleed occurs, you should not eat hot food or drink hot drinks afterward, and you should not engage in severe physical activity to prevent the problem from reoccurring.

Prevention

  • Sometimes, for the purpose of prevention, Ascorutin is prescribed to children and adults, and treatment of vascular fragility is carried out.
  • During the heating season, it is necessary to properly humidify the air in the room.
  • It is important to eat a nutritious and varied diet to get all the vitamins and minerals your body needs.
  • Avoid injury.

Education: Graduated from Rivne State Basic Medical College with a degree in Pharmacy. Graduated from Vinnitsa State Medical University named after. M.I. Pirogov and internship at his base.

Work experience: From 2003 to 2013 – worked as a pharmacist and manager of a pharmacy kiosk. She was awarded diplomas and decorations for many years of conscientious work. Articles on medical topics were published in local publications (newspapers) and on various Internet portals.

The most obvious symptom is blood coming out of a child’s nose. If this process occurs internally, then the liquid flows into the oropharynx, which is where it is found when pharyngoscopy is performed.

Marina: Diosalin is the most reliable drug! Helps me well with allergies.

Tatyana: When treating with Acnecutane, the most important thing is to gain a cumulative dose, then there will be an effect.

Inna: I have a strange feeling. We took it for a month, but still didn’t understand what these vitamins were for. Not .

Sveta: I spent almost a month on Ginkum, which hardly helped me. I thought maybe more.

All materials presented on the site are for reference and informational purposes only and cannot be considered a treatment method prescribed by a doctor or sufficient advice.

The site administration and the authors of the articles are not responsible for any losses and consequences that may arise when using the site materials.

Source: http://medside.ru/prichinyi-krovotecheniya-iz-nosa

Nose bleed

Description:

Nosebleed (epistaxis) is bleeding from the nasal cavity, usually seen as blood leaking through the nostrils. There are two types of nosebleeds: anterior (most frequent) and posterior (less frequent, but requiring more attention from a doctor). Sometimes, in more severe cases, blood can rise up the nasolacrimal duct and flow out through the eye socket. Fresh and clotted blood may also drain into the stomach, causing nausea and vomiting. Nosebleeds are extremely rarely fatal; Thus, in the USA in 1999, only 4 deaths from epistaxis were recorded out of 2.4 million deaths. Perhaps the most famous death from nosebleeds is that of Attila, who choked on blood in his sleep after a wild feast to celebrate his own wedding.

Symptoms of nosebleeds:

Nosebleeds develop when the blood vessels rich in the nasal mucosa are damaged. Damage may be spontaneous or caused by trauma. Nosebleeds occur in 60% of the population with the highest frequency in age groups under 10 years and over 50 years, more often in men than in women. Bleeding due to arterial hypertension lasts longer. Anticoagulant therapy and blood diseases can both cause epistaxis and increase its duration. In old age, nosebleeds develop more often due to the drier and thinner mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, the age-related tendency to arterial hypertension, and the lower ability of blood vessels to contract.

Causes of Nosebleeds:

The causes of nosebleeds can be divided into two groups - local and systemic factors.

* Foreign bodies (including nose picking)

* Inflammatory processes (ARVI, chronic sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, etc.)

* Snorting drugs (especially cocaine)

* Tumors of the nasal cavity (nasopharyngeal carcinoma, etc.)

* Low relative humidity of inhaled air (especially in winter)

* Use of a nasal oxygen catheter (dries out the nasal mucosa)

* Use of a nasal spray (especially steroid)

* Surgical intervention (plasty of the nasal septum, etc.)

* Drinking alcohol (causes vasodilation)

* Blood diseases (anemia, hematological malignancies, ITP, etc.)

*Vitamin C or K deficiency

* Systemic connective tissue diseases

* Vascular diseases

Treatment for nosebleeds:

Sit up straight and lean forward. By maintaining an upright position, you reduce blood pressure in the nasal veins. This helps stop bleeding. Leaning forward helps you avoid swallowing blood, which can lead to stomach irritation.

Pinch your nose with your fingers. Using your thumb and forefinger, press the wings of your nose against the septum. Breathe through your mouth. Continue pinching your nose for 5-10 minutes. This technique applies pressure to the bleeding area of ​​the nasal septum and often helps stop the bleeding.

To prevent re-bleeding, it is not recommended to pick your nose or blow your nose. Bends forward are also not recommended for several hours after bleeding has stopped. The head should remain above the level of the heart.

If bleeding recurs: Blow your nose vigorously to clear the nasal passages of blood clots, and spray both nostrils with a decongestant nasal spray (Afrin, Neo-Synephrine, etc.). Pinch your nose as described above and call a doctor.

Where to go:

Medicines, drugs, tablets for the treatment of nosebleeds:

Drugs that affect the digestive system and metabolic processes.

CJSC "Lekhim-Kharkov" Ukraine

Vitamins. Ascorbic acid.

Ozon LLC Russia

Vitamins. Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C).

OJSC "Marbiopharm" Russia

Antiseptic + local anesthetic.

OU SPC "Biogen" Russia

"Profit Pharm" Russia

CJSC PFC "Obnovlenie" Russia

Hemostatic agent for local use.

JSC "Biokhimik" Republic of Mordovia

CJSC "Bryntsalov-A" Russia

Vitamins. Ascorbic acid.

JSC "Khimpharm" Republic of Kazakhstan

Anticongestant - vasoconstrictor (alpha-adrenergic agonist).

Teva Israel

Antiseptic and disinfectants.

JSC "Khimpharm" Republic of Kazakhstan

Vitamins. Ascorbic acid.

JSC "Khimpharm" Republic of Kazakhstan

JSC "Khimpharm" Republic of Kazakhstan

Vitamins. Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C).

Natur Produkt Europe BV (Natur Product Europe B.V.) Netherlands

Anticongestant - alpha-adrenergic agonist.

Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Moscow Endocrine Plant" Russia

Anticongestant - vasoconstrictor (alpha-adrenergic agonist).

Teva Israel

YuzhPharm LLC Russia

Antiseptic and disinfectants.

CJSC "Moscow Pharmaceutical Factory" Russia

Anticongestant - alpha-adrenergic agonist.

Source: http://www.24farm.ru/otorinolaringologiya/nosovoe_krovotechenie/

Causes of nosebleeds, first aid and treatment

Bleeding from the nose (scientifically called epistaxis) is a very common pathology in humans. With it, there is a discharge of blood from the nasal cavity, which occurs due to rupture of blood vessels. In some cases, epistaxis leads to large blood loss and even threatens life. In 20% of such bleeding, immediate medical attention is required. The nasal mucosa is distinguished by the presence of a significant number of small blood vessels. When they are damaged, blood flows out of the nostrils, but in severe cases it can flow into the larynx and interfere with breathing. Most often, vascular damage occurs accidentally when the nose is injured.

According to statistics, epistaxis is observed in 60% of people. Typically, nosebleeds occur in children under 10 years of age and in adults over 50 years of age. It is noteworthy that this pathology is more typical for men.

Nosebleeds appear more frequently in later years because the mucous membranes of mature people are much drier and thinner than those of young people. At the same time, the ability of blood vessels to contract is reduced, and there is a tendency for the progression of arterial hypertension. In 80% of cases with unclear causes of frequently recurring nosebleeds, problems in the hemostatic system (hemostatic system) are identified in the patient.

Experts distinguish two types of this kind of bleeding, depending on which parts of the nasal cavity they originate from:

The anterior one, which occurs most often. With it, blood flows out of the nostrils;

Posterior, which is rare, but poses a significant health hazard and requires medical attention. With it, blood flows down the nasopharynx into the inside.

Causes of nosebleeds

This pathological condition is caused by various reasons, but there are two groups of factors leading to nosebleeds.

Local injuries that are the most common cause of nosebleeds:

Injury to the nose during sports or an accident;

Surgery, such as rhinoplasty;

Interference by foreign objects, including a finger;

Diseases: allergic and atrophic rhinitis, sinusitis, sinusitis. With such pathologies, the blood vessels of the nose become unprotected and are more often damaged, especially if the mucous membrane is regularly dried out by nasal medications;

Anatomical deformation of the nasal cavity;

Ulcerations in the area of ​​Kisselbach's choroid plexus;

Using drugs by snorting them through the nose;

Tumors in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses: nasopharyngeal carcinoma, bleeding polyp;

Low air humidity (especially in winter), leading to drying of the nasal mucosa;

Using an oxygen catheter.

Systemic causes, which are less common, but require close attention from a doctor:

Various infectious diseases: acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, diphtheria, sepsis, accompanied by intoxication of the body. Toxins, viruses and bacteria lead to dilation of blood vessels, which become thin and fragile. Against the background of infections, there is a weakening of blood clotting processes and an increase in the permeability of its elements;

Vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis;

Blood diseases: leukemia, capillary toxicosis, hemoblastosis, anemia, hemophilia, hemorrhagic vasculitis, Randu-Osler, Werlhoff, von Willebrand diseases;

Lack of vitamins K and C in the body;

Pathological conditions of the liver: hepatitis and cirrhosis, which lead to a decrease in the synthesis of components that affect the normal functioning of the hemostatic system. At the same time, the structure of the liver tissue changes, which causes a slowdown in blood flow and an increase in blood pressure in those vessels that are responsible for renal circulation;

Abuse of alcoholic beverages that cause vasodilation;

Angiofibroma, which is a formation localized in the nasopharynx or at the base of the skull. It is characterized by frequent nosebleeds;

Kidney diseases that cause high blood pressure;

Hypothyroidism, expressed in dysfunction of the thyroid gland, in which platelet production decreases;

Side effects of medications.

In 90-95% of cases of epistaxis, its source is the anterior inferior part of the nasal septum, called the Kisselbach plexus. In other cases, bleeding develops in the middle and posterior sections of the nasal cavity. The most threatening are epistaxis, characterized by a sudden onset, large loss of blood and short duration. Experts call them “signal” epistaxis. They can be caused by damage to a large vessel in the nasal cavity or a ruptured aneurysm. Nosebleeds can also be caused by a cancerous tumor.

Pulmonary hemorrhage, which is characterized by the appearance of scarlet, foamy blood, can also occur through the nose. When bleeding occurs in the upper gastrointestinal tract, dark, clotted blood may be discharged from the nose. Blood diseases and treatment with anticoagulants often cause this pathological condition and increase its duration. Epistaxis is also one of the signs of a skull fracture. Often, white specks of cerebrospinal fluid are observed in the blood. Heatstroke or sunstroke can also cause nosebleeds. It is accompanied by headache, dizziness, nausea, and fainting. Even healthy people can be susceptible to this condition.

In cases where the exact cause of epistaxis has not been established, it is usually associated with blood diseases. Moreover, this can be a number of serious diseases. These include disturbances in platelet function and structure, decreased blood clotting factors, and decreased prothrombin levels. Causes leading to nosebleeds also include heavy physical exertion, fast running, overheating of the body, sudden bending and standing up at high pressure, and rarefied air.

To determine the cause of chronic nosebleeds, the following laboratory and instrumental tests may be needed:

Blood and urine tests that will show your overall health;

Coagulogram characterizing the functioning of the blood coagulation system;

Blood test for the presence of prothrombin and determination of liver pathologies ALAT, AST;

Electroencephalogram, reflecting the nature of brain biocurrents;

Ultrasound of the head and internal organs;

An electrocardiogram indicating disturbances in the functioning of the cardiovascular system;

Echocardiography, aimed at studying changes in the heart and its valves;

X-ray of the nasal cavity and skull;

Computed tomography of the sinuses;

Magnetic resonance imaging of the sinuses and cranium.

To establish a diagnosis, the patient may need to be examined by the following doctors: ENT, hematologist, surgeon, neurologist, cardiologist, ophthalmologist.

Nosebleeds due to high blood pressure

High blood pressure is considered one of the common causes of nosebleeds. Its first signs are:

Throbbing headache;

Nausea and general weakness.

Frequent cases of nosebleeds, accompanied by the above symptoms, indicate hypertension. In this case, the appearance of blood from the nose is a kind of compensatory process that prevents overload of the brain vessels. Nosebleeds that occur with arterial hypertension are characterized by a long duration. Heavy bleeding from the nose with high blood pressure can lead to a rapid drop, which can provoke acute heart failure (collapse).

What is the cause of frequent nosebleeds?

Frequently recurring nosebleeds are often associated with the anatomical structure of the nasal cavity. The appearance of droplets or streams of blood when coughing, sneezing, runny nose or when feeling normal indicates weak walls of the Kisselbach plexus vessels. Such nosebleeds are almost always observed from an early age.

Another cause of frequent spontaneous nosebleeds is atrophic rhinitis. With this disease, the nasal mucosa becomes thin and dry. This condition contributes to the disruption of the integrity of blood vessels at the slightest touch.

Frequent epistaxis occurs when hormonal levels change. They can occur during adolescence and in pregnant women. Girls from the age of 11 sometimes experience bleeding from the nose. They may accompany the first menstruation for some time. During pregnancy, global hormonal, structural and functional changes occur in the body. The level of sex hormones, such as estrogens and progesterone, increases greatly. They have a direct effect on increasing blood supply in the mucous membrane area. At the same time, in women with fragile vessels or thin nasal mucosa, the risk of frequent epistaxis increases significantly. Sometimes in pregnant women, nosebleeds indicate increased blood pressure, which is a sign of the development of dangerous conditions such as preeclampsia and eclampsia. Also, the occurrence of epistaxis may indicate an exacerbation of kidney and liver diseases in a pregnant woman.

Regardless of the reasons, private epistaxis is a significant reason to consult a doctor and conduct a comprehensive diagnosis of a person’s health.

What to do if you have nosebleeds?

Most people experience the following characteristic sensations before the onset of a nosebleed: a worsening headache, pulsating tinnitus, a tickling or itching sensation in the nose. Actions for such pathology directly depend on the factors that caused it. The severity of the pathogenesis should also be taken into account.

Experts identify the following typical signs of nosebleeds:

The discharge of scarlet blood from the nostrils or the flow into the throat indicates that its source is the anterior or posterior part of the nasal cavity;

The flow of foamed blood from the nose is a sign of pathology in the lower parts of the respiratory system, namely in the bronchi and lungs;

Minor bleeding, characterized by the release of drops and streams of blood. As a rule, their volume does not exceed several milliliters. It usually stops on its own and is very short-lived. To stop such epistaxis, you simply need to press the wings of the nose. Most often, this pathology forms in the area of ​​Kisselbach's plexus;

Moderate bleeding, which leads to the loss of up to 300 ml of blood. Despite this, pathological changes in the cardiovascular system most often do not occur. It is advisable to consult a doctor to study the causes of epistaxis;

Severe blood loss (ml), causing pale skin, lowering blood pressure (domm Hg). Art., general weakness, significant increase in heart rate (up to 90 beats/min.), dizziness. In the most severe cases, the patient loses up to 1 liter of blood. After such blood loss, the level of hemoglobin in the blood often drops after 1-2 days. The hematocrit number with this epistaxis decreases to ED. Excessive nosebleeds are a serious threat to human health, so you should consult a doctor immediately.

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Treatment of nosebleeds

It is not always possible to stop a nosebleed on your own. In this case, drug treatment may be used. In this case, the patient is prescribed hemostatic drugs intravenously/intramuscularly or orally. They are chosen depending on the severity of the bleeding. For minor and moderate epistaxis, you should take 1-2 teaspoons of 10% calcium chloride. It enhances the effect of hemostatic drugs, improves the contractility of vascular walls and reduces their permeability.

Doctors prescribe the following drugs to stop epistaxis:

Sodium ethamsylate solution 12.5% ​​(dicinone), which enhances platelet function and helps stop bleeding. It does not affect blood clotting, so it is prescribed for a long time. It is used orally or intravenously;

Vikasol, which enhances the effect of hemostatic drugs, but it cannot be used for more than 3-4 days. This drug is administered intramuscularly;

Aminocaproic acid, which reduces processes leading to blood thinning. It is administered intravenously (more than 60 drops per minute). This drug is contraindicated in DIC (intravascular coagulation disorder) because it increases blood clotting.

The patient should also take vitamins C and K. For severe nosebleeds, transfusions of blood components are used. The patient is injected with at least 500 ml of fresh plasma, which has a hemostatic effect.

For nosebleeds that persist for a long time, surgical treatment methods can be used.

Anterior tamponade

Anterior tamponade, which stops bleeding from the anterior nasal cavity, is performed as follows:

During the procedure, the nasal area is anesthetized with an aerosol 10% lidocaine solution or instillation of 2% dicaine.

A gauze swab (turunda) up to 20 cm long and up to 1.5 cm wide is inserted into the nostril.

Before insertion into the nose, the turunda is moistened with 3% hydrogen peroxide, which accelerates the formation of a blood clot, or a 5% solution of aminocaproic acid, which has a hemostatic effect.

Turunda can also be moistened with thrombin or hemophobin.

After inserting the tampon, a sling-shaped bandage is applied to the nose.

Leave the turunda in the nose for 1-2 days, injecting aminocaproic acid into the tampon daily. In especially severe cases, turundas are left in the nose for 6-7 days.

Before removing the tampon, 3% hydrogen peroxide is injected into it to make it moist and easier to remove.

Posterior tamponade

Posterior tamponade, necessary for severe bleeding from the posterior nasal cavity, is performed as follows:

For this procedure, prepare sterile swabs from folded gauze. Their size should be 2.5x2 cm.

The tampon is tied with two silk threads 20 cm long, crosswise. One of the four ends of the threads is cut off.

Before the procedure, intramuscular anesthesia is performed with a lytic mixture consisting of aqueous solutions of 1 ml of 1% promedol, 2 ml of 50% analgin, 1 ml of 2% diphenhydramine.

The procedure begins by inserting a thin rubber catheter into the bleeding nostril. It is injected until it comes out through the nasopharynx into the pharynx.

Then, using forceps or tweezers, the catheter is pulled out through the mouth.

A tampon is tied to the end of the catheter and pulled into the nasal cavity until it stops at the choanae (inner nasal openings).

The tampon is held in place by two stretched strings that extend from the nasal opening.

The third thread is removed from the mouth. It is glued to the cheek with an adhesive plaster.

For reliability, the posterior tamponade is supplemented with the anterior one.

Tampons are left in the nose for 1-2 days. In severe cases - for 6-7 days. The patient should take antibiotics and sulfa drugs to prevent infectious diseases and rhinogenic sepsis.

Tampons are removed using silk threads.

Surgery

Surgery is used in 5-17% of cases of persistent extensive nosebleeds.

In this case, it is possible to influence the nasal cavity using the following methods:

Cauterization with a round cotton swab moistened with a 40% solution of lapis (silver nitrate) or trichloroacetic acid. This is the simplest method of treating epistaxis. After this procedure, a crust forms, stopping the flow of blood;

Introduction of medications (novocaine, lidocaine) into the submucous membrane of the nasal cavity. This method of therapy is used for local bleeding;

Submucosal resection of the cartilage located in the nasal septum, detachment of the nasal mucosa and local interventions recommended for frequent relapses of the pathology;

Electrocoagulation (cauterization with electric current), which should only be performed in a medical facility. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia. Electrocoagulation works well for damage to small vessels of the anterior nasal septum and recurrent bleeding;

Radio wave exposure using the Surgitron device, which is distinguished by its effectiveness and safety. This surgical procedure has virtually no side effects or complications;

Cryodestruction, during which the damaged area of ​​the mucous membrane is treated with liquid nitrogen. After such therapy, scar tissue does not appear on the nasal mucosa. In this case, the mucous membrane is completely restored quite quickly. The procedure lasts about half an hour;

Laser coagulation, which is highly effective and safe. Its only drawback is the rather high price for a therapy session. During this procedure, a high-intensity laser is applied to the damaged mucous membrane. The operation is characterized by minimal tissue trauma, high precision and the antibacterial effect of the laser, which reduces the risk of infections;

Removing the ridges and spines of the nasal septum using surgical instruments.

In recent years, the most popular method of stopping epistaxis is manipulations performed on the paranasal (maxillary, ethmoid) sinuses. During this procedure, the damaged vessel is ligated or clipped. In some cases, surgery may be required to mechanically destroy the cells of the ethmoid sinus. Then tamponade of the nasal cavity is performed.

In especially severe cases, according to the doctor’s indications, ligation of the main vessels, such as the external carotid and internal maxillary arteries, is carried out. This operation is performed in cases where other methods of therapy have been ineffective. It most often does not cause complications and effectively stops bleeding.

For severe nosebleeds caused by damage to the internal carotid artery, angiography and embolization of the bleeding vessel located inside the skull are performed. This is a very promising method of treating particularly severe pathologies. This operation makes it possible to precisely block the damaged area of ​​the vessel from which bleeding occurs. The procedure is quite complex to perform and is impossible without expensive special equipment and the experience of the surgeon. Unfortunately, this complex operation can sometimes lead to paralysis and bleeding of large areas of the brain.

The high-tech methods of microrhinoscopic and endoscopic surgery that exist today are characterized by unreasonable complexity and are not always effective. At the same time, they can also lead to various complications.

First aid for nosebleeds

If a nosebleed occurs, a person must clearly determine what he can cope with on his own or with the help of loved ones, and what requires immediate medical intervention.

If you have a nosebleed, you should do the following:

Calm the victim. To do this, he must breathe slowly and deeply. This step relieves emotional arousal and prevents increased heart rate and increased blood pressure, which only increase blood loss;

Sit the patient in a comfortable position and raise his head without throwing it back. The head should be slightly tilted forward. When the head is thrown back, blood flows down the nasopharynx, which can cause vomiting and blood clots entering the respiratory tract, leading to respiratory distress. A container is placed under the patient’s nose to collect the leaking blood, which allows the volume of blood loss to be accurately determined;

Take measures to stop bleeding. To do this, the wings of the nose are pressed against the septum with the fingers. The patient can also carefully free the nasal cavity from blood clots accumulated in it. Drops for a runny nose (Galazolin, Nazivin, Sanorin, Tizin) are instilled into a cleansed nose. They have a vasoconstrictor effect. 5-6 drops of the drug are instilled into each nostril. After this, 10 drops of 3% hydrogen peroxide are instilled into the nose. A very effective method of stopping nosebleeds is to irrigate the nasal cavity with cold 5% aminocaproic acid. You can also use drugs such as Thromboplastin or Thrombin for these purposes. The above procedures act in a comprehensive manner: the vessels are mechanically compressed, the accumulated blood clots and dries faster, creating a kind of plug, nasal drops narrow the blood vessels, hydrogen peroxide and other medications accelerate the process of formation of a blood clot, stopping the blood;

Apply a cold compress to your nose. This can be an ice pack wrapped in a cloth or cold towel. Every 15 minutes the compress is removed for a few minutes. Due to the effects of cold, blood vessels narrow, which quickly reduces the intensity of bleeding. Immersing your hands in cold water and your feet in warm water also helps stop the bleeding more quickly;

Insert a cotton swab soaked in a solution of vasoconstrictors (3% hydrogen peroxide, 5% aminocaproic acid) into the nostrils. In this case, the wings of the nose should be pressed against the septum for 5-15 minutes. When removing the tampon, you should be extremely careful so as not to damage the vessels again and pull off the resulting crust;

Give the patient a drink of salted water (1 teaspoon/200 ml).

Sometimes first aid measures may not be enough. You should consult a doctor immediately if:

Injuries to the nose and skull;

Continuous bleeding for a long time;

Too much blood loss (up to 200 milliliters or more);

The presence of infectious diseases;

A sharp deterioration in health, general weakness, vomiting, pale skin, dizziness, loss of consciousness.

To prevent epistaxis, we can recommend:

Strengthening the walls of blood vessels by regularly taking vitamin C or Ascorutin;

Maintaining normal blood pressure;

Training blood vessels using a contrast shower, bath, hardening by dousing;

Increasing blood clotting by taking vitamin K and calcium;

Providing moisture to the nasal mucosa using ointments or oils;

Quitting smoking and alcohol;

Timely treatment of chronic diseases of the kidneys, liver, heart, and vascular system;

Moderate physical activity;

A healthy diet that includes protein foods such as cottage cheese, liver, chicken, and turkey.

Since nosebleeds are not only a minor local pathology, but also a sign of various diseases dangerous to human health, with frequent relapses or heavy bleeding, it is necessary to undergo a comprehensive examination to establish an accurate diagnosis and carry out appropriate therapy.

Author of the article: Alekseeva Maria Yuryevna, general practitioner, especially for the site ayzdorov.ru

Arterial bleeding is one of the most dangerous bleedings, posing a direct threat to human life. This is primarily due to the fact that blood loss is high and intense. Therefore, it is important to know its main signs and first aid rules.

Despite the fact that there are no minor reasons that could provoke such a phenomenon, situations can still be different. Sometimes you can wait a few hours before the start of a new working day and go to see a doctor as usual, but sometimes the situation is urgent: you should call a doctor.

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is the leakage of blood from blood vessels damaged by disease into the cavities of the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common and serious complication of a wide range of pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, posing a threat to health and even.

Uterine bleeding is the discharge of blood from the uterus. Most often it is a serious symptom of diseases of the female body. Any uterine bleeding should be diagnosed in time, and the woman should receive medical assistance. Ignoring such a symptom leads to serious consequences, even death.

Bleeding gums is the release of a certain amount of blood, accompanied by inflammation. The stronger the inflammatory process, the greater the amount of blood will be released from the gums. In some cases, it appears even when the gums are at rest, for example, at night. This problem is quite.

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